2020届高三大二轮复习:专题1 第3讲 高瞻远瞩 锁定主旨大意
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第三讲高瞻远瞩锁定主旨大意主旨大意题常见的命题方式有以下几种:1.The best title/headline for this passage is ________.2.The passage(or the first paragraph)is mainly about____________.3.What is the main idea/topic/purpose/subject of the passage?4.The passage chiefly discusses/deals with________.5.Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?6.The passage mainly tells us that________.7.What’s the first/second/third ...paragraph concerned with?8.What does the writer try to express in Paragraph ...?[解题技巧]——明方法1.归纳要点抓大意。
适用于没有明显的主题句的文章或段落。
2.从段落中抓大意。
适用于主题句位于文章或段落中间类型的文章。
3.读首句抓大意。
适用于主题句出现在开头的文章,如说明文、议论文、科技文献和新闻报道。
4.读尾句抓大意。
适用于主题句出现在段/篇尾的文章。
主旨大意题难度较大,属于区分度很高的选拔性题目。
注意无论此类题目出现在什么位置都要最后做,因为通读全文后才能更好地把握文章主题,且文章中其他题目的解答会有助于对主题的理解。
[干扰特点]——晓陷阱1.过于笼统,不知所云所给选项内容概括的范围过大,超出文章所述内容。
2.以偏概全,主次不分所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容,或以文章中的细节信息或个别字词作为选项的设置内容,或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。
3.移花接木,偷换概念所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上,若不留神,极易选错答案。
4.无中生有,生搬硬套所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了,但经过仔细阅读分析之后,发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
[考场技法]一、仔细审题,看好范围。
,搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的中心思想。
二、使用略读,迅速将全段或全文浏览一遍。
,在阅读中,应充分利用有关信息词确定主题句的位置,比如在for example,first,second 之前的句中或在all in all,above all,therefore,thus,in short,conclude之后的句子中寻找并确定。
三、特别注意全文或所问段落的首句和尾句。
,一是因为他们往往体现主旨要义,二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼文章结构框架,在框架下的主旨判断,其准确性更高。
四、了解标题的写作方式。
,一般来说,标题的写作方式是:以话题为核心,将控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的短语。
假若某一文章的中心句为:Coffee is a universal beverage that is served in different ways around the world.话题:Coffce控制性概念:is a universal beverage that is served in different ways around the world.标题:Cofffce Around the World找主题句的五个小窍门①段落中出现表转折的词语(如however,but,in fact,actually,while,on the contrary,in contrast 等)时,其后的句子很可能是主题句。
②首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。
③作者有意识地反复强调的观点,通常是主旨;反复出现的词语,一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
(主旨句常包含关键词)④首段出现具体例子或假设时,例子或假设后面的内容可能是主题句。
⑤表示总结或结论词语常有therefore,this,in short,conclude,conclusion等。
[识真题]——高考这样考(2017·高考全国卷甲阅读理解C)Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight,bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car.The Transition,which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways. It's expected to cost $279,000. And it won't help if you're stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration's decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.28.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.The basic data of the Transition.B.The advantages of flying cars.C.The potential market for flying cars.D.The designers of the Transition.29.Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A.It causes traffic jams.B.It is difficult to operate.C.It is very expensive.D.It burns too much fuel.30.What is the government's attitude to the development of the flying car?A.Cautious. B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous. D.Disapproving.31.What is the best title for the text?A.Flying Car at Auto ShowB.The Transition's First FlightC.Pilots' Dream Coming TrueD.Flying Car Closer to Reality[师说]高考新动向:本篇文章报道了国外公司研发飞行汽车的最新进展。
它让考生体会到科学的趣味和实际应用,促使考生深入思考科技创新在人类生活和发展过程中起到的重要作用,帮助考生培养科学精神和人文情怀。
[练技能]——题目这样做Step 1:速读题干,确定主旨大意类题目。
⇓Step 2:确定文章的主题词:通过阅读文章和对其他题目的解答,确定文章的主题词。
文章通常围绕主题词展开,主旨题的正确答案当然要包括文章主题词或主题词的同义改写词。