第n次课 直宾与间宾

补充：直接引语、间接引语引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是讲述别人的原话，并把它放在引号里，这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语。

直接引语和间接引语之间可以互相转换。

如何变句型：①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。

如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.②直接引语如果是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?"→He asked John if he could swim."Y ou have finished the homework, haven…t you?" my mother asked.→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homew ork."Do you go to school by bus or by bike?"→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。

She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell (ask) sb (not) to do sth."句型。

"Don‟t make any noise," she said to the children.→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise."Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.⑤直接引语如果是以“Let…s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。

”如：He said, "Let‟s go to the film."→He suggested going to the film. 或He suggested that they should go to see thefilm.⑥直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。

She said, "What a lovely day it is !"→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.⑦如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。

He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.注意：在以下几种情况下。

在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。

①直接引语是客观真理。

②直接引语如果是一般现在时。

表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。

He said, "I get up at six every morning。

" →He said he gets up at six every morning。

③当直接引语表示为名人名言或谚语时,时态不变.直接引语变间接引语专项练习题（1）将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I never eat meat.”he said.He said that ______ never ______ meat.2. “I’ve found my wallet.”he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.”she said.She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west. 5. “I met her yesterday.”he said to me.He ______ me that he ______ met her the day ______.6. “Y ou must come here before five.”he said.He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.”he said.He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.8. “Did you see her last week?”he said.He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.9. He said, “Y ou can sit here, Jim.”He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?”he asked.He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days.12. “Do you know where she lives?”he asked.He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.”he said.He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise. 14. “Don’t tell him the news.”she said.She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news.15. “Are you intested in this?”he said.He ______ ______ I was interestd in ______.【参考答案】1. he, ate2. told, had, found, his3. she, had, taken4. rise, goes5. told, had, before6. had, there7. had, before 8. asked, if [whether], before 9. told, could 10. how, she, had11. where, I, had, those 12. if [whether], I, lived 13. told, to, stop 14. not, to, tell15. asked, if [whether], that1．He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.”2．She said: “He will be busy.”3．She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”4．She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”5．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”6．The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.” 7．The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”8．The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”9．My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”10．The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”11．He said, “W e are still students.’12．He said to me, “I was born in 1978.13．The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”14．He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.”15．She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.16．Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”17．He said, “W e insisted that she start immediately.18．She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.”19．I said to him, “I have finished it.”20．She said to us,“ I’ll come here tomorrow.”21．“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young man asked. 22．“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily.23．“Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.24．“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me. 25．“What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother.附答案：1．He told me that he had left his book in his room.2．She said that he would be busy.3．She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.4．She asked me whether that book was mine or his.5．The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.6．The teacher told the students not to waste their time.7．The mother asked Tom to get up early.8．The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.9．My father said practice makes perfect.10．The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.11．He said they are still students.12．He told me that he was born in 1978.13．The engineer said he was at college in 1967.14．He said he had studied English since he was a boy.15．She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.16．Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.17．He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.18．She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.19．I told him I had finished it.20．She told us she would come here tomorrow21．The young man asked Karen where her chemistry teacher lived.22．The little boy said happily that he had gained the first place in the mathematics competition.23．The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light travels faster than sound.24．Mary asked me if / whether I would go to the concert with her that evening. 