过去分词作宾补用法归纳
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过去分词作宾语补足语的用法
过去分词作宾语补足语是英语语法中的一种常见用法。
它通常指的是把过去分词放在及物动词的宾语后面,用来补充说明宾语的状态或情况。
这种用法可以使句子更加简洁明了。
例如,以下句子中的过去分词作了宾语补足语:
- I saw him wounded in the battle.
- She had her hair cut short.
- They had the car repaired at the garage.
需要注意的是,过去分词作宾语补足语的动词必须是及物动词,而且宾语必须是该动词的直接宾语。
此外,如果使用被动语态,过去分词也可以作为被动语态的主语。
例如:
- The tree was damaged by the storm.
- The book was written by a famous author.
这种用法在口语和书面语中都很常见,特别是在描述过去的情况时。
掌握过去分词作宾语补足语的用法可以帮助我们更好地理解和运用英语语法。
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过去分词作宾语补足语1.过去分词的结构:done2.宾语补足语的定义:指跟随在直接宾语之后修饰和补充说明直接宾语的单词或短语;e.g. ①His father named him Doming.②They painted their house white.③He asked me to lend my computer to him.④We saw her leaving.⑤I always find him in the classroom.⑥Let the fresh air in.⑦You cannot call it what you will.⑧We must get the work finished by 10 o’clock.3. 过去分词作宾语补足语:(1)用法:①及物动词(短语)的过去分词用作宾语补足语时,宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语,宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。
e.g. He got his bad tooth pulled out yesterdayHe found his new bike stolen.②少数不及物动词如go, change, fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时,仅表示动作完成。
因此,宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。
e.g. I found the leaves fallen two days ago.She found her necklace gone on her way home.③动词seat, hide, dress 等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示宾语的状态,而不表示被动或完成的意义。
e.g. On coming in, I found a girl seated in the corner.I like her dressed in red.(2)使用情况①用在部分系动词(keep, leave)之后表状态或是被动;e.g. They kept the door locked for a long time.Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time.②部分使役动词(get, have, make, etc.)之后表被动;e .g. I have had my bike repaired.I raised my voice to make myself heard.③像Watch, notice, see, hear, listen to, feel, find等动词之后表被动或是状态;e.g. When we got to school, we saw the door locked.We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.④像want, wish, like, expect, order等动词之后表被动;e.g. The teacher won’t like the problem discussed at the moment.I want the suit made to his own measure.⑤用于“with +宾语+宾语补足语”的结构表被动或完成。
关于过去分词作宾补的用法过去分词在句子中可作表语、定语、状语、补语主补、宾补等;下面就过去分词作宾补的用法作一总结;一、能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类:1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词;如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等;1 I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌;2He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大;2. 表示“致使”意义的动词;如:have, make, get, keep, leave等;3I”ll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发;4He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了;5Don”t leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完;3. 表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词;如:like, order, want, wish等;6I would like this matter settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决;7I wish my homework finished before five o”clock. 我希望5点前完成我的作业;二、过去分词作宾补表示的意义;1. 过去分词作宾补表示被动关系,其动作先于谓语动作;如例句1,过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;例句2,过去分词changed 的动作显然先于谓语动作found;2. 过去分词作宾补时,过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系;如例句4,动宾关系是pull out his tooth;例句6,动宾关系是settle this matter;三、过去分词作宾补时,要注意几种情况;1. 使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况;第一,过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成;如:He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了;被别人偷去了第二,过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历;如:He had his leg broken.他的腿断了;自己的经历2. 过去分词在原句中作宾补时,如果原句变为被动语态,那么过去分词就在新句中作主补了;如:The big fire is reported controlled.据报道这场大火已经得到控制;The meeting room was found thouroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.人们发现会议室被彻底打扫了,一切都布置得井井有条;。
过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语,表示被动的、完成的动作,宾语补足语与宾语之间常常存在逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。
【归纳】可以接过去分词作宾语补足语的(短语)动词有:1. watch, see, observe, look at, hear, listen to, find, notice等感官动词。
