Is Jobs’ success related to his education

2022年9月英语六级试卷及参照解答英语六级试卷采用多题多卷的形式，大家核对解答时,找出具体选项，忽略套数。

无忧考网搜集整理了各个版本，仅供大家参照。

【听力】Conversation 1M: Welcome to Money Matters - a weekly program that helps you manage your money. Tonight, I'll be tal to Mary Johnson about budgeting.W: Hello, everyone.M: There's a magic about money, when it's not planned for, tracked and kept the record of, it literally disappears.What are some of the steps we can take to prevent this from happening?W: Well, it's all about keeping track of your money.If you don't do that, you'll never be able to set any goals for your budget or have the discipline to stick to them.M: That's easier said than done. I read recently that only 41% of Americans adhere to a budget.W: Yes, but knowing what you earn and what you spend can give you reassurance that you won't get into debt in the first place. You can do this by adding up all of your sources of income you have, and writing them all down on a piece of paper. On the same page, write down all of your monthly expenses.M: I'm always amazed at how much my expenses add up.But designating each item asan income or an expense really helps me have a much better sense of all my spending. W: Right. Most people have no idea how much they spend each day, let alone each week or month, no matter how careful they are. Next, subtract your monthly expenses from income. If the result is positive, you are living within your means. If the result is a negative number, you're going to have to cut back on your spending.M: I'm usually a negative number. I just can't resist the allure of all those prestigious goods.W: Well, it's not a catastrophe, but you do have to make some changes. Try cutting back on those non-essential items, sell some stuff in your attic or shop online to avoid unnecessary temptations like chocolate. Failing that you can always find yourself a part-time job.Q1: What does the man say about the weekly program?Q2: What did the man read recently?Q3: What does the woman suggest the man do first to avoid getting into debt?Q4: What does the woman say about online shopping?Conversation 2M: Hi there. I've come to see the flat. My name is Mark Adams. We spoke on the phone on Wednesday.W: Hi Mark. Come on up. I'll buzz you in green door, on the second floor on the right side. Nice to meet you. I spoke to all your references and they all checked out Okay.So let me show you around the place actually belongs to my mother, but her health isn't great. So we finally managed to persuade her to move in with us and rent this old place out.M：It's a great size, plenty of space, very versatile. I think it's a winner for us.W: Yes. All the appliances are brand new. There's a washing machine and a tumble dryer in the utility room next to the kitchen.M: Lots of closet space two, which is fabulous. My wife has a ridiculous number of shoes. Now, the big question What about noise and the neighbors?W: Well, all the neighbors are elderly, so no noisy kids and the back of the house overlooks a clear and peaceful pond. So it's perfect. If tranquility is what you are loo for.M: That's good news. We've been living in a less than glamorous part of Aberdeen, constantly harassed day and night by noisy neighbors. Getting to work was a nightmare too. As we only have one car. And my wife has to use it as she works nights at the hospital.W: Well, if you like the place it's yours. As soon as I get a contract drawn up with the solicitor, the first month's rent and a deposit are mandatory on signing the contract, then we can work out when is the best day for you to pay rent each month? M: We'll be incredibly happy to be your new tenants. Thank you so much. My wife will be thrilled to get out of the shabby place we are now in and start filling those wardrobes with all those shoes.Q5: What does the woman say about the flat question six?Q6: What is the man's chief consideration in loo for a flat?Q7: What does the man have to do on signing the contract?Q8: Why does the man say his wife will feel very excited if they move into the flat?Passage 1A new study has found a positive correlation between how much television children watch and their parents stress levels. Why? Because the more television kids watch, the more they're exposed to advertising .The more advertising they see, the more likely they are to insist on purchasing items when they go with their parents to the store.This could generate conflict if the parents refuse. All that researchers say can contribute to parents overall stress levels. What's the solution ? Perhaps the most obvious is curtailing screen time.Commercial content is there for a reason :to elicit purchasing behavior, so parents might want to shut off the TV. Researchers can see that this is easier said than done. So they suggest another option. Parents can change how they talk to their kids about purchases. The researchers suggest that parents seek input from their children on family purchasing decisions.They shouldn't try to control all purchases. Instead, parents might tell their children things like: I will listen to your advice on certain products or brands. This type of communication, the researchers assert, can lead to children, ma fewer purchasing demands- that means less parent stress. However,the protective effect of this kind of communication diminishes with greater exposure to television. This is because advertising aimed at children is especially persuasive. Advertisers use an assortment of tactics, such as bright colors, happy music and celebrity endorsements to appeal to children. Plus children don't have the cognitive ability to fully understand advertising's intent that makes them particularly vulnerable to advertisements.Q9: What has the new study found about children watching television?Q10:What are parents advised to do to reduce the impact of TV commercials?Q11: What makes children particularly vulnerable to TV commercials?Passage 2Everyone is supposed to cheer for good guys. And we should only punish the bad guys, but that's not what we always do. Most of the time we do indeed reward good people. We also often punish people who harm others or who aren't good team players, but sometimes the good guys also get punished or criticized specifically because they are so good. This seems baffling because it's detrimental to group cooperation. However, the phenomenon has been discovered in multiple fields and it has been found in every society. Why does this happen? Research suggests a simple reason when one person looks really good, others look bad by comparison. Those others then have an incentive in stopping that person from loo good, especially if they can't or won't compete. After all, we're all judged in comparison with others. When faced withsomeone better, what can a normal person do? One option is to actively compete. A second option is to bring that person down that is to suppress their cooperation or work ethic, and first selfish motives for their actions or imply real or imagined hypocrisy. Other tactics include attac them on unrelated dimensions or punishing them outright. Why does this matter? Critics often attack the motives of people who protect the environment, donate money or work too hard. Such good deeds are dismissed as naive or hypocritical by those who do not perform those deeds. This criticism may ultimately discourage people from doing good deeds.so it's important to recognize these attacks for what they are.Q12: What baffling phenomenon is discussed in the passage?Q13: How are we all judged according to the passage?Q14: What can a normal person do when faced with people who perform better?Q15: what may discourage people from performing good deeds?Lecture 1 雪萱In America, most researchers can see that boys and girls are brought up in different ways, taught different skills and rewarded for different acts. Women, it is agreed excel at certain tasks, men at others. There is little argument that some personality traits appear more dominant in one sex than in the other.All of this, not withstanding, gender differences are very much in the media these days. Since the rise of the women's movement, gender role behavior has come under closer scrutiny. How has this affected friendship? How do the sexes differ in theirfriendship relations? Most preteen children have a best friend who is usually some one of the same sex and similar age.Both sexes share an essentially positive recollection of these childhood friendships, they do not differ in this respect. However, the type of play engaged in during these early friendships is telling of the difference to come. Boys tend to form playgroups that are competitive in nature. Girls groups more frequently revolve around cooperative enterprises. Thus at an early age, boys become concerned with trying hard and winning, while girls by contrast play house and school, engaging in roles that require complimentary support. Spea of their childhood, men recall being highly responsive to and aware of the gender role opinions of other boys. Girls in preteen years appear to be less susceptible to gender role pressure. It is not until the dating years that women report being concerned with feminine behavior. Males for the most part are responsive to the suggestion that their behavior is unmanly at almost any age. These early attitudes reinforced by social conditioning continue to play an active part in the friendships of both sexes during adolescence. This is a period when the majority of males, once again, report a close Alliance with same sex friends.Now, however, with heightened intensity, considerable energy is devoted to competing for position and a definite undercurrent of competition permeates the relationship. Although in dissimilar fashion, females share equally fragile relationships at this age. For them, the bond of loyalty extends only to the line of romantic involvement.This is most apt to be the case in late adolescence when dating and relationships with boys take sharp precedence over sisterhood. Actually dating dilutes the intensity of samesex friendships for men also. For the majority of us, the moment we begin to date seriously, there's a competition between romance and friendship.Q16: What does the speaker say about most preteen children?Q17: What do most males devote much of their energy to during adolescence?Q18: What do children do when they reach late adolescence?Lecture 2Good afternoon. In today's lecture, we'll be tal about how and when to disclose a disability when applying for a job. On average, about 20% of the population has some form of disability. Most countries these days have equal opportunity and non-discrimination laws, yet disabled people often find it hard to decide when, how, and if at all to raise their disability problem with a potential employer. There is uncertainty about how a recruiter will perceive their disability as such many candidates fear they wouldn't be considered for a position as a result of disclosing this personal information. And research has validated this as a genuine concern for many j ob applicants. It’s a natural reaction, but it shouldn't be a reason to stay quiet. People need to remember that they are applying for a position they have the skills and experience to.Discussing a disability with a potential employer may help them make reasonable workplace adjustments in their favor. It's most appropriate to discuss a disabilitywhen they reply to confirm an interview, this information needed to be put up front in their cover letter or resume. because it's probably not relevant to the position itself. Candidates with disabilities should feel they have the power to make their own decisions around sharing this information free from prejudice. If they find an organization that doesn't celebrate diversity and inclusion, it could say a lot about the company's culture, perhaps the organization isn't the right fit. It's important for them to. remember That they are see a manager, an employer that's going to be supportive and continue to give them a great employment experience. Companies sometimes offer candidates the chance to disclose disabilities on their application form, but people shouldn't feel restricted by this method or timing. People should avoid sharing the name of their disability or condition. There is always the risk that the recruiter will research inform that is inaccurate or irrelevant. If people don't think their disability will impact their ability to perform in the advertised position, then it's entirely their entitlement to choose when and whether to share this information.Q19: Why do disabled job applicants feel reluctant to disclose their disability information?Q20: When does the speaker suggest applicants reveal their disability information? Q21: What are people advised to do when filling out their job application form?Lecture 3Smartphones Distract attention and reduce learning because of their potential to offer activities more inviting than study.But what about background sound alone?A group of American researchers compared students' comprehension of verbal material when reading in the presence of background speech, instrumental music or general noise.General noise is neutral such as that from the sound of an air conditioner or fan. Student scores were most depressed in the presence of background speech. Comprehension was slightly better with the presence of music than with speech. However, when they were asked to identify melodies rather than understand text background music interfered more. When the background speech was in a language unfamiliar to participants, there was little, if any hindrance of reading comprehension.British researchers compared the effects of background speech, vocal music, instrumental music, general background noise and silence on short term memory. Background speech had the biggest negative effect. Vocal music was slightly more disruptive than instrumental.In general background noise and silence were least disrupt.It seems the degree of interference from background noise depends on the overlap between the processing required on the task and the processing required to screen out the background noise.The studies suggest that when people read and when they try to remember any verbal material, background speech will inhibit their ability.Instrumental music will have at worst a slight effect.When students write essays, however,other research has found it is best to reduce all background noise as much as possible.Not everyone reacts in the same way to distractions.Other studies suggest some aspects of personality may make a difference.The researchers subjected shy, quiet people and confident, outgoing ones to high arousal or low arousal background music, general noise or silence while as them to remember words.Everyone performed best in the silent condition, but less sociable people were more negatively affected by each of the distractions.So when children are reading and trying to incorporate new material, parents could consider allowing some background music, particularly if it is instrumental and their child is the outgoing type.Q22: What did some American researchers find about students reading comprehension in the presence of background noise?Q23: What do we learn from the British researchers about the degree of interference from background noise?Q24: What is best for students to do when writing essays according to some research?Q25: How do people of different personalities react to distractions according to other studies?听力参照解答1.C) It helps people with budgeting.2.D) Most Americans do not stick to a budget.3.A) Keep track of his money.4.B) It helps avoid unnecessary spending.5.C) It belongs to her mother.6.B) Tranquility.7.B) Pay the first month's rent and a deposit.8.D) She will have plenty of space for her shoes.9. D) The more television they watch, the greater their parents' stress.10. C) Involve children in ma purchasing decisions.11. A) Their limited cognitive ability.12）D Good guys may get unfair treatment13) C In comparsion with others14) B Compete with them actively15) A Being dismissed as hypocritical16.D) They make friends with peers of the same sax.17. A) Competing for position.18. A) They prioritize romance over friendship.19. B) They are worried about being turned down.20. C) When confirming an interview.21. D) Avoid mentioning the name of their disability.22.B) It was the poorest when there was background speech.23.C) It depends on the overlap in processing different kinds of information.24.A) Keep everything as quiet as possible.25. B) Shy quiet people were most adversely impacted.【阅读】词汇理解（1）文章开头开头：The now extinct passenger pigeon has the dubious honor of being the last species anyone ever expected to disappear.（2）解答【解答速查】26-30 LAIMO 31-35 BCHND26. L) estimates27. A) vulnerable28. I) hatched29. M) edible30. O) delicacy31. B) unprecedented32. C) tracts33. H) infinite34. N) depleted35. D) specimen长篇阅读（1）文章标题标题：Is computer coding a foreign language?（2）解答速查36-40 LEKGD 41-45 HBJCM（3）题干、解答和定位处36. Employers attach more importance to applicants' computer skills than their language competence.36. L 【定位】Even with the benefits and skill sets languages provide, recruiters and employers value computer skills more.37. One U.S. state senator proposed that high school students be allowed to study either foreign language or computer coding.37. E【定位】“I think the opportunity to give people a choice is important," says Florida state Senator Jeremy Ring.might as well do computer coding."38. Learning languages broadens students' international perspective and nurtures mutual respect among peoples, according to a high school language teacher.38. K【定位】 We need to find a way to put ourselves at the global table and to treat each other with mutual respect.39. One U.S. state will see to it that programming classes are taught by quality teachers.39. G 【定位】 Instead, the state will provide support for higher quality teachers for programming classes.40. Statistics show while computer-related jobs have been on the rise, foreign languages have become less appealing to American students since mid-1990s.40. D 【定位】Foreign language interest, on the other hand, is declining for the first time since 1995.41. All school subjects are said to be essential to students' well-rounded development.41. H 【定位】…because every subject, whether art, math or language. is a significant contribution to a well-rounded existence.42. There is consensus among most educators that coding should be taught in schools but should not replace foreign language.42. B【定位】Coding should be added to curriculums, but not at the expense of foreign language classes.43. One study showed that foreign language learning improved students' academic performance.43. J【定位】Studies show that bilingualism (双语) correlates with cognitive development, intelligence, memory and problem solving abilities, according to the American Cou44. Being short of funding and qualified teachers, schools lag behind the fast developing computer science field.44. C 【定位】The computer science field is growing faster than schools can keep up because of budget constraints and a lack of skills training for teachers. 45. A distinguished high school language teacher also believes it is advisable to start learning a foreign language at an earlier age.45. M 【定位】I just think it's something you have to start early and not just have something that you do for a couple of years in high school," he says.Passage One（1）文章开头The U.S. and China don’t agree on much these days.（2）解答【解答速查】 46-50 DCABC（3）解答选项内容：46. D) How to stop tech companies from gaining monopoly.47. C) All companies must be regulated by the government.48. A) They can no longer do business independent of tech giants.49. B) They have considered regulatory action to promote fair competition.50. C) They are becoming untrustworthy.Passage Two文章开头：Born from the accessibility of mass air travel, modern解答速查：51-55 DBDAC51. What is the popular assumption about international tourism?D) It contributes to the economy of destination countries and regions.52. What do we learn from some studies about uncontrolled tourism development?B) It incurs local residents' antagonism to tourists.53. Why does the author say local residents of popular destinations often feel frustrated?D)They do not think they benefit as much as they deserve.54. How does the author say local residents in destination communities respond to tourism activity?A)They endeavor to adapt to it.55. What can tourists do to exert more positive impacts on the tourist destinations?C)Use the services provided by local businesses.【翻译】春联贴春联(Spring Festival couplets)是中国人欢度春节的一个重要习俗。