25．The old man asked my brother what he had done there the day before.巩固练习：1. Our teacher asked us _____ our dictionaries to school.A. bringB. broughtC. bringD. to bring2. The teacher told the boy students ______ football on the grass.A. not playB. not to playC. playedD. playing3. ____ Tom didn’t go to school?A. Do you know howB. Why do you knowC. How you know whyD. Do you know why4. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _____ that prevents her from being as happy as before?A. what it isB. it is whatC. how it isD. it is how5. Betty asked her sister ____ to the railway station to see her off.A. not to comeB. not to goC. to not comeD. to not6. The pupil asked his teacher _____ round the earth.A. weather the moon goesB. that the moon wentC. whether the moon goesD. whether the moon went7. Mr. Li ____ W ang Ling ____ a taxi to the airport.A. asked; takeB. asked; takingC. told; takeD. told; to take8. She asked him ____.A. whose dictionary this isB. whose dictionary that wasC. whose dictionary is thisD. whose dictionary that is9. Mary’s mother asked her _____.A. that whether she had finished her homeworkB. if she has finished her homeworkC. if she had finished her homeworkD. that if she had finished her homework10. Do you know ____?A. what is he doingB. what he doingC. what he is doingD. what does he do now11. I don’t know ____ to learn English.A. when did he beginB. when he beganC. he when beganD. when he begins12. He asked me ____.A. how would the weather be like tomorrowB. what the weather would be like the next dayC. how the weather would be like tomorrowD. what would the weather be like the next day13. Y ou can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Spring Festival presents.A. how excited they wereB. how excited were theyC. how they were excitedD. they were how excited14. She told me that she ____ by her relatives at the bus stop.A. had been seen offB. have seen offC. have been seen offD. had seen off15. Do you remember how many times ____ to Australia?A. had you beenB. did you goC. have you beenD. you have been16. Can you guess ____?A. what is that manB. who that man isC. whom that man isD. who is that man17. More and more students and teachers have began to know ____.A. how important the foreign language areB. how the foreign language is importantC. how important the foreign language isD. how important is the foreign language18. The hostess said that it ___ time that they ___ supper.A. was; hadB. was; had hadC. is; haveD. is; have had19. The boss asked his secretary ____ he had finished typing the report ____.A. if; or notB. if; notC. whether; or notD. whether; not20. I wonder how much _____.A. does he spend on his carB. did he spend on his carC. he spent on his carD. he spent in his car巩固练习答案：1—5DBDAB; 6—10CDBCC；11—15BBAAD；16—20BCACC1."my mother took me to an exhibition yesterday."she said.2."we are going to study in Australia next month."they said.3."i'm checking your home work now."his mother said.4."can you tell me how to get to the nearest restaurant?"the man asked the policeman5."is your son going to Shanghai today or tomorrow?"he asked.6."do you remember what your aunt told you last night?"Li ping's father asked him.7."where shall i get off to change to a No.3 bus?"he asked the conductor.8."how many car factories have been built in your country?"he asked me.9."what did Edison do to help the doctor operate on his mother ?"the teacher asked.10." go to the front at once!"the officer said to the soldiers.答案:1.She said her mother had took her to an exhibition the day before .2.They said they were going to study in Australia the next month.3.His mother said she was checking his homework then .4.The man asked the policeman if he could tell him how to get to the nearest restaurant.5.He asked whether my son was going to Shanghai that day or the next day.6.Li ping's father asked him if he rememberred what his aunt had told him the night before.7.He asked the conductor where he could get off to change to a No.3 bus.8.He asked me how many car factories had been built in my country.9.The teacher asked what Edison had do to help the doctor operate on his mother.10.The officer asked the soldiers to go to the front at once.一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1.“I am having supper,” he said.He said that _______ _______ having supper.2.“I’ve seen the film,” Gina said to me.Gina _______ me that she _______ _______ the film.3.“I went home with my sister,” she said.She said that _______ _______ _______ home with her sister.4.The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”The teacher said that the sun _______ bigger than the moon.5.“I met her yesterday,” he said to me.He told me that he _______ met her the day _______.6.“You must come here before five,” he said.He said that I _______ to go _______ before five.7.“I bought the computer two weeks ago,” she said.She said that she _______ bought the computer two weeks _______.8.“Did you read the book last week?” he said.He _______ _______ I had read the book the week _______.9.He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _______ Jim that he _______ sit there10.He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _______ _______ _______ found it.11.“Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _______ _______ _______ been _______ days.12 “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _______ _______ knew where she _______.13.“Keep quiet, children.” he said.He _______ the children _______ _______ quiet.14.“Don’t look out of the window,” she said.She told me _______ _______ _______ out of the window.15.“Are you interested in this?” he said.He _______ _______ I was interested in _______.【答案详解】1. he, was。