定语从句灵活处理_考研翻译讲座之十
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2. His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of reveal- ing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his deci- sion. (2006)
58 College English
2007.6
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学院, 以培养工程师和科学家。 2) I’ll try to get an illustrated dictionary
dealing with technical glossary, which will en- able me to translate scientific literature more exactly. 我 要 设 法 弄 一 本 有 插 图 的 科 技 词 典, 以便把科学文献译得更准确。
3. 替换法。即打破原文的定语结构, 用 不带定语成分的句式替换原文的定语结构。
1) There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month. 在 那 群 人 中, 有些人天天站在那里, 足足有一个月。
2) There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and the ability to be magnetized. 某些金属既能导电, 又能被 磁化。
他的职责与法官相似, 即必须承担这样 的责任: 用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做 出决定的推理过程。( 分译法, 另起一句)
3. In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful; groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. (2005)
1. 表示原因 1) A solid fuel, like coal or wood, can only burn at the surface, where it comes into contact with the air. 固体燃料, 如煤和木材,
只能在表面燃烧, 因为那里接触空气。 2) You must grasp the concept of “work”
老鼠偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕。 5a. 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。那只
老鼠偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕。而杰克就住 在这间房里。
一、翻译定语从句时常用的方法与技巧 英语定语从句的翻译方法一般有以下
3种: 1. 合并法。即在句式较短的情况下, 将
定语从句与主句合并, 用“……的……”结构 译出。
1) Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with. 污染是我们必须解决的一 个迫切问题。
在欧洲, 像在其他地方一样, 多媒体集 团越来越成功; 这些集团将相关的电视、广 播、报纸、杂志和出版社组合在一起。( 替换 法, 打破原文的定语结构)
4. Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and de-
1. This is the cat. 这就是那只猫。 2. This is the cat that killed the rat. 这 就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。 3. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake. * 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了蛋 糕的老鼠的猫。 4. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that lay in the room. ** 这就是 那只捕杀了偷吃了放在房间里的蛋糕的老 鼠的猫。 5. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that lay in the room that Jack lived in. *** 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在 杰克居住的房间里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。 不难发现, 汉语译文从第三句起便读不 通了。要使译文通顺, 就得将其切分开来处理: 3a. 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。那只 老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。 4a. 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。那只
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定语从句 灵活处理
—— —考研翻译讲座之十
清华大学外语系教授 许建平
英语定语从句是翻译中较棘手的一类, 也是研究生入学考试中的一个重点。譬如 2003 年的 5 道翻译试题中含定语从句的就 有 4 道, 共 5 个定语从句; 2006 年的 5 道题 中定语从句也有 5 个。
如语言学家所示, 英语的定语从句可以 向右无限扩展; 而汉语没有定语从句之说, 作为修饰成分的定语习惯上放在被修饰词 之前, 呈封闭状。英汉定语结构的差异展示 如下:
mands a strategic choice. (2005) 不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织成
一体, 要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传 统的“欧洲特征”绝非易事, 需要做出战略选 择。( 采用“……的……”结构)
5. Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a lan- guage can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. (2004)
which is very important in physics. 你必须掌 握“功”这个概念, 因为它在物理学中很重要。
2. 表示结果 1) There was something original , inde - pendent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them. 这个方案富于原创性, 独具一 格, 很有魄力, 因此他们都很喜欢。 2) Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity, offers very little resistance. 铜的电阻很小, 所以广泛用于传输电力。 3. 表示让步 1) He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for. 他坚持要再建一幢 房子, 尽管他并无此需要。 2) Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man. 尽 管 电 子 计 算 机 有 许 多 优 点 , 但是它们不能进行创造性的工作, 也不能 代替人。 4. 表示条件 1) Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. 现在人们已经懂得, 如果饮食中 缺少某些重要成分, 即使其中不含任何有害 物质, 也会导致严重疾病。 2) For any machine whose input and out- put forces are known, its mechanical advan- tage can be calculated. 对 任 何 机 器 , 如果知 其输入力和输出力, 就能求出其机械效益。 5. 表示目的 1) They have built up a new college here, where students will be trained to be engineers and scientists. 他 们 已 在 这 里 建 了 一 所 新 的
3) One of the greatest promoters of struc- tural organic chemistry around the turn of the century was Emil Fisher, who, as early as 1893, had already the structure of cellulose as a polysaccharide in mind. 埃米尔·费 希 尔 是 世 纪之交结构有机化学方面最伟大的推动者 之一, 早在 1893 年他就认为纤维素的结构 是聚糖。
三、考研英语定语从句翻译实例 1. I shall define him as an individual who
has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems. (2006)