介绍工作的优缺点英语作文Working has both advantages and disadvantages. On one hand, working allows us to earn a living and support ourselves financially. It provides us with a sense of independence and self-sufficiency. We can use the money we earn to meet our basic needs, such as food, shelter, and clothing. Moreover, having a job gives us a sense of purpose and fulfillment. It allows us to contribute to society and make a difference in the world. For example, doctors save lives, teachers educate the future generation, and engineers build infrastructure that improves people's lives.On the other hand, working can also have its drawbacks. One major disadvantage is the potential for work-related stress and burnout. Many jobs require long hours and high levels of responsibility, which can lead to physical and mental exhaustion. Additionally, some jobs may be monotonous and repetitive, leading to boredom and a lack of motivation. Another disadvantage is the lack of work-lifebalance. Some jobs may require employees to work irregular hours or be constantly on call, which can interfere with personal relationships and leisure activities. For instance, doctors and emergency responders often have to work nights, weekends, and holidays, which can strain their personal lives.Overall, working has its pros and cons. It provides financial stability and a sense of purpose, but it can also be stressful and disrupt work-life balance. It is important to find a job that aligns with our interests and values,and to prioritize self-care and relaxation to avoid burnout. By finding a balance between work and personal life, we can enjoy the benefits of working while minimizing its drawbacks.英文回答：Working has both advantages and disadvantages. On one hand, working allows us to earn a living and support ourselves financially. It provides us with a sense of independence and self-sufficiency. We can use the money weearn to meet our basic needs, such as food, shelter, and clothing. Moreover, having a job gives us a sense ofpurpose and fulfillment. It allows us to contribute to society and make a difference in the world. For example, doctors save lives, teachers educate the future generation, and engineers build infrastructure that improves people's lives.On the other hand, working can also have its drawbacks. One major disadvantage is the potential for work-related stress and burnout. Many jobs require long hours and high levels of responsibility, which can lead to physical and mental exhaustion. Additionally, some jobs may be monotonous and repetitive, leading to boredom and a lack of motivation. Another disadvantage is the lack of work-life balance. Some jobs may require employees to work irregular hours or be constantly on call, which can interfere with personal relationships and leisure activities. For instance, doctors and emergency responders often have to work nights, weekends, and holidays, which can strain their personal lives.Overall, working has its pros and cons. It provides financial stability and a sense of purpose, but it can also be stressful and disrupt work-life balance. It is important to find a job that aligns with our interests and values,and to prioritize self-care and relaxation to avoid burnout. By finding a balance between work and personal life, we can enjoy the benefits of working while minimizing its drawbacks.中文回答：工作既有优点也有缺点。

高二英语职业发展策略单选题40题1.Which of the following is a profession related to healthcare?A.TeacherB.DoctorC.WriterD.Artist答案：B。

本题考查职业相关名词。

A 选项“Teacher”是教师；B 选项“Doctor”是医生，与医疗保健相关；C 选项“Writer”是作家；D 选项“Artist”是艺术家。

2.In career planning, what is an important factor to consider?A.HobbyB.FriendshipC.SalaryD.Weather答案：C。

本题考查职业规划相关名词。

A 选项“Hobby”是爱好；B 选项“Friendship”是友谊；C 选项“Salary”是薪水，在职业规划中是重要的考虑因素；D 选项“Weather”是天气。

3.Which occupation requires a lot of creativity?A.AccountantB.EngineerC.Designerwyer答案：C。

本题考查职业相关名词。

A 选项“Accountant”是会计；B 选项“Engineer”是工程师；C 选项“Designer”是设计师，需要很多创造力；D 选项“Lawyer”是律师。

4.What is a common characteristic of a successful entrepreneur?A.ShyzyC.ConfidentD.Angry答案：C。

本题考查职业相关名词及人物特点。

A 选项“Shy”是害羞的；B 选项“Lazy”是懒惰的；C 选项“Confident”是自信的，成功的企业家通常很自信；D 选项“Angry”是生气的。

5.Which profession is associated with law enforcement?A.Police officerB.NurseC.ChefD.Singer答案：A。

