2020年考研英语（一）试题
SectionⅠUse of English
Directions：
Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on theANSWER SHEET.(10points)
Even if families are lesslikely to sit down to eat together than was once the case,millions of Britonswill none the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nation's greattraditions:the Sunday roast.__1__a cold winter's day,few culinary pleasurescan__2__it.Yet as we report now,the food police are determined that this__3__should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure__4__ to damage ourhealth.
The Food Standards Authority(FSA)has__5__a public warning about the risks of a compound calledacrylamide that forms in some foods cooked__6__ high temperatures.This meansthat people should__7__crisping their roast potatoes,spurn thin-crust pizzasand only__8__toast their bread.But where is the evidence to support suchalarmist advice?__9__studies have shown that acrylamide can causeneurological damage in mice,there is no__10__evidence that it causes cancerin humans.
Scientists say the compound is"__11__to be carcinogenic"but have no hard scientific proof.__12__the precautionary principle,it could be argued that it is __13__to follow theFSA advice.__14__,it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years beforethe evidence was found to prove a__15__.
Doubtless a piece of boiledbeef can always be__16__up on Sunday alongside some steamedvegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worthliving?__17__,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods__18__,but to reduce their lifetime intake.However,their __19__risks comingacross as exhortation and nannying.Constant health scares just__20__with noone listening.
1.A In B Towards C On D Till
2.A match B express C satisfyD influence
3.A patience B enjoyment Csurprise D concern
4.A intensified B privilegedC compelled D guaranteed
5.A issued B received Cignored D canceled
6.A under B at C for D by
7.A forget B regret C finishD avoid
8.A partially B regularly Ceasily D initially
9.A Unless B Since C If DWhile
10.A secondary B external Cinconclusive D negative
11.A insufficient B bound Clikely D slow
12.A On the basis of B At thecost of C In addition to D In contrast to
13.A interesting B advisableC urgent D fortunate
14.A As usual B In particularC By definition D After all
15.A resemblance Bcombination C connection D pattern
16.A made B served C saved Dused
17.A To be fair B Forinstance C To be brief D in general
18.A reluctantly B entirely Cgradually D carefully
19.A promise B experience Ccampaign D competition
20.A follow up B pick up Copen up D end up
SectionⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points) Text1
A group of labour MPs,among them Yvette Cooper,are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK"town of culture"award.The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title,which was held by Hull in2017and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1.Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,where it brought in￡220m of
investment and an avalanche of arts,out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town,it is true are not prevented from applying,but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions.A town of culture award could,it is argued,become an annual event,attracting funding and creating jobs.
Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture,a sough-after award bagged by Glasgow in1990and Liverpool in 2008.A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world:after town of culture,who knows that will follow-village of culture?Suburb of culture?Hamlet of culture?
It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all.A badly run"year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide,bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year.They transform the aspirations of the people who live there;they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right,and requires a remarkable degree of vision,as well as cooperation between city authorities,the private sector,community.groups and cultural organisations.But it can be done:Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art,music and theatre that it remains today.
A"town of culture"could be not just about the arts but about honoring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street,supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.
21.Copper and her colleagueargue that a"town of culture"award would ___.
A.consolidate the town cityties in Britain
B.promote cooperation amongBrain's towns
C.increase the economicstrength of Brain's towns
D.focus Brain's limitedresources on cultural events.
22.According to paragraph2,the proposal might be regarded by some as ______..
A.a sensible compromise
B.a self-deceiving attempt
C.an eye-catching bonus
D.an inaccessible target
23.The author suggests that atitle holder is successful only if it______
A.endeavor to maintain itsimage
B.meets the aspiration of itspeople
C.brings its local arts toprominence
https://www.doczj.com/doc/e23117375.html,mits to its long-termgrowth
24.“Glasgow”is mentioned inParagraph3to present______
A.a contrasting case
B.a supporting example
C.a background story
D.a related topic
25.What is the author'sattitude towards the proposal?
A.Skeptical
B.Objective
C.Favorable
D.Critical
Text2
Scientific publishing has longbeen a licence to print money.Scientists need joumals in which to publish
their research,so they willsupply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform thespecialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central elementin the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.
