vivi讲义

VIP阅读讲义(1)Ⅰ. Common senseⅡ. Some MisunderstandingⅢ. Question Type①细节题②词义/句义题③推断题④主旨题⑤态度题⑥例证题⑦结构题From a macroscopic perspective （an analysis of reading comprehension from细节题1）普通细节题(非典型性)no obvious signs/unmarkedask 1) 2) 3)↓↓↓e.g. What plays a key role in making changes in a company?In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance toresearch partly because_______.What was the special advantage of the old type of suburb?The disappearance of old-style hotel porters can be attributed to the fact that________.The BBC dictionary differs from Oxford and Longman in that_________.According to the passage the problems of colleage education partly arise from the fact that_________.How did Mrs. Sifter get the attention of one of the author’s children? （06-2）练一练: 找出下面题干中的细节题1. Minority languages can be best preserved in _______2. According the paragraph 2,that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity inthe future is ______3. According to the author, bilingualism can help________.4. In the author's view, many endangered languages are___________.5. Computer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it______.6. Which of the following might serve as the title of this passage?7.The boy’s parents thought their son should be excused mainly because________.8. The phrase “borderline passing” (Line3, Para3) probably means_______.9. The sentence “once the situation is behind us, so are the promises” impliesthat________.10. According to the author, students commit plagiarism mainly for________.11. From Kris Carr's cancer tips we may infer that ________12. The phrase "cancer posse" (Line 4, para.3) probably refers to ________13. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?14. According to the author, the most interesting part of Mr.Nye's book lies in his_____.15. What does the passage mainly discuss?Ability—1)2)Solution—1）2)3）Passage 1Today, the computer has taken up appliance status in more than 42 percent of households across the United States. And these computers are increasingly being wired to the Internet. Online access was up more than 50 percent just the past year. Now, more than one quarter of all U.S households can surf in cyberspace.Mostly, this explosive growth has occurred democratically. The online penetration and computer ownership increases extend across all the demographic levels --by race, geography, income, and education.We view these trends as favorable without the slightest question because we clearly see computer technology as empowering. In fact, personal growth and a prosperous U.S. economy are considered to be the long range rewards of individual and collective technological power.Now for the not so good news. The government's analysis spells ou t so called digital divide. That is, the digital explosion is not booming at the some pace for everyone. Yes, it is true that we are all plugged in to a much greater degree than any of us have been in the past. But some of us are more plugged in than others and are getting plugged in far more rapidly. And this gap is widening even as the pace of the information age accelerate s through society.Computer ownership and Internet access are highly stratified along lines of wealth, race, education, and geography. The data indicates that computer ownership and online access is growing more rapidly among the most prosperous and well educated: essentially, wealthy white people with high school and collegediplomas and who are part of stable, two parent households.The highest income bracket households those earning more than $75,000 annually, are 20 times as likely to have access to the Internet as households at the lowest income levels, under $10,000 annually. The computer penetration rate at the high income level is an astounding 76.56 percent, compared with 8 percent at the bottom end of the scale.Technology access differs widely by educational level. College graduates are 16 times as likely to be Internet surfers at home as are those with only elementary school education. If you look at the differences between these groups in rural areas, the gap widens to a twenty six fold advantage for the college education.From the time of the last study, the information access gap grew by 29 percent between the highest and lowest income groups, and by 25 percent between the highest and the lowest education level.In the long run, participation in the information age may not be a zero sum game, where if some groups win, others must lose. Eventually, as the technology matures we are likely to see penetration levels approach all groups equally. This is true for telephone access and television ownership. But eventually can be cold comfort in an era when tomorrow is radically different from today and unrecognizable compared with yesterday.1. How many U.S. househoulds have linked to Internet today?A.More than 25 percentB.By 29 percentC.More than 42 percentD.More than 50 percent2. According to the text, the computer use by the high-income levelis__________that by the lowest income levels.A. 8 percent more thanB. 76.56 percent more thanC. nearly 10 times as many asD. about 20 times as many asPassage 2Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won't look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates. Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate(半文盲)Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational-repair shops—adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high-school graduates and high-school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school. They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.I will never forget a teacher who got the attention of one of my children by revealing the trump card of failure. Our youngest, a world-class charmer, did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by. Until Mrs. Stifter.Our son was high-school senior when he had her for English. “He sits in the back of the ro om talking to his friends.” she told me, “Why don't you move him to the front row? ” I urged, believing the embarrassment would get him to settle down. Mrs. Stifter said, "I don't move seniors. I flunk (使┅不及格) them. " Our son's academic life flashed before my eyes. No teacher had ever threatened him. By the time I got home I was feeling pretty good about this .It was a radical approach for these times, but, well, Why not? “She's going to flunk you.” I told my son.I did not discuss it any further. Suddenly English became a priority (头等重要) in his life. He finished out the semester with an A.I know one example doesn't make a case, but at night I see a parade of students who are angry for having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up. Of average intelligence or better, they eventually quit school, concluding they were too dumb to finish.” I should have been held back,” is a comment I hearfrequently. Even sadder are those students who are high-school graduates who say to me a fter a few weeks of class.” I don’t know how I ever got a high-school diploma.”Passing students who have not mastered the work cheats them and the employers who expect graduates to have basic skills. We excuse this dishonest behavior by saying kids can't learn if they come from terrible environments. No one seems to stop to think that most kids don't put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at risk. They'd rather be sailing.Many students I see at night have decided to make education a priority. They are motivated by the desire for a better job or the need to hang on to the one they've got. They have a healthy fear of failure.People of all ages can rise above their problems, but they need to have a reason to do so. Young people generally don't have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it. But fear of failure can motivate both.1. How dis Mrs. Stifter get the attention of one of the author’s children?A. Flunking himB. Moving his seatC. Blaming himD. Playing card with him2.The author believes that the most effective way for a teacher is to________.A.purify the teaching environmentsB.set up cooperation between teachers and parentsC.hold backD.motivate studentPassage 3Most human beings actually decide before they think. When any human being-executive, specialized expert, or person in the street - encounters a complex issue and forms an opinion, often within a matter of seconds, how thoroughly has he or she explored the implications of the various courses of action? Answer: not verythose who pride themselves on being decisive often try to do just that. And once their brains lock onto an opinion, most of their thinking thereafter consists of finding support for it.A very serious side effect of argumentative decision making can be a lack of support for the chosen course of action on the pat of the "losing" faction. When one faction wins the meeting and the others see themselves as losing, the battle often doesn't end when the meeting ends. Anger, resentment, and. jealousy may lead them to sabotage the decision later ,or to reopen the debate at later meetings.There is a better. As philosopher Aldous Huxley said, "It isn't who is right, but what is right, that counts."The structured-inquiry method offers a better alternative to argumentative decision making by debate. With the help of the Internet and wireless computer technology the gap between experts and executives is now being dramatically closed. By actually putting the brakes on the thinking process, slowing, it down, and organizing the flow of logic, it's possible to create a level of clarity that sheer argumentation can never match.The structured-inquiry process introduces a level of conceptual clarity by organizing the contributions of the experts, then brings the experts and the decision makers closer together. Although it isn't possible or necessary for a president or prime minister to listen in on every intelligence analysis meeting, it's possible to organize the experts' information to give the decision maker much greater insight as to its meaning. This process may somewhat resemble a marketing focus group; it's a simple, remarkably clever way to bring decision makers closer to the .source of the expert information and opinions on which they must base their decisions.1. From the first paragraph we can learn that________.A. executive, specialized expert, are no more clever than person in the streetB. very few people