大学汉英翻译教程-Note

Unit11.We all sensed we were coming to the end of our stay here,that we would never get a chance li ke this again,and we became determined not to waste it.Most important of course were the fina l exams in April and May in the following year.No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in c lass,so the peer group pressure to work hard was strong.Libraries which were once empty after f ive o’clock in the afternoon were standing room only until the early hours of the morning,and guys wo re the bags under their eyes and their pale,sleepy faces with pride,like medals proving their dilig ence.我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。

当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。

我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。

以前每天下午五点以后，图书馆就空无一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。

2Tomorrow?It’s all a lie;there isn’t a tomorrow.There’s only a promissory note that we are often not ina position to cash.It doesn’t even exist.When you wake up in the morning it’ll be today again and allthe same rules will apply.Tomorrow is just another version of now,an empty field that will remai n sounless we start planting some seeds.Your time,which is ticking away as we speak(at about60se condsa minute chronologically;a bit faster if you don’t invest your time wisely),will be gone and you’llhave nothing to show for it but regret and a rear-view mirror full of“could haves”,“should h aves”and“would haves”.明天行吗？明天只是个谎言；根本就没有什么明天，只有一张我们常常无法兑现的期票。

翻译理论与实践（以《英语翻译教程》南开大学出版社为基础）第一讲翻译概述一、翻译的概念1．广义的翻译指语言与语言、语言与非语言等代码转换和基本信息的传达。

它包括不同语言间的翻译（如英汉互译）语言变体间的翻译（如古今语言、不同方言的互译）、语言与其他交际符号的转换（如把交通规则画成交通标志）。

他对翻译的内容只强调“基本信息”，不强调“完全的忠实”。

也有翻译家提出“理解也是翻译”的理论，这就把语言与思维也包括在广义的翻译里了。

2．狭义的翻译指语言活动，是把一种语言所表达的内容中式地用另一种远表达出来。

这个定义强调“是一种语言活动”，表明它是人类多种交际方式中语言交际的沟通；强调“一种语言到另一种语言”，排除了同一语言间各变体的互译；强调“忠实地”，避免了翻译与释义或改写的混淆。

奈达（Eugene Nida）“Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style.”(Nida & Taber: The Theory and Practice of Translation)我们的翻译课讲的就是狭义的翻译，并专指“书面表达内容”，以区别于有独特之处的口译（interpretation）。

二、翻译的分类1．从所涉及的代码性质看，可分为语内翻译（intralingual translation）、语际翻译（interlingual translation）和语符翻译（intersemiotic translation）。

语内翻译是同一种语言见不同语言变体的翻译，如把古汉语译成现代汉语，把黑话译成一般语言（雷子，一方）；语际翻译是不同语言间的翻译，是狭义翻译研究的对象；语符翻译是用非文字符号解释文字符号，如图画、手势、音乐符号等。

1. 在坚强意志的驱动下，他终于完成了他所承担的任务。

Driven by a strong will, he eventually fulfilled the task he had undertaken2. 他许诺一到那儿就给我写信，但至今仍杳无音信。

He promised to write to me as soon as he got there, but nothing has been heard of him so far. 3. 老板从来没有对任何员工如此满意过，这个年轻人确实是个难得的人才。

The boss has never been so pleased with any employee before. The young man is a real find. 4.在医生和护士的帮助下，病人再一次站了起来，不久便重新开始工作。

With the help of the doctors and nurses, the patient was able to stand on his feet once more and soon resumed working.5．老人那张布满皱纹的脸表明了他一辈子所忍受的苦难。

The old man’s wrinkled face spoke of the hardships he had endured in his life.6. 当她身体恢复了一些，她就倚在窗口，望着孩子们在草地上玩耍。

When she recovered somewhat, she leaned on the window watching the children play on the lawn.1. 他没有通过考试，但这是他自己的过错，他从来就不用功。

He failed the test but it was his own fault; he never did any work.2．她告诉我她被一个自称(claim)为银行家儿子的年轻人骗了。

心之所向，所向披靡英语精读课后翻译英译汉:Ｕniｔ１1.Ｆｉnａｌly , with my moｔｈer red in thｅfａceａnd ｓhort ofbreatｈ,we fｉnd Ｒoｏm8 , Ｉunlocｋthｅｄoor ,and we aｌｌwaｌk in ．译:等我们终于找到８号房间的时候，妈妈已经涨红了脸,累得上气接不上下气。

