状语从句的省略
一：状语从句中的省略省略句的规则
1.当从句的主语和主句的主语一致(或者从句的主语为it)．
2.从句谓语中包含be动词．如：be doing,be done, be to do, be +adj
在此种情况下可以省去从句的主语和be动词．保留be之后的部分，被保留部分常为现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词等。
1. Don’t speak until（you are）spoken to .
2. I’ll buy a TV set if （it is ）necessary.
3. While（I was ）walking walking alone in the street, I heard my name called.
4.Tom raised his hand as if (he was ) to say something.
二：常见的几种状语从句的省略
1.when，while，as, until引导的时间状语从句的省略
while(they are)visiting the city．they reeeived a warm welcom
when(he was)asked why he was late，he kept silent．
●注意After finishing his homework,he went home happily.
Before being repaired, the TV set needs a careful examination.
2.if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句的省略
Onee(it is)begun．it must be done well．
Unless（you are invited) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
Correct mistakes, if any.
3.though，although,even if,even though引导的让步状语从句的省略
Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university.
4.as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句的省略
He shook his head as if (he was）to say: “Don’t trust her”.
She left the room hurriedly as if( she was) angry.
He stared at the girl as if (he was) seeing her for the first time.
You should finish the homework as (you are)required.
5. than引导的比较状语从句的省略
They sent us much more materials than required.
1._____________________ (在北京的时候), I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.
2. ____________________(当是个年轻人的时候), Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster.
3.He has no money_____(要是有的话), he will give us.
4._____________(除非修理), the machine is of no use.
5. _______________________(要是给更多的关注), The boy could have turned out better.
6. A girl stood at the gate of the school as if _________ _____________________(跟老师讲话).
7.这次展览比预料的有趣.
8..她张开嘴好象要大哭起来.
9.除非邀请,否则我不会去参加这次晚会.
10.明天早点起来,要是不起来的话,你就赶不上第一班车了.
11当我在做作业时,我听到有人喊救命.
12.他篮球打得即使没你好,也起码一样好.
1.When ________ , the museum will open to the public next year . (complete)
2.The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _______every day. (water)
3. The boss, not the workers should be responsible for the accident. They just carried out the order as__(tell
4. When _______what they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. ( ask)
5.One day while ________(work) at the cash register in the gift shop,I saw an elderly couple.
6.When_______(finish),the knot looks identical from both the front and back.
7.They promise to take action,_____needed, to maintain financial stability in the euro area as a whole.
8.The building was still shaking while I_______(walk) along the road.
9.Friendship is like money: easier made than _____ .(keep)
10.When I was at your age my father told me that I should go and work wherever ____ most. (need)
二since，before，after引导的状语从句有时可以变成介词短语或分词短语。如：
They had not met any more since leaving（=since they left）school.
Having finished（After he had finished）middle school，she entered Beijing University.
③原因状语从句如果主从句主语一致，也可以将从句省略为分词短语，介词短语或独立结构。如：Being（=As he is）the oldest，Bill looks after his little sisters.
Because of smoking（=Because he smokes）too much，Linda doesn’t look healthy.
④so that，in order that引导的目的状语从句，若主从句主语一致，可以用动词不定式短语so as to或in order to代替。如：
I left early so as to（=so that I could）catch the first bus.
⑤so that，so…that引导的结果或程度状语从句如果主从句主语一致，可以用“enough + 不定式”或“too…to”结构代替。如：
Tom studied hard enough to pass（=Tom studied hard so that he passed）the examination.
She was too tired to（so tired that she couldn't）go any farther.
⑥if引导的条件状语从句，常可省去从句中的主语和系动词，转换为介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语或独立结构。如：
If（it is）possible，I will help you.
With her help（=If I had help from her），I could do the experiment.
⑦as，than引导的比较状语从句中，与主句相同的部分可以省略。如：
He is a head taller than I（am tall）.
★When ____for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
A. asking
B. asked
C. having asked
D. to be asked
★Film has a much shorter history, especially when _____such art form as music and painting.