decide before they thinkC. those who pride themselves on being decisive often fail to do soD. people tend to consider carefully before making decisions2. According to the author, the function of the structured-inquiry method is________.A. to make decision by debateB. to apply the Internet and wireless computer technologyC. to brake on the thinking process, slowing it downD. to creat a level of conceptual clarity3. The structured-inquiry process can be useful for________.A. decision makersB. intelligence analysis meetingC. the expert’s informationD. marketing focus groupsPassage 4In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents (答问卷者)listed "to give children a good start academically" as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parentsIn the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.Like in America, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools.Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children's chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.1. Most Americans surveyed believe that preschools should also attachimportance to _________.A. problem solvingB. group experienceC. parental guidanceD. individually-oriented development2. In Japan's preschool education, the focus is on ___________.A. preparing children academicallyB. developing children's artistic interestsC. tapping children's potentialD. shaping children's character3. Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order toA. broaden children's horizonB. cultivate children's creativityC. lighten children's study loadD. enrich children's knowledge4. Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university: basedkindergartens?A. They can do better in their future studies.B. They can accumulate more group experience there.C. They can be individually oriented when they grow up.D. They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.HomeworkPassage 1Businesses put lots of time and money into new plans, programs and excellent employees with the hope things will change. Yet, at the end of the effort, not much changes. What happensIn most cases, those new plans, programs and employees enter a company with an existing culture (文化). And plans, programs and new employees have a way of conforming to(顺应)the existing culture. The culture of your business is the result of a particular mindset , or a particular way of thinking and the general feelings about certain things. Most often, it is the mindset of the founder or people managing the business.The founder has gotten to where he is because of his skill sets, knowledge base and personal beliefs, which unfortunately all come with inherent (固有的)limits. Why Skills, knowledge and beliefs come from what he or she already knows or has experienced. In other words, it comes from the past. We ( people) try to make the past fit the future. Just because something worked in the past, doesn't mean it is suitable for the future. As the saying goes, if you do and think what you have always done and thought, you will have what you have always had.Therefore, lasting changes have to start with the way people think. To make changes in the way you think, you will be required ta set goals beyond your basicabilities and continuously think them through. It is a way to train yourself and people to get out of the comfort zone where you feel happy with your knowledge and skills. 1．Where does the business culture mainly come from？A．The founderB．The progressC．The new employeeD．The collective effort2．What does the author think about the mindset of the company leader？A．It can prevent the enrichment of experienceB．It is useful far skill and knowledge learningC．It is important for personal beliefs build-upD．It may limit the company's development3．What plays a key role in making changes in a company？A．Making a breakthrough in the way people thingB．Training people to be able to face hardshipC．Setting clearer goals for employeeD．Making the past fit the futurePassage 2I have had just about enough of being treated like a second-class citizen, simply because I happened to be that put upon member of society-a customer. The more I go into shops and hotels, banks and post offices, railway stations, airports and the like, the more I’m convinced that things are being run solely to suit the firm, the system, or the union. There seems to be a new motto (座右铭) for the so-called ‘service’ organization-Staff Before Service. How often, for example, have you queued for what seems like hours at the Post Office or the supermarket because there aren’t enough staff on duty at all the service counters? Surely in these days of high unemployment it must be possible to increase counter staff. Yet supermarkets, hinting darkly at higherprices, claim that bringing all their cash registers into operation at any time would increase expenses. And the Post Office says we cannot expect all their service counters to be occupied ‘at times when demand is low’.It’s the same with hotels. Because waiters and kitchen staff must finish when it suits them, dining rooms close earlier or menu choice is diminished. As for us guests (and how the meaning of that word has been cut away little by little), we just have