当前位置：文档之家 › 英语A级语法(2)

英语A级语法(2)

  • 格式：doc
  • 大小：49.00 KB
  • 文档页数：6

英语A级语法(2)反意疑问句反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句。

反义疑问句提出情况和看法，问对方同意不同意，这种问句都由两部分组成，前一部分用陈述句的形式，后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句，如前一部分为肯定形式，后一部分通常用否定形式，前一部分为否定形式，后一部分就用肯定形式，两部分的时态要一致。

反意疑问句主要有下列两种形式：1.肯定的陈述句＋否定的附加疑问。

例如：That car is running fast, isn't it?2.否定的陈述句＋肯定的附加疑问。

例如：That car isn't running fast, is it?几点应该注意的情况：1.当陈述句部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody 等合成词时，加疑问部分中的主语在非正式文体中往往用they。

例如：Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?Everyone enjoyed the party, didn't they?Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didn't they?2. 当陈述部分是there- 存在句时，附加疑问句部分的动词用肯定形式。

例如：There's no help for it, is there?There's something wrong, isn't there?3. 陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing 等否定词或半否定词时，附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。

例如：Bob rarely got drunk, did he?Few people know him, do they?She seldom goes to the cinema, does she?4.如果陈述部分是I'm … 结构，附加疑问部分一般用aren't I. 例如：I'm late, aren't I?5. 如果陈述部分以不定代词one 作主语，附加疑问句部分的主语在正式场合用one，在非正式场合用you。

例如：One can't be too careful, can one/can you?6. 当陈述部分是一个带有that-分词作宾语的主从结构时，附加疑问部分一般应与主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。

例如：She says (that) I did it, doesn't she?但是，当陈述部分的主句是I suppose, I think, I believe 等结构时，附加疑问部分则往往与that-分句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意否定的转移。

例如：I suppose (that) he's serious, isn't he?I don't think (that) she cares, doesn't she?7. 当陈述部分带有表示“所有”含义的动词have 时，附加疑问部分既可以用have 形式，也可用do 形式；如果陈述部分的动词是have的否定形式，附加疑问部分是用have 形式还是用do形式，取决于陈述部分的动词形式。

例如：You have a Rolls-Royce, haven't you/don't you?He hasn't a lot of time to spare, has he?Miss Smith doesn't have any money in her pocket, does she?当陈述部分的have不表示“所有”而表示其他含义时，附加疑问部分则用do形式。

例如：You often have headaches, don't you?She had a good time yesterday, didn't she?8. 陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时，附加疑问部分在英国英语中仍用ought to形式，但在美国英语中常用should形式。

例如：The child ought to be punished, oughtn't he?We ought to go there, shouldn't we?9. 陈述部分带有情态动词used to时，附加疑问部分可用used to形式或did形式。

例如：The Greens used to live in the country, usedn't they?He used to smoke fifty cigarettes a day, didn't he?10. 陈述部分带有情态动词needn't时，附加疑问部分常用need，但有时也可用must。

例如：You needn't go yet, need you?He needn't do that, must he?11. 陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时，附加疑问部分用mustn't。

例如：You must work hard next term, mustn't you?当陈述部分的must表示“有必要”时，附加疑问部分则用needn't。

例如：You must go home right now, needn't you?当mustn't表示“禁止”时，附加疑问部分一般用must。

例如：You mustn't walk on grass, must you?当陈述部分的must 表示“一定”、“想必”等推测意义时，附加疑问部分不用must，而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构采用相应的主动词或助动词形式。

例如：He must be very tired, isn't he? (He must be very tired = I'm sure he is very tired.)He must have waited here for a long time, hasn't he? (He must have waited…= I'm sure he has waited …)You must have seen the play last week, didn't you? (You must have seen…= I am sure you saw…)12. 在由“祈使句＋附加疑问”构成的附加疑问问句中，附加疑问部分一般用will you, won't you, would you, 有时也可用can you, can't you, why don't you, could you 等。

例如：Don't move the chair, will you?Be quiet, would you?Give me some cigarettes, can you?Be quiet, can't you?但是，以let's 开首的祈使句，附加疑问部分用shall we。

例如：Let's go camping, shall we?Let's stop here, shall we?以Let us开首的祈使句，如果含义是allow us，不包括听话人在内时，附加疑问部分则用will you。

例如：Let us go now, will you?Let us have a look at your book, will you?13.当陈述部分是并列句，疑问部分通常与最临近的分句保持一致。

例如：He is a teacher，but his wife is an engineer，isn't she?语法练习1. I'm afraid that he is afraid of being punished , ______？AA. isn't sheB.aren't IC. am ID.should she分析正确答案是A。

部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。

又如：I don't think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, can't she?2. He must be in the next classroom, _______？DA. must heB.mustn't heC.needn't heD.isn't he分析正确答案是D。

陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定表示推测意义时，反意问句的动词要与推测部分的动词相一致。