With the content of paperssecured for free,the publisher needs only fnd a market for its journal.Untilthis century,university libraries were not very price sensitive.Scientificpublishers routinely report profit margins approaching40%
on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.
The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish25%of the scientific papers produced in the world,madeprofits of more than￡900m last year,while UK universities alone spent morethan￡210m in2016toenable researchers to access their own publicly fundedresearch;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperateefforts to change them.
The most drastic,andthoroughly illegal,reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub,a kind of globalphotocopier for scientific papers,set up in2012, which now claims to offeraccess to every paywalled article published since 2015.The success of Sci-Hub,which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legallyaccessed,shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users andmust be transformed so that it works for all participants.
In Britain the move towardsopen access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it hasbeen very successful.More than half of all British scientific research is nowpublished under open access terms:either freely available from the moment ofpublication,or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make aprofit before being placed on general release.
Yet the new system has notworked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to thedemand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writersfees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around￡500to$5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions andof these’’article preparation costs’’had been steadily rising at arate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resemblesthe economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for thehope of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run themarket places.In both cases,we need a rebalancing of power.
26.Scientific publishing isseen as“a licence to print money"partly because________
[A]its funding has enjoyed asteady increase.
[B]its marketing strategy hasbeen successful.
[C]its payment for peerreview is reduced.
[D]its content acquisitioncosts nothing.
27.According to Paragraphs2and3,scientific publishers Elsevier have________
[A]thrived mainly onuniversity libraries.
[B]gone through anexistential crisis.
[C]revived the publishingindustry.
[D]financed researchersgenerously.
28.How does the author feelabout the success of Sci-Hub?
[A]Relieved.
[B]Puzzled.
[C]Concerned
[D]Encouraged.
29.It can be learned fromParagraphs5and6that open access terms________
[A]allow publishers some roomto make money.
[B]render publishing mucheasier for scientists.
[C]reduce the cost ofpublication substantially.
[D]free universities fromfinancial burdens.
30.Which of the followingcharacterises the scientific publishing model?
[A]Trial subscription isoffered.
[B]Labour triumphs overstatus.
[C]Costs are well controlled.
D]The few feed on the many.
Text3
Progressives often supportdiversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field.But all too often such policies are an insincere
form of virtue-signaling thatbenefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.
A pair of bills sponsored byMassachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore PatriciaHaddad,to ensure"gender parity"on boards and commissions,providea case in point.
Haddad and Lewis are concernedthat more than half the state-government boards are less than40percentfemale.In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities,theyhave proposed imposing government quotas.If the bills become law,state boardsand commissions will be required to set aside50 percent of board seats forwomen by2022.
The bills are similar to ameasure recently adopted in Califomia,which last year became the first stateto require gender quotas for private companies.In signing the measure,California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifiespeople on the basis of sex,is probably unconstitutional.
The US Supreme Court frowns onsex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an"important"policy interest,Because the California law applies toall boards,even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts arelikely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of"equal protection".
But are such governmentmandates even necessary?Female participation on corporate boards may notcurrently mirror the pereentage of women in the general population,but sowhat?
The number of women oncorporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference.According to a study by Catalyst,between 2010and2015the share of women onthe boards of global corporations increased by54percent.
Requiring companies to makegender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead toless experienced private sector boards.That is exactly what happened whenNorway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.
Wrting in The New Republic,Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for boardmembership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on suchboards has led to a"golden skirt"phenomenon,where the same clitewomen scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.
Next time somebody pushescorporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policiesare largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but dolitle to help average women.
31.The author believes thatthe bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad wills________
[A]help little to reducegender bias.
[B]pose a threat to the stategovernment.
[C]raise women's position inpolitics.
[D]greatly broaden careeroptions.
32.Which of the following istrue of the California measure?
[A]It has irritated privatebusiness owners.
[B]It is welcomed by theSupreme Court,
[C]It may go against theConstitution.
[D]It will settle the priorcontroversies.
33.The author mentions thestudy by Catalyst to ilustrate____
[A]the harm from arbitraryboard decision.
[B]the importance ofconstitutional guaranees.
[C]the pressure on women inglobal corporations.
[D]the needlessness ofgovernment interventions.
34.Norway's adoption of anationwide corporate gender quota has led to____
[A]the underestimation ofelite women's role.