to put up with it. There’s also the nonsense of so many friendly hotel night porters having been gradually with drawn from service in the interests of ‘efficiency’ (i.e. profits) and replaced by coin-eating machines which supply everything from beer to medicine, not to mention the creeping threat of the tea-making set in your room: a kettle with teabags, milk bags sugar. Who wants to wake up to a raw teabag? I don’t, especially when I am paying for ‘service’.Our only hope is to hammer our irritation whenever and wherever we can and, if all else fails, restore that other, older saying-Take Our Custom (买卖) Elsewhere.1. The author feels that nowadays customers are ________.A) not worthy of special treatmentB) not provided with proper serviceC) considered to be inferior members of societyD) regarded as privileged2. In the author’s opinion, the quality of service is changing because ________.A) the staff are less considerate than employersB) customers are becoming more demandingC) customers unwilling to pay extra moneyD) more consideration is given to the staff than customers3 According to the author, long queues at counters are caused by ________.A) the diminishing supply of good staffB) lack of cooperation among staffC) inefficient staffD) deliberate understaffing4 The disappearance of old-style hotel porters can be attributed to the fact that________.A) self-service provides a cheaper alternativeB) the personal touch is less appreciated nowadaysC) machines are more reliable than human beingsD) few people are willing to do this type of workKEY:Passage 1 ADA Passage 2BDDA。

高考英语总复习第11讲第一部分词汇精讲重点词汇1. abuse [əˈbju:s] v.滥用；虐待2. violate[ˈvaɪəleɪt] vt.违反；违背；侵犯；践踏3. extend [ɪkˈstend] vt.延长vi.延伸；绵延4. rob [rɒb] vt.& vi. 抢劫；抢夺；掠夺5. foresee [fɔ:ˈsi:] vt.预见6. wipe [waɪp] v.擦；擦去；消除7. invest [ɪnˈvest] vt.投资8. spill [spɪl] v. 溢出9. fold [fəʊld] vi.&vt. 折叠10. controversial [ˌkɒntrəˈvɜ:ʃl] adj.有争议的11. content ['kɒntent] n.内容；目录；满足；容量12. slide [slaɪd] vi.滑落；打滑13. defend [dɪˈfend] vt.&vi.辩护；防守；保卫14. In general adv.通常；一般而言15. wonder[ˈwʌndə(r)] vt.想知道vi.吃惊n.奇迹16. contribute[kənˈtrɪbju:t] vt.&vi 贡献；捐赠17. sense [sens] vt.感觉；理会；n.感觉；意识；观念18. approve [əˈpru:v] vt.&vi.赞成；同意19. considerate[kənˈsɪdərət] adj. 体贴的，体谅的; 深思熟虑;20. strict[strɪkt] adj.精确的; 绝对的; 严格的，严谨的;词汇精讲1.abuse [əˈbju:s] v.滥用；虐待1)滥用：abuse one’s power；abuse drugs2)虐待：abuse the child；a much abused wife一个被虐待的妻子2.violate [ˈvaɪəleɪt] vt.违反；违背；侵犯；践踏1)违反：violate an agreement 违反协议（同义词：break；disobey）2)践踏，侵犯：violate sb's privacy 侵犯个人隐私3.extend [ɪkˈstend] vt.延长vi.延伸；绵延1)the road extends for miles2)extend as far as 延伸至Our playing fields extend as far as those trees.3)extend my visa延长签证4)extended one’s hand to sb：He entered and extended his hand to me5)the extended family；the nuclear family4.rob [rɒb] vt.& vi. 抢劫；抢夺；掠夺核心词组：steal sth from sb；rob sb of sthI was robbed of my cellphone I was robbed of my cellphone.The cats robbed me of my sleep.5.foresee [fɔ:ˈsi:] vt.预见foresee-foresaw-foreseen1)Predict: It's hard to predict what he will do next2)Forecast: Newspapers forecast that Davis would be re-elected.3)Foresee: No one foresaw the Great Depression of the thirties.6. wipe [waɪp] v.擦；擦去；消除1)You wash the dishes and I'll wipe the tableou wash the dishes and I'll wipe the table.2)wipe out 清除抹掉彻底毁灭清除，抹掉，彻底毁灭My memory of the activity will never be wiped out.7.invest [ɪnˈvest] vt.投资核心词组：invest time/energy (in) doing 费尽心血做，花(大量）时间，精力做…I invested time in learning English.8.spill [spɪl] v. 溢出spill; split; spit; spray; pour(1)She ed some milk into the glass(1)She _____ed some milk into the glass(2)An oil truck had crashed, _____ing its load all over the road.(3)S h d d bl i t hi(3)Someone had _____ed blue paint over his car.(4)She was _____ing logs with an axe.(5)In many countries it is considered rude to _____in public.9. fold [fəʊld] vi.&vt. 折叠1) fold sb in the arms 把某人拥入怀里2）派生重点词汇：unfold= developAs the film unfolds we learn more about his childhood As the film unfolds,we n more about his childhood.10.controversial [ˌkɒntrəˈvɜ:ʃl] adj.有争议的常见搭配：a controversial person； a controversial book11.content ['kɒntent] n.内容；目录；满足；容量同义词组：Be happy with；Be pleased with；Be satisfied with；Be content with；Be fulfilled withHe is content to remain where he is now.Although Barry was poor he was basically content with his life12.slide [slaɪd] vi.滑落；打滑1)Slide：Children were sliding around on the icy sidewalks2)Slip：He abruptly slipped on the ice.13. defend [dɪˈfend] vt.&vi.辩护；防守；保卫同义词组：defend sb from/aginst；protect sb from/against；Shelter sb from/against；Safeguard sb from/against 14.In general adv.通常；一般而言同义词：generally；in most casesn most cases；most of the time；on the whole；mostlyIn general parents care more about their children’s health than about In general, parents care more about their children’s health than about their own.15.wonder [ˈwʌndə(r)] vt.想知道vi.吃惊n.奇迹1)核心词组：I was wondering…2)想知道：Your parents will wonder where you are.3)吃惊：Sometimes I wonder at his behaviour.16. contribute [kənˈtrɪbju:t] vt.&vi 贡献；捐赠1)contribute sth to…: They would like to contribute1 million dollars to charity.2)contribute to : Smoking contributes to cancer.17. sense [sens] vt.感觉；理会；n.感觉；意识；观念1)a sense of2)make (no) sense: What you say makes no sense3)it make sense (for sb) to do sth: It makes sense to save money while you are young.4)make sense of: Can you make sense of this poem?5)in a sense :What he says is right in a sense.18. approve [əˈpru:v] vt.&vi.赞成；同意1)批准：The conference approved a proposal.2)approve of 支持，赞同He doesn't approve of smoking.19. considerate [kənˈsɪdərət] adj. 体贴的，体谅的; 深思熟虑;It was very considerate of you to let us know you were going to be late.We've saved a considerable amount of money. 相当大的20.strict [strɪkt] adj.精确的; 绝对的; 严格的，严谨的;1)be strict with sb2)be strict about sth第二部分：语法（主谓一致）（一）主谓一致是指：1) 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