如:I watched the desk carried out of the classroom.The man found his hometown entirely destroyed.2. make, get, have, keep, leave等使役动词。
如:My mother has her hair cut every two months.We must get the work finished before 6 o’clock.The speaker didn’t know how to make himself understood.3. want, order等表示希望、命令等意义的动词。
如:All of us wanted such questions discussed at the meeting.The manager ordered the problem settled as soon as possible.【拓展】★介词with后也可接过去分词作宾语补足语,构成with复合结构。
如:With more flowers planted, the garden looks very beautiful.★动词⁃ing形式、过去分词和不定式作宾语补足语的区别:动词⁃ing形式和不定式作宾语补足语,宾语是其动作的执行者。
动词⁃ing形式强调动作的正在进行或延续性,不定式强调动作的全过程。
过去分词作宾语补足语,通常宾语是其动作的承受者,多强调动作的完成。
过去分词作宾补用法归纳英语中过去分词可作宾补,(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义,有时两者兼而有之。
做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。
如:She found the door broken in when she came back. (宾补与宾语有被动的关系,表一种状态。
)一.过去分词用在表状态的动词keep, leave等的后面。
eg: They kept the door locked for a long time.Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open. (谚语:少说多看)Don't leave such an important thing undone.Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.二.过分词用在get, have, make 的后面。
1. 注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况:A)表"让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做"eg: I have had my bike repaired.The villagers had many trees planted just then.B)表"遭遇到某种不幸,受到打击/受. . . . 影响,蒙受. . . . .损失"eg: I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.The old man had his leg broken in the accident.He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)2. "make+宾语+过去分词",在这种结构中,过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。
过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补⼀.过去分词作宾补,表⽰动作已经完成或结束.能⽤作宾补的过去分词⼀般都是vt , 表⽰被动意义或已完成的意义,有时两者兼之,作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象. eg. After walking up , I found everyone gone .The speaker raised her voice to make herself heard.They found their new bikes stolen.⼆.需要过去分词作宾补的情况:1. 使役动词get ,have , keep , leave 等后,可⽤过去分词作宾补,“致使某⼈或某事被……”eg. We should keep them informed of what is going on here.Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentist’s .I had my record repaired.2. 感官动词feel ,find , hear, notice, see, watch 等表⽰感觉和⼼理状态的动词之后,表“感受到某⼈或某事被做”。
eg. I was sleeping when I heard my name called .She found his room cleaned.I saw him bitten by a dog.Fill in the blank .I heard someone _____________ me .I heard my name ______________.I found Tom __________ the window.I found the window___________.3. 表⽰“意欲,命令”的动词如:like , order , want , wish , 相当于过去分词短语前省略了to be, 表⽰“希望/要求某⼈或某事被做”。
过去分词作宾补的四种情况过去分词作宾补的情况一:表示感觉或心理状态当我们在学习英语语法的时候,过去分词作宾补是一个很重要的知识点。
今天咱们就来聊聊过去分词作宾补表示感觉或心理状态的情况。
比如说,“I was surprised to find my room cleaned.”(我惊讶地发现我的房间被打扫干净了。
)在这个句子里,“cleaned”就是过去分词作宾补,它让我们感受到了“我”那种意外和惊喜的心情。
再比如,“She felt disappointed at the result.”(她对结果感到失望。
)“disappointed”在这里补充说明了“she”的感受。
我有个朋友叫小李,他一直期待能在考试中取得好成绩。
当成绩出来的时候,他发现自己考得很差,心里觉得非常 frustrated(沮丧的)。
这种感觉就像是心里有一块大石头压着,让他喘不过气来。
还有一次,我去参加一个聚会。
本来满心欢喜地以为会玩得很开心,结果发现大家都不太搭理我,那一刻我 felt left out(被忽视的),那种滋味可不好受。
所以啊,过去分词作宾补表示感觉或心理状态,能让我们更生动地表达自己的内心世界,让别人更好地理解我们的感受。
过去分词作宾补的情况二:表示使役咱接着说过去分词作宾补,这次来聊聊表示使役的情况。
比如说,“Have the work finished five o'clock.”(五点之前把工作完成。
)这里的“finished”就是过去分词作宾补,表示让工作被完成。
再举个例子,“He got his bike repaired.”(他让人修了他的自行车。
)“repaired”表明自行车被修理了。
我邻居王大爷的电视坏了,他请了个师傅来修, got his TV repaired,又能愉快地看电视啦。
还有我同学小张,头发太长了,就去理发店 had his hair cut,整个人都精神了不少。
有一回我家灯不亮了,我赶紧找人 had the light fixed,不然晚上可就黑漆漆的啦。
过去分词作宾补的三种类型类型一:动词+宾语+过去分词【典例】I couldn’t believe my ears when I heard my n ame _______ (mention) on the radio.【解析】由于mention与其前用作宾语的my name之间为被动关系,故用过去分词mentioned。
句意为:听到收音机里提到我的名字,我简直不相信自己的耳朵。
【拓展】注意体会下面句子中的“动词+宾语+过去分词”结构:I noticed their car parked outside. 我注意到他们的车子停在外面。
I don’t speak good French, but I can make myself un derstood. 我说不好法语,但我能使别人听懂我的话。
It can be cheaper to stump up for a new washing mach ine than to get your old one repaired. 掏钱买个新的洗衣机可能比你修理旧的还要更便宜。
