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Task 8.1
Irrecoverable debts and Allowances
Bad debts & Doubtful debts
Background
Businesses offer credit facilities to customers in order to encourage them to buy products and services. Goods or services sold on credit result in trade receivables being recorded in the statement of financial position of the seller’s books (with a corresponding trade payable in the buyer’s books).
The associated risks of offering credit facilities to customers are slow payment or even non-payment.
To minimise the risk of non-payment, the business should set credit limits for their customers and prepare an aged receivables analysis to identify debts at risk of going bad.
A trade receivable should only be classed as an asset if it is probable that it is recoverable (ie that the customer will pay the amounts due).
Definition of Debts
If a debt is definitely irrecoverable it should be written off to the statement of profit or loss as a bad debt. This is an example of prudence.
Accounting treatment Dr Bad debt expense (SPL) Cr Trade receivables (SOFP)
Lecture Example
Definition of Doubtful assets
If a debt is possibly irrecoverable an allowance for the potential irrecoverability of that debt should be made. A new account is created, Allowance for receivables, this account is offset against the trade receivables’ balance on the statement of financial position and the expense taken to the statement of profit or loss.
Accounting treatment
Dr Doubtful debts expense (SPL) Cr Allowance for receivables (SOFP
Lecture Example
A further review of Fight & Co's customer files indicates there is some uncertainty as to whether a debt of $3,500 owed by Bugner is recoverable.
a)Calculate the allowance for receivables shown on the statement of
financial position.
b)Calculate the doubtful debts expense shown in the statement of profit
or loss.
c)Show how the information from Lecture examples 1 and 2 would be
shown in extracts from the statement of profit or loss and statement of financial position.
Answer
Allowance for receivables:
a)The allowance for receivables shown on the statement of financial position is $3,500
b)The doubtful debts expense shown in the statement of profit or loss is $3,500
Answer
Statement of profit or loss extract
$ Expenses
Bad debts (see Lecture Example 1) (15,000) Doubtful debts expense (3,500) Statement of financial position extract
$ Current assets
Trade receivables 50,000
Less: allowance for receivables (3,500)
46,500
Types of Allowance
Specific: provided against a particular/named individual customer. General: percentage applied to total trade receivables after:
I.Writing off bad debts;
II.Deducting full balance of any customers for which specific allowance has been created.
Order of calculation
(a) Write up trade receivables and account for credit sales and cash received
in period.
(b) Write off bad debts
Dr Bad debt expense (SPL)
Cr Trade receivables (SOFP)
(c) Make any entries for specific allowances:
Dr Doubtful debts expense (SPL)
Cr Allowance for receivables (SOFP)
(d) In workings, calculate the general allowance on trade receivables (after
bad debts written off and excluding full amounts for which specific
allowance has been made).
Order of calculation
(e)
$ Total trade receivables 100 Less: specific allowances (20)
80 General allowance @ 5% = 4∴total allowance:
Specific 20 General 4
24
Lecture Example
A business’s trade receivables account showed a year end balance of $47,440. It was decided that amounts totalling$340 should be written off as irrecoverable, a specific allowance was to be made against an amount of $400 due from Dodgy Co, a customer, and a general allowance of 2% was to be made against remaining debts.
Required
a)Calculate the allowance for receivables shown in the statement of
financial position.
b)Calculate the bad and doubtful debts expense shown in the statement of
profit or loss.
Answer
Answer
Balance off
Answer
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牛津译林版英语八年级下册Unit2Task说课稿