A. having compared to
B. comparing to
C. compare to
D. compared to
★The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if_____ regularly, can improve our health.
A. being carried out
B. carrying out
C. carried out
D. to carry out
★We all know that,____ , the situation will get worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with
B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with
D. not if carefully dealt with
★When ____about what she thought of the movie, she just said it was worth seeing a second time.
A. asked
B. asking
C. being asked
D. to be asked
★ In classes, you’d better understand as much as possible while_____ notes.
A. talking
B. talk
C. taken
D. to take
★Online shopping, when properly_____, can save a lot of time, money and energy.
A. done
B. is done
C. having done
D. doing
★Though ____of danger, sightseeers have been flocking to the site where the world’s biggest terrorist Binlade n lived.
A. warned
B. warning
C. being warned
D. having warned
★No one can walk the wire in the air without a bit of fear unless ____very young.
A. having trained
B. trained
C. to be trained
D. being trained
★His play was popular and every time _____about it, he owed his success to the support of his friends.
A. talking
B. talked
C. to talk
D. when talking
★The footballer didn’t succeed in scoring , though _____several chances by his team-mmates.
A. was given
B. being given
C. giving
D. given
一、时间状语从句中的省略 When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano. 她很小时，就开始学习弹钢琴。 While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student. 我在上大学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有能力的学生。 When arriving, send me a telegram. (When you arrive, send me a telegram.) 到达之后，来个电报。 Before leaving, turn off all the lights. (Before you leave, turn off all the lights.) 走之前，请关闭所有的灯。 Don’t come in until (you are) asked to. 不叫你请你不要进来。 Whenever (it is )possible, you should come and help. 不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙。 You should let us know the result as soon as(it is) possible. 你应尽快让我们知道结果。 注：as在引导时间状语从句时，没有这种省略现象。我们不可说As walking, she found a nice shining thing on the ground. 二、地点状语从句中的省略 地点状语从句的省略常用下列结构：where(ver) possible, where(ver) necessary, Lay these books where possible you can find them easily. 把这些书放在你可能容易找到的地方。 Put in articles wherever necessary in the following passages. 在下列文章中需要的地方填入冠词。 三、条件状语从句中的省略 常用的句型是：if necessary, if possible, if true, if anyone等。如： Send the goods now if (they are) ready. 货物如果准备好了，请送过来。 He will come if (he is) asked. 如果叫他来，他就来。 If (it is) necessary, ring me at home. 如果有必要，朝我家里打电话。 Come along with me if (it is) possible. 如果有可能和我一起去吧。 If (it is) true, this will casue us a lot of trouble. 如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多麻烦。 There are few people nowadays, if (there are) any, who remember him. 很少有人能记起他。 You should stay where you are, unless (you are) asked to leave. 你应呆在你现在的地方不动，除非叫你动。 四、让步状语从句中的省略 He is a good man, though sometimes (he is) rather dull. 他真是个好人，尽管有时有点无聊。 Even if (I am ) invited to, I won’t go to such a bad lecture. 即使邀我去，我都不想听如此坏的报告。 五、比较状语从句中的省略 She can play the piano just as wonderfully as you (do). 她钢琴弹的我你弹的一样好。 She has finished the work earlier than (it has been ) expected.她完成得比预期要早。
2020高考状语从句精讲精练 一．高考链接： 1.(2020北京)Leave your key with a neighbour________you lock yourself out one day. A.ever since B.even if C.soon after D.in case 答案：D句意：留一把钥匙给你的邻居以防哪天你忘了带钥匙进不了门。A、B、C三项均不符合题意，只有D项表示“以防，以免”符合逻辑，故选择D. 2.(2020天津) It is d ifficult for us to learn a lesson in life_______we’ve actually had that lesson . A.until B.after C.since D.when 答案：A句意：在亲身经历之前，我们很难去体会生活中的教训。根据题意，B、C、D项均不符合逻辑，只有A项最佳。只是对于until的考查已不再像过去那样考查not…until句型，由此题看出，对该词的考查已趋于复杂。 3.(2020上海)Pop music is such an important part of society________it has even influced our language . A.as B.that C.which D.where 答案：B句意：流行音乐是社会中如此重要的一部分以至于它影响了我们的语言。本题考查“such…that”句型，that引导结果状语从句。本题考生很可能误选A，构成“such…as”结构，但该结构中的as引导的是定语从句，而定语从句需是一个残缺的句子，it has even influence our language并不残缺，故选A项错误。4.(2020北京) He found it increasingly difficult to read,_________his eyesight was beginning to fail. A.and B.for C.but D.or 答案：B for 在此处为并列连词，解释前一句的情况。 5.(2020湖南) I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busy drying myself with a towel______ I heard the steps.