老师爱岗敬业主题英语演讲稿【篇一】老师爱岗敬业主题英语演讲稿Dear leaders, colleagues:hello everyone!Einstein once said: “I think for all, only love is the best teacher, he far exceeds the sense of responsibility.”No matter what profession a person is engaged in, one must first love his own career. Only then will he devote himself wholeheartedly. The motivation for loving your career is to be happy at work.Mr Tao Xingzhi once made such an analysis of the professional characteristics of teachers: educators should know that education is a nameless, unprofitable, and honorable thing, a pure department service opportunity and a chance to contribute. And there is no fame, no honor. In order to adapt to the rapid changes of the current society, modern teachers face many challenges, such as the update of knowledge structure, improvement of teaching technology, the attempt of new teaching methods, and the increasingly difficult to cope with the miscellaneous things... In order to cope with these changes, teachers must pay a price, and the price paid often cannot obtain visible benefits. Because of this, teachers tend to gaindignity from social status rather than economic status. This is also different from many other professions. Teachers take their spiritual world as professional resources to a large extent, and do not win by actual counted benefits. Then we should find happiness in our work.First, love for the post and work is the source of the driving force of the music and education industry.Only under the guidance of the spirit of loving the post and working hard, closely linking the development of school education work, the prosperity of national education and their own destiny, teachers can learn the pleasure of being a teacher and be proud of being a teacher, Take the teacher as pride. Under the control of the spirit of “loving the post and working hard”, teachers will not regard ordinary work as ordinary work, not trivial work as trivial work, but will take every link of education and teaching seriously, show spirit in the subtle places, work hard on small things, experience the value of life in simple but great education work, and under the condition of market economy, The key to the cultivation of teachers’morality is to cultivate the spirit of loving and dedicated to the post. He is the key because he is not only the core and foundation of teachers’morality, but also the source ofmotivation to promote teachers’ poor progress.Secondly, loving the post and working hard is the foundation of maintaining the stability of the teachers.The ancients said: “the state will prosper, and the teacher will be valued, the state will decline, the humble teacher and the light Fu.”In today’s world, the development of education of a country or nation is directly related to whether the country or nation can flourish and remain invincible. If the development of education is related to the fate of the country and the nation, it is a key point to ensure the stability of the teachers. Therefore, we should strengthen the education of teachers’morality, promote teachers to cultivate their professional responsibility, duty, pride and honor, only when all teachers cultivate or develop their own dedication to work and work hard, Only when we devote ourselves to the teaching and educating, can the teachers develop steadily.Thirdly, loving the post and working hard is the necessary premise for doing something in the post.Whether teachers can work in love with their jobs is one of the main factors that determine his work performance. Only those who love them can make a difference in their work. Thisis because the unremitting pursuit of loving the post and dedication can lay a good foundation or provide necessary premise for teachers to correctly deal with and solve many contradictions in the process of education. Only by loving the post and working hard, teachers can face their social responsibility and social obligations. “The state and the people have entrusted children to teachers to educate the most vulnerable by age, to cultivate, educate and build this generation of young people, that is, to entrust their hopes and future to them,” said galling This kind of delegation of the state and the people is not unconditional. At the same time, the responsibility and obligation of teachers are stipulated when the children are handed over to teachers. These responsibilities and obligations are put forward on the basis of comprehensive familiarity with the law of education development. That is, we should make clear that: loving the post and working for work is the teachers’self-conscious identification and internalization of various norms and requirements, and the performance of consciously committing to fulfill social responsibilities and obligations. So it is the basic guarantee for teachers to love their jobs and work hard. Anyone can be a teacher, but not everyone can be a qualifiedteacher.Teachers should have rich knowledge, reasonable knowledge structure and ability structure, noble moral sentiment, good psychological cultivation, which are mainly achieved by teachers’self-education, self-cultivation and self-improvement. So where are the motivations for these practices? The profound familiarity of teachers’ objective requirements for educational activities and their own quality level comes from the unremitting pursuit of solving this contradiction and the deep-seated dedication to work. With the dedication of loving post, teachers can have a rational familiarity with their own quality level, and make it close to the objective requirements of education work in education. Through their continuous improvement and development, it can provide guarantee for better completion of education tasks. If constantly improving self is the basis for teachers to make a difference in their work, then loving the post and dedication is the basis of the foundation. Loving the post and working hard can help teachers to deal with various social relations, resolve various contradictions and improve their work efficiency. In order to achieve work achievements, teachers must have social understanding, support from colleagues,cooperation of parents and conscious efforts of students. The spirit of “loving the post and working hard” has great help in these aspects, and it helps teachers improve their work efficiency and consolidate and develop their education.In short, only teachers love their jobs and work hard can they gain some in their education activities. On the contrary, they can only achieve nothing, and sigh. A teacher who loves to work and works hard not only relies on experience teaching to educate people, but also sums up the educational law and teaches scientifically according to the requirements of the law of education; Whether preparing for class, class, correcting homework or managing class, it will put its educational behavior under the observation of scientific familiarity, carry out scientific planning, organization, implementation and teach according to their aptitude. Obviously, teachers’work not only has an attitude problem, but also contains the subjective requirements of exploring science and pursuing the best education effect, and effective education methods. In other words, teachers’ professional dedication, as a moral choice, embodies the comprehensive pursuit of unity of motivation and effect. Human beings have entered a new century. The new century and the new historical period call for the rapiddevelopment of education and the new teachers with both moral and talent. In order to meet the needs of social development and cultivate a new generation, we must do it.My speech is over, thank you!【篇二】老师爱岗敬业主题英语演讲稿Leaders, teachers and students:hello everyone!In this world, there is one kind of emotion that can best embody selflessness meaning called love. It can clear the rubble of sadness, push down the wall of despair, and light the light of hope. Being a people’s teacher must have a love first, because education itself means that one tree shakes another tree, one cloud pushes another cloud, one soul wakes up another soul. It is a process of moral education, conduct, enlighten wisdom, raise sex with sex and move emotion with emotion.For students, teachers’love is a magical and great power, and it is another great love in the world besides mother love. This love is selfless. But teacher love is different from mother love, because it is a combination of reason and soul, and a bridge between teachers and students. Teachers love can lead students to generate great internal motivation, and consciously and actively take the direction pointed out by theteacher. Only when teachers give students sincere love, give them a sense of closeness, trust and expectation, can students have a psychology of attachment and admiration to teachers, and can we open up their inner world to teachers. Only when we can “treat the right case”and receive the due effect. Therefore, teachers must use their own love to affect students, to achieve emotional, rational, moral, emotional combination, will produce emotional effect, and receive better moral education.Tao Xingzhi, a famous educator, once said a famous saying to the teacher: “watt is under your whip, Newton is in your cold eye, and Edison is in your ridicule.”. At the same time, Mr. Tao also explained the meaning of “love” with his own words and behaviors. One day, Mr Tao Xingzhi saw a boy who wanted to smash his classmates with bricks, and ordered him to go to the principal’s office. When Mr. Tao Xingzhi got to know something, he returned to the office and saw the boy waiting for him. Tao Xingzhi took out a piece of sugar and handed it to him: “it’s for you because you come on time than I am.”Then he took out a piece of sugar to the boy: “this is also for you. I won’t let you beat people. You stop immediately, which means you respect me very much.” The boy will take the candy with confidence. Tao Xingzhi added: “it is understoodthat you beat your classmates because he bullied the female classmates, indicating that you have a sense of justice.”“And Mr Tao took out the third piece of sugar and said. At this time, the man cried: “headmaster, I am wrong, my classmates are no longer right, I can not take this way.”Mr Tao took out the fourth candy and said, “you have admitted your mistake.I have another piece of sugar. My sugar is over, and our conversation is over.”Some of the stories are worth pondering and playing with. Some teachers can not find the reason to praise and praise from the “backward students”. Besides, it is not a reason to lack love except for not thinking about problems from many angles.Stepping into the Jingjing campus, we face to face several big words: Building Teachers’morality, casting the spirit of teachers, practicing teachers’skills and building teachers’watch are our common heart voice and a firm oath of a middle school! I will never forget my responsibility, and I will plant love among children while spreading knowledge, because I know that in this world, there is a kind of emotion that can best embody selflessness meaning called love, which can clear the rubble of sadness, push down the desperate ‘broken wall, and light the lamp of hope.There is love, everything.【篇三】老师爱岗敬业主题英语演讲稿Dear leaders, teachers and studentshello everyone!Cai Yuanpei, an educator of a generation, once said: “to have a good society, we must first have good individuals; To have a good individual, we must first have a good education. “Generally speaking, good education requires excellent teachers.Some people compare teachers to “those who hold up the sun of tomorrow”. This metaphor is very appropriate ““Supporting” is not “protecting” chickens like hens; It’s not “taming” animals like a circus. Education is a profound art, we need every educator to put in all our love to explain the meaning of “trust”.Without love, there will be no education. Without love, it is impossible to open the window of students’ hearts, let alone make us qualified and excellent educators. Only with the support of love, we can cultivate a high-quality team, a team belonging to the 21st century.At all times and in all over the world, countless excellenteducators have practiced and silently told us an irrefutable truth: only when we love every student like our own children can we open the window of every student’s heart and educate them well. As a teacher, we may be familiar with the name of Wei Shusheng. He served as president and secretary. There were 38 part-time jobs in the society inside and outside the province. He did not change a composition or take an exam. Take two graduating classes taught by Wei Shusheng in 1988 as an example: 135 students in the summer entrance examination all reached the entrance mark line; Among the 14 middle schools in the city, there are 30 candidates with more than 600 scores, 10 of whom are in Wei Shusheng class; The first, second and third place in the city’s total score and the first place in Chinese, politics, mathematics, chemistry, English and biology are all students of Wei Shusheng’s class. “When I saw this passage, I was deeply shocked. I was also a teacher. How I wanted to be like him.There is no doubt that Wei Shusheng’s teaching is certainly good, but only good teaching is not enough. There are many teachers who teach well, but the effect is not necessarily as good as him. Why? That is the lack of another important cornerstone of achievement, that is, love and respect forstudents.His respect is true, not hypocritical, and it’s all there is to it. His respect for students is like the relationship between you and me. From my own point of view, there is no doubt that I also love my students. After class, I will also touch the students’ heads and make fun of them; When students are ill, I will take them to the hospital; Every festival, I will also call the students home. However, in essence, I am still me and students are still students. When they make mistakes, I will still stand in the position of teachers and criticize them; When they contradict themselves, I also feel that they have offended the dignity of teachers. Therefore, the students only moved me for a moment, not willingly convinced. So when I come out of the classroom, some forced students are unwilling to study. That’s the essence.But a friend is not. What a friend asks you to do must be done well, because you are afraid of failing him. Wei Shusheng’s classroom should be like this. Students are friends respected by teacher Wei, and teacher Wei is friends respected by students. The exchange condition is that teachers give students the best democracy and students give teachers the best grades. Because Wei Shusheng gave up being tall, he gainedcloseness and success.If every teacher, like Mr. Wei, implements democracy, truly loves students from the bottom of his heart, and plays a humble role for teachers and a stronger role for students, then there will not only be success in scores, but also maturity in social morality. As educators, we are facing a group of new generation who dare to challenge and question. They have their own ideas and opinions. They are not credulous and follow blindly. They are not superstitious about the authority of teachers. This requires us to move them with all our love, just like strict father and loving mother.”It’s a long way to go. I’ll go up and down to seek it!”, Colleagues here, in our educational career, there is still a long way to go, but no matter what difficulties we encounter, as long as we continue to use love to irrigate every student’s heart, just as we treat our beloved children, we have no reason not to succeed! I firmly believe that the sun held up with love today will shine brilliantly tomorrow.。

