实验台利用说明书

关闭电源
实验结束后，先关闭所有设备 ，再关闭操作台电源，以确保
设备使用寿命和安全性。
操作台的注意事项
设备检查
使用前应检查操作台及所有设备是否正常工 作，如有异常应及时处理。
保持清洁
定期清洁操作台表面，保持整洁，防止灰尘 或污垢影响设备性能。
避免过载
避免同时使用过多设备或大功率设备，以防 止操作台过载。
遵循操作规程
严格按照实验步骤和操作规程进行操作，避 免因误操作导致设备损坏或安全事故。
操作台的安全防护
防电击保护
确保操作台接地良好，配备漏电保护装置 ，防止意外触电。
防化学腐蚀
对于接触腐蚀性化学品的操作台，应采用 防腐蚀材料和密封措施，以保护设备和实
验人员的安全。
防火灾防护
定期检查电线是否老化或破损，避免火灾 事故的发生。
1 2
操作台表面划痕
使用柔软的布擦拭操作台表面，避免使用尖锐的 物品刮擦。
操作台内部积尘
定期清理操作台内部灰尘和杂物，保持操作台内 部的清洁。
3
操作台部件松动
定期检查操作台内部组件是否松动，如有需要， 及时紧固。
05
操作台的应用场景
实验室操作台的应用场景
化学实验室
用于放置化学试剂、实验器材和仪器，确保实验操作的安全和便 利。
检查安全性能
定期检查操作台的安全性能，如防护罩、安全锁 等。
04
常见问题及解决方案
操作台常见问题及解决方法
操作台无法正常启动
检查电源是否正常，检查操作台内部线路是否连接良好。
操作台运行不稳定
检查操作台是否放置平稳，检查操作台内部组件是否正常。
操作台噪音过大
检查操作台内部风扇是否正常运转，清理灰尘和杂物。

直流发电机 M01：PN=100W，UN=200V （3）电机导轨及测功机、测速发电机
MEL—13 组件。 （4）EEL-10 继电控制挂箱
4
二 MCL 系列主控台及挂箱介绍和使用说明
主控台 MCL-II(A):
主控屏(A)：主要为整个实验台提供可调三相交流电源;交直流电压电流检 测仪表;直流励磁电源;变压器绕组等主要由(1)交流电压表;电流表; 功率和功 率因数表（2）报警复位按钮；（3）仪表开关；（4）直流电压表；电流表；（5） 量程选择键；（6）三相电压表*3, 可指示实验台输入的电压和交流电源输出的 线电压，通过指针表旁边的开关切换。当开关拨向“电网电压”时，三相电压 表指示为电网输入到主控制屏的三相电压值；当开关拨向“调压输出”时，电 压表指示三相输出可变电压值；（7）电源切断按钮: 按下此按钮开关，绿灯灭 红灯亮，表明三相交流电源 U、V、W 无电压输出；（8）电源接通钥匙；电源钥 匙开关。当钥匙开关转向“开”的位置，带红色按钮指示灯亮，电源控制屏接 通电网。（9）三相电源调压器手柄三相调压器的容量为 1.5KVA，线电压 0~430V 连续可调，为了保证实验者的实验，电网与三相调压器之间接有隔离变压器或 漏电保护器。三相调压器可调节单相或三相电压输出。当沿逆时针旋到底输出 电压最小，改变旋钮位置，即可调节输出交流电源电压的大小；（10）电源启
号和过电流逻辑信号等。
电流互感器的输出接至输入 TA1，TA2，TA3，反映电流大小的信号经三相桥
式整流电路整流后加至 9R1、9R2、VD7 及 RP1、9R3、9R20 组成的各支路上，其
中：
a．9R2 与 VD7 并联后再与 9R1 串联，在其中点取零电流检测信号。
b．将 RP1 的可动触点输出作为电流反馈信号，反馈强度由 RP1 进行调节。

2套
7. 光电转速传感器（DRHYF-12-A） 1 个
8. 磁电转速传感器（DRCD-12-A） 1 个
9. 称重台（DRCZ-A）
1个
—2—
10. 变送器（DRBS-12-A）
1台
11. 传感器支架（DRZJ-A）
1个
首先，将传感器安装在实验台上，位置如图 2 所示（图中所标传感器 1：磁电转
பைடு நூலகம்—1—
4) 直流电机 5) 主轴支座 6) 含油轴承及油杯 7) 电机支座 8) 连轴器及护罩 9) RS9008 电涡流传感器支架 10) 磁电转速传感器支架 11) 测速齿轮（15 齿） 12) 保护挡板支架 2． 主要技术指标 1) 可调转速范围：0~2500 转/分，无级 2) 电源：DC12V 3) 主轴长度：500mm 4) 主轴直径：12mm 5) 外形尺寸：640×140×160mm 6) 重量：12.5kg
1.1.1 刚性转子动平衡
低于轴的临界转速时，转子为刚性转子，临界转速可以通过观察轴心轨迹的改 变来判断；本实验实际是由动平衡配重测量实验和三点加重法转子动平衡实验两个 实验组成：先进行配重测量实验，测得配重数据后再进行转子动平衡实验。在 DRVI 的实验指导书中已经有该实验的详细步骤说明，在这里说明的是实验过程中对转子 实验台本身的操作。实现动平衡参数测算的方法为：
在转子试验台的一个配重圆盘上拧上一个螺钉作为偏重质量块，启动转子试 验台，调整到一个稳定的转速。观察并记录得到的振动信号的波形和频谱，比较 加速度传感器和速度传感器所测得的振动信号的特点。改变转速后，振动的信号、 频谱也会随之变化，观察并记录，与前面的记录进行比较可得到结果。
在转子试验台的配重圆盘上改变试重的大小和位置，进行多次测量，分析比 较得到的结果。

3B SCIENTIFIC® PHYSICSBasic Experiments in Optics on the Optical Bench U17145Instruction sheet05/11/ALF/MEC1. Overview of the Experiments Experiment 1: Demonstration of the various raybeamsExperiment 2: Reflection of a ray of light from aplane mirrorExperiment 3: Reflection of a light beam from aplane mirrorExperiment 4: Reflection of a light beam from aconcave or convex mirror Experiment 5: Snell's law of refraction Experiment 6: Refraction of light through aplaneparallel plateExperiment 7: Refraction of light through aprismExperiment 8: Inverting prismsExperiment 9: Concave and convex lenses2. Scope of delivery1 Optical bench U, 120 cm (U17150)3 Optical rider U, 75 mm (U17160)1 Optical rider U, 30 mm (U17161)1 Experiment lamp, halogen (U17140)1 Spare lamp, halogen 12 V, 50 W (U13735)1 Object holder on a stem (U8474000)1 Convexlens,f = + 150 mm; 50 mm Ø (U17103)1 Set of slits and apertures (U17040)1 Optical disc with accessories (U17128)1 Storage strip (U17120)3. Safety instructions•Warning! Lamps become extremely hot when operated for prolonged periods of time.•Do not clean any of the optical components with aggressive fluids or solvents. This could cause damage!4. Experiment examples Experiment 1: Demonstration of various raybeams1.1 Equipment1 Opticalbench1 Experimentallamp1 Object holder, shaft-mounted1 Fivefold slit from U170401 Convexlensf = +150 mm3 Optical riders 75 mm1 Optical rider 30 mmAdditionally required:1 TransformerU139001 Projection screen U171301.2 Set up•Place the experimental lamp horizontally on the rail at the 10 cm position.