又如：He must be a doctor, isn't he?You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?3.We have to get the work done tomorrow, _______ ? CA.haven't weB.have weC. don't weD.must we分析正确答案是C。

陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。

4.You'd like to go to the movie with me, _______? AA. wouldn't youB.will youC.do youD.shall we分析正确答案是A。

陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。

5.No one phoned me this morning, __________? CA. didn't youB.didn't heC.did theyD.didn't they分析正确答案是C。

合集下载

英语A级培训 2 语法结构

英语A级培训 2 语法结构


A）will be B）would be C）has been D）had been
I By the time you get to Shanghai
tomorrow, I ___ for Chongqing.
( 2002年12月第4题 )
A）am leaving B）will leave C）shall have left D）had left
从 句
时间
用when, while, the moment 引导 not… until 直到…才…
结果 由 so that 引导
例 I The criminal didn’t realize the A) if 题 value of freedom ___ he had B) as
分 lost it.
C) while
析
2002.12第24题 D) until
6 只能用 that 引导，且 that 在从句中不充当任何成分
同 注意：需要区分定语从句 ( that一定充当了某个部分， 位 宾语或主语) 和同位语从句 语 同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象意思的名词，
从 如：fact, idea, image, suggestion, thought, 句 message 等。
应试技巧
单
常考的语法知识
选
1）时态的呼应 1. 时态
题
2）某种具体时态的用法
主从复合句或并列句中，前后句子的时态 通常要相互呼应，都用表示过去时间、现 在时间、或将来时间的某种时态
常考的时态主要有 将来完成时、 现在完成进行时、一般现在时 等
将来完成时表示在将来某个时
间将会完成的动作，常和介词 by
3. 虚拟语气
A级语法

A级语法

一、时态过去时：the other day将来时：another day in…现在完成时：recently, recent, since, so far, up till now, by now, in these…years/days/months, in the past…years/days/monthsIt is/This is the first/second time… that…have/has doneIt is/This is the+ 最高级＋名词＋that….have/has done过去完成时+过去时：hardly/ scarcely ＋过去完成时when ＋一般过去时no sooner ＋过去完成时than ＋一般过去时It This was the first/second time… that…had doneby the end of +过去时…+had done将来完成时：by this time+将来时间(next/ tomorrow)…+will have done进行时：when…do/did…., …. doing…..now, at present二．动词语态：主语和谓语之间的关系1) 现在进行时：am/is/are being doneThe room is being cleaned at the moment.2) 情态动词can/may/must/could/might/have to/ought to + be doneMore money should be spent on the research.3) see, watch, observe, witness, notice, hear sb. do /doing sth.sth. donebe seen, watched, observed, witnessed, noticed, heard to do sth.We saw him play football on the playground.He was seen to play football on the playground.4) 主动形式表被动意义sell best畅销need/want/require/deserve doing…三倒装1) 否定意义的词或词组：no, not, never, nothing, seldom, scarcely, rarely, little, few, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until, not only, no sooner,要部分倒装，把助动词放在主语前。

A级语法

A级语法


2. (should) + do 表示虚拟语气的另一种方式是：should + 动 词原形，其中should可省略。而常跟这种虚 拟方式的词语多表示愿望、建议、要求、请 求、命令、建议等。 1）常见动词有：advise, ask, suggest, require, determine, demand, intend, command, desire, order, propose, request, insist The chairman required that every speaker (limit) ＿ himself to fifteen minutes. (04.6)

2 关系副词引导定语从句 1) 关系副词where引导定语从句时，作地点 状语。如： On April 1st they flew to Beijing, ＿ they stayed several days.(03,6) A. when B. where C. which D. there 析：句意“四月一号他们乘飞机去了北京， 在那儿逗留了几天。”该题考查定语从句的 连词。由于从句中缺少状语成分，故有where 来引导。
如： If I were you, I would marry him. If you had started you work earlier, you would have finished it. If you were to come tomorrow, I would invite you to dinner. 虚拟语气除了用从句表示外，还可以使用介 词或介词短语。如: But for your help, I would have failed in this exam.
英语AB级语法汇总

英语AB级语法汇总


Exercise
6.In some parts of the world,tea ______ with milk and sugar A.is serving B.is served C.serves D.served 7.Paper money ______ for over a thousand years. ed B.has been used C.has used D.is using 8.She ______ for what she has done A.ought to praise B.ought to praised C.ought be praised D.ought to be praised 9.His new book ______ next month A.will be published B.is publishing C.is being published D.has been published 10.Can such a thing ______ happening again? A.prevent from B.prevented from C.be prevented from D.to prevent from
如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了（事实：不知 能否下雪）
3.If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一在这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。
省略If的倒装句
当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略， 这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首 Examples: Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. (If he had leant about computers…..) Were she here, she would agree with us. (If she were here…) Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. (If he should agree to go there…..)