英语证书考试美国经企管理研究生入学考试(GMT)模拟题2020年(14)(总分100,考试时间75分钟)阅读理解Human beings, born with a drive to explore and experiment, thrive on learning. Unfortunately, corporations are oriented predominantly toward controlling employees, not fostering their learning. Ironically, this orientation creates the very conditions that predestine employees to mediocre performances. Over time, superior performance requires superior learning, because long-term corporate survival depends on continually exploring new business and organizational opportunities that can create new sources of growth.To survive in the future, corporations must become "learning organizations," enterprises that are constantly able to adapt and expand their capabilities. To accomplish this, corporations must change how they view employees. The traditional view that a single charismatic leader should set the corporation's direction and make key decisions is rooted in an individualistic worldview. In an increasingly interdependent world, such a view is no longer viable. In learning organizations, thinking and acting are integrated at all job levels. Corporate leadership is shared, and leaders become designers, teachers, and stewards, roles requiring new skills: the ability to build shared vision, to reveal and challenge prevailing mental models, and to foster broader, more integrated patterns of thinking. In short, leaders in learning organizations are responsible for building organizations in which employees are continually learning new skills and expanding their capabilities to shape their future.1. 1.According to the passage, traditional corporate leaders differ from leaders in learning organizations in that the formerA. encourage employees to concentrate on developing a wide range of skillsB. enable employees to recognize and confront dominant corporate models and to develop alternative modelsC. make important policy decisions alone and then require employees in the corporation to abide by those decisionsD. instill confidence in employees because of their willingness to make risky decisions and accept their consequencesE. are concerned with offering employees frequent advice and career guidance2. 2.Which of the following best describes employee behavior encouraged within learning organizations, as such organizations are described in the passage?A. Carefully defining one's job description and taking care to avoid deviations from itB. Designing mentoring programs that train new employees to follow procedures that have beenused for many yearsC. Concentrating one's efforts on mastering one aspect of a complicated taskD. Studying an organizational problem, preparing a report, and submitting it to a corporate leader for approvalE. Analyzing a problem related to productivity, making a decision about a solution, and implementing that solution3. 3.According to the author of the passage, corporate leaders of the future should do which of the following?A. They should encourage employees to put long-term goals ahead of short-term profits.B. They should exercise more control over employees in order to constrain production costs.C. They should redefine incentives for employees' performance improvement.D. They should provide employees with opportunities to gain new skills and expand their capabilities.E. They should promote individual managers who **mitted to **pany policies.4. 4.The primary purpose of the passage is toA. endorse a traditional corporate structureB. introduce a new approach to corporate leadership and evaluate criticisms of itC. **peting theories about management practices and reconcile themD. contrast two typical corporate organizational structuresE. propose an alternative to a common corporate approachStructural unemployment—the unemployment that remains even at the peak of the economy's upswings—is caused by an imbalance between the types and locations of available employment on the one hand and the qualifications and locations of workers on the other hand. When such an imbalance exists, both labor shortages and unemployment may occur, despite a balance between supply and demand for labor in the economy as a whole.Because technological change is likely to displace some workers, it is a major factor in producing structural unemployment. While technological advance almost invariably results in shifts in demands for different types of workers, it does not necessarily result in unemployment. Relatively small or gradual changes in demand are likely to cause little unemployment. In the individual firm or even in the labor market as a whole, normal attrition may be sufficient to reduce the size of the work force in the affected occupations. Relatively large or rapid changes, however, can cause serious problems. Workers may lose their jobs and find themselves without the skills necessary to obtain new jobs. Whether this displacement leads to structural unemployment depends on the amount of public and private sector resources devoted to retraining and placing those workers. Workers can be encouraged to move where there are jobs, to reeducate or retrain themselves, or to retire. In addition, other factors affecting structural unemployment, such as capital movement, can be controlled.Increased structural unemployment, should it occur, makes it difficult for the economy to achieve desired low rates of unemployment along with low rates of inflation. If there is a growing pool of workers who lack the necessary skills for the available jobs, increases in total labor demand will rapidly generate shortages of qualified workers. As the wages of those workers are bid up, labor costs, and thus prices, rise. This phenomenon may be an important factor in the rising trend, observed for the past two decades, of **bined with inflation. Government policy has placed a priority on reducing inflation, but these efforts have nevertheless caused unemployment toincrease.5. 5.All of the following are mentioned as ways of controlling the magnitude of structural unemployment EXCEPTA. using public funds to create jobsB. teaching new skills to displaced workersC. allowing displaced workers to retireD. controlling the movement of capitalE. encouraging workers to move to where jobs are available6. 6.The passage suggests that a potential outcome of higher structural unemployment isA. increased public spending for social servicesB. placement of workers in jobs for which they are not qualifiedC. higher wages for those workers who have skills that are in demandD. an increase in the length of time jobs remain unfilledE. a shift in the government's economic policy priorities7. 7.It can be inferred from the passage that even when there are unemployed workers, labor shortages are still likely to occur ifA. the inflation rate is unusually highB. there is insufficient technological innovationC. the level of structural unemployment is exceptionally lowD. the jobs available in certain places require skills that the labor force in those areas lacksE. the workers in some industries are dissatisfied with the pay offered in those industries8. 8.The passage suggests that the phenomenon of combined unemployment and inflation isA. a socioeconomic problem that can only be addressed by government interventionB. a socioeconomic problem that can be characteristic of periods of structural unemploymentC. an economic problem that results from government intervention in management-labor relationsD. an economic problem that results from imperfect applications of technologyE. an economic problem that can be eliminated by relatively small changes in the labor force9. 9.The passage is primarily concerned withA. clarifying the definition of a conceptB. proposing a way to eliminate an undesirable conditionC. discussing the sources and consequences of a problemD. suggesting ways to alleviate the effects of a particular social policyE. evaluating the steps that have been taken to correct an imbalance10. 10.According to the passage, small downward shifts in the demand for labor will not usually cause unemployment becauseA. such shifts are frequently accompanied by upswings in the economyB. such shifts usually occur slowlyC. workers can be encouraged to move to where there are jobsD. normal attrition is often sufficient to reduce the size of the work forceE. workers are usually flexible enough to learn new skills and switch to new jobsIn 1971 researchers hoping to predict earthquakes in the short term by identifying precursory phenomena (those that occur a few days before large quakes but not otherwise) turned their attention to changes in seismic waves that had been detected prior to earthquakes. An explanation for such changes was offered by "dilatancy theory," based on a well-known phenomenon observedin rocks in the laboratory: as stress builds, microfractures in rock close, decreasing the rock's volume. But as stress continues to increase, the rock begins to crack and expand in volume, allowing groundwater to seep in, weakening the rock. According to this theory, such effects could lead to several precursory phenomena in the field, including a change in the velocity of seismic waves, and an increase in small, nearby tremors.Researchers initially reported success in identifying these possible precursors, but subsequent analyses of their data proved disheartening. Seismic waves with unusual velocities were recorded before some earthquakes, but while the historical record confirms that most large earthquakes are preceded by minor tremors, these foreshocks indicate nothing about the magnitude of an impending quake and are indistinguishable from other minor tremors that occur without large earthquakes.In the 1980s, some researchers turned their efforts from short-term to long-term prediction. Noting that earthquakes tend to occur repeatedly in certain regions, Lindh and Baker attempted to identify patterns of recurrence, or earthquake cycles, on which to base predictions. In a study of earthquake-prone sites along the San Andreas Fault, they determined that quakes occurred at intervals of approximately 22 years near one site and concluded that there was a 95 percent probability of an earthquake in that area by 1992. The earthquake did not occur within the time frame predicted, however.Evidence against the kind of regular earthquake cycles that Lindh and Baker tried to establish **e from a relatively new field, paleoseismology. Paleoseismologists have unearthed and dated geological features such as fault scarps that were caused by earthquakes thousands of years ago. They have determined that the average interval between ten earthquakes that took place at one site along the San Andreas Fault in the past two millennia was 132 years, but individual intervals ranged greatly, from 44 to 332 years.11. 11.The passage is primarily concerned withA. explaining why one method of earthquake prediction has proven more practicable than an alternative methodB. suggesting that accurate earthquake forecasting **bine elements of long-term and short-term predictionC. challenging the usefulness of dilatancy theory for explaining the occurrence of precursory phenomenaD. discussing the deficiency of two methods by which researchers have attempted to predict the occurrence of earthquakesE. describing the development of methods for establishing patterns in the occurrence of past earthquakes12. 12.According to the passage, laboratory evidence concerning the effects of stress on rocks might help account forA. differences in magnitude among earthquakesB. certain phenomena that occur prior to earthquakesC. variations in the intervals between earthquakes in a particular areaD. differences in the frequency with which earthquakes occur in various areasE. the unreliability of short-term earthquake predictions13. 13.It can be inferred from the passage that one problem with using precursory phenomena to predict earthquakes is that minor tremorsA. typically occur some distance from the sites of the large earthquakes that follow themB. are directly linked to the mechanisms that cause earthquakesC. are difficult to distinguish from major tremorsD. have proven difficult to measure accuratelyE. are not always followed by large earthquakes14. 14.According to the passage, some researchers based their research about long-term earthquake prediction on which of the following facts?A. The historical record confirms that most earthquakes have been preceded by minor tremors.B. The average interval between earthquakes in one region of the San Andreas Fault is 132 years.C. Some regions tend to be the site of numerous earthquakes over the course of many years.D. Changes in the volume of rock can occur as a result of building stress and can lead to the weakening of rock.E. Paleoseismologists have been able to unearth and date geological features caused by past earthquakes.15. 15.The passage suggests which of the following about the paleoseismologists' findings described in lines 42-50?A. They suggest that the frequency with which earthquakes occurred at a particular site decreased significantly over the past two millennia.B. They suggest that paleoseismologists may someday be able to make reasonably accurate long-term earthquake predictions.C. They suggest that researchers may someday be able to determine which past occurrences of minor tremors were actually followed by large earthquakes.D. They suggest that the recurrence of earthquakes in earthquake-prone sites is too irregular to serve as a basis for earthquake prediction.E. They indicate that researchers attempting to develop long-term methods of earthquake prediction have overlooked important evidence concerning the causes of earthquakes.16. 16.The author implies which of the following about the ability of the researchers mentioned in line 18 to predict earthquakes?A. They can identify when an earthquake is likely to occur but not how large it will be.B. They can identify the regions where earthquakes are likely to occur but not when they will occur.C. They are unable to determine either the time or the place that earthquakes are likely to occur.D. They are likely to be more accurate at short-term earthquake prediction than at long-term earthquake prediction.E. They can determine the regions where earthquakes have occurred in the past but not the regions where they are likely to occur in the future.A key decision required of advertising managers is whether a "hard-sell" or "soft-sell" strategy is appropriate for a specific target market. The hardsell approach involves the use of direct, forceful claims regarding the benefits of the advertised brand **petitors' offerings. In contrast, the soft-sell approach involves the use of advertising claims that imply superiority more subtly.One positive aspect of the hard-sell approach is its use of very simple and straightforward product claims presented as explicit conclusions, with little room for confusion regarding the advertiser's message. However, some consumers may resent being told what to believe and some may distrust the message. Resentment and distrust often lead to counterargumentation and to boomerangeffects where **e to believe conclusions diametrically opposed to conclusions endorsed in advertising claims. By contrast, the risk of boomerang effects is greatly reduced with soft-sell approaches. One way to implement the soft-sell approach is to provide information that implies the main conclusions the advertiser wants the consumer to draw, but leave the conclusions themselves unstated. Because consumers are invited to make up their own minds, implicit conclusions reduce the risk of resentment, distrust, and counterargumentation.Recent research on consumer memory and judgment suggests another advantage of implicit conclusions. Beliefs or conclusions that are self-generated are more accessible from memory than beliefs from conclusions provided explicitly by other individuals, and thus have a greater impact on judgment and decision making. Moreover, self-generated beliefs are often perceived as more accurate and valid than the beliefs of others, because other individuals may be perceived as less knowledgeable, or may be perceived as manipulative or deliberately misleading.Despite these advantages, implicit conclusions may not always be more effective than explicit conclusions. One risk is that some consumers may fail to draw their own conclusions and thus miss the point of the message. Inferential activity is likely only when consumers are motivated and able to engage in effortful cognitive processes. Another risk is that some consumers may draw conclusions other than the one intended. Even if inferential activity is likely there is no guarantee that consumers will follow the path provided by the advertiser. Finally, a third risk is that consumers may infer the intended conclusion but question the validity of their inference.17. 17.It can be inferred from the passage that one reason an advertiser might prefer a hard-sell approach to a soft-sell approach is thatA. the risks of boomerang effects are minimized when the conclusions an advertiser wants the consumer to draw are themselves left unstatedB. counterargumentation is likely from consumers who fail to draw their own conclusions regarding an advertising claimC. inferential activity is likely to occur even if consumers perceive themselves to be more knowledgeable than the individuals presenting product claimsD. research on consumer memory suggests that the explicit conclusions provided by an advertiser using the hard-sell approach have a significant impact on decision makingE. the information presented by an advertiser using the soft-sell approach may imply different conclusions to different consumers18. 18.Each of the following is mentioned in the passage as a characteristic of the hard-sell approach EXCEPT:A. Its overall message is readily grasped.B. It appeals to consumers' knowledge about the product.C. It makes explicit claims that the advertised brand is superior to other brands.D. It uses statements that are expressed very clearly.E. It makes claims in the form of direct conclusions.19. 19.It can be inferred from the passage that advertisers could reduce one of the risks discussed in the last paragraph if they were able to provideA. motivation for consumers to think about the advertisement's messageB. information that implies the advertiser's intended conclusion but leaves that conclusion unstatedC. subtle evidence that the advertised product is superior to that of competitorsD. **paring the advertised product with **petitorsE. opportunity for consumers to generate their own beliefs or conclusions20. 20.The primary purpose of the passage is toA. point out the risks involved in the use of a particular advertising strategyB. make a case for the superiority of one advertising strategy over anotherC. illustrate the ways in which two advertising strategies may be implementedD. present the advantages and disadvantages of two advertising strategiesE. contrast the types of target markets for which two advertising strategies are appropriate21. 21.Which of the following best describes the function of the sentence in lines 25-28 in the context of the passage as a whole?A. It reiterates a distinction between two advertising strategies that is made in the first paragraph.B. It explains how a particular strategy avoids a drawback described earlier in the paragraph.C. It suggests that a risk described earlier in the paragraph is less serious than some researchers believe it to be.D. It outlines why the strategy described in the previous sentence involves certain risks for an advertiser.E. It introduces an argument that will be refuted in the following paragraph.22. 22.It can be inferred from the passage that one situation in which the boomerang effect often occurs is when consumersA. have been exposed to forceful claims that are diametrically opposed to those in an advertiser's messageB. have previous self-generated beliefs or conclusions that are readily accessible from memoryC. are subjected to advertising messages that are targeted at specific markets to which those consumers do not belongD. are confused regarding the point of the advertiser's messageE. come to view the advertiser's message with suspicion23. 23.It can be inferred from the passage that the research mentioned in line 29 supports which of the following statements?A. Implicit conclusions are more likely to capture accurately the point of the advertiser's message than are explicit conclusions.B. Counterargumentation is less likely to occur if an individual's beliefs or conclusions are readily accessible from memory.C. The hard-sell approach results in conclusions that are more difficult for the consumer to recall than are conclusions resulting from the soft-sell approach.D. When the beliefs of others are presented as definite and forceful claims, they are perceived to be as accurate as self-generated beliefs.E. Despite the advantages of implicit conclusions, the hard-sell approach involves fewer risks for the advertiser than does the soft-sell approach.。