[B]the objection to femaleparticipation on boards.
[C]the entry of unqualifiedcandidates into the board.
[D]the growing tensionbetween labor and management.
35.Which of the following canbe inferred from the text?
[A]Women's need in employmentshould be considered.
[B]Feasibility should be aprime concern in policymaking.
[C]Everyone should try hardto promote social justice.
[D]Major social issues shouldbe the focus of legislation.
Text4
Last Thursday,the FrenchSenate passed a digital services tax,which would impose an entirely new tax
on large multinationals thatprovide digital services to consumers or users in France.Digital servicesinclude everything from providing a platform for selling goods and servicesonline to targeting advertising based on user data,and the tax applies togross revenue from such servces.Many French politicians and media outlets havereferred to this as a“GAFA tax,"meaning that it is designed to applyprimarily to companies such as Google,Apple,Facebook and Amazon-in otherwords,multiational tech companies based in the United States.
The digital services tax nowawaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron,who has expressed supportfor the measure,and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But ithas already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates traderepresentative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminatesagainst American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions againstFrance.
The French tax is not just aunilateral move by one country in need of revenue.Instead,the digitalservices tax is part of a much larger trend,with countries over the past fewyears proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international taxprovisions.These have included Britain's DPT(diverted profits tax),Australia's MAAL(multinational antiavoidance law),and India's SEP(significant economic presence)test,to name but a few.At the same time, theEuropean Union,Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriouslycontemplated digital services taxes.
These unilateral developmentsdiffer in their specifics,but they are all designed to tax multinationals onincome and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,evenif international tax rules do not grant them that right.In other words,theyall share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep;up withthe current economy.
In response to these manyunilateral measures,the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)is currently working with131 countries to reach a consensus by the endof2020on an international solution. Both France and the United States areinvolved in the organization's work,but France's digital services tax and theAmerican response raise questions about what the future holds for theinternational tax system.
France‘s planned tax is aclear warning:Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming theinternational tax system,other nations are likely to follow suit,and Americancompanies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations thatwill prove burdensome and costly.
36.The French Senate haspassed a bill to_____
[A]regulate digital servicesplatforms.
[B]protect French companies'interests.
[C]impose a levy on techmultinationals.
[D]curb the influence ofadvertising.
37.It can be learned fromParagraph2that the digital services tax_____
[A]may triggercountermeasures against France.
[B]is apt to arouse criticismat home and abroad.
[C]aims to ease internationaltrade tensions.
[D]will prompt the techgiants to quit France.
38.The countries adopting theunilateral measures share the opinion that _____
[A]redistribution of techgiants'revenue must be ensured.
[B]the current internationaltax system needs upgrading.
[C]tech multinationals'monopoly should be prevented.
[D]all countries ought toenjoy equal taxing rights.
39.It can be learned fromPara5that the OECO's current work_____
[A]is being resisted by UScompanies.
[B]needs to be readjustedimmediately.
[C]is faced with uncertainprospects.
[D]needs to in involve morecountries.
40.Which of the followingmight be the.best title for this text?
[A]France Is Confronted withTrade Sanctions
[B]France leads the charge onDigital Tax
[C]France Says"NO"to Tech Multinationals
[D]France Demands a Role inthe Digital Economy
Part B
Directions:
In the following text,somesentences have been removed.For Questions41 -45,choose the most suitable onefrom the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extrachoices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET.(10points)
[A]Eye fixactions are brief
[B]Too much eye contact isinstinetively felt to be rude
[C]Eye contact can be afriendly social signal
[D]Personality can affect howa person reacts to eye contact
[E]Biological factors behindeye contact are being investigated
[F]Most people are notcomfortable holding eye contact with strangers
[G]Eye contact can also beaggressive.
In a social situation,eyecontact with another person can show that you are paying attention in afriendly way.But it can also be antagonistic such as when a politicalcandidate tums toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contactthat signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact:
41.________________
We know that a typical infantwill instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back.Thismutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child.Inadulthood,looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary signof paying attention.It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room,"Eye contact and smile"can signal availability and confidence,acommon-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.
42.________
Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeungfound that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from mentoward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of theirgaze was recorded.This was also found in high-functioning men with someautistic spectrum symptoms,who may tend to avoid eye contact.Specific brainregions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches,using advanced methods of brain scanning.