状语从句的省略 状语从句的省略有以下几种情况： （1）在状语从句中如果主语与主句的主语一致，同时从句中又含有动词be则通常可省去从句中的主语和动词be，留下其余部分。 1.She stood at the gate as if （she was ）waiting for someone. 她站在门口好像在等人。 2．The woman teacher hurriedly left the classroom as though（she was ）angry. 这位女教师匆匆忙忙离开教室，好像生气了。 3. The man , while （he is ）over eighty, can walk faster than I .这人虽年过八十，却比我走得快。 4. Don’t speak until （you are ）spoken to. 有人对你说话时你才说。 5 .Be careful while （you are）crossing the road. 过马路时要当心。 6 .When (it is) heated, ice can turn into water. 冰经过加热能变成水。 （2）若状语从句中主语是it，动词是系动词be，则通常可省去主语it及系动词be，留下其余部分。 1. Though (it was) cold，he still wore a shirt．天气虽然冷，他还穿一件衬衫。 2. Come tomorrow if (it is) possible．可能的话就明天来吧。 3. If (it is) so，you must get back and get it．如果这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。 4.I’11 buy a TV set if (it is) necessary．如有必要，我就买一台电视机。 5. Everything went on better than (it had been) expected．一切进展得比预料的顺利。 6. No matter how difficult(it may be)，we are determined to carry the research to the end． 不管有多困难，我们决心把研究进行到底。 （3）状语从句中的部分内容若与主句的部分内容相同，可将从句中的此部分内容省去。 1. He has no money．If (he has) any，he will give us．他没有钱，如果有，他会给我们的。 2. Some flowers shut up at night as if (they did this in order) to sleep．有些花夜间收拢，好像为了睡眠一样。 1. Your teachers will take your recent illness into consideration when they mark your exams. 你的几位老师评定你的考试成绩时，会考虑到你最近生病的情况。 2. Taking everything into consideration ,the result was better than I expected. 从各方面考虑，结果比我预料的好。 状语从句省略具体分析。 一．时间状语从句的省略。这类从句主要由when，while，as soon as，once，until等引导。 例如： When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano. 她很小时，就开始学习弹钢琴。 When arriving, send me a telegram. (When you arrive, send me a telegram.) 到达之后，来个电报。 While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student. 我在上大学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有能力的学生。 Before leaving, turn off all the lights. (Before you leave, turn off all the lights.) 走之前，请关闭所有的灯。 Whenever (it is ) possible, you should come and help. 不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙。 Don’t come in until (you are) asked to. 不叫你请你不要进来。 You should let us know the result as soon as (it is) possible. 你应尽快让我们知道结果。
状语从句 用一个句子（从句）来作另一个句子（主句）的状语，用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如：条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。 状语从句的分类： （1）时间状语从句 凡是从句都必须有引导词，引导时间状语从句的词有when，before，after，until，as soon as，while 等。 （2）条件状语从句 主要看一下由if引导的条件状语从句。if 意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句时，表示假如有从句的动作发生就（不）会有主句的动作发生。例如： If it doesn't rain tomorrow，we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。 If I get there early，I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里，我就可以快点看病。 