国家开放大学《人文英语3》章节测试参考答案Unit 1 Parenting Children会话演练听张华和Mary谈论家庭成员。

Zhang Hua pays a visit to Mary's home, and gets to know her family.Zhang Hua: How many people are there in your family?Mary: There are（four）, my husband, my daughter, my son and me.Zhang Hua: Do you have much experience with kids?Mary: Yes, I do. I have（two）kids. To tell you the truth, sometimes I regret having a baby so early.Zhang Hua: I understand. I've been in your（position）before. At that time my wife took care of our children（alone）, and I（seldom）stayed at home due to being very busy with work.Mary: What about your mother? Did she help you?Zhang Hua: Yes, she did a little. But you see, you can't depend on your mother to be a full-time babysitter .Mary:（Sometime）I wish I could look after my children full time .Zhang Hua: Don't worry. Soon your children will be old enough to attend kindergarten . Then you can find a job and work. Besides, it's a great feeling to watch your kids growing up, right?Mary: Yeah, indeed.Zhang Hua: By the way, how long have you been married?Mary: About four years now, and you?Zhang Hua: I've been married for about（five）years. How do you feel about marriage life?Mary: Not bad. I think it was a good（choice）to marry Tom.边学边练理解细节，判断准确信息，Mary的有利条件是什么A.Now she has a new job and works hard.B.She has two children.C.Her mother did a lot to help her take care of the children.D.She is satisfied with her four-year marriage.E.She loves her kids, but she regrets having babies so early.F.She takes care of her children all the time.G.She has less experience with kids.会话演练听汤姆和妻子玛丽讨论如何教给孩子正确的行为方式。

beneficial to 阅读理解记叙文：I remember a time when I was in a very low point in my life. I had just lost my job, and my relationship was on the rocks. I felt like the whole world was against me. One day, while walking in the park, I saw an old man feeding the pigeons. He had a warm smile on his face, and the pigeons seemed to trust him completely. I sat down on a bench nearby and watched him for a while.He noticed me and came over. We started talking, and he told me about his life. He had faced many hardships too, but he always found something good in every situation. He said that every setback was an opportunity to learn and grow. His words were like a ray of sunshine in my dark world.After that conversation, I started to change my perspective. I began to look for the positive in every negative situation. I applied for new jobs with a more positive attitude, and I worked on my relationship problems with more understanding. Eventually, I found a better job, and my relationship improved. That encounter with the old man was truly beneficial to me.阅读理解问题：1. What was the author's situation at the beginning of the story? (Detail)Answer: The author had just lost his job and his relationship was in trouble.2. What did the old man do when the author saw him? (Detail)Answer: The old man was feeding the pigeons.3. What was the main idea that the old man shared with the author? (Main idea)Answer: That every setback was an opportunity to learn and grow.4. How did the author's life change after talking to the old man? (Detail)Answer: The author started to look for the positive in negative situations, applied for new jobs with a positive attitude, and worked on relationship problems with more understanding, and finally found a better job and improved his relationship.5. What can you infer about the author's feelings towards the old man? (Emotional attitude)Answer: The author was probably very grateful to the old man because his words changed the author's life for the better.体裁特点 and 写作风格分析：体裁特点: This is a typical short story type of narrative. It has a clear plot which includes a problem (the author's low point in life), an encounter (meeting the old man), and a resolution (the author's life getting better). It also has characters, the author and the old man, with the old man playing a crucial role in the story's development.写作风格: It is written in a simple and straightforward style. For example, the sentences like "I had just lost my job, and my relationship wason the rocks" are very direct in stating the situation. This simplicity makes the story easy to understand and allows the reader to quickly engage with the author's experience.背景知识介绍：Author's possible intention: The author may have wanted to share a personal growth experience. Maybe he/she had really gone through such a difficult time and wanted to convey the idea that a positive influence from others can be extremely beneficial.Social/cultural background: In a society where people often face various pressures, such as job related stress and relationship issues, this story can resonate with many. It shows that even in tough times, there can be a way out with the right mindset.结构脉络梳理：Introduction: The author was in a low point in life (lost job and relationship problems).Development: Met an old man in the park who was feeding pigeons and had a conversation with him.Climax: The old man shared his positive view on setbacks.Resolution: The author changed his perspective and his life got better.思维导图：Root: Author's low pointBranch 1: Lost jobBranch 2: Relationship problemsBranch 3: Meeting old man in parkSub branch 1: Old man feeding pigeonsSub branch 2: ConversationSub sub branch: Old man's view on setbacksBranch 4: Author's changeSub branch 1: New perspectiveSub branch 2: Life improvement (new job, better relationship)语言要素分析：词汇精析“on the rocks” This is an idiom. In this context, it means in a difficult or troubled state. It has a negative connotation. For example, “Our relationship is on the rocks” is a vivid way to say the relationship is in trouble. A related phrase could be “in jeopardy”.“setback” It means a reversal or check in progress. It is a noun. In the story, it refers to the author's job loss and relationship problems. A synonym could be “hindrance” and an antonym could be “advancement”.句子剖析“I felt like the whole world was against me.” This is a complex sentence. The subject is “I”, the verb is “felt”, and “like the whole world was against me” is a prepositional phrase actin g as an object complement. Itvividly expresses the author's negative and desperate feelings at that time, setting the tone for the story's beginning.说明文：Exercise is highly beneficial to our physical and mental health. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, physically, exercise helps to strengthen our muscles and bones. For example, weight bearing exercises like running and lifting weights increase bone density, which is especially important as we age. It also improves our cardiovascular system. Regular aerobic exercise, such as cycling or swimming, makes our heart stronger and more efficient at pumping blood throughout the body.Mentally, exercise has a positive impact as well. It releases endorphins, which are known as the “feel good” hormones. T hese endorphins can reduce stress, anxiety, and even symptoms of depression. Moreover, exercise can improve our cognitive function. Studies have shown that people who exercise regularly have better memory, concentration, and problem solving skills.In addition, exercise can also have a social aspect that is beneficial. Participating in team sports or group exercise classes allows us to interact with others, which can enhance our social skills and provide a sense of community.阅读理解问题：1. What are the physical benefits of exercise mentioned in the text? (Detail)Answer: It helps strengthen muscles and bones, and improves the cardiovascular system.2. How does exercise benefit our mental health? (Detail)Answer: It releases endorphins to reduce stress, anxiety and depression symptoms, and improves cognitive function like memory, concentration and problem solving skills.3. What is the social benefit of exercise? (Detail)Answer: Participating in team sports or group exercise classes allows us to interact with others, enhancing social skills and providing a sense of community.4. What is the main idea of this passage? (Main idea)Answer: Exercise is beneficial to our physical and mental health and has a social aspect as well.5. According to the passage, which types of exercise can increase bone density? (Detail)Answer: Weight bearing exercises like running and lifting weights.体裁特点 and 写作风格分析：体裁特点: This is an expository text. It presents facts and information about the benefits of exercise in an organized way. It first states the general topic (exercise is beneficial), and then breaks it down into different aspects (physical, mental, and social).写作风格: The writing style is objective and scientific. For example, “Studies have shown that people who exercise regularly have better memory, concentration, and problem solving skills” uses scientific evidence to support the claim. This style makes the information more reliable and persuasive.背景知识介绍：Author's possible intention: The author may want to educate readers about the importance of exercise. In a society where sedentary lifestyles are becoming more common, this information can encourage people to be more active.Social/cultural background: With the increasing awareness of health in modern society, there is a growing need for information about how to maintain good health. This text fits well into this context.结构脉络梳理：Introduction: Exercise is highly beneficial to physical and mental health.Body:Physical benefits: Strengthen muscles and bones, improve cardiovascular system.Mental benefits: Release endorphins, improve cognitive function.Social benefits: Interaction in team sports or group classes.Conclusion: Implied that exercise has multiple benefits.思维导图：Root: Exercise is beneficialBranch 1: Physical benefitsSub branch 1: Strengthen muscles and bonesSub branch 2: Improve cardiovascular systemBranch 2: Mental benefitsSub branch 1: Release endorphinsSub branch 2: Improve cognitive functionBranch 3: Social benefitsSub branch 1: Interaction in team sportsSub branch 2: Sense of community语言要素分析：词汇精析“cardiovascular” This is an adjective related to the heart and blood vessels. It is a scientific term. For example, “cardiovascular system” is a specific term in the medical field. A related word could be “circulatory”.“endorphins” It is a noun referr ing to hormones in the body. It is a relatively specialized term. In the text, it is important to explain the role of endorphins in the context of exercise and mental health.句子剖析“Studies have shown that people who exercise regularly have better memory, concentration, and problem solving skills.” This is a complex sentence. “Studies have shown” is the main clause, and “that people who exercise regularly have better memory, concentration, and problem solving skills” is a subordinate clause. The relative clause “who exercise regularly” modifies “people”. This sentence uses scientific evidence to support the claim about the mental benefits of exercise.议论文：It is beneficial to encourage students to study abroad. In today's globalized world, international exposure is becoming more and more important. Firstly, studying abroad broadens students' horizons. They are exposed to different cultures, educational systems, and ways of thinking. For instance, a student from an Asian country studying in Europe will experience a completely different academic environment. They may encounter new teaching methods, such as seminar based learning, which can enhance their critical thinking skills.Secondly, it improves language proficiency. Living in a foreign country where the language is spoken natively forces students to immerse themselves in the language. They will have more opportunities to practice speaking, listening, reading, and writing. This is far more effective than just learning in a classroom at home.However, some may argue that studying abroad can be expensive and students may face cultural shock. While these are valid concerns, the long term benefits outweigh the short term difficulties. Scholarships andfinancial aids are available to help with the cost, and cultural shock can be overcome with proper preparation.In conclusion, encouraging students to study abroad is beneficial as it offers them a unique opportunity for personal and academic growth.阅读理解问题：1. What are the two main reasons given in the text for studying abroad being beneficial? (Detail)Answer: It broadens students' horizons and improves language proficiency.2. How does studying abroad broaden students' horizons? (Detail)Answer: Students are exposed to different cultures, educational systems, and ways of thinking, and may encounter new teaching methods like seminar based learning which can enhance critical thinking skills.3. What are the counter arguments mentioned in the text against studying abroad? (Detail)Answer: It can be expensive and students may face cultural shock.4. How does the author address the counter arguments? (Detail)Answer: The author mentions that scholarships and financial aids are available for the cost, and cultural shock can be overcome with proper preparation.5. What is the author's conclusion? (Main idea)Answer: Encouraging students to study abroad is beneficial as it offers them a unique opportunity for personal and academic growth.体裁特点 and 写作风格分析：体裁特点: This is an argumentative essay. It presents a clear thesis (studying abroad is beneficial), provides reasons to support it, addresses counter arguments, and then concludes.写作风格: The style is logical and persuasive. For example, when presenting the reasons for studying abroad, it gives specific examples like the experience of an Asian student in Europe. When dealing with counter arguments, it offers solutions. This style helps to convince the reader of the author's point of view.背景知识介绍：Author's possible intention: The author may be trying to promote the idea of studying abroad in an educational context. Maybe there is a need to encourage more students to gain international experience in the author's community or country.Social/cultural background: In a globalized world, international education has become more accessible and important. However, there are still concerns and barriers, and this essay tries to address both the benefits and the challenges.结构脉络梳理：Introduction: It is beneficial to encourage students to study abroad.Body:Reason 1: Broadens horizonsReason 2: Improves language proficiencyCounter arguments: Expensive and cultural shockResponses to counter arguments: Scholarships and preparationConclusion: Encouraging students to study abroad is beneficial for personal and academic growth.思维导图：Root: Studying abroad is beneficialBranch 1: ReasonsSub branch 1: Broaden horizonsSub branch 2: Improve language proficiencyBranch 2: Counter argumentsSub branch 1: ExpensiveSub branch 2: Cultural shockBranch 3: Responses to counter argumentsSub branch 1: ScholarshipsSub branch 2: PreparationBranch 4: Conclusion: Beneficial for growth语言要素分析：词汇精析“globalized” It is an adjective that des cribes the world becoming more connected in terms of economy, culture, etc. It has a positive connotation in this context as it emphasizes the importance of international exposure. A related word could be “internationalized”.“critical thinking” It is a noun phrase. It refers to the ability to analyze and evaluate information objectively. In the text, it is related to the new teaching methods students may encounter abroad.句子剖析“They are exposed to different cultures, educational systems, and ways of thinking.” This is a simple sentence. The subject is “They” (referring to students), and the verb is “are exposed to”. This sentence clearly states one of the main benefits of studying abroad in a concise way.小说（excerpt）：The forest was a place that was always beneficial to those who knew how to listen. Young Elara was one such person. She would often wander into the forest near her village. The trees seemed to whisper secrets to her. The rustling of the leaves was like a language she was slowly learning.One day, as she walked deeper into the forest, she came across a small clearing. In the middle of it was a strange, ancient looking stone. It was covered in moss and strange symbols. Elara felt a strange pull towards it. As she approached, she could feel a warmth emanating from it.She sat down beside the stone and closed her eyes. She could hear the forest around her more clearly. The birdsong seemed to be a part of a grand symphony, and the wind through the trees was like a gentle caress. The forest was sharing its magic with her.Suddenly, she opened her eyes. She knew that she had to tell the village elders about this stone. She believed that it could be something important, something that could be beneficial to the whole village.阅读理解问题：1. Why was the forest beneficial to Elara? (Detail)Answer: Because she could listen to the forest and it seemed to share its secrets with her, like the trees whispering and the sounds of the forest being like a language she was learning.2. What did Elara find in the clearing? (Detail)Answer: She found a strange, ancient looking stone covered in moss and strange symbols.3. How did Elara feel when she approached the stone? (Detail)Answer: She felt a strange pull towards it and could feel a warmth emanating from it.4. What did Elara decide to do after her experience with the stone? (Detail)Answer: She decided to tell the village elders about the stone because she believed it could be beneficial to the whole village.5. What can you infer about Elara's character from this excerpt? (Character analysis)Answer: She is a curious and perceptive person. She is curious because she wanders into the forest and is drawn to the strange stone. She is perceptive because she can sense the forest's secrets and feels that the stone could be important.体裁特点 and 写作风格分析：体裁特点: This is an excerpt from a novel. It has elements of fantasy as it involves a forest that seems to have a sentient quality and a mysterious stone. It also has a character, Elara, whose actions and experiences drive the story forward.写作风格: The writing style is somewhat mystical and descriptive. For example, “The trees seemed to whisper secrets to her. The rustling of the leave s was like a language she was slowly learning” creates a sense of mystery and magic. This style draws the reader into the world of the story.背景知识介绍：Author's possible intention: The author may be creating a fictional world full of mystery and magic to engage the reader's imagination. Maybe the story will develop further to explore the significance of the stone and the relationship between the forest and the village.Social/cultural background: In many cultures, forests have been seen as places of mystery and power. This could be related to the idea in the story that the forest has secrets to share.结构脉络梳理：Introduction: Elara is a person who finds the forest beneficial as she can listen to it.Development: She discovers a strange stone in a clearing.Climax: She feels a pull towards the stone and senses its importance.Resolution: She decides to tell the village elders about the stone.思维导图：Root: Elara and the beneficial forest。