43.________
With the use of eye-trackingtechnology,Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concludedthat eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on thesituation While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendlysituations,it's more likely to be associated with dominance OF intimidation inadversarial situations.Whether you're a politician or a parent,it might behelpful to keep'in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire ifyou're trying to convince someone who has
a different set of beliefs thanyou,"said Minson.
44.________
When we look at a face or apicture,our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth.These pauses typically occur at about three per second,and the eyes then jumpto another spot,until several important points in the image are registeredlike a series of snapshots.How the whole image is then assembled and perceivedis still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.
45.________
In people who score high in atest of neuroticism,a personality dimension associated with self-consciousnessand anxiety,eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues.Our findingsindicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre ofattention but that their brain reactions also differ-"A more directfinding is that people who scored high for negative
emotions like anxietylooked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortablefeelings when others did not look directly at them.
Part C Translation
Directions:
Read the following textcarefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Yourtranslation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)
Following the explosion ofcreativity in Florence during the14th century known as the Renaissance,themodern world saw a departure from what it had once known.It turned from Godand the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanisticapproach to being.Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the17thcentury,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among thosewith a more logical disposition.
46.With(the gap between)the church'steachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gapbetween the medieval and modern periods had been bridged,leading to new andunexplored intellectual territories.
During the Renaissance,thegreat minds of Nicolaus Copernicus,Johannes Kepler andGalileoGalilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery.47.Beforeeach of their revelations,many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancientways of thinking,including the geocentric view that the Earth was at thecentre of our universe.Copernicus theorized in1543that in actual fact,allof the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth,but the Sun,asystem that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense.Offering up such atheory during a time of high tension between scientificandreligious minds was branded as heresy,and any such heretics that continued tospreadthese lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.Galileo was excommunicatedby the Church and imprisoned for life forhis astronomical observations and his support oftheheliocentric principle.
48.Despite attempts by theChurch to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalists,moreexplanations for how the universe functioned were being made,and at a rate thatthe people-including the Church-could no longer ignore.It was with thesegreat revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.
The Church's long-standingdogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists.This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europeduring most of the17th century.49.As many took on the duty of trying tointegrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the
world.The Renaissancewas over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.
The17th and18th centurieswere times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method,reductionism andthe questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged,as were ideas of liberty,tolerance and progress.50.Such actions to seek knowledge and to understandwhat information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase'sapereaude'or'dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay An Answer tothe Question:What is Enlightenment?It was the purpose and responsibility ofgreat minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to befounded in knowledge.
Section IV Writing
Part A
Directions:The Student Unionof your university has assigned you to inform theinternational students anupcoming singing contest.Write a notice in about100words.Write your answeron the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name in the notice.
Part B
52:Directions:
Write an essay of160-200words based on the picture below.In your essay, you should:
1)Describe the picturebriefly;
2)Interpret the impliedmeaning,and
3)Give your comments
2013年考研英语一真题原文及答案完整版 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that __1_ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by _2_ factors. But Dr Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big _3_ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. _4_, he theorised that a judge _5_ of appearing too soft _6_crime might be more likely to send someone to prison __7_he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day. To __8__this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. In theory, the ____9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others___10____ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was____11____. He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews _12_ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had _13_ applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale _14_ numerous factors into consideration. T he scores were _15_ used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardised exam which is _16_out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