3）地点状语从句用法要点 常用where（哪里）和wherever（无论哪里）eg. Where there is a will，there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 We will go wherever the motherland need us most. 我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。（4）原因状语从句用法要点 常用的引导连词有because，as和since，三者的区别是：在回答问题的时候，使用because；对于显而易见的原因，常用as或since；as和since的从句常放在主句之前，而because的从句常放在主句之后。eg. Why did you go？I went because Tom told me to go. 你为何去？那是因为汤姆叫我去。 He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise. 他很生气不是因为我们来迟了，而是因为我们弄出了声音。 As it was raining hard，we had to be indoors. 由于雨太大，我们只好呆在家里。Since you feel ill，you'd better not go to work. 既然你感觉不舒服，你最好不要去上班了。 （5）目的状语从句用法要点 常用的引导连词有so that，that和in order that译为：以便，为了，目的是。eg. Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes. 请讲慢一点，以便我们能作详细笔记。 I shall write down your address that I may not forget. 我要把你的地址记下来，以免忘记。 I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time. 这封信我以航空信发出，以便他能及时收到。 注：目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语。eg. We work harder than usual finish it in a week. 我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一周
专题十状语从句和并列句常考点 状语从句是一项较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语(或其他动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。掌握状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词。 1状语从句中从属连词when， while，as的多种含义 when：当……时候；就在那时；既然；虽然；在……之后； as：一边……一边；随着；虽然；因为；依照，如……； while：在……期间；而；虽然。
用when，while和as填空： ①He will take my place ________ I am away. ②I was having my lunch ________ the fire alarm went off. ③________ you have finished your work，you may have a rest. ④________ he swam，he cried for help. ⑤________ the Internet is of great help，I don't think it good to spend too much time on it. 【答案】①while②when③When④As⑤While 2as引导让步状语从句 as引导让步状语从句时要倒装，若是倒装，需将所强调的成分即名词(句首名词不能有任何冠词)、形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前。 [注]①though引导状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装，although不能引起倒装。 ②as，though，although引导从句时，后面的主句不能有but，但可以和still，yet 连用。
关于状语从句的省略问题 在英语学习中我们常见到状语从句省略问题,但并不是所有的状语从句都可采取省略式，可采用省略式的有： 1.when ,while, till, until, once 所引导的时间状语从句。 2.if, unless 所引导的条件状语从句。 3.although, though, even if , even though所引导的让步状语从句。 4.as if, as though所引导的方式状语从句。 5.than 所引导的比较状语从句。 状语从句使用省略的四种情况: 一：当从句的主语和主句的主语一致（从句的谓语常含有系动词be）时，常把从句的主语和系动词一起省略，省略后从句呈现出：Conj+doing /done/adj/adv/to do/n/介短 Eg： 1.You must be careful when (you are )crossing the street. 2.When (he was) asked why he was late, he said he had missed the train. 3.When /while (he was ) in Paris, he picked up some French. 4.Once ( it is ) seen, it will never be forgotten. 5.Unless ( I am ) invited, I won’t attend his wedding. 6.Though (he was )young/a boy, Tom knows a lot. 7.Even if/though (he is )invited, he won’t go.
