大学实用翻译教程(英汉双向)第二章 语言、文化与翻译
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新编英汉翻译教程新编英汉翻译教程翻译是一门艺术和科学的结合体,它涉及到无论是语言、文化、历史还是人类思维方式的诸多方面。
对于想要提高自己的翻译能力的人来说,学习一套完整的翻译教程是非常有用的。
下面是一些相关的参考内容,将帮助您了解如何进行新编的英汉翻译教程。
第一章:翻译基础知识1.1 翻译定义和分类1.2 翻译的目的和原则1.3 翻译与语言间的关系1.4 翻译的难点和挑战第二章:语言知识和技巧2.1 英汉语言的比较和对比2.2 词汇和短语翻译2.3 句子结构和语法翻译2.4 上下文的影响和处理2.5 语体和风格转换第三章:文化意识和背景知识3.1 跨文化交际和翻译3.2 文化差异的认识和理解3.3 社会背景和历史背景的处理3.4 原文背后的文化内涵和价值观传递第四章:专业领域和行业知识4.1 法律翻译原则和技巧4.2 医学翻译原则和技巧4.3 经济与商务翻译原则和技巧4.4 技术与科学翻译原则和技巧第五章:翻译工具和资源5.1 电子词典和在线翻译工具的使用5.2 术语库和翻译记忆库的建立和管理5.3 翻译软件的使用和技巧5.4 翻译资源和参考文献的查找和使用第六章:翻译实践和技巧6.1 阅读和理解原文的重要性6.2 提高译文的准确性和流畅度6.3 校对和修改译文的技巧6.4 学习和借鉴他人的优秀翻译作品第七章:发展和推广翻译技能7.1 参加翻译考试和认证7.2 加入翻译协会和社区7.3 进修和继续教育的机会7.4 与客户和雇主建立有效的沟通通过学习以上内容,您将逐步掌握新编英汉翻译的基本理论和技巧。
同时,您还可以在实践中不断提高自己的翻译能力,并且了解如何将翻译技能应用到不同的专业领域中。
通过继续学习和积累实践经验,您将成为一名优秀的英汉翻译专业人员。
值得一提的是,在学习翻译过程中,积极参与翻译实践是至关重要的。
可以选择翻译新闻、文学作品、商业文件等不同类型的材料,并进行翻译和校对实践。
此外,与他人分享您的翻译作品、参加翻译比赛和与其他翻译专业人士的交流也是提高翻译能力的有效途径。
An Applied Course in English-Chinese Translation Skills and Practice实用英汉翻译技巧与实践(Definition of Translation)1.2 翻译的原则(Principles of Translation)忠实(Faithfulness)通顺(Smoothness)1.3 翻译的基本步骤(Basic Steps in Translation)a. 原文理解(Comprehension of Source Texts)•词义确定(Determination of Word Meaning)It is quite another story now.The officials concerned refused to confirm the story in the Post.The white-haired girl's story is one of the saddest.A young man came to police station with a story.•语法分析(Grammatical Analysis)W hile I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.•逻辑判断(Logical Judgement)H e bought a picture of the house which many people thought to be replica.•文体把握(Understanding of Style)旅游景点警示语:路滑, 小心跌倒!译1:The road is slippery, fall down carefully!译2:The path is so slippery that you should be careful not to fall down.译3:Slippery // Wet path!b.译文表达(Expression of Target Texts)c. 译文校核(Proofreading of Target Texts)1.4 翻译的主要方法(Major Translation Approaches)a. 直译法(Literal Translation)p aper tigerl ose facer unning dogG ood to begin well, better to end well.b. 意译法(Free Translation)Q ueen’s Englishs mall talkr eceive glove moneyE very life has its roses and thorns.c. 归化法(Domestication)b lack sheepa s timid as a hared.异化法(Foreignization)1.5 翻译的常用技巧(Practical Translation Skills)异&选择(Choice of Word Meaning)一词多义(Polysemous Words)•New homes are for sale.•I’ll see her home tonight.•He’s at home with classics.•Maternity home costs in America have gone up sharply.a. 语境与词义(Context and Word Meaning)A caller to the broadcasting station claimed responsibility for the bombing.T hroughout centuries London has claimed to be the foremost city of the world.b.词性与词义(Word Class and Word Meaning)M y room was big, light and looked out on the East lake.H e lighted his cigarette, said good night, and went on.c.文体与词义(Style and Word Meaning)•United States Declaration of Independence:He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power.•The third power of 2 is 8.2.2 引申翻译a. 具体化引申翻译(Extension from the Abstract or General Words to the Concrete Words)•抽象名词的具体化(Concreteness fromAbstract Nouns)T he car in front of me stalled and I missed the green.T he administration was free from corruption.•概括词语的具体化(Concreteness from General Words)A nimal waste is the best food for the soil.T he weather has a great effect on the farmer¡¯s work and the products of his work.b. 概括化引申翻译(Extension from the Concrete or Special Words to the General Words)H e was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.M y father is the bread earner.2.3 增补翻译(Addition)a. 语法增补(Grammatical Addition)•动词的增补(Addition of Verbs)I fell madly in love with her, and she with me.A fter the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibition, he went home tiredly.•量词的增补(Addition of Measure Words)A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.T he carefully planned party turned out to be a bad dream.•时态词的增补(Addition of Words Denoting Tenses)T he tutor had taught the girl to play the piano.T he old man said, “They say his father was ¡°a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are.”译文:老头儿说: “听人说,从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。