2013年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of apperaring too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day。 To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11 。 He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Granduate Managent Adimssion Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her。 Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 。 1. [A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers 2. [A] minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external 3. [A] issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external 4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all 5. [A] fond [B] fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless 6. [A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for 7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless 8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C] share [D]success
2013年考研英语一真题完整版 Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that __1__ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by __2___ factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big __3___ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with. __4___ , he theorised that a judge __5___ of apperaring too soft __6__ crime might be more likely to send someone to prison __7___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day. To __8__ this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the __9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others __10___ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was __11___ . He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews __12___by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had__13___applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale __14___ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were __15___ used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Granduate Managent Adimssion Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is__16___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her. Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one __17___that, then the score for the next applicant would __18___by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to __19___ the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been __20___. 1. [A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers 2. [A] minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external 3. [A] issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external
2013年考研英语（一）真题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that ___1___ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by ___2___ factors. But Dr Simonton speculated that an inability to consider the big ___3___ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. ___4___, he theorized that a judge ___5___ of appearing too soft ___6___crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___7___he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day. To ___8___this idea, they turned their attention to the university-admissions process. In theory, the ___9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others___10___ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonton suspected the truth was___11___. He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___12___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had ___13___ applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___14___ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were ___15___ used in conjunction w ith an applicant’s score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is ___16___out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her. Dr Simonton found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one ___17___ that, then the score for the next applicant
2000年——2012年研究生英语考试作文题目汇总 2012年 51. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should 1) describe the drawing briefly 2) explain its intended meaning, and 3) give your comments You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20 points） 2011年 52. Directions: Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1)describe the drawing briefly, 2)explain it’s intended meaning, and 3)give your comments. Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points) 旅程之“余” 2010年 52. Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) give your comments. You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points) 2009年 52. Directions: In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) give your comments. You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points) 2008年 52. Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then
2013年考研英语（一）试题——阅读3 Text 3 Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all. Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to. But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline." So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence . Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future. But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves. This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come. 31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by [A] our desire for lives of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and technology