高考必考语法精讲精练专题十一：并列句与状语从句(含解析) -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
高考必考语法精讲精练 语法专题十一：并列句与状语从句 状语从句是比较重要的语法项目。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中将状语从句列为必考项。全国卷新课标Ⅰ对状语从句的考查一般在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查从句引导词的用法。 2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查状语从句。 2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第43题（完形填空）考查了状语从句引导词Since /Although /As /If的选择。 2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查状语从句。 一、并列句 (一) 并列连词 ①They come from the same country，and they are good friends. ②I was glad to meet Jenny again, but I didn't want to spend all day with her.(2013·新课标卷Ⅱ) ③It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over. ④Yesterday, I forgot to pick my daughter up, so she waited in the kindergarten for nearly two hours. ⑤Would you like to leave or would you like to stay? 规律总结： 1．表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。 2. 表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but, yet(然而), whereas(然而，但是), while(然而)等。 3．表示因果关系的并列连词有for, so等。 4．表示选择关系常用的并列连词有or, either ... or ..., not ... but, neither ... nor ...等。 (二) 祈使句＋and/or/otherwise句式 ①Work hard and you will succeed. ＝If you work hard, you will succeed. ②Hurry up or we will be late. ＝If you don't hurry up, we will be late. ③A few more efforts and you will succeed. ＝If you make a few more efforts, you will succeed. 规律总结： 1．祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If ...，＋主句。 2．祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句＝If ... not ...，＋主句。 二、状语从句
状语从句的省略 一：状语从句中的省略省略句的规则 1.当从句的主语和主句的主语一致(或者从句的主语为it)． 2.从句谓语中包含be动词．如：be doing,be done, be to do, be +adj 在此种情况下可以省去从句的主语和be动词．保留be之后的部分，被保留部分常为现在分词、过 去分词、不定式、形容词等。 1. Don’t speak until（you are）spoken to . 2. I’ll buy a TV set if （it is ）necessary. 3. While（ I was ）walking walking alone in the street, I heard my name called. 4.Tom raised his hand as if (he was ) to say something. 二：常见的几种状语从句的省略 1.when，while，as, until引导的时间状语从句的省略 while(they are)visiting the city．they reeeived a warm welcom when(he was)asked why he was late，he kept silent． ●注意After finishing his homework,he went home happily. Before being repaired, the TV set needs a careful examination. 2.if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句的省略 Onee(it is)begun．it must be done well． Unless（you are invited) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. Correct mistakes, if any. 3.though，although,even if,even though引导的让步状语从句的省略 Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university. 4.as though，as if，as引导的方式状语从句的省略 He shook his head as if (he was）to say: “Don’t trust her”. She left the room hurriedly as if( she was) angry. He stared at the girl as if (he was) seeing her for the first time. You should finish the homework as (you are)required. 5. than引导的比较状语从句的省略 They sent us much more materials than required.
状语从句xx省略 状语从句得省略原则主要就是：如果从句中得主语与主句中得主语一致，就可以经过一定得变动把状语从句中得主语与谓语得一部分或全部省略，从而使语言更加简洁、明了。现就把各种状语从句得省略现象列举如下： 一、时间状语从句xx省略 When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano、她很小时，就开始学习弹钢琴。 While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student、我在上大学时就开始认识她，一个奇怪但有能力得学生。 When arriving, send me a telegram、(When you arrive, send me a telegram、)到达之后，来个电报。Before leaving, turn off all the lights、(Before you leave, turn off all the lights、)走之前，请关闭所有得灯。 Don’t come in until (you are) asked to、不叫您请您不要进来。 Whenever (it is )possible, you should come and help、不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙。 You should let us know the result as soon as(it is) possible、您应尽快让我们知道结果。 注：as在引导时间状语从句时，没有这种省略现象。我们不可说As walking, she found a nice shining thing on the ground、 二、地点状语从句xx省略 地点状语从句得省略常用下列结构：where(ver) possible, where(ver) necessary, Lay these books where possible you can find them easily、把这些书放在您可能容易找到得地方。