•Place the object holder with five-fold slit hori-zontally on the rail at the 20 cm position. •Place the convex lens at the 25 cm position. •Mount the projection screen on the small rider.1.3 Procedure•When the convex lens is not used, the ray beam is divergent.•When the convex lens is placed at the 25 cm position we obtain a parallel beam of rays. •When the convex lens is moved away from the light source a converging beam of rays is pro-duced.Experiment 2: Reflection of a ray of light froma plane mirror2.1 Equipment1 Opticalbench1 Experimentallamp1 Object holder, shaft mounted1 Diaphragm with single slit from U170401 Convexlensf = +150 mm1 Optical disc1 Plane mirror from U171283 Optical riders 75 mm1 Optical rider 30 mmAdditionally required:1 TransformerU139002.2 Set up•Place the experimental lamp horizontally on the rail at the 10 cm position.•Place the object holder with single-slit dia-phragm horizontally on the rail at the 20 cm position.•Place the concave lens at the 25 cm position. •Mount the optical disc with plane mirror on a small optical rider at the 40 cm position.2.3 Procedure•Fasten the plane mirror mounted on the opti-cal disc to the 90° to -90° line.•Set the height of the disc so that the incident light ray is reflected from the 0° line.•By rotating the disc we can verify the law of reflection, which states that the angle of inci-dence is equal to the angle of reflection.Experiment 3: Reflection of a light beam froma plane mirror3.1 Equipment1 Opticalbench1 Experimentallamp1 Object holder, shaft mounted1 Fivefold slit from U170401 Convexlensf = +150 mm1 Optical disc1 Plane mirror from U171283 Optical riders 75 mm1 Optical rider 30 mmAdditionally required:1 TransformerU139003.2 Set up•Place the experimental lamp horizontally on the rail at the 10 cm position..•Place the object holder with the five-fold slit at the 20 cm position.•Place the convex lens at the 25 cm position. •Mount the optical disc with plane mirror on a small optical rider at the 40 cm position.3.3 Procedure•Attach the plane mirror on the optical disc at the 90°-90° line.•Adjust the height of the disc so that the middle ray of light propagates along the 0° line and all rays are reflected into each other.•By rotating the disc it is demonstrated that a parallel incident beam of light is also parallel after being reflected.•By moving the lens away from the light source it can be demonstrated that a converging light beam is also reflected as a converging light beam.•Without the use of the convex lens it can be demonstrated that a divergent light beam also diverges upon reflection.Experiment 4: Reflection of a light beam froma concave or convex mirror4.1 Equipment1 Opticalbench1 Experimentallamp1 Object holder, shaft mounted1 Fivefold slit from U170401 Convexlensf = +150 mm1 Optical disc1 Plane mirror from U171283 Optical riders 75 mm1 Optical rider 30 mmAdditionally required:1 TransformerU139004.2 Set up•Place the experimental lamp horizontally on the rail at the 10 cm position.•Place the object holder with five-fold slit hori-zontally on the rail at the 20 cm position. •Place the convex lens at the 25 cm position. •Place the optical disc with convex mirror on the small rider at the 40 cm position.4.3 Procedure•Fasten the concave mirror on the optical disc on the 90°-90° line.•Adjust the height of the disc so that the middle ray of light travels along the 0° line and is re-flected into itself.•Use the lens to generate a parallel beam. •The incidenting rays are reflected so that they all pass through and converge at a single pointF. This point is the focal point of the mirror. •Repeat the experiment with converging and diverging light beams.