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CHINA-ASEAN FIVE-CONNECTIVIT INDEX

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OPINION58ASEAN is an important link along the “21st

Century Maritime Silk Road” as well as a key cooperation partner in China’s Belt and Road Initiative. For more than three years since the Belt and Road was first proposed, ASEAN countries have enthusiastically participated in construction, helping the project achieve impressive progress.To qualify progress of connectivity along the Belt and Road, the “Five-Connectivity Index Subject Group” was established at Peking University to spearhead calculation of the Five-Connectivity Index on the Belt and Road. Based on objective data of basic status and development trends of 64 involved countries, the index made specific and in-depth assessment of the relations of these countries with China in terms of policy coordination, facilities connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration and people-to-people bonds. Table 1 presents the overall development of Five-Connectivity between China and 10 ASEAN countries from 2016 to 2017.In general, Five-Connectivity Index between China and 10 ASEAN countries averaged 62.07 in 2016, higher than that of other countries along the route (52.4). This indicates that the overall level of connectivity between China and ASEAN countries is relatively high. In the national category, the analysis determined that ASEAN countries accounted for 5 of 11 countries with smooth link types in terms of “five connectivity” and none was of the weak link type.

By Chen Yiyuan, Zhai KunChina-ASEAN Five-Connectivity Index

0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 79.1977.2468.5762.9061.5761.1957.2454.1951.0947.48

SingaporeMalaysiaThailandIndonesiaVietnamCambodiathe PhilippinesLaosBruneiMyanmar

12345678910

2369121419233645

+1-1——-2—-2+5-1-3

SmoothGradeRankingNations2017 RankingChange●Facilities Connectivity●Unimpeded Trade●Financial Integration●People-to- People BondsGoodPotential+++++13.6715.29 13.4610.94 13.4610.9410.9614.65 9.67 9.9414.8315.13 10.31 10.5010.3110.50 7.96 7.6711.91 10.46 18.5315.79 13.0912.95 13.0912.95 12.16 9.57 10.90 9.58 17.80 16.0715.04 15.14 15.04 15.1413.259.02 10.72 6.81 14.36 14.95 16.67 13.3716.6713.37 12.92 13.28 7.90 10.70 ●Policy Coordin

ation

South Asia Southeast Asia14.0012.0010.008.006.004.002.000.00

12.098.6610.65

8.31

11.7712.5012.12

10.828.999.91

Policy CoordinationFacilities ConnectivityUnimpeded TradeFinancial IntegrationPeople-to-people BondsIn particular, Singapore ranked 2nd with 79.19 and Indonesia 3rd with 77.24, closely following Russia. Thailand was sixth and captured the top spot in rankings of seven countries with good link types including Thailand, Indonesia and Vietnam. And Thailand is very likely to move up in the rankings of countries of the smooth link type. Myanmar was a country of potential links, and ranked 46th with the score of 47.48. Myanmar is most likely to leap up on the list of smooth link types in the near future.Compared to data from 2015, ASEAN countries are developing steadily in connectivity. In 2016, the Five-

Five-Connectivity Index Subject Group, Peking UniversityTable 1

Table 2OPINION

59Connectivity Index of every ASEAN country remained stable, with only some minor ranking changes. Vietnam and the Philippines dropped two places and Myanmar dropped three in the rankings. Laos grabbed fifth place with a rapid rise in the rankings.Table 2 represents Five-Connectivity Index comparison between Southeast Asia and South Asia.Healthy Overall Development in Policy CoordinationThe index of 10 ASEAN countries averages 12.58 in policy coordination, higher than that of other countries (10.97) along the route. Among them, the index of seven countries is above the average, and the index of three countries is below, but very close to the average. This indicates that compared to other countries along the route, China and ASEAN countries are at relatively high levels in policy coordination.China and ASEAN countries have maintained traditional friendly relations with strong mutual trust in politics. At the bilateral level, China has established diplomatic ties with countries throughout the region and set up embassies in the countries. Mutual trust between China and ASEAN countries is ever increasing in politics and strategy, and high-level visits are frequent. These mechanisms have become good channels of policy coordination. Bilateral mechanisms of communication and cooperation are many and diverse. Moreover, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has been deeply aligned with respective development strategies of ASEAN countries. The BRI is highly complementary to the “Two Corridors & One Ring” of Vietnam, the “Rectangular Strategy for Growth” of Cambodia and the “Global Maritime Axis” strategy of Indonesia. At the multilateral level, China has established a strategic partnership with ASEAN as a whole. “10+1” has designated five key cooperative fields, namely agriculture, telecommunications, HR development, mutual investment and development of the Mekong River Basin. The China-ASEAN relationship has become a dialogue partnership with the widest links, greatest achievements and the closest contact. In March 2016, the first Lancang-Mekong cooperation leaders’ meeting was held in Sanya, China’s Hainan Province, officially launching the Lancang-Mekong cooperation mechanism. More than half of the 45 early-harvest projects approved by the first leaders’ meeting are now under construction or in planning. Lancang-Mekong cooperation has also become an important platform for the BRI.