我打开门锁,我们都走了进去。

2.Ｓhe impresseｓmｅ, and I feeｌso ignorａnt tｈat I ｓhouｌdn’t even breａthe the same air aｓher .译：她给我留下了深刻的印象,我觉得自己太无知了,甚至不配跟她呼吸同样的空气。

3.I ｄｏn’t know why I ｈａve to ｂe iｎtroducｅｄto literaｔurebuｔｔhe woman in tｈe aｄmiｓｓions oｆｆicｅsａys if it’ｓ a requiｒement even thｏugh I’ｖe read Dｏsｔoyevｓky anｄMelｖille aｎd that’ｓadmirable for sｏmeoｎe ｗithｏut a high ｓcｈｏol educａtｉo ｎ.译:我不知道为什么我非得了解文学。

可是招生办公室的那位女士说,虽然我读过陀思妥耶夫斯基和梅尔维尔的小说,虽然一个没上过高中的人能读这些书的确令人钦佩，但这门课是必修课。

4.I’m iｎhｅaveｎand tｈe ｆｉrst ｔhｉnｇtｏdｏｉs bｕｙｔｈe reｑｕireｄｔextboｏks,cｏｖer them wiｔh the pｕrｐle and white NYU book jａｃｋetｓsｏthａt peｏple iｎthe ｓubwａy w ｉllｌｏok at ｍｅａｄmｉｒingly .译:我乐得飘飘然了,第一件事就是去买所需要的课本,然后用纽约大学紫白相间的护封把它们套起来,这样地铁里的乘客就会向我投来艳羡的目光了。

综合练习及详解说明：该附录全面收录《大学英汉翻译教程》(第4版)（王治奎主编）中的综合练习1和综合练习2，每篇短文后面不仅有参考译文，而且还有列举出相应的翻译要点及解析，对于以该书为教材的考生来说，具有极高的参考价值和较强的指导性，同时可以帮助考生巩固该书所学内容。

综合练习1及详解1Four score①and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this②.But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note,nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget③what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth④.(From Living Documents of American History)【参考译文】87①年前，我们的先辈在这个大陆上建立了一个以自由为理想，以人人平等为宗旨的新国家。

In recent years, more and more museums in China have been open to the public free of charge. The number of museum exhibitions and visitors to the museum has seen an obvious increase. It has become very common to see that people stand in long queues in front of some widely popular museums. Therefore, these museums must take measures to restrict the number of visitors. Nowadays, the forms of exhibitions become increasingly diverse. Some large museums use advanced technologies such as multimedia and virtual reality to make their exhibitions more attractive. Quite a few museums also hold online exhibitions where people can enjoy the sight of rare and precious exhibits. However, the experience of viewing the exhibits on site is still more appealing to most visitors.近年来，中国越来越多的博物馆免费向公众开放。

博物馆展览次数和参观人数都明显增长。

第一章绪论1.1 翻译的性质和分类1. 翻译的定义：翻译是将一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言、跨文化的交际活动。

翻译的本质是释义，是意义的转换。

2. 翻译的分类：按文本而言，分为文学翻译、科技翻译、应用文翻译就方式而言，分为全译、摘译、编译。

全译：全文照译，全译是翻译的最基本方式，它是翻译的基础。

摘译：根据特定目的的摘取、翻译原文中的部分内用，以利译文读者更方便，更快捷的获取原文文献主要信息的方式。

编译：则是“编辑”和“”翻译的结合。

3.翻译活动涉及的因素：译者：translator, 作者：author, 原文: source text，原文读者: source-text readers译文：target text/translated text/target version, 译文读者: target-text readers1.2 汉英翻译的单位----句子句子：句子是用词或词组构成的一个能够表达一个完整意思的语言单位。

每个句子都有一定的语调，表示陈述、疑问、祈使、感叹等语气。

在连续说话时，句子和句子中间有一个较大的停顿。

在书面上，句子的停顿处，要根据不同的语调分别用句号、问号火感叹号。

（定义来自《汉语大辞典》）从意义上讲，句子能够表示一个完整的意思从功能上讲，句子表示陈述、疑问、祈使、感叹等语气从形态上讲，句末有句号、问号或感叹号为标志因此，句子是较为理想的翻译单位。