状语从句的省略 华中师范大学丁金海 本期主要探讨在状语从句中，省略主谓部分的语言现象。 小测： 观察下面几个句子，将状语从句中省略的部分补齐： ①For others,academic concepts seemed much easier to remember when introduced in a song. ②Although acknowledging that the best works at the Place Dauphine were by women artists,he castigated parents who"cruelly"encouraged their daughters to become professional artists. ③Found throughout the South,pokeweed is traditionally the first green plant to show up each spring and is best eaten when very young and tender. ④If necessary,she would just write the article without the interview. ⑤What drugs,if any,did Murray give Michael Jackson? ⑥I wish it were that simple,but it rarely,if ever,is. ⑦When in doubt,don't open an e-mail message，especially if it includes an attachment. ⑧As a small child,my earliest remembrance of music was listening to my older sister play the piano while I attempted to sleep in an upstairs room. 在上述句子中，都带有一个状语从句，而且从句均出现了省略现象，状语从句中的省略是常见的语言现象，这样显得语言更加简洁、明了。通过分析，我们可以将上述句子的被省略部分补齐。解析是： ①….When they were introduced in a song.②Although he acknowledged that…③…when it is very young and tender.④If it is necessary for her to just write,she….⑤What drugs,if there were any,…?⑥I wish….,if it is ever that simple,is.⑦When you are in doubt, don't open…⑧As I was a small child,…. 状语从句的省略根据其省略后的形式分为两种类型：①带连词的无动词状语从句，即“连词+名词/形容词/介词短语”结构②带连词的非限定动词状语从句，即“连词+分词/动词不定式”结构。 一、带连词的无动词状语从句 1.连词+名词 小测：省略下面句子里面的状语从句中的冗余部分。 ①He inspected me as if he were a prosecutor. ②As he was a young adult,he worked as a carpenter,then started his own construction business. ③When he was a young boy,Hugh Brogan,wrote to tell Tolkien how much he enjoyed learning about hobbits,dwarfs,and elves. ④Though he is a soft-spoken fellow,he's a tough taskmaster who demands originality and initiative and is very blunt about the kind of people who anchor his news shows. 小测的答案是：①He inspected me as if a prosecutor.②As a young adult,he worked as a carpenter,then started his own construction business.③When a young boy,Hugh Brogan,wrote to tell Tolkien how much he enjoyed learning about hobbits,dwarfs,and elves.④Though a soft-spoken fellow,he's a tough taskmaster who demands originality and initiative and is very blunt about the kind of people who anchor his news shows. 通过上面的小测解析，我们不难看出，被省掉的部分是与主句相同的主语和be动词。再如：He acts as if(he were)a fool.他的行为举止好象是个傻子。 As(he was)a young artist,he entered and won first place in a major illustration competition
状语从句 时间状语从句 (1)表示时间的状语从句可以由when，whenever，as，while，before，until，ever since，as soon as等词引导。 As a young man (＝When he was a young man)，he was fond of hunting.他年轻时，喜欢打猎。When the rain stopped，students rushed out of the classroom. 雨停了，学生们冲出教室。 My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. 我做作业时母亲在做饭。 We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain. 我们刚要出发，突然下起雨来。 It will be half a year before I come back. 我半年之后才回来。 (2)名词词组引导时间状语从句：every/each time每一次；the moment/minute那时(一……就……)；the first/second time 第一/二次；the last time最后一次；the day那一天；the week 那一周等。 Every time I see him，he looks miserable. 每次我看见他，他都是一副愁眉苦脸的样子。 He said he’d phone you the moment he got home. 他说他一到家就给你打电话。 (3)as soon as，instantly，directly，immediately等表示从句动作一发生，主句动作随即发生，通常意为“一……就……”，也可引起表示时间的状语从句。 The moment I saw it，I fell in love with it. 我一看见它就爱上了它。 Directly I had done it，I knew I had made a mistake. 我一做完，就知道犯了个错误。 He rushed upstairs immediately he heard a loud noise. 他一听到大的响动就冲上了楼梯。 (4)no sooner...than 和hardly...when引导的从句表示“刚……就……”。主句中的动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时。若把no sooner，hardly提到句首，主句须倒装。
时间状语从句和省略 一、时间状语从句 1. 某些易用错的连词。 (1) 连词immediately / directly / instantly和词组the moment, the minute意为“一……就……”，相当于as soon as。如： The thief ran away the moment / directly he saw the policeman. [注意] a. immediately / directly / instantly也是副词，在句中作状语。如： I didn’t immediately realize how serious the situation was. b. 介词on / upon +名词/ V-ing也表示“一……就……”。如： Yao Ming was surrounded by the media on his arrival at the airport. On seeing the painting by Van Gogh, I fell in love with it at once. (2) 词组the first time, the last time, each time, every time以及by the time，都引导时间状语从句。如： The first time I spoke English before foreigners, I was a student of high school. Every time I meet the policeman at that crossroads, he will give me a big smile. [注意] for the first time是介词短语，意为“第一次……”，常用来作状语。 They had a face-to-face talk for the first time. (3) when, while和as引导时间状语从句的区别： when引导时间状语从句时，可与短暂性动词连用，也可与延续性动词连用；而 while只能与延续性动词连用；as表示两个动作的同时性，意为“一边……，一边……”。如： When I entered the classroom, all the students looked up at me curiously. Could you look after Robert while I am preparing the report?