考研英语-575(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Cigarettes can seriously damage your countryside. Fanned by 112km/h Santa Ana winds, fire swept across 4,250 hectares near the **munity of Alpine, California. More than 650 peoplewere (1) immediately from their homes. As 800firefighters (2) to control the conflagration (a large, destructive fire 大火), (3) of smoke (4) over 9,000m and sent clouds of (5) drifting across San Diego, nearly 50km away.A (6) of air tankers (a cargo plane carrying water or fuel 运送水或燃料的飞机) and helicopters (7) water and fire-retarding (8) over the area. Firefighters believe the (9) was started by a (10) discarded cigarette.California, (11) raining at this time of year, had only 1mm of precipitation (rain; a quantity of rain in a specific area at a specific time) in December, making (12) thestate's (13) winter month in 70 years. In the1970's (14) homes and ranches in the mountains near Alpine were (15) by wildfire. After that (16) resident Mary Titus wrote herself (17) about what to do, should anotherfire (18) force her to flee. "I had a list of (19) I could take if I had five minutes and a list of what I could take if I had 30 minutes." She said, "I had 30 minutes, I was (20) \1.SSS_SINGLE_SELA splashedB droppedC fellD dripped2.SSS_SINGLE_SELA ashB assD ah3.SSS_SINGLE_SELA formallyB normallyC morallyD formerly4.SSS_SINGLE_SELA singleB uniqueC rareD only5.SSS_SINGLE_SELA itB thatC whichD what6.SSS_SINGLE_SELA destroyingB destroyedC destructedD destructing7.SSS_SINGLE_SELA armadaC fleetD group8.SSS_SINGLE_SELA whatB thatC whichD it9.SSS_SINGLE_SELA struckB foughtC struggledD trial10.SSS_SINGLE_SELA luckB unluckyC luckyD unfortunate11.SSS_SINGLE_SELA stillB everC neverD yet12.SSS_SINGLE_SELA evacuatedB slipC runD rush13.SSS_SINGLE_SELA remindersB notesC diariesD warning14.SSS_SINGLE_SELA sparkB flashC blazeD glow15.SSS_SINGLE_SELA wetB dryC drierD driest16.SSS_SINGLE_SELA chemicalsB substanceC chemistryD element17.SSS_SINGLE_SELA roseB riseC raiseD raised18.SSS_SINGLE_SELA setsB columnsC rowsD arrays19.SSS_SINGLE_SELA mainB largeC majorD principal20.SSS_SINGLE_SELA experimentB trialC experienceD eventSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Education is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, we do not educate children only for the aim of educating them. Ourpurpose is to fit them for life. Life is varied; so is education. As soon as we realize the fact, we will understand that it is very important to choose a proper system of education.In some countries with advanced industries, they have free education for all. Under this system, people, no matter whether they are rich or poor, clever or foolish, have a chance to be educated at universities or colleges. They have for some time thought, by free education for all, they can solve all the problems of a society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough. We find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill. As a result of their degrees, they refuse to do what theythink is "low" work. In fact, to work with one's hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries.But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is as important as that of a professor. We can live without education, but we should die if none of us grow crops. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases in our towns. If there were no service people, because everyone was ashamed to do such work, the professors would have to waste much of their time doing housework.On the other hand, if all the farmers **pletely uneducated, their production would remain low. As the population grows larger and larger in the modern world, we would die if we did not have enough food.In fact, when we say all of us must be educated to fit ourselves for life, it means that all must be educated: firstly, to realize that everyone can do whatever job is suited to his brain and ability; secondly, to understand that all jobs are necessary to society and that it is had to be ashamed of one' s own work or to look down upon someone else's; thirdly, to master all the necessary know-how to do one's job well. Only such education can be called valuable to society.1.The work of a completely uneducated farmer is as important as a professor because______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA without education all of us would live a more meaningless lifeB without farmers we would have to grow crops ourselvesC without farmers we should die of food shortageD without farmers we would have to do housework ourselves2.All of us must be educated to understand or realize that______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA the more people with university degrees we have, the better life we will haveB we couldn't live without educationC everyone should have a chance to be educated at universities or collegesD one should choose his job according to his ability3.Education should be various because______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA people are rich or poor, clever or foolishB free education for all doesn't workC life is variedD people have different professional backgrounds4.Our purpose of educating children is to______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA accustom them to varied lifeB choose a proper system of educationC educate them only for the aim of educating themD make them intelligent citizens5.Free education for all is not enough because______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA the system of free education fails to solve all the problems of a societyB the more education people receive, the fewer jobs there areC people with degrees consider themselves superior to those working with their handsD people with degrees refuse to do physical workText 2Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $ 26 a barrel, up from less than $ 10 lastDecember. This near tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock ,when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short tern.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-in-tensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices), rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in1973 .The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $ 22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by Only 0.25～0.5 % of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies--to which heavy industry has shifted--have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.One more reason, not to lose sleepover. The rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of **modity price inflation and global excess demand.A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist' s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.6.The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA heavy industry becomes more energy-intensiveB income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil pricesC manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezedD oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP7.From the text we can see that the writer seems______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA optimisticB sensitiveC gloomyD scared8.We can draw a conclusion from the text that______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA oil-price shocks are less shocking nowB inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocksC energy conservation can keep down the oil pricesD the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry9.It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA price of crude risesB commodity prices riseC consumption risesD oil taxes rise10.The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA global inflationB reduction in supplyC fast growth in economyD Iraq's suspension of exportsText 3In recent years, railroads have **bining with each other, merging into super systems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70% of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after aseries of mergers is completed, just four railroads will controlwell over 90% of all the freight moved by major rail carders.Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by**petition from trucks. But many **plain that for heavy **modities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one Rail Company/Railroads typically charge such "captive" shippers 20% to 30% more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against "captive" shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining **panies will flourish and which will fail." Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?" asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers.Many "captive" shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $ 10.2 billion hid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail' s net railway operating income in 1996 was just $ 427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many "captive" shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.11.According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA cost reduction is based on competitionB services call for cross-trade coordinationC **petitors will continue to existD shippers will have the railway by the throat12.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA shippers will be charged less without a rival railroadB there will soon be only one **pany nationwideC overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate reliefD a government board ensures fair play in railway business13.According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by ______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA the continuing acquisitionB the growing trafficC the cheering Wall StreetD the shrinking market14.The word" arbiters" (Line 6,Paragraph 4) most probably refers to those______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA who work as coordinatorsB who function as JudgesC who supervise transactionsD who determine the price15.What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry? ______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA IndifferentB SupportiveC IndignantD ApprehensiveText 4Can electricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsettling, to say the least, since **es into contact with such fields ,which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to **puters and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate or the worst kind of paranoia.Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the US Environmental Protection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence "suggests a casual link" between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields-- those having very long wave-lengths and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer. While the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify**mon 60-hertz magnetic field as "a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans."The report is no reason to panic or even to lost sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the White House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon: When an electric current passes through a wire, it generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects. For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarilybecause they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generated by a video terminal measures only a few milli gauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of the earth' s own magnetic field. The electric fields surrounding a powers line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1 millivolt per meter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. Such "Ionizing" radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulations tocontrol emissions.But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF fields can have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found.The Pentagon is far from persuaded. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having "biased the entire document" toward proving a link. "Our reviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that (electromagnetic fields) present in the environment induce or promote cancer," the Air Force concludes, "It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report." The Pentagon' s concern is understandable. There is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense built into every warship and plane.16.The main idea of this passage is______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA studies on the cause of cancerB controversial viewpoints in the cause of cancerC the relationship between electricity and cancerD different ideas about the effect of electricity on cancer17.It can be inferred from physical phenomenon ______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmfulB the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that the cells generateC electromagnetic field may affect healthD only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body18.Why did the Pentagon and White House object to the release of the report? Because______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA it may stir a great deal of debate among the Bush AdministrationB every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipmentC the Pentagon's concern was understandableD they had different arguments19.What do you think ordinary citizens may do faster reading the different arguments?______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA They are indifferentB They are worried very muchC C .They may exercise prudent avoidanceD They are shocked20.The viewpoint of the EPA is ______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA there is casual link between electricity and cancerB electricity really affects cancerC controversialD low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancerPart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41～45, choose the most suitable one from the list A～G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps .Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Laura, who was in first-year high, had gone to the same public school that her brothers now attended, but this year she was a pupil atGreen Valley Academy, a small country day school on the outskirts of the city.41.________________________.They knew Laura was smart, of course, but some of the other Baltimore private schools for girls were excellent and had lower tuitions, and even the public high schools were all right. Lots of nice kids, whose fathers had twice as big an income as Henry Wade, went to them.42.________________________.You either spoiled her or made her bitter. These arguments were cogent, Emily Wade admitted, but they simply didn't apply in Laura's case.43.________________________.Moreover, it was Emily's theory that children learned love as well as discipline by family example; if you did all you could for them, keeping their best interests in mind, they wouldn't let you down in a crisis.44.________________________.How true that had been, thought Emily, driving slowly because she had a quarter hour to spare and she might as well give Laura time to study. Her mind went back to that black moment, a month before, when she had met Henry for lunch in a restaurant and he had told her that he was out of a job.45.________________________.He was pretty sure he could get another and a better position; there was a firm that had been making overtures to him, and only a sense of loyalty to his old firm had made him ignore them up to this point. But the man he' d have to see was out of town and wouldn't be back until the first of the year. Then, too, he'd just had a letter from his brother in Ohio; it seemed that the whole family out there was shot to hell. His brother, who was a schoolteacher, was broke, his stomach ulcers were troubling him, one of his children had to have a serious operation, and his wife was about to have twins.A. It was a very good school and a very expensive one, and most of the Wades' friends thought they were being rather fancy in sending Laura there.B. Nothing was too good for that child.C. Besides, you weren't doing a girl a favor when you encouraged her to develop taste she couldn't afford to gratify.D. The branch sales office he had been managing had been absorbed by a larger firm, and its whole staff was out in the cold without so much as a month's salary to tide them over.E. And events had certainly proved her theory.F. They made her think of the ballerina dress, and of all thepure, proud, filmy beauty of the world that belonged, by tight, to Laura.G. Christmas has **mercialized out of its real meaning.1.SSS_FILL2.SSS_FILL3.SSS_FILL4.SSS_FILL5.SSS_FILLPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 10 points)Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age, one of these is too great an absorption in the past. (46)One should not live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One's thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy; one's own past is gradually increasingweight. It is easy to think to oneself that one' s emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and one' s mind more keen. If this is true it should be forgotten, and it is forgotten it will probably not be true.The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of finding strength in its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually in sensible. (47) I don' t mean that one should be without interest in them, but one's interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not too emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this less easy.(48)I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests leading. to suitable activities. It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and that the wisdom bore of experience can be used without becoming a burden. It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education. (49)But if you are one of those who are incapable of impersonal interests, you may find that your life will be empty unless you concern yourself with your children and grandchildren.In that case you must realize that while you can still help them in material ways, as by making them an allowance orknitting them jumpers, you must not expect that they will enjoy**pany.Some old people are troubled by the fear of death. In the young there is justification for this feeling. (50) Young men who have reason to fear they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows and has done whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is some-what ignoble.1.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI2.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI3.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI4.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI5.SSS_TEXT_QUSTISection Ⅲ WritingPart ADirections:The following is an incomplete letter of inquiry for a job, fill in the blanks to complete it so that it is equivalent to that givenin Chinese. (10 points)1.亲爱的先生：我在今天的《西安晚报》上看到贵公司招聘电气技术员的广告，有兴趣申请到贵公司工作。