牛津译林版英语八年级下册Unit2Task说课稿

1.词汇：与旅游相关的词汇，如景点名称、交通工具、旅游活动等。
2.语法：一般过去时的运用，描述过去发生的旅游经历。
3.交际能力：培养学生用英语描述过去旅游经历的能力。
（二）教学目标
1.知识与技能：
（1）掌握与旅游相关的词汇，能够用英语描述旅游景点、交通工具和旅游活动。
（2）熟练运用一般过去时描述过去发生的旅游经历。
（三）学习动机
为了激发学生的学习兴趣和动机，我将采取以下策略或活动：
1.利用多媒体教学资源，如旅游景点的图片、视频等，激发学生的视觉和听觉兴趣，增强课堂的趣味性。
2.设计角色扮演活动，让学生模拟真实的旅游场景，提高他们的参与度和实际运用能力。
3.开展小组讨论，鼓励学生分享自己的旅游经历，增强他们的表达欲望和自信心。
（二）教学反思
在教学过程中，可能遇到的问题是学生对于一般过去时的掌握不足，以及在实际交际中的语言运用能力不强。我将通过以下方式应对：提供额外的练习和辅导，鼓励学生在课堂上积极尝试和表达，以及适时调整教学节奏和难度。课后，我将通过学生的课堂表现、作业完成情况和学生的反馈来评估教学效果。具体的反思和改进措施包括：根据学生的实际掌握情况调整教学策略，对于难以理解的知识点提供更多实例和练习，以及加强学生的口语交际训练。此外，我会收集学生的意见和建议，不断优化教学方法和内容，以提高教学效果。
（二）学习障碍
在学习本节课之前，学生可能已经掌握了基本的英语语法和词汇，具备一定程度的听说读写能力。然而，可能存在的学习障碍包括：
1.对一般过去时的掌握和应用不够熟练，容易混淆时态。
2.描述过去旅游经历时，词汇和句型的选择可能不够准确和丰富。
3.在实际交流中，可能因为紧张或不自信而影响语言表达。
4.小组合作时，可能存在分工不明确、沟通不畅等问题。
牛津译林版英语八年级上册Unit1 Task 精品课件

牛津译林版英语八年级上册Unit1 Task 精品课件

初中英语译林版八上
Unit1 Friends Task
Freour friend look like? • What is your friend like? • What would your friend like to be when he/she grows up?
patient
sad
Read and complete Name: Appearance: Kate tall, slim, long hair, a round face, a small nose, bright smiling
eyes Personality:
Likes: Future plan: friendly, helpful, patient likes to help people would like to be a teacher
Conclusion 小结
未来计划:She/He would like to be a … when she/he grows up.
Sample writing
Tom is both my classmate and my best friend . Tom is tall and slim. He has a square face. He has big bright eyes and short straight hair. He looks handsome. Tom is an honest boy. I can tell him anything because he can keep a secret. He is ready to help others any time. He has a good sense of humour and tells me funny jokes. We often play table tennis together after school. Tom often listens to other people carefully and helps them solve their problems. He would like to be a social worker when he grows up. I think he will make a good social worker.
译林版版英语八年级上册第一单元Task

译林版版英语八年级上册第一单元Task

Main body
In the past, it was a quiet, natural and beautiful place There were many green trees and old buildings here. The air here is very fresh. People used to travel on foot or by bike.
Help Amy to complete her report on the changes to Moonlight Town.
The ending
Now people are enjoying a comfortable life.
If we would like to write changes to a place or sth. We’d better write from the following aspects :
Homework
In the past, people travelled around the town _on__f_o_o_t_o_r_b_y__b_i_cy_c_l_e, but now they can go around _b_u_y_b_u_s__o_r_t_a_x.iMany families even have their own cars. Now people are enjoying a comfortable life.
Now, the city has changed a lot. Trees and old building are becoming fewer . There are more new flats and buildings instead. The roads are much wider than before. People here can take taxis, buses or cars. Life is faster , easier and more modern.
牛津译林版八年级下册(新)unit1 task(共21张PPT)

牛津译林版八年级下册(新)unit1 task(共21张PPT)


1.月光镇这些年变化很大。
Read and complete
Many changes ______ have ______ taken ______ place in Moonlight Town over the years.
2.过去小镇上仅有一些又窄又脏的公路。
In the past, there were only ______ ______ narrow and ______ dirty roads in the small town.
Years ago, people lived in ____________. small old houses Now most flats of them have moved into new _________.
They used to _______________ listen to the radio or watch TV in their free time, but now most families have computers and the Internet ________.
Facts
Life
small______houses; new ______; old flats radio listen to the _______or computers and the Internet ____________; watch TV . mobile phones. on foot or by bicycle
narrow dirty wide clean _______and____roads; _____and______streets; rubbish green trees on both sides; Environment _________everywhere large open spaces. buildings shops and tall__________.