历年英语考研真题及答案 【篇一：2010-2016年历年考研英语真题+答案】 tion i use of english section 1 use of english directions: read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [a], [b], [c] or [d] on answer sheet 1. (10 points) in cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. it may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1__those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. a young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negotiations, or the young man‘s parents may take the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. __4__, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5__ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family. the traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. formerly it lasted three days, __7__1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing. par--ts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,__9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the brides and grooms wrists, and __10__a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__. newlyweds traditionally move in with the wifes parents and may__12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby. divorce is legal and easy to __14__, but not common. divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. the divorced male doesnt have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months. 1.a. by way of b. with regard to c. on behalf of d. as well as 2.a. decide onb. provide forc. compete withd. adapt to 3.a. closeb. arrange c. renew d. postpone
2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day. To8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11 . He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her. Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 . 1.[A] grants [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers 2.[A] minor [B] external [C] crucial [D] objective 3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment 4.[A] Above all [B] On average [C] In principle [D] For example 5.[A] fond [B] fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless 6.[A] in [B] for [C] to [D] on 7.[A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless 8.[A] test [B] emphasize [C] share [D] promote 9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success 10.[A] found [B] studied [C] chosen [D] identified 11.[A] otherwise [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] exceptional 12.[A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured 13.[A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged 14.[A] put [B] got [C] took [D] gave 15.[A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather 16.[A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced 17.[A] below [B] after [C] above [D] before 18.[A] jump [B] float [C] fluctuate [D] drop 19.[A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard
2013年考研英语一真题答案解析（完整版） Section I Use of English 1.【答案】A 【解析】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。”第二句顺接上文，“乍一看这是一种优势”，that引起定语从句，这种优势使人们具有一种能力，即能够做出不受外界因素影响的不带偏见的决定。B选项submit “服从，提交”，不能与ability连用，C选项transmit “传输，发射”，也不能与ability 搭配，D选项deliver “传递”，同样不能与ability搭配。A, C, D无论从搭配上还是意思上都不合适。A选项grant本身具有赋予，授予的意思。故答案选A。 2.【答案】D 【解析】external外部因素和上文的background information同义复现，不考虑背景信息，不受外界因素影响。A选项minor 次要的，B选项objective 客观的，C选项crucial 残酷的，D选项external 外部的，故答案选D。 3.【答案】C 【解析】第三题本句but引起句意转折。“但是XX推测不考虑大局会导致决策者被日常接触的信息影响而带有偏见。”首先注意到空前面有定冠词the，指代上文信息，即不考虑背景信息、不考虑大环境。而大局，大环境的表达，此处选择picture是最贴切的。A选项issue 问题，B选项vision 想象力，美景都不合适，故答案选C。 4.【答案】A 【解析】通读后面的句子，提到了法官与被告，这明显是生活当中的一个具体的实例，故答案选A。而B选项on average “平均，通常”，出现的话，周围往往应该要出现数字。C选项in principle“大体上，原则上”，后面需要出现的是总结性的话语，D选项above all“首先”是用来列举条目，将A,B,D 排除。 5.【答案】B 【解析】从句意上来看“例如，他们提出理论，认为法官不敢在罪行面前表现得太软弱，如果当天已经宣判五六名被告执行缓刑，那么他很有可能将下一个人送入监狱。A选项fond of 喜欢，B选项fear of 惧怕，C选项capable of 有能力，D选项thoughtless of 考虑不周，故答案选B。 6.【答案】B 【解析】根据句内的逻辑关系，在对待犯罪行为方面害怕表现出太软弱，在。。。方面，关于。。。的表达应该用介词on，故答案为B。
历年考研英语试题考点分析 2018年考研英语出题方向在哪呢?考生要怎样有针对性的对复习呢?我们一起随学习啦来看看考研英语的常考知识点和出题情况。 完型填空是在整张卷子中最不容易拿分的一种题型。因为其考点非常的零碎，从词义的辨析，到语法的考量再到上下句之间的逻辑 关系均有涉及。所以虽然说只有十分，但是对于学生的要求确实是 全面的。但是，尽管如此，完型中依旧有一些可以探究出规律的东西。能够让大家在系统的复习之后可以较轻松的选出正确选项为哪项。那么究竟有哪些属于常考点呢? 高频的短语：beresponsiblefor， besubjectedto,exposeto,accountfor,bevulnerableto; 而在逻辑词上面则会有很多“红花词”出现的频率也极高。比如：however会出现在一个比较特殊的位置，两个逗号之间。还有类似 的结构还有可能是“though”，“instead”两个词。 如果放在句子开头的话，逻辑词一般倾向于选择“although”，“while”等表示转折的词。 而在阅读中，重点考察几大题型：词汇题，主旨题，观点态度题，例证题，推断题以及细节题。从分布规律来看，细节题几乎占到了 每年20题中的一半。所以对于同学们来讲，更加应该清楚，考研英 语要回归英语的本质，重理解，而轻技巧，所以希望17届学子们能 牢牢记住这一重要原则。 在前面的几种类型的考题中，基本会有一些通用的规律在其中。比如：词汇题一般考察的上下文之间的逻辑关系。而所出的单词有 两种考点：第一，超纲词，无论大家平日多么辛苦的去背单词，这 个单词永远在你的单词表范围之外;第二种是熟词，但是你所熟悉的 意思在此是怎么也行不通的，它考察的是背后的引申义。
2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析 Section I Use of English 一、文章题材结构分析 本文主要分析了无现金社会为何迟迟不来的原因。第一段是文章的中心段落，指出真正的无现金社会很可能不会马 上到来。第二、三段从电子支付设备昂贵、纸质支票提供收据、使用纸质支票能获得浮存利息以及电子支付方式存在的 安全隐私问题四个方面分析纸币系统得以继续存在的理由。 二、试题解析 1．【答案】A （However） 【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。”而空后 说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”，两者之前出现了明显的转折关系，因此答案A。B. moreover 表递进C. therefore 表结果D. Otherwise 表对比 2．【答案】D （around） 【解析】由空格所在句的“but”得知，句子前后是转折关系。事实上,这样的预测已经二十年了,但迄今还没有实 现。A. off 停止; B. back 返回; C. over 结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选D. around 出现。 3．【答案】B （concept） 【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975 年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____”将四 个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念（定义），而A“力量”,C“历史”,D “角色”，语义都不恰当，并且如 果选择role 的话，应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。4．【答案】D （reverse） 【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词revolutionize （变革）意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改 变意思的词汇，四个选项中A. reward 奖励B. 抵抗C. resume 重新开始，继续，都不合适，只有D 选项reverse“颠覆” 最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。”5．【答案】C （slow） 【解析】根据前面的句意得知，早在1975 年就预测了无现金社会将到来，而实际上作者讲到“真正的无现金社会很可 能不会马上到来”，因此也得出这种变革是一个缓慢的过程，故答案选择C。 A. silent 沉寂的，B. sudden 突然的，D. steady 稳定不变的。 6．【答案】B （against） 【解析】上一段末句提出本段的论点，即人们进入无现金时代的速度缓慢的原因。因此本段应围绕纸币系统不会消 失来阐述。而且由句首的Although 得知，空格所在句与前一句是转折关系。尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加