类型二:介词with+宾语+过去分词【典例】With everything ________ (take) into considerati on, we all think this is a very good plan.【解析】根据短语 take everything into consideration(将每一件事都考虑到)可知,动词take与everything之间为动宾关系,而在本题中everything位于动词take之前,显然这里的eve rything应该是指“被考虑”,故填过去分词taken。
句意为:每件事都考虑到了,我们都认为这是一项不错的计划。
【拓展】注意体会下面句子中的“with+宾语+过去分词”结构:He sat in the chair with his legs crossed. 他盘着双腿坐在椅子上。
Grammar Unit2 过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补用法归纳英语中过去分词可作宾补,即:过去分词放在宾语(名词或代词)后面作补语,构成复合宾语,(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义,有时两者兼而有之。
做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。
1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词。
如:see, watch, observe, find, hear, feel, notice, 等。
①We saw the thief caught by the police.②People found the water polluted.③Have you heard a pop song sung in English④I heard my name called.⑤The rich man felt himself cheated.⑥We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.>我们可以听到大雨敲打窗户的声音。
⑦I observed all the rooms broken into.注意:see, hear, watch, notice 等动词后既可以加v-ing 也可以用do(不带to的不定式),还可以跟done,但三者之间有区别: 用v-ing 表示动作正在发生,即发生的过程还没有结束; 用do强调动作发生的全过程,即动作全过程结束了,用done 表示宾语与宾补之间时被动的关系①I saw her come into the classroom.我看到他进了教室。
②I saw her coming into the classroom.我看他正在走进教室。
③I saw her taken out of the classroom.我看到她被带出了教室。
2)表示“致使”意义的动词。
如:have, make, get等。
英语中,过去分词可以用作宾语补足语。
能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都来自及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。
作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。
如:She found the door broken in when she came back.她回来时发现有人破门而入。
此句中过去分词作宾语补足语,与宾语door之间具有被动关系,表示一种状态。
再如:My grandfather had his old house rebuilt.我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。
为了使同学们对过去分词作宾语补足语的用法有一个系统而又具体的认识,本文从几个模式上加以概括,以利于大家掌握。
一、过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。
如:They kept the door locked for a long time.他们把门锁了好长一段时间。
Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.不要让窗户一直像这样破着。
二、过去分词用在使役动词have,make的后面。
1.注意"have+宾语+过去分词"的两种用法:A)表示"让某人做某事"。
如:I have had my bike repaired.我让人修了修我的自行车。
The villagers had many trees planted just then.就在那时,村民们叫人种了许多树。
B)表示"遭遇到某种不幸;受到打击"等。
如:My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.上个月,我姐姐的钱包在汽车上被偷了。
The old man had his wrist broken in theacccident.这位老人在事故中腕部摔坏了。
过去分词作宾语补足语例句过去分词作宾语补足语是英语语法中的一种常见结构,用于补充说明宾语的状态或特征。
下面是十个例句,展示了过去分词作宾语补足语的用法和意义。
1. The cake was eaten by the children. (蛋糕被孩子们吃掉了)2. The book was written by a famous author. (这本书是一位著名作家写的)3. The window was broken by a stray baseball. (窗户被一只流浪的棒球打碎了)4. The car was repaired by a skilled mechanic. (这辆车被一位熟练的机械师修理了)5. The house was built in the 19th century. (这座房子是在19世纪建造的)6. The computer was fixed by a technician. (电脑被一位技术员修好了)7. The letter was written in blue ink. (这封信是用蓝色墨水写的)8. The table was set with fine china. (这张桌子上放着精美的瓷器)9. The picture was painted by a famous artist. (这幅画是一位著名艺术家创作的)10. The problem was solved by a team of experts. (这个问题被一组专家解决了)以上例句中,过去分词作为宾语补足语,进一步说明了宾语的状态或特征。
根据句子的语境,过去分词的形式有时会发生变化(如过去分词前加上助动词“be”),以表达不同的时态或语态。
过去分词作宾语补足语的用法在英语中非常常见,掌握好这种结构的用法能够帮助我们更准确地表达自己的意思。
过去分词作宾补用法归纳英语中过去分词可作宾补,(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义,有时两者兼而有之。
做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。
如:She found the door broken in when she came back.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系,表一种状态。
)一.?过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。
Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(谚语:少说多看)Don't leave such an important thing undone.Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.二.过分词用在get,have,make, 的后面。
1.注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况:A)表"让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做"eg: I have had my bike repaired.The villagers had many trees planted just then.B)表"遭遇到某种不幸,受到打击/受....影响,蒙受..... 损失"Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.The old man had his leg broken in the accident.He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)2."make+宾语+过去分词",在这种结构中,过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。