Unit 9LearningPart ⅠTopic Talk学习目标话题语境主动学习与学习方法课时词汇approach, concentrate, solve, shame, educate, process, prefer常用短语be curious about, brush up (on)重点句式(1)as...as...和……一样(2)so...that...如此……以至于……单词巧练写准记牢Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词1．________vt. 建立；创办2．________adj. 直的；直接的3．________adj. 无知的；愚昧的4．________n. 羞耻，羞愧5．________n. 教育；培养6．________n. 过程；方法7．________n. 方法8．________n. 搭档，同伴9．________adj. 最喜爱的10．________adj. 流利的；流畅的11．________v. 集中；全神贯注12．________n. 比赛，竞赛Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式1．I won the first prize in the English speech ________ (竞赛) held in our school last year.2．The girl felt herself ________ (无知的) after making that mistake.3．Filled with ________ (羞愧), the boy lowered his head, ready for the punishment from his dad.4．As we all know, every boy and every girl has the right to receive ________ (教育) in our country.5．Almost every woman wants to be a good mother, but there are a lot of unexpected difficulties in the ________ (过程).6．At the meeting they discussed three different a________ to the study of mathematics.7．Let me give you some advice on how to have a healthy relationship with your p________．8．What is your f________ time of the year? Describe it and explain why you likeit.9．The one who can speak f________ English has an advantage over the one who can't.10．Before every interview, he c________ on preparing for it.►第一版块：重点单词1．approach (1)n.方法；途径；接近(2)vt.接近；vi.靠近(教材P50)What is your learning approach to it？你学习这门课程的方法是什么？[合作探究]体会approach的用法和意义Many birds fly south at the approach of winter.冬季来临之时，许多鸟飞向南方。

