当前位置：文档之家 › Distorted Alarms： The Epidemic Narrative and the Media Story The 2009-10 Swine Flu in th

Distorted Alarms： The Epidemic Narrative and the Media Story The 2009-10 Swine Flu in th

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Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌｉｓｍ　ａｎｄ　Ｍａｓｓ　Ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ，ＩＳＳＮ　２　１６０－６５７９　Ｍａｒｃｈ　２０１４，Ｖｏ１．４，Ｎｏ．３，１９７—２０８　誊ＬＩ暑ＨｌＮ　

Ｄｉｓｔｏｒｔｅｄ　Ａｌａｒｍｓ：Ｔｈｅ　Ｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｃ　Ｎａｒｒａｔｉｖｅ　ａｎｄ　ｔｈｅ　Ｍｅｄｉａ　

Ｓｔｏｒｙ　Ｔｈｅ　２００９－－１　０　Ｓｗｉｎｅ　Ｆｌｕ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　Ｐｏｒｔｕｇｕｅｓｅ　Ｎｅｗｓ　

Ｇｏｎｑａｌｏ　Ｐｅｒｅｉｒａ　Ｒｏｓａ　

Ｐｏｒｔｕｇｕｅｓｅ　Ｃａｔｈｏｌｉｃ　Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｌｉｓｂｏｎ，Ｐｏｒｔｕｇａｌ　

Ｉｎ　Ａｐｒｉｌ　２００９，ａ　ｎｅｗ　ｓｔｒａｉｎ　ｏｆ　ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｚａ　ｓｕｂｔｙｐｅ　Ｈ　１Ｎ　１　ｅｍｅｒｇｅｄ　ｄｕｅ　ｔｏ　ｔｈｅ　ｒｅａｒｒａｎｇｅｍｅｎｔ　ｏｆ　ｔｗｏ　ＲＮＡ　ｓｅｇｍｅｎｔｓ．　

Ｔｈｅ　ｓｔｒａｉｎ　ｉｎｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅｄ　ｔｗｏ　ｓｅｇｍｅｎｔｓ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｇｅｎｏｍｅ　ｏｆ　ｐｏｒｃｉｎｅ　ｏｒｉｇｉｎ　ａｎｄ　ｗａｓ　ｏｆｆｉｃｉａｌｌｙ　ｄｅｓｉｇｎａｔｅｄ　ａｓ　

Ａ／Ｃａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉａ／４／２００９／Ｈ　１Ｎ　１．Ｉｎ　Ｊｕｎｅ　２００９，ａｌａｒｍｅｄ　ｂｙ　ｔｈｅ　ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ’ｓ　ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓ，ｔｈｅ　Ｗｏｒｌｄ　Ｈｅａｌｔｈ　Ｏｒｇａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎ　

（ＷＨＯ）ｄｅｃｌａｒｅｄ　ｔｈｅ“ｌｅｖｅｌ　ｓｉｘ”ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌ　ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ　ｓｃａｌｅ　ｆｏｒ　ｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｃｓ　ａｎｄ　ｋｅｐｔ　ｉｔ　ａｔ　ｔｈａｔ　ｌｅｖｅｌ　ｕｎｔｉｌ　

Ａｕｇｕｓｔ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇ　ｙｅａｒ．Ｔｈｅ　Ｐｏｒｔｕｇｕｅｓｅ　ｍｅｄｉａ　ａｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄ　ｔｈｅ　ｐｕｂｌｉｃ　ｈｅａｌｔｈ　ａｌａｒｍ　ａｎｄ　ｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄ　ｉｔ　ｉｎｔｏ　ｉｔｓ　

ａｇｅｎｄａ，ｂｕｔ　ｔｈｅ　ｖｏｌｕｍｅ　ａｎｄ　ｓｅｖｅｒｉｔｙ　ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｏｒｓ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｎｅｗｓ　ｃｏｖｅｒａｇｅ　ｄｉｄ　ｎｏｔ　ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄ　ｔｏ　ｔｈｅ　ｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ　

ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｏｒｓ　ｏｆ　ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ．Ｔｈｉｓ　ｐａｐｅｒ　ｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｓ　ｈｏｗ　ｔｗｏ　ｎａｒｒａｔｉｖｅｓ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ　ｒｈｙｔｈｍｓ　ｆｏｒ　ｔｈｅ　ｓｗｉｎｅ　ｆｌｕ　

ｐａｎｄｅｍｉｃ　ｄｅｆａｃｔｏ　ｅｍｅｒｇｅｄ．　

Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ．＂ｒｉｓｋ　ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ，ｅｘｐｅｒｔｉｓｅ，ｎｅｗｓ　ｍａｋｉｎｇ，ｎｅｗｓ－ｖａｌｕｅｓ，ｈｅａｌｔｈ　ｒｉｓｋｓ　

Ｏｎ　Ａｐｒｉｌ　２４，２００９，ａｆｔｅｒ　ｒｅｃｅｉｖｉｎｇ　ｔｈｅ　ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ　ｏｆ　ｔｅｓｔｓ　ｐｅｒｆｏｒｍｅｄ　ｂｙ　ａ　Ｃａｎａｄｉａｎ　ｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙ，ｔｈｅ　ＷＨＯ　

ａｎｎｏｕｎｃｅｄ　ｔｈｅ　ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ　ｏｆｅｉｇｈｔ　ｓｕｓｐｅｃｔｅｄ　ｃａｓｅｓ　ｏｆａ　ｎｅｗ　ｆｌｕ　ｓｔｒａｉｎ　ｉｎ　Ｍｅｘｉｃｏ　ａｎｄ　ｓｅｖｅｎ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ　Ｓｔａｔｅｓ．　