•Result: a concave mirror causes the rays to converge.•Rotate the optical disc by 180° so that the incident rays are reflected by the convex mir-ror. Carry out the same procedural steps as stated above.• A convex mirror causes the rays to diverge.Experiment 5: Snell's law of refraction5.1 Equipment1 Opticalbench1 Experimentallamp1 Object holder, shaft mounted1 Diaphragm with single slit from U170401 Convexlensf = +150 mm1 Optical disc1 Semi-circular body from U171283 Optical riders 75 mm1 Optical rider 30 mmAdditionally required:1 TransformerU139005.2 Set up•Place the experimental lamp horizontally on the rail at the 10 cm position.•Place the object holder with single slot dia-phragm horizontally on the rail at the 20 cmposition.•Place the concave lens at the 25 cm position. •Mount the optical disc with semi-circular body on the small rider at the 40 cm position.5.3 Procedure•Fasten the semi-circular body on the optical disc on the 90°-90° line so that the plane sideis facing the light source.•Adjust the height of the disc so that the inci-denting light ray propagates along the 0° lineand is incident at the precise center of thesemicircular body. The ray of light then propa-gates uninterrupted along the 0° line.•When the disc is rotated, the light ray is re-fracted toward the normal at the point of inci-dence.•The disc is now rotated by 180° so that the convex disc is facing the light source. The lightray is now refracted away from the normal atthe point of incidence.βn n•When the light ray passes from one medium with the refractive index n 1 to another medium with the refractive index n 2 its directional change is determined by Snell's law of refrac-tion:sin sin α=βconstant or12sin sin n n α=β • α is the angle of incidence in medium n 1 and β is the angle of refraction in medium n 2.•The bigger the angle of incidence is, the larger the angle of refraction becomes. I f n 1 < n 2, there is a critical angle α. At this angle the re-fracted ray of light is refracted along the inter-face between two media. I f the angle of inci-dence is greater than the critical angle, then there is no longer any refraction and all light is reflected. This case is referred to as total inter-nal reflection.Experiment 6: Refraction in a plane-parallelplate6.1 Equipment 1 Optical bench 1 Experimental lamp 1 Object holder, shaft mounted 1 Diaphragm with single slit from U17040 1 Convex lens f = +150 mm 1 Optical disc 1 Trapezoidal body from U17128 3 Optical riders 75 mm 1 Optical rider 30 mm Additionally required: 1 Transformer U139006.2 Set up• Place the experimental lamp horizontally onthe rail at the 5 cm position.• Set up the object holder including diaphragmwith single slit at the 20 cm position.• Place the concave lens at the 25 cm position. • Set up the optical disc with trapezoidal bodyon the small optical rider at the 40 cm posi-tion.6.3 Procedure• Fasten the trapezoidal body on the optical discalong the 90° to -90° line so that its long side faces the light source. The middle section of the trapezoidal body acts like a plane-parallel plate.• Adjust the height of the disc so that the inci-denting light beam propagates on the 0° line and is not refracted by the trapezoidal body. • Rotate the disc so that the beam is now re-fracted.• The direction of the outgoing light ray is notaltered.• The outgoing light ray is nevertheless divertedfrom its original path by a distance d . For a plate of h density, this gives the following ford : sin()cos d h α−β=⋅βExperiment 7: Refraction at a prism7.1 Equipment 1 Optical bench 1 Experimental lamp 1 Object holder, shaft mounted 1 Diaphragm with single slit from U17040 1 Convex lens f = +150 mm 1 Optical disc 1 Trapezoidal body from U17128 1 Right-angled prism from U17128 3 Optical riders 75 mm 1 Optical rider 30 mm Additionally required: 1 Transformer U139007.2 Set up•Place the experimental lamp at the 5 cm posi-tion.