定语从句省略 1. 关系词充当从句的宾语的时候，可以直接省略，而从句不发生任何形式的改变。 This is the right book that you are looking for. = This is the right book you are looking for. 2. 关系词充当从句的主语时，如果谓语结构为实词，将关系代词进行省略，而从 句中的实词要发生形式的改变。如果原本从句是一个主动语态，可以将动词直接变成ing形式。如果原本谓语动词是一个被动语态，可以直接保留过去分词。 如Fruit that contains VC can relieve a cold.=Fruit containing VC can relieve a cold. 3.如果谓语结构为be+名词，这时，可以将be动词同时省略，将后面的名词和 前面从句所修饰的名词构成同位语结构。如I know Lucy who is the leader of the team.= I know Lucy, the leader of the team. 4. 3.先行词为the way, 后面的关系代词可以是that, in which或者是不加任何关 系代词。如：I like the way you talk. 5. 直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that，直接用于介词后作宾 语的关系代词whom不能换成who。但若介词用于句末，则用作宾语的which, whom也可换成that, who 6.（1）which用于下列情况：( I )如果引导的是非限定性定语从句; （II）关系代词充当介词的 宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前;（III）先行词本身是that等。（2）that用于下列情况：( I ) 先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词；（II）先行词被all, any, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰；（III）先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；（IV）先行词被the only, the very(正是、恰是),the last修饰；（V）先行词中既有人也有物；（VI）在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句等。另外需要注意：先行词是the way，并在定语从句充当状语时，关系代词用that或省略，若用which,其前加介词in。 疑问：This was the house in which they lived last year. 是否存在这种方式并正确—— This was the house that they lived in last year. 7.当关系词在从句中充当主语时，可以省略，后面的动词发生形式变化—— 主动语态时，动词变成-ING形式 被动语态时，动词保留过去分词形式 I know the girl who comes from BJ. I often like reading short novels which were written by Hemingway. I often like reading short novels written by Hemingway. I raise a dog which is named KING. * I raise a dog named KING. I believe the candidate who made the speech in the assembly yesterday is sure to win the support. *I believe the candidate making the speech in the assembly yesterday is sure to win the support. I know the boy who was praised by the teacher. The book which is related to the development has been published recently. They lived in a house facing the south. = They lived in a house which faced the south. The workers working in the factory are well-paid. = The workers who work in the factory are well-paid. = The workers who are working in the factory are well-paid. The tie worn by our head was made in Shanghai. = The tie which is worn by our head was made in Shanghai. The book written by Wang sells well. = The book which was written by Wang sells well.
专题九状语从句 一、地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。 Where there is a will, there is a way. Wherever you go，I'm right here waiting for you. 二、方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as, (just)as...so..., as if, as though引导。 1．as，(just)as...so...引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但当(just)as...so...结构位于句首时，as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如；就像”，多用于正式文体。 Always do to the others as you would be done by. As water is to fish, so air is to man. Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 2.as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反；有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。译作“仿佛……似的；好像……似的”。They completely ignore these facts as if (as though)they never existed. He looks as if ( as though)he had been hit by lighting. It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 三、原因状语从句 比较because, since, as和for的用法： 1．because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知的，就用as或since。 I didn't go, because I was afraid. Since / As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2．由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today. 四、目的状语从句