SJF2410烧写VIVI安装与说明
1．安装好J-LINK仿真器驱动。

2．将光盘里的“SJF”文件夹拷贝到PC机的硬盘里，如D盘，后面的操作都以D盘的路径为例讲解。

3．单击开始菜单的运行进入DOS命令提示界面
6．在命令提示界面里输入“cmd”，即进入DOS界面。

4．进入D盘的SJF文件里
注意：如果ARM9板内没有VIVI或者U-BOOT时，请直接按第6步进行，如果有的话，请从第5步开始进行。

5．用串开线将CPU板与PC连好，再打开超级终端并进入VIVI状态，具体方法是，同时按住CPU板的复位键和PC机的空格键，然后松开CPU板的复位键，请可进入VIVI状态；如下图：
6．然后将所要烧写的VIVI或者hardboot.bin等文件放到D:\SJF里，在上面第4步里输入SJFI2410.exe /f:文件名，如下图烧VIVI的界面
7．接着输入0，然后再回车，紧接着再输入0，回车，再接着输入0 ，回车；就会出现下面界面
至此将VIVI 文件烧录到FLASH 里了，以后上电在串口里就能看到信息了。

串口的具体设置请参考实验箱的指导书。

六级暑假阅读词汇基础讲义【第一课：词汇部分】concoct vt.捏造；混合而制dual-core processor双核处理器octet processorinterface n.界面octopus八爪鱼decade n.十年decent adj.得体的；相当好的indecent adj.下流的；不礼貌的pocket n.口袋；钱vt.隐藏；忍受specification n.规格；说明书；详述laptop n.膝上型轻便电脑，笔记本电脑application n.应用,申请,志愿书,应用程序n.[计]应用,应用程序device n.装置,设计,设备plug n.塞子,栓,插头vt.插入,塞住,接插头vi.被塞住wireless n.无线电 a.无线的,无线电的expand vt./vi.使膨胀,详述,扩张incident n.事件，事变incidence n.发生率；影响；incidentally adv.伴随地,偶然,顺便Millennials n.千禧世代；千禧一代proverbial a.谚语的,谚语式的,众所周知的norm n.基准,模范,标准,准则normal adj.正常的；正规的deliver vt.递送,释放sens/sent:感觉sensor n.传感器consent v./n.同意consensus n.一致dissent vi./n.不同意resent vt.憎恨nonsense n.胡话automation n.自动化,自动操作intelligent adj.聪明的,智能的,了解的quotient n.商quota n.定额；限额facility n.设备unprecedented a.空前的rapidly adv.飞快地,迅速地,赶紧地extract n.摘录,选段vt.取出,榨取,摘录leverage n.杠杆作用,杠杆装置,杠杆效率access n.通路,入口,接近,进入,使用权,发作vt.访问,存取,接近,使用drama n.戏剧，戏剧性事件dramatically adv.戏剧地,引人注目地serve vt.招待，供应；为...服务vi.服役，服务，发球n.发球capacity n.容量,能力,才能,资格widespre ad adj.广布的,普及的operation n.操作,动作,手术embrace n.拥抱vt./vi.拥抱,互相拥抱profitable adj.有利润的,有利益的,赚钱的ordinary a.平常的,普通的,平凡的n.平常的人subordinate n.部属，下属adj.从属的coordinate vt.协调adj.协调的n.坐标tango n.探戈tangible a.可触摸的,有实体的,有形的intangible adj.adj.无形的，难以理解的【第一课：文章部分】Our world now moves so fast that we seldom stop to see just how far we have come in just a few years.The latest iPhone6s,for example,has a dual-core processor and fits nicely into your pocket.By comparison,you would expect to find a technological specification like this on your standard laptop in an office anywhere in the world.It’s no wonder shat new applications for the Internet of Things are moving ahead fast when almost every new device we buy has a plug on the end of it or a wireless connection to the internet.Soon,our current smartphone lifestyle will expand to create our own smart home lifestyle too.All researches agree that close to25billion devices,things and sensors will be connected by2020which incidentally is also the moment that Millennials(千禧一代)are expected to make up75percent of our overall workforce,and the fully connected home become a reality for large numbers of people worldwide.However,this is just the tip of the proverbial iceberg as smart buildings and even cities increasingly become the norm as leaders and business owners begin to wake up to the massive savings that technology can deliver through connected sensors and new forms of automation coupled with intelligent energy and facilities management.Online security cameras,intelligent lighting and a wealth of sensors that control both temperature and air quality are offering an unprecedented level of control,efficiency,and improvements to what were once classed necessary costs when running a business or managing a large building.We can expect that the ever-growing list of devices,systems and environments remain connected,always online and talking to each other.The big benefit will not only be in the housing of this enormous and rapidly growing amount of data, but will also be in the ability to run real time data analytics to extract actionable and ongoing knowledge.The biggest and most exciting challenge of this technology is how to creatively leverage this ever-growing amount of data to deliver cost savings,improvements and tangible benefits to both businesses and citizens of these smart cities.The good news is that most of this technology is already invented.Let's face it,it wasn't too long ago that the idea of working from anywhere and at anytime was some form of a distant utopian(乌托邦式的)dream,and yet now we can perform almost any office-based task from any location in the world as long as we have access to the internet.It's time to wake up to the fact that making smart buildings,cities and homes will dramatically improve our quality of life in the years ahead.51.What does the example of iPhone6s serve to show?A)The huge capacity of the smartphones people now use.B)The widespread use of smartphones all over the world.C)The huge impact of new technology on people's everyday life.D)The rapid technological progress in a very short period of time.52.What can we expect to