科技英语写作表达的几个问题

科技英语写作表达的几个问题 平山健三 英语化学论文写作方法 市原 英语论文的写作方法 周春晖 科技英语写作 英文现刊

1 简明 2 富于变幻 3 辨析近义词 4 语法修辞及其他 （1） 由which, that, where引出的从句 （2） 不要在一个名词前用一串词进行修饰 （3） 词序 （4） 利用时态表示事件发生的先后关系 （5） 介词 1) 与描写实验过程有关的介词 2) 由相同介词引起的相互平行的对等结构

1 简明 科学论文不同于文学作品，要求必须简明、清晰、准确 例 As can be seen from Fig.1, growth is rapid. → Growth is rapid (Fig.1). Fig.1 shows that growth is rapid. As shown in Fig.1 „ → Fig.1 shows „

The molar enthalpy of decomposition was determined to be 62.38 kJ/mol by means of thee third peak area in DSC curve. → The molar enthalpy of decomposition was determined to be 62.38 kJ/mol from (or by)the third peak area in DSC curve.

下述句式可以更加简洁的形式表达 常以介词或副词代替 a number of =several, some at a temperature of at at some future time later at the present time (moment) now a very limited number of few by means of by or with due to the fact that because or since during the time that while for a period of for for the reason that because or since from the standpoint of according to greater (or higher) number of more if conditions are such that if compared with A, B was bigger B was bigger than A considerable amount of much considerable number (or proportion) many or most in a careless manner carelessly in a considerable number of cases often in a similar manner similarly in all cases always, all in any case anyhow in consequence of this fact therefore in excess of more than in few cases sometimes, rarely, seldom in many cases chemists are „ many chemists are „ in order to to

in regard to in relation to in respect to in the case of in the context of 以上可使用适当的介词，例如in, for, about, with

in some cases sometimes in terms of in in the case of sodium with sodium in the event that if in the near future soon in the temperature range of between „ and „ ℃ in view of the fact that since or because large number(s) of many large proportion of many of great importance important of such hardness that so hard that on the basis of from, by, because on the order of about over the past few years recently, in recent years owing to the fact that since, because a small number of a few subsequent to after a sufficient number of enough with reference to about prior to before 将以It为先行词的that从句改写成简洁的形式 It is apparent that „ Apparently „, hence, thus It appears that „ Apparently „ It is interesting to note that „ Interestingly „ It was in 1977 that „ In 1977 „ It is clear that „ Clearly „ It is our conclusion that „ We conclude that „

It is possible that „ It may be said that „ Perhaps „, Possibly, Probably

It is often the case that „ Often „ It is possible that the cause is „ The cause may be „

可去掉It,改用动词，而不用名词 It is the aim of the present investigation to provide „ → This investigation is aimed to providing „

ACS 建议以如下几种方式，使文章写得更加简明： （1） 删去诸如下述短语 As already stated It has been found that It has long been known that It is interesting to note that It is worth mentioning at this point It may be said that It was demonstrated that （2） 删去多余的词 It is a procedure that is often used. → This procedure is often used. There are seven steps that must be completed. → Seven steps must be Completed. This is a problem that is„ → This problem is„ These results are preliminary in nature.→ These results are preliminary. （3） 不用短语，用单一词表达 a number of → many, several a small number of → a few are in agreement → agree are found to be → are are known to be → are at present → now at the present time → now based on the fact that → because by means of → by despite the fact that → although due to the fact that → because during that time → while fewer in number → fewer for the reason that → because has been shown to be → is if it is assumed that → if in color, e.g., red in color → just state the color, e.g., red in consequence of this fact → therefore, consequently in length → long in order to → to in shape, e.g., round in shape → just state the shape, e.g.,round in size, e.g., small in size → just state the size, e.g., small in spite of the fact that → although in the case of „ → in „, for„ in the near future → soon in view of the fact that → because is known to be → is it appears that → apparently it is clear that → clearly it is likely that → likely it is possible that → possibly it would appear that → apparently of great importance → important on the order of → about owing to the fact that → because prior to → before reported in the literature → reported subsequent to → after