如:They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.I raised my voice to make myself heard.三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。
如When we got to school,we saw the door locked.We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.He felt himself cheated.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)四、过去分词用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望,愿望”这一类动词后面做宾补。
如The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.I would like my house painted white.I want the suit made to his own measure.I wish the problem settled.五、过去分词用在“with +宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
如:The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden. With everything well arranged,he left the office.六、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。
现在分词作宾补:宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。
其动作与谓语动作同时进行。
过去分词作宾补:宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。
其动作先于谓语动作。
不定式作宾补:表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。
eg:He didn't notice me waiting.I heard the song sung in English.I saw him opening the window.I saw the window opened.I saw him open the window.I heard her sing the song in English.专项训练1:poor at English, I'm afraid I can't make myself ___.be;understand 'm ;to understand ;understanding ;understoodhave had my bike ___ ,and I'm going to have somebody ___ my radio tomorrow.;to repair ;to be repaired ;repair repair;repairingmust get the work ___ before Friday.dothe room,the nurse found the tape-recorder ___.;stealing ;gone have entered; being stolen entered;to be stolenare pleased to see the problem ___ so quickly.been settled settled. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong again.(上海1999)repaired be repairedis wise to have some money ___ for old age.(NMET1996)away up away up (put away 放好, 储存...备用, 处理掉, 放弃, 抛弃)don't want the children ___ out in such weather.take'm afraid that I can't make myself ___ be cause of my poor English.understandmurderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.tied tied be tied (表动作完成)专项训练2:found her greatly ___.help disturbedgot her bad tooth ___ at the dentist's.put in out out out____ ,the museum will be open to the public next year.(上海2002)completed be completeda lot of difficulties ___ ,they went to the seashore and had a good rest.settle settledresearch is so designed that once ___ nothing can be done to change it.(NMET2002) begun ( once begun 在句中作状语,begin为及物动词:“着手”),they went home,___.work had been finished;singing and laughinghad finished their work;sang and laughedwork finished ;singing and laughingtheir work finished;singing and laughinghe came to London,he had never heard a single English word ___speakmore attention,the trees could have grown better.give givenfrom space,the earth with water ___70%of its surface looks like a "blue blanket". ;covered seen;covers ;covering ;covering,the experiment will be successful.carefully doing it done carefully carefully done doing carefullygirl wrote a composition without ___.asked be askedfinished his homework and then went on ___me.help helping helpto go ,he asked a policeman.lost his way and not knowinghis way and didn't knowlost his way and didn't knowhis way and didn't knowher friend was badly hurt,she burst into tears.heard hearhis team had won, his face lit up at once.knowing knowing he knew专项训练3:hurried back home only to find their house ___ into.breakhe came to,he found himself ___ on a chair, with his hands ___ back.sit;tied ;tying ;tied ;tieddo not feel ___ to enter modern buildings;everything about them seems unfriendly.invite be invited(feel后加形容词,此处的invited 表主语we 的感受)'m going to have my letters ____ tomorrow if I've got them ready by then. typegreat culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty ___ in art and literature. express expressed be expressed答案:专项训练1:1-10 DCDBA CACDD专项训练2::1-15 BBAAD DDADC CDDAD专项训练3::1-5 CDACA。