see by the year2020?A)Apps for the internet of Things.C)The emergence of Millennials.B)The popularization of smart homes.D)Total globalization of the world.53.What will business owners do when they become aware of the benefits of the internet of Things?A)Employ fewer workers in their operations.B)Gain automatic control of their businesses.C)Invest in more smart buildings and cities.D)Embrace whatever new technology there is.54.What is the most exciting challenge when we possess more and more data?A)How to turn it to profitable use.C)How to link the actionable systems.B)How to do real time data analysis.D)How to devise new ways to store it.55.What does the author think about working from anywhere and at anytime?A)It is feasible with a connection to the internet.B)It will thrive in smart buildings,cities and homes.C)It is still a distant utopian dream for ordinary workers.D)It will deliver tangible benefits to both boss and worker.【第二课：词汇部分】photography n.摄影；摄影术photic adj.光的；发光的photophobia n.畏光photosynthesis n.光合作用geography地理telegraph电报biography传记calligraphy书法Callisto大熊星座laborious adj.艰苦的；费劲的；勤劳的ordeal n.折磨；严酷的考验infinite adj.无限的definite adj.确定的companion n.同伴；朋友；指南；手册document n.文件vt.记录file n.文件vt.提出profile n.简况high-profile adj.高调的；备受瞩目的interrupt vt./vi.中断；打断associate vt.联想，联系fellow adj.同类的，同伴的n.同事，朋友embark vi.上船/飞机;开始从事presence n.存在；出席；参加absence n.没有；缺乏；缺席absent-minded adj.心不在焉的；健忘的slight adj.轻微的，少量的blight vi.枯萎n.枯萎double-decker bus n.双层巴士forbade vt.禁止（forbid的过去式）digital adj.数字的heighten vt./vi.提高；增高eye-tracking glasses眼球追踪眼镜relief n.减轻relieve vt.减轻belief n.相信believe vt.相信receive vt.收到；接待reception n.接待；接收recipient n.接受者blue-ribbon adj.第一流的；头等的hang onto紧紧抓住，依附immerse vt.沉浸emerge vi.出现submerge v.淹没；潜水adj.在水下的emergency n.出现，急诊immersed adj.浸入的；专注的satisfy vt./vi.令人满意；令人满足erode vt.腐蚀erotic adj.色情的n.好色之徒Mars n.火星march vt./n.行军snap vt./vi.突然折断，拉断；猛咬engaged adj.忙碌的；使用中的；已订婚的vt.吸引，占用vi.从事；参与painstaking adj.艰苦的；勤勉的；小心的n.辛苦；勤勉luxury n.奢侈，奢华；奢侈品；享受adj.奢侈的master n.主人；大师vt.精通；控制enrich vt.使充实；使肥沃；使富足distract vt.转移；分心absorb vt.吸收；吸引；理解derive vt./vi.源于amentia n.智力缺陷demented adj.失去理智的mentation n.心智活动【第二课：文章部分】Photography was once an expensive,laborious ordeal reserved for life's greatest milestones.Now,the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion's patience.But is there another cost,a deeper cost,to documenting a life experience instead of simply enjoying it?"You hear that you shouldn't take all these photos and interrupt the experience,and it's bad for you,and we're not living in the present moment,"says Kristin Diehl,associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true,so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing people's enjoyment in the presence or absence of a camera.The results,published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,surprised them.Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they're doing more,not less."What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently,because you're looking for things you want to capture,that you may want to hang onto,"Diehl explains."That gets people more engaged in the experience,and they tend to enjoy it more."Take sightseeing.In one experiment,nearly200participants boarded a double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of cell phones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the experience significantly more,and said they were more engaged,than those who didn't.Snapping a photo directs attention,which heightens the pleasure you get from whatever you're looking at,Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological(考古的)museums,where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not."People look longer at things they want to photograph,"Diehl says.They report liking the exhibits more,too.To the relief of Instagrammers(Instagram用户)everywhere,it can even make meals more enjoyable.When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch,they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren't told to take photos.Was it the satisfying click of the camera?The physical act of the snap?No,they found;just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect."If you want to take mental photos,that works the same way,"Diehl says."Thinking about what you would want to photograph also gets you more engaged."51.What does the author say about photo-taking in the past?A)It was a painstaking effort for recording life's major events.B)It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.C)It was a good way to preserve one's precious images.D)It was a skill that required lots of practice to master52.Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out_______.A)what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takersB)whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeingC)how it could help to enrich people's life experiencesD)whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing53.What do the results of Diehl's experiments show about people taking pictures?A)They are distracted from what they are doing.B)They can better remember what they see or do.C)They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.D)They can have a better understanding of the world.54.What is found about museum visitors with the aid of eye-tracking glasses?A)They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.B)They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.C)They have a better view of what are on display.D)They follow the historical events more easily.55.What do we learn from the last paragraph?A)It is better to make plans before taking photos.B)Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.C)Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.D)Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.