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中英对照-推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动-一带一路

中英对照-推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动-一带一路

“一带一路”规划Action plan on the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative国家发展改革委、外交部、商务部28日联合发布了《推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动》。

全文如下：The following is the full text of an action plan on the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China, with State Council authorization, on Saturday.国家发展改革委外交部商务部（经国务院授权发布）2015年3月推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动Vision and proposed actions outlined on jointly building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road目录Contents前言Preface一、时代背景Background二、共建原则Principles三、框架思路Framework四、合作重点Cooperation Priorities五、合作机制Cooperation Mechanisms六、中国各地方开放态势China's Regions in Pursuing Opening-Up七、中国积极行动China in Action八、共创美好未来Embracing a Brighter Future Together前言Preface2000多年前，亚欧大陆上勤劳勇敢的人民，探索出多条连接亚欧非几大文明的贸易和人文交流通路，后人将其统称为“丝绸之路”。

全面战略伙伴关系英语

全面战略伙伴关系英语

全面战略伙伴关系英语The Comprehensive Strategic Partnership: An OverviewA comprehensive strategic partnership is an agreement between two or more countries to form a close relationship based on mutual interests, shared values, and strategic objectives. The partnership can cover various areas such as economic, political, social, and military cooperation. In this article, we will explore the concept of comprehensive strategic partnerships, their benefits and challenges, and some examples of such partnerships.What is a comprehensive strategic partnership?A comprehensive strategic partnership is a form of deepened bilateral relationship between two countries. It goes beyond regular diplomatic ties and implies an elevated level of trust and cooperation between the partners. The partnership can be initiated by one or both parties and is usually formalized through a joint statement or a treaty.Benefits of a comprehensive strategic partnership1. Enhanced political and diplomatic tiesA comprehensive strategic partnership can contribute to closer political and diplomatic relations between the partners. It can facilitate high-level exchanges and dialogues, joint diplomatic initiatives, and joint positions on international issues.2. Expanded economic cooperationA comprehensive strategic partnership can provide a framework for enhanced economic cooperation between the partners. It can include trade agreements, investment plans,joint ventures, and technology transfers. This can lead to increased business opportunities, job creation, and economic growth.3. Strengthened security cooperationA comprehensive strategic partnership can contribute to strengthened security cooperation between the partners. This can include military-to-military cooperation, joint exercises, intelligence sharing, and counterterrorism efforts. It canalso include cooperation in non-traditional security areas such as cybersecurity, disaster management, and climate change.Challenges of a comprehensive strategic partnership1. Unequal power dynamicsA comprehensive strategic partnership can facechallenges when one of the partners has a significantly stronger position compared to the other. This can raise questions about the fairness and legitimacy of thepartnership and can lead to tensions.2. Misaligned interests and valuesA comprehensive strategic partnership can encounter difficulties when the partners have misaligned interests and values. This can create divergent positions on international issues, economic policies, or social values, which can leadto conflicts.3. Domestic political oppositionA comprehensive strategic partnership can faceopposition from domestic political actors who perceive it asa threat to national sovereignty, interests, or identity.This can limit the implementation of the partnership andcreate obstacles for cooperation.Examples of comprehensive strategic partnerships1. China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnershipChina and Russia have a comprehensive strategic partnership dating back to 1996. The partnership covers various areas such as trade, energy, defense, and regional security. The two countries regularly hold high-level meetings and coordinate their positions on international issues.2. India-U.S. strategic partnershipIndia and the United States have a strategic partnership that was elevated to a comprehensive strategic partnership in 2020. The partnership covers areas such as defense, energy, trade, and people-to-people exchanges. The two countries share concerns about the rise of China and cooperate on regional security issues.3. ASEAN-China comprehensive strategic partnershipThe Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and China established a comprehensive strategic partnership in 2003. The partnership aims to enhance economic cooperation, political dialogue, and regional security. The two sides have taken steps to promote connectivity, trade liberalization, and cultural exchanges.ConclusionA comprehensive strategic partnership is a mechanism for deepening bilateral relationships between countries. It can provide numerous benefits such as enhanced political and economic cooperation, as well as strengthened security ties. However, it can also face challenges such as unequal power dynamics, misaligned interests and values, and domestic political opposition. Despite these challenges, a comprehensive strategic partnership can be a valuable toolfor advancing mutual interests and addressing regional and global challenges.。