2024年教师资格（初级中学）-英语知识与教学能力（高中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) —Do you mind if I______the TV a bit?—Yes, I do, because Fm busy with my homework now.A. turn onB. turn upC. turndownD. turnoff2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) A Chinese student makes a sentence as follows： He is a rich man who like traveling. The error in that sentence is the result of______.A. negative transferB. positive transferC. overgeneralizationD. pragmatic failure3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The party’s reduced vote was______of lack of support for its policies.A. indicativeB. positiveC. revealingD. evident4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following assumptions about vocabulary learning contradicts the modem language teaching theories?A. The best way to learn words is to use them.B. The best way to learn vocabulary is via rote learning.C. An English dictionary is an important aid to students.D. Learning a word involves learning more than just the word itself.5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I will always remember my mother^ last few days in this worlD.On February 14th,2000, my class went on a field trip to the beach. I had so much fun. When we returned to school, my teacher told me to go t o the headmaster’s office. When I got into the office，I saw a police officer. Suddenly I realized something was wrong. The police officer told me what had happened and we went to pick my sister up. After that, we went to the hospital and waiteD. Time went slowly.Finally, we got to see our mother, it was terrible.On the next day, the headmaster came and told my two teachers what had happeneD. I was taking a rest that day. I knew it had something to do with my mother. I kept thinking that she either died or had got better. How I wished that she had got better. When my teacher took me outside, my sister ran up to me. She started crying, “She’s gone. Teresa mommy’s gone. She’s deaD. ”1 couldn’t believe it. We jumped into the car and drove straight to the hospi tal. Most of my family were there. The silence was terrible. I knew I had to say goodbye.Today when I look back, I still miss my mother very much, but I know that I will live. My mother was a strong mother，who had the biggest heart. My mother was an angel walking on the earth. I will always remember her as she is living. When someone is asked who their heroes are ,they usually say someone famous, like Michael Jordan or Britney Spears. When someone asks me who my hero is, I tell them, my mother. My mother lives every day. That is what makes her a true hero.What did the headmaster tell the two teachers on the next day?______.A. Her mother had been very ill.B. Her mother had been deaD.C. Her mother had gotten better.D. Her sister came to see her.6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The men who race the cars are generally small, with a tight, nervous look. They range from the early 20s to the middle 40s, and it is usually their nerves that go first.Fear is the driver’s constant companion, and tragedy can be just a step behinD. Scarcely a man in the 500 does not carry the scars of accident crashes. The mark of the plastic surgeon is everywhere, and burned skin is common. Sometimes a driver^ scars are invisible, part of his heritage. Two young drivers, Billy Vukovich and Gary Bettenhausen, raced in their first 500 in 1968. Less than 20 years before, their fathers also competed against one another on the Indy track-and died there.All this the drivers accept. Over the years, they have learned to trust their own techniques, reflexes, and courage. They depend, too, on a trusted servant-scientific engineering. Though they may not have had a great deal of schooling (an exception is New Zealand’s Bruce McLaren, who had an engineering degree), many drivers are gifted mechanics， with a feeling for their engines that amount to kinship.A few top drivers have become extremely wealthy, with six-figure incomes from prize money, endorsement, and jobs with auto-product manufacturers. Some have businesses of their own. McLaren designs racing chassis (底盘).Dan GumeyJs California factory manufactured the chassis of three of the first four cars in the 1968 Indy 500, including his own second place car. Yet money is not the only reason why men race cars. Perhaps it isn’t even the major reason. Three times Indy winner(1961, 1964, 1967).A. J. Foyt, for example, can frequently be found competing on dirty tracks in minor-league races, where money, crowds and safety features are limiteD. and only the danger is not. Why does he do it? Sometimes Foyt answers, “It’s in my blooD. ’’Other times he says, “It is good practice.” Now and then he replies, “Don’t ask dumb questions. ’’A. J. Foyt often takes part in minor-league races fo r______ .A. prize moneyB. blood testC. cheers from the crowdD. enjoyment7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)A teacher may encourage students to__________ when they come acrossnew words infast reading.A. take notesB. ask for helpC. guess meaning from contextD. look up the words in a dictionary8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) You II find this Travel Guide to be of great ( ) in helping you and your children to get around Malaysia.A. costB. priceC. valueD. expenditure9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher attempts to implement the top-down model to teachA. new word sifter playing the tapeB. new words before playing the tapeC. background information after playing the tapeD. background information before playing the tape10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means______with my progress.A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfied11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What stage can the following grammar activity be usedat?______.The teacher asks the students to arrange the words of the sentences into different columns marked subject, predicate, object, object complement, adverbial and so on.A. PresentationB. PracticeC. ProductionD. Preparation12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Operations which left patients______and in need of long periods of discovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.A. unhealthyB. exhaustedC. fearfulD. upset13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mr. King works in a shop and drives a car for the manager. He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger, and he has escaped from several accidents. The manager pays him more and the traffic policemen often speak highly of him.Mr. Baker, one of his friends, works in a factory outside the city. Ifs far from his house and he has to go to work by bus. As the traffic is crowded in the morning, sometimes he’s late for the work. His manager warns the young man that he will be sent away unless he gets to his office on time. He hopes to buy a car，but he hasn’t enough money. He decides to buy an old one. He went to the flea market and at last he chose a beautiful but cheap car. He said he wan— ted to have a trial drive, and the seller agreeD. He called Mr. King and asked him to give a hanD.Mr. King examined the car at first and then drove it away. It was five in the morning and there were few cars in the street. At first he drove slowly and it worked well. Then he drovefailed and nearly hit an old woman who was crossing the street. A policeman told him to stop, but the car went on until it hit a big tree by the roaD.“Didn’t you hear me?” the policeman asked angrily.“Yes，I did，sir，” said Mr. King，“ Since it doesn’t listen to me，can it obey you?”Mr. Baker went to the flea market to______.A. buy a second-hand carB. have a trial driveC. choose a new carD. sell his old car14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)What is the author′ s attitude towards America′ s policies on global warming?A. Critical.B. Indifferent.C. Supportive.D. Compromising.15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities helps to train the skill of listening for gist?A. After listening, the students are required to figure out the relationship between the characters.B. After listening, the students are required to sequence the sentences according to the story.C. After listening, the students are required to identify the characters appearing in the story.D. After listening, the students are required to decide upon the title for the text.16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Did you return Tom?s call?—I didn’t need to______, Fll see him tomorrow.A. thoughtB. unlessC. whenD. because17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) This skirt was made______your mother______her own measure.A. for; toC. to; toD. for; by18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)She is __________ , from her recording, the diaries of Simon Forman.A. transcribingB. keepingC. paraphrasingD. recollecting19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) There is no doubt______you will pass the exam this time. You have worked so hard in the past months.A. whetherB. thatC. ifD. what20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) 阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项（请选择唯一正确的答案）Passage OneThere are many wetlands in China and some of them have become the world’s important wetlands. The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are among them. They are in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. They are home for many different kinds of birds and animals. The worlds largest Milu Deer Nature Reserve is in them. More than 700 milu deer live freely there. There are not many red-crowned cranes in the world, but every winter you can see some in the Red-crowned Cranes Nature Reserve in the Yellow Sea Wetlands.The temperature in the wetlands is usually neither too high nor too low. There is a lot of rain and sunshine, too. They are really good places for wildlife. Offering food and home for some special kinds of animals and birds is not the only reason why we need to protect wet-lands. Wetlands are important because they can also prevent floods. But some people want to change the wetlands to make more space for farms and buildings. This means there will be less and less space for wildlife.Luckily, more and more people are beginning to realize the importance Of wetlands and wildlife. Every year, on February 2, many activities are held to tell people more about wet-lands.The World Wetlands Day is on. ______ .B. June 25C. February 2D. March 2221.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The committee __________ a conclusion only after days of discussion.A. releasedB. achievedC. reachedD. accomplished22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage OneMove over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade, they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.The reason behind the steady rise in life expectancy is “the decline in the death rate of the elderly”, says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcas tle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in →this process ←to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the real ities of the ageing process. “There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyonD. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modem medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pres- sure and heart disease. “We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations, we are less damaged," says Professor KirkwooD. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.Nearly one-in-five people currency in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK——from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more."This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality,” the researchers saiD.We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. “There has been no flattening out of the best the groups which everyone knows have good life expectancy and→ low mortality←. ”he says.These groups, which tend to be in the higher social and economic groups in society, can live for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for, but environment is still the most important factor.It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the worlD. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. “I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow,” says Tom, “but we just don’t know.”The underlined phrase “low mortality” in Paragraph 8 could best be replaced by “→←".A. short life spanB. low death rateC. low illness rateD. good health condition23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) For grammar teaching, if the rule is given first and explained and the student then has to apply the rule to given situation, the method is definedas______methoD.A. deductiveB. inductiveC. Grammar-translationD. audio-translation24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The most suitable question type to check students′ comprehension and developtheir critical thinking is __________.A. rhetorical questionsB. referential questionsC. close questionsD. display questions25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is NOT the advantage of group work?A. creating some peaceful and quiet time in classB. encouraging cooperation and negotiation skills among studentsC. encouraging different opinions and contributions to the workD. promoting students5 autonomy rather than follow the teachers26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)--Would you like some noodles, Celia?--Yes, just___________, please.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Modem scientists divide the process of dying into two stages-clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have ceased to function, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be reviveD. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the disintegration of vital cells and tissues. Death is then irreversible and final.Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can be revived before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic sleep. By slowing down the body^ metabolism, cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called KetA. The scientists put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from its body. The monkey’s blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped; clinical death set in.this point the scientists pumped blood into its body in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes the monkey’s heart became active once more. Aft er fifteen minutes, spontaneous breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her heaD. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection. Keta seized the syringe and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.One characteristic of clinical death is______.A. lasting damage to the lungsB. destruction of the tissuesC. temporary non-functioning of the heartD. that the organism cannot be revived28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities actually does not involve writing?→ ←.A. Completion according to outlines.B. Completion with multiple choices.C. Completion according to topic sentences.D. Completion with detailed examples related to the topiC.29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) English teachers often ask students to ______ a passage to get the gist of it.A. skimB. scanC. predictD. describe30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Must I finish the work today, Mom?__No, you_____. You can finish it tomorrow.A. mustn’tB. can’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) ______ she heard her grandfather was bom in Germany.A. That was from her mumB. It was her mum thatC. It was from her mum thatD. It was her mum whom32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When we analyze the salt salinity (盐浓度)of ocean waters, we find that it varies only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation. In thisextreme, of course, white salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtaineD.The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreaseD. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation.Normally, in hot regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behinD. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeareD. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.In the Weddell Sea, the densest water in the ocean is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portion of the oceans of the worlD.It can be known from the passage that increase in the salinity of ocean water is caused by______.A. melting of sea iceB. precipitationC. evaporationD. supplement of salt33.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mr. King works in a shop and drives a car for the manager. He drives carefully and can keep calm in time of danger, and he has escaped from several accidents. The manager pays him more and the traffic policemen often speak highly of him.Mr. Baker, one of his friends, works in a factory outside the city. Ifs far from his house and he has to go to work by bus. As the traffic is crowded in the morning, sometimes he’s late for the work. His manager warns the young man that he will be sent away unless he gets to his office on time. He hopes to buy a car，but he hasn’t enough money. He decides to buy an old one. He went to the flea market and at last he chose a beautiful but cheap car. He said he wan— ted to have a trial drive, and the seller agreeD. He called Mr. King and asked him to give a hanD.Mr. King examined the car at first and then drove it away. It was five in the morning and there were few cars in the street. At first he drove slowly and it worked well. Then he drovefailed and nearly hit an old woman who was crossing the street. A policeman told him to stop, but the car went on until it hit a big tree by the roaD.“Didn’t you hear me?” the policeman asked angrily.“Yes，I did，sir，” said Mr. King，“ Since it doesn’t listen to me，can it obey you?”What is a flea market?______.A. A market where fleas are solD.B. A market where cars are solD.C. A market where used and cheap goods are soldD. A supermarket.34.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) To their credit the Department of Energy______these ideas and funded a detailed study.A. took toB. took onC. took overD. took up35.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The phoneme/n/in the first word of all the following phrases changes to/m/except______.A. moon shineB. moon beamC. common propertyD. common wealth36.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows__________.A. generally distorted valuesB. unfair wealth distributionC. a marginalized lifestyleD. a rigid moral code37.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following can be regarded as a communicative language task? ______ .A. Information-gap activityC. Sentence transformationD. Blank-filling38.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage OneMove over Methuselah. Future generations could be living well into their second century and still doing Sudoku, if life expectancy predictions are true. Increasing by two years every decade, they show no signs of flattening out. Average lifespan worldwide is already double what it was 200 years ago. Since the 1980s, experts thought the increase in life expectancy would slow down and then stop, but forecasters have repeatedly been proved wrong.The reason behind the stead y rise in life expectancy is “the decline in the death rate of the elderly”, says Professor Tom Kirkwood from Newcastle University. He maintains that our bodies are evolving to maintain and repair themselves better and our genes are investing in →this process ←to put off the damage which will eventually lead to death. As a result, there is no ceiling imposed by the realities of the ageing process. “There is no use-by-date when we age. Ageing is not a fixed biological process," Tom says.A large study of people aged 85 and over carried out by Professor Kirkwood discovered that there were a remarkable number of people enjoying good health and independence in their late 80s and beyonD. With people reaching old age in better shape, it is safe to assume that this is all due to better eating habits, living conditions, education and medicine.There are still many people who suffer from major health problems, but modem medicine means doctors are better at managing long-term health conditions like diabetes, high blood pres- sure and heart disease. “We are reaching old age with less accumulative damage than previous generations, we are less damaged," says Professor KirkwooD. Our softer lives and the improvements in nutrition and healthcare have had a direct impact on longevity.Nearly one-in-five people currency in the UK will live to see their 100th birthday, the Office for National Statistics predicted last year. Life expectancy at birth has continued to increase in the UK——from 73.4 years for the period 1991 to 1993 to 77.85 years for 2007 to 2009. A report in Science from 2002 which looked at life expectancy patterns in different countries since 1840 concluded that there was no sign of a natural limit to life.Researchers Jim Oeppen and Dr. James Vaupel found that people in the country with the highest life expectancy would live to an average age of 100 in about six decades. But they stopped short of predicting anything more."This is far from eternity: modest annual increments in life expectancy will never lead to immortality,” the researchers saiD.We do not seem to be approaching anything like the limits of life expectancy, says Professor David Leon from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. “There has been no flattening out of the best the group s which everyone knows have good life expectancy and→ low mortality←. ”he says.for several years longer than people in lower social groups, prompting calls for an end to inequalities within societies.Within populations, genes also have an important role to play in determining how long we could survive for, but environment is still the most important factor.It is no surprise that healthy-living societies like Japan have the highest life expectancies in the worlD. But it would still be incredible to think that life expectancy could go on rising forever. “I would bet there will be further increases in life expectancy and then it will probably begin to slow,” says Tom, “but we just don’t know.”Which statement below is TRUE concerning life expectancy according to thepassage?→←.A. Life expectancy goes on rising forever.B. There could be further increases in life expectancy.C. Life expectancy has slowed down since 1980s and it will stop.D. Life expectancy in Japan doubles what it was 200 years ago.39.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)The message came to the villagers __________ the enemy had already fledthe village.A. whichB. whoC. thatD. where40.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)Which of the letter "u"in the following words has a different pronunciation from others?A. abuseB. useC. excuseD. lure41.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分)Based on the experiment, which of the following may signal that the subjectis nearing the solution?A. The subject is begging to work.B. The subject looks away at something else.C. The subject is distracted from the given words.D. The subject concentrates on the given words all the time.42.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) New curriculum promotes the three-dimensional teaching objective which includes_______.A. knowledge, skills and method sB. emotional attitude and valuesC. knowledge, skills and emotionD. knowledge and skills； process and methods； emotional attitude and values43.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following nominating patterns can a teacher adopt to ensure that all students are actively involved in classroom activities?→ ←.A. Nominating those who are good at English.B. Asking questions in a predicable sequence.C. Nominating students after the question is given.D. Nominating students before giving the question.44.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Electronic books could revolutionize reading, but people ought to consider their far-reaching. “The e-book promises to wreak a slow havoc on life as we know it,” Jason Ohler, professor of technology assessment, University of Alaska Southeast in Juneau, warned the World Future Society, Bethesda, MD. His assessment weighed the pros and cons of e-book technology’s impact on social rela tionships, the environment, the economy，etC. Before you curl up with an e-book, consider the disadvantages.They increase eyestrain due to poor screen resolution, replace a relatively cheap commodity with a more expensive one, and displace workers in print book production and traditional publishing. E-books make it easy to share data, thereby threatening copyright agreements and reducing compensation of authors, as well as creating no biodegradable trash. On the other hand, e-books save paper and trees, reduce the burden of the carrying and storing of printed books, promote self- sufficiency in learning, and make reading a collaborative experience online. They also create new jobs for writers and artists and encourageself-publishing. In final analysis, Ohler points out, e-books should gain society’s approval if a few conditions are met: make them biodegradable and recyclable，solve the problem of eye fatigue，be sure the “have-nots” get the technology，and support e-book training in schools and business.What is e-books negative impact on social relationships?______.A. They create new jobs only for writers.B. Fewer and fewer people have access to new technology.C. They may threaten some traditional trades.。