【第三课：词汇部分】notoriously adv.众所周知地;声名狼藉地inedible adj.不能吃的foodie n.吃货treaty n.条约contract n.契约，合同unreliable a.不可靠的liable a.有责任的，有义务的quantify vi.量化qualify vi.取得资格hover vi./n.盘旋，徘徊acquaintance n.熟人；相识；了解accquire vt.获得；取得overestimate vt.对……评价过高underestimate vt.低估overvalue vt.对…估价过高undervalue vt.低估……的价值massive a.大量的overweight adj.超重的outweigh vt.比……重remarkable a.卓越的，非凡的vigil n.监视，警戒vigilance n.警戒，警觉invigilate v.监视，监考invigilator n.监考人surveillance n.监督，监视contemporary art当代艺术constrain vt.束缚constraint n.约束scale up扩大规模large-scale大规模的accuracy n.精确度precision n.精度dip v.浸，下沉dig vt.挖digital adj.数字的digital literacy数字素养format n.格式formula n.公式，准则transform vt.改变，变化contain v.包含；控制；容纳retain vt.保持detain vt.拘留；耽搁unreliable adj.不可靠的；靠不住的tough adj.牢固的；强壮的，困难的rough adj.粗糙的；粗略的；粗野的recall vt.召回；回想起，记起；取消n.召回；回忆；撤消acquire vt.获得；取得；学到acquaintance n.熟人；相识address n.演讲，致辞vt.设法解决；演说contemporary adj.当代的scary adj.可怕的；恐怖的；吓人的【第三课：文章部分】Human memory is notoriously unreliable.Even people with the sharpest facial-recognition skills can only remember so much.It's tough to quantify how good a person is at remembering.No one really knows how many different faces someone can recall,for example,but various estimates tend to hover in the thousands-based on the number of acquaintances aperson might have.Machines aren't limited this way.Give the right computer a massive database of faces,and it can process what it sees-then recognize a face it's told to find-with remarkable speed and precision.This skill is what supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the2lst century.It's also what makes contemporary surveillance systems so scary.The thing is,machines still have limitations when it comes to facial recognition.And scientists are only just beginning to understand what those constraints are.To begin to figure out how computers are struggling,researchers at the University of Washington created a massive database of faces---they call it MegaFace and tested a variety of facial-recognition algorithms(算法)as they scaled up in complexity.The idea was to test the machines on a database that included up to1million different images of nearly700,000different people---and not just a large database featuring a relatively small number of different faces,more consistent with what's been used in other research.As the databases grew,machine accuracy dipped across the board.Algorithms that were right95%of the time when they were dealing with a13,000-image database,for example,were accurate about70%of the time when confronted with 1million images.That's still pretty good,says one of the researchers,Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman."Much better than we expected,"she said.Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alike-either doppelgangers(长相极相似的人),whom the machine would have trouble identifying as two separate people,or the same person who appeared in different photos at different ages or in different lighting,whom the machine would incorrectly view as separate people."Once we scale up,algorithms must be sensitive to tiny changes in identities and at the same time invariant to lighting,pose,age,"Kemelmacher-Shlizerman said.The trouble is,for many of the researchers who'd like to design systems to address these challenges,massive datasets for experimentation just don't exist--at least,not in formats that are accessible to academic researchers.Training sets like the ones Google and Facebook have are private.There are no public databases that contain millions of faces.MegaFace's creators say it's the largest publicly available facial-recognition dataset out there.“An ultimate face recognition algorithm should perform with billions of people in a dataset,”the researchers wrotepared with human memory,machines can.A)identify human faces more efficientlyB)tell a friend from a mere acquaintanceC)store an unlimited number of human facesD)perceive images invisible to the human eye47.Why did researchers create MegaFace?A)To enlarge the volume of the facial-recognition databaseB)To increase the variety of facial-recognition softwareC)To understand computers'problems with facial recognitionD)To reduce the complexity of facial-recognition algorithms48.What does the passage say about machine accuracy?A)It falls short of researchers'expectations.B)It improves with added computing power.C)It varies greatly with different algorithms.D)It decreases as the database size increases.49.What is said to be a shortcoming of facial-recognition machines?A)They cannot easily tell apart people with near-identical appearances.B)They have difficulty identifying changes in facial expressionsC)They are not sensitive to minute changes in people's moodD)They have problems distinguishing people of the same age50.What is the difficulty confronting researchers of facial-recognition machines?A)No computer is yet able to handle huge datasets of human facesB)There do not exist public databases with sufficient face samplerC)There are no appropriate algorithms to process the face samplesD)They have trouble converting face datasets into the right format.