•Set up the object holder with diaphragm in-cluding single slit at the 20 cm position. •Place the concave lens at the 25 cm position. •Set the optical disc with trapezoidal body on the small optical rider at the 40 cm position.7.3 Procedure•Fasten the trapezoidal body onto the optical disc along the 90° to -90° line so that the pyramid points upwards.•Adjust the height of the disc so that the inci-dent light ray travels on the 0° line.•After the disc is rotated, the light ray incidents on the upper section of the trapezoidal body, which now functions, like a prism.•n an acrylic prism the light ray incident at point A is refracted from the axis of incidence.At the emerging point B the ray is refracted away from the axis of incidence. The sum total of all refraction angles is called the deflection angle δ. This is the angle between the incident and emerging light rays.•It can be demonstrated that the incident angle α at the minimum deflection angle δminis equal to the emerging angle β. The refracted ray then propagates inside the prism parallel to the side, which is not passed through.Experiment 8: Inverting prisms8.1 Equipment1 Opticalbench1 Experimentallamp1 Object holder, shaft mounted1 Diaphragm with single and fivefold slit from 1 Convexlensf = +150 mm1 Optical disc1 Right-angled prism from U171283 Optical riders 75 mm1 Optical rider 30 mmAdditionally required:1 TransformerU13900 8.2 Set up•Place the experimental lamp horizontally on the rail at the 5 cm position.•Place the object holder including a diaphragm with single or five-fold slot horizontally on rail at the 20 cm position.•Set up the concave lens at the 25 cm position. •Set the optical disc with right-angled prism on the small optical rider at the 40 cm position.8.3 Procedure•Fasten the right-angled prism on the optical disc along the 90°-90° line so that the right an-gle is lined up with the 0° line and faces the light source.•Adjust the height of the disc so that the inci-dent light beam propagates on the 0° line. •By rotating the disc all of the previously de-scribed phenomena can be observed.•At a certain angle (limiting angle) the ray is subject to total internal reflection.•Using the diaphragm with fivefold slit, it can be demonstrated that the rays can be reflected back in the direction from which they came.1231’2’3’1233’2’1’3B Scientific GmbH • Rudorffweg 8 • 21031 Hamburg • Germany • Subject to technical amendments Experiment 9: Concave and convex lenses9.1 Equipment 1 Optical bench 1 Experimental lamp 1 Object holder shaft-mounted 1 Diaphragm with fivefold slit from U17040 1 Concave lens f = +150 mm 1 Optical disc Lenses from U17128 3 Optical riders 75 mm 1 Optical riders 30 mm Additionally required: 1 Transformer U139009.2 Set up• Place the experimental lamp horizontally onthe rail at the 10 cm position.• Set the object holder up with fivefold slit hori-zontally on the rail at the 22 cm position. • Place the concave lens at the 27 cm position. • Set up the optical disc with lens on the smalloptical rider.9.3 Procedure• Place the convex lens in a central position onthe optical disc.• Adjust the height of the disc so that the centerof the incident light beam propagates on the 0° line.• A convex lens is a converging lens. After pass-ing through the medium the light rays all con-verge at the focal point F.• Repeat the experiment using the concave lens. • The light rays diverge after passing through thelens. No image of an object emerges. Tracing the divergent rays backwards one arrives at a virtual focal F ' where these lines meet.。