中国外交描述英语作文

中国外交描述英语作文

中国外交描述英语作文标题，A Description of Chinese Diplomacy。

Chinese diplomacy, characterized by its strategic pragmatism and emphasis on win-win cooperation, plays a significant role on the global stage. It reflects China's commitment to peaceful development, mutual respect, and shared prosperity. This essay aims to provide a comprehensive description of Chinese diplomacy, examining its key principles, objectives, strategies, and notable achievements.At the core of Chinese diplomacy lies the principle of peaceful coexistence, which emphasizes mutual respect for sovereignty and non-interference in internal affairs. China firmly upholds the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, namely mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence. These principles serve as thefoundation of China's foreign policy and guide its interactions with other nations.One of the primary objectives of Chinese diplomacy is to safeguard national interests while promoting global stability and development. China pursues a foreign policy of independence and self-reliance, seeking to create a favorable external environment for its own development. Additionally, China aims to contribute to global peace and prosperity through active engagement in international affairs, including participation in multilateral organizations and initiatives.Chinese diplomacy is characterized by its pragmatic approach to international relations, marked by flexibility and adaptability. China employs a combination of bilateral and multilateral diplomacy, utilizing various diplomatic tools and channels to advance its interests. Economic diplomacy plays a crucial role in China's foreign policy, with initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) promoting infrastructure development, trade, and connectivity across regions.Furthermore, China prioritizes diplomatic dialogue and communication to resolve disputes and build mutual trust with other countries. Through diplomatic channels, China seeks to address differences and promote understanding, recognizing the importance of dialogue in maintaining stability and preventing conflicts.In recent years, Chinese diplomacy has achieved notable successes on the global stage. China's proactive diplomacy has enhanced its influence and leadership in regional and international affairs. For example, China has played a constructive role in addressing global challenges such as climate change, promoting free trade and economic globalization, and advocating for a multipolar world order.Moreover, China's diplomatic efforts have strengthened its partnerships and cooperation with countries around the world. Through initiatives like the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) and the China-ASEAN Expo, China has deepened its ties with developing nations and emerging economies, contributing to mutual development andprosperity.In conclusion, Chinese diplomacy embodies the principles of peaceful coexistence, mutual respect, and win-win cooperation. Through pragmatic strategies and active engagement, China seeks to safeguard its national interests while contributing to global stability and development. With its growing influence and leadership, Chinese diplomacy continues to shape the dynamics of international relations in the 21st century.。

一带一路（双语中英对照）

一带一路（双语中英对照）

一带一路（双语中英对照）第一篇：一带一路(双语中英对照)“一带一路”规划（双语全文）Action plan on the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative 国家发展改革委、外交部、商务部28日联合发布了《推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动》。

全文如下：The following is the full text of an action plan on the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China, with State Council authorization, on Saturday.国家发展改革委外交部商务部（经国务院授权发布）2015年3月推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动Vision and proposed actions outlined on jointly building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road 前言Preface 2000多年前，亚欧大陆上勤劳勇敢的人民，探索出多条连接亚欧非几大文明的贸易和人文交流通路，后人将其统称为“丝绸之路”。

千百年来，“和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢”的丝绸之路精神薪火相传，推进了人类文明进步，是促进沿线各国繁荣发展的重要纽带，是东西方交流合作的象征，是世界各国共有的历史文化遗产。

More than two millennia ago the diligent and courageous people of Eurasia explored and opened up several routes of trade and cultural exchanges that linked the major civilizations of Asia, Europe and Africa, collectively called the Silk Road by later generations.For thousands of years, the Silk Road Spirithas been passed from generation to generation, promoted the progress of human civilization, and contributed greatly to the prosperity and development of the countries along the Silk Road.Symbolizingcommunication and cooperation between the East and the West, the Silk Road Spirit is a historic and cultural heritage shared by all countries around the world.进入21世纪，在以和平、发展、合作、共赢为主题的新时代，面对复苏乏力的全济繁荣与区域经济合作，加强不同文明交流互鉴，促进世界和平发展，是一项造福世界各国人民的伟大事业。