【第四课：词汇部分】plunge vi./vt.使陷入n.突然跌落rescue vt.营救generalist n.多面手specialist n.专家vivid adj.生动的survive v.幸存revival n.复活vigor n.活力vigorous adj.精力充沛的vitamin n.维他命approach n./vt./vi.接近vt.处理scream vt./vi.尖叫cream n.奶油，精华，面霜calculate v.计算；打算count v.重要，数数cultivate vt.培养culture n.文化，文明vt.培养evade vt/vi.逃脱；逃避invade vt./vi.侵略wade vi.跋涉counterpart n.极相似的人或物encounter v.遭遇counterbalance v.抵消morality n.道德，品行virtue n.美德conflict vi./n.冲突inflict vt.造成affliction n.痛苦morality n.道德；品行，美德loophole n.漏洞peril n.危险；冒险imperil vt.危及；使陷于危险choke vt.呛；使窒息vi.窒息；阻塞divorce n.离婚；分离soldier n.军人solid adj.固体的；可靠的consolidate vt./vi.巩固abstract a.抽象的n.抽象；摘要code n.代码，密码scenario n.情节scene n.场景duty n.责任；[税收]关税customs n.海关；风俗assess vt.评定；估价highlight vt.突出；强调emphasize vt.强调underline vt.强调underpin vt.巩固；支持odds n.机率probability n.机率adventure novel历险小说detective novel侦探小说erotic novel艳情小说fan fiction同人小说ghost novel灵异小说mystery novel悬疑小说science fiction科幻小说complication n.复杂sophisticated adj.复杂的【第四课：文章部分】In the beginning of the movie l,Robot,a robot has to decide whom to save after two cars plunge into the water-Del Spooner or a child.Even though Spooner screams“Save her Save her!”the robot rescues him because it calculates that he has a45percent chance of survival compared to Sarah's11percent.The robot's decision and its calculated approach raise an important question:would humans make the same choice?And which choice would we want our robotic counterparts to make?Isaac Asimov evaded the whole notion of morality in devising his three laws of robotics,which hold that1.Robots cannot harm humans or allow humans to come to harm;2.Robots must obey humans,except where the order would conflict with law1;and3.Robots must act in self-preservation,unless doing so conflicts with laws1or2.These laws are programmed into Asimov's robots-they don't have to think,judge,or value.They don't have to like humans or believe that hurting them is wrong or bad.They simply don't do it.The robot who rescues Spooner’s life in I,Robot follows Asimov's zero th law:robots cannot harm humanity(as opposed to individual humans)or allow humanity to come to harm--an expansion of the first law that allows robots to determine what's in the greater good.Under the first law,a robot could not harm a dangerous gunman,but under the zero th law,a robot could kill the gunman to save others.Whether it's possible to program a robot with safeguards such as Asimov's laws is debatable A word such as"harm"is vague(what about emotional harm?Is replacing a human employ harm?),and abstract concepts present coding problems. The robots in Asimov's fiction expose complications and loopholes in the three laws,and even when the laws work,robots still have to assess situations.Assessing situations can be complicated.A robot has to identify the players,conditions,and possible outcomes for various scenarios,It’s doubtful that a computer program can do that-at least,not without some undesirable results.A roboticist at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory programmed a robot to save human proxies(替身)called"H-bots"from danger. When one H-bot headed for danger,the robot successfully pushed it out of the way.But when two H-bots became imperiled, the robot choked42percent of the time,unable to decide which to save and letting them both"die."The experiment highlights the importance of morality:without it,how can a robot decide whom to save or what's best for humanity, especially if it can't calculate survival odds?46.What question does the example in the movie raise?A)Whether robots can reach better decisions.B)Whether robots follow Asimov's zero"law.C)How robots may make bad judgments.D)How robots should be programmed.47.What does the author think of Asimov’s three laws of robotics?A)They are apparently divorced from reality.B)They did not follow the coding system of robotics.C)They laid a solid foundation for robotics.D)They did not take moral issues into consideration.48.What does the author say about Asimov's robots?A)They know what is good or bad for human beings.B)They are programmed not to hurt human beings.C)They perform duties in their owners'best interest.D)They stop working when a moral issue is involved.1149.What does the author want to say by mentioning the word"harm"in Asimov's laws?A)Abstract concepts are hard to program.B)It is hard for robots to make decisions.C)Robots may do harm in certain situations.D)Asimov's laws use too many vague terms.50.What has the roboticist at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory found in his experiment?A)Robots can be made as intelligent as human beings some day.B)Robots can have moral issues encoded into their program.C)Robots can have trouble making decisions in complex scenarios.D)Robots can be programmed to perceive potential perils.12。