1.3 汉英翻译的标准1．严复的标准信：faithfulness 指准确的传达原文的内容，即信于读者和作者，不允许对原作有任何歪曲或篡改，译作不容许有任何遗漏和省略。

达：expressiveness 指译文使用标准汉语，即译文语言应通俗明白，不应模棱两可，晦涩难懂，不滥用陈词滥调，繁文缛句，也不应有粗枝大叶的错误雅：elegance 指译文的美学价值，它体现在修辞、文体、韵律、诗意和心理等五个方面2. 刘重德的标准信：faithfulness 信于原文内容to be faithful to the content of the original达：expressiveness 具备原为一样的表现力to be as expressive as the original切: closeness 尽可能的切近原文的风格to be as close to the original style as possible3. 泰勒的西方翻译标准译文应该完全传达原文的思想 a translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work译文的风格和笔调应与原文一致the style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original译文应像原文一样流畅 a translation should have all the ease of the original compositon4. 张培基的标准—使用语初学者忠实：faithfulness, 忠实于原作的内容和风格通顺：smoothness, 译文语言必须通俗易懂，符合规范5．本书的标准功能相似，语义相符，similarity in function and correspondence in meaning6. 语言的功能A, 信息功能：informative function =所指功能：referential function, 它是语言传达信息，影响他人认知的功能B. 表情功能: expressive function, 它是语言表达言者或作何，即言语始发者的思想感情的功能。

大学高阶英语教材翻译课文（正文）```Introduction```With the increasing demand for English language proficiency in today's globalized world, the teaching and learning of translation in advanced English textbooks for university students have become crucial. This article aims to discuss the translation of course texts in advanced English textbooks for university students.```The Importance of Translation in Advanced English Textbooks```Translation plays a significant role in advanced English textbooks as it not only enhances students' language skills but also provides them with a deep understanding of both the source and target languages. The inclusion of translation exercises in these textbooks allows students to apply their knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, and cultural nuances, thus facilitating their language acquisition process.```Strategies for Translating Course Texts```1. Understanding the Source Text: Before beginning the translation process, students must thoroughly comprehend the source text. They should pay attention to the context, structure, and main ideas conveyed by the original text.2. Analyzing Cultural and Linguistic Differences: Advanced English textbooks often consist of texts originating from various cultures and backgrounds. Students need to be aware of the cultural and linguistic discrepancies between the source and target languages to ensure accurate translation.3. Preserving the Style and Tone: In translation, it is essential to maintain the author's intended style and tone. Students should strive to reflect the original text's voice and register while adapting it to the target language.4. Retaining the Meaning: The primary goal of translation is to convey the meaning of the source text accurately. Students should prioritize semantic equivalence and avoid mistranslations or misinterpretations.5. Proofreading and Editing: After completing the initial translation, students should carefully proofread and edit their work. This step ensures that the final translation is error-free and effectively conveys the intended message.```Challenges in Translating Course Texts```1. Idiomatic Expressions: Idiomatic expressions pose challenges in translation as they often do not have direct equivalents in the target language. Students must employ their creativity and knowledge of both languages to find appropriate alternative expressions.2. Cultural Nuances: Various cultural nuances and references embedded in the source text can be challenging to translate accurately. Students should be sensitive to cultural contexts and use their cultural knowledge to convey the intended meaning in the target language.3. Sentence Structure: Different languages have varying sentence structures, making translation a complex task. Students must carefully analyze the grammatical structure of the original text and ensure its coherence and readability in the target language.4. Ambiguity: Some texts may contain deliberate ambiguity. Translating such ambiguity requires students to make informed decisions while considering the author's intended meaning and maintaining textual integrity.```Conclusion```In conclusion, the translation of course texts in advanced English textbooks for university students is a valuable tool for enhancing language skills and cultural understanding. By employing effective translation strategies and overcoming the challenges posed, students can develop their translation abilities and gain a comprehensive grasp of both the source and target languages.(Note: This is a sample article for the given title. The actual content may vary based on specific requirements and course objectives.)。