Ｓｉｎｃｅ　Ｍａｒｃｈ　ｔｈｅ　Ｎｏｒｔｈ　Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ　ｍｅｄｉａ　ｄｉｖｕｌｇｅｄ　ｆｒｉｇｈｔｅｎｉｎｇ　ｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　ａ　ｌｕｎｇ　ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ　ｉｎ　

Ｍｅｘｉｃｏ．ｗｉｔｈ　ｕｎｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄ　ｃａｕｓｅｓ　ａｎｄ　ｓｉｍｉｌａｒ　ｉｎｉｔｉａｌ　ｓｙｍｐｔｏｍｓ　ｔｏ　ｔｈｏｓｅ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｓｅａｓｏｎａｌ　ｆｌｕ．　

Ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈ　ｉｔ　ｉｓ　ｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔ　ｔｏ　ｔｒａｃｅ　ｔｈｅ　ｏｕｔｂｒｅａｋ　ｔｏ　ｔｈｅ　ｓｏｕｒｃｅ，ｉｔ　ｈａｓ　ｂｅｅｎ　ａｒｇｕｅｄ（Ｃｅｒｖａｎｔｅｓ　ｅｔ　ａ１．，２００９）ｔｈａｔ　

ｔｈｅ　ｅｍｅｒｇｅｎｃｅ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｒｅｅ　ｄｏｚｅｎ　ｃａｓｅｓ　ｏｆ　ｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙ　ｄｉｓｅａｓｅｓ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｖｉｌｌａｇｅ　ｏｆ　Ｌａ　Ｇｌｏｒｉａ，ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｓｏｕｔｈ—ｅａｓｔｅｒｎ　

Ｍｅｘｉｃａｎ　ｓｔａｔｅ　ｏｆ　Ｖｅｒａｃｒｕｚ　ａｎｄ　ｎｅａｒ　ｐｉｇ　ｆａｃｉｌｉｔｉｅｓ．ｉｓ　ｔｈｅ　ｍｏｓｔ　ｐｒｏｂａｂｌｅ　ｓｏｕｒｃｅ　ｆｏｒ　ｔｈｅ　ｓｏ—ｃａｌｌｅｄ“ｐａｔｉｅｎｔ—ｚｅｒｏ”．　

Ｔｈｅ　ｒａｐｉｄ　ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　Ｍｅｘｉｃａｎ　ｔｅｒｒｉｔｏｒｙ　ａｎｄ　ｔｈｅ　ｌａｃｋ　ｏｆ　ｂａｓｉｃ　ｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ　ｏｆ　ｍｏｒｂｉｄｉｔｙ　

ａｎｄ　ｍｏｒｔａｌｉｔｙ　ｒａｔｅｓ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｖｉｒｕｓ．ａｓ　ｗｅｌｌ　ａｓ　ｔｈｅ　ｒｉｓｋ　ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｉｓ　ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒ　ｓｔｒａｉｎ，ｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄ　ｔｏ　ｔｈｅ　ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ　

ａｌａｒｍ　ｗｉｔｈｉｎ　ＷＨＯ．Ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈ　ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｚａ　ｐａｎｄｅｍｉｃｓ　ｗｅｒｅ　ｎｏｔ　ｕｎｐｒｅｃｅｄｅｎｔｅｄ－－ｔｈｅｒｅ　ｗｅｒｅ　ａｔ　ｌｅａｓｔ　ｆｏｕｒ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｌａｓｔ　

１　２０　ｙｅａｒｓ（ｉｎ　ｌ　８８９，ｌ　９　ｌ　８．１　９，１　９５７，ａｎｄ　１　９６８，ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ　ｔｏ　Ｎｅｒｌｉｃｈ　ｅｔ　ａ１．，２００７），ｔｈｅ　ｓｐｅｅｄ　ｏｆ　ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ　ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ　

ｈｕｍａｎ　ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ　ｗａｓ　ｎｏｗ　ａ　ｎｅｗ　ｆａｃｔｏｒ　ｆｏｒ　ｓｐｒｅａｄｉｎｇ　ｔｈｅ　ｃｏｎｔａｇｉｏｎ．Ａｓ　Ｕｎｇａｒ（２００８）ｐｏｉｎｔｅｄ　ｏｕｔ　ａｂｏｕｔ　ｔｈｅ　

ｏｕｔｂｒｅａｋ　ｏｆ　Ｅｂｏｌａ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　Ｄｅｍｏｃｒａｔｉｃ　Ｒｅｐｕｂｌｉｃ　ｏｆ　Ｃｏｎｇｏ．ｔｈｏｕｇｈ　ｎｅｗ　ｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｃｓ　ｃａｎ　ｅｒｕｐｔ　ｉｎ　ｒｅｍｏｔｅ　

ｄｅｓｔｉｎａｔｉｏｎｓ，ｔｈｅｙ　ａｒｅ　ｎｏｗ　ｅａｓｉｌｙ　ｓｐｒｅａｄａｂｌｅ　ｖｉａ　ａ　ｐｌａｎｅ　ｔｒｉｐ．　

Ａｎａｌｙｚｉｎｇ　ｔｈｅ　ｍｅｄｉａ　ｃｏｖｅｒａｇｅ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｓｗｉｎｅ　ｆｌｕ　ｐａｎｄｅｍｉｃ　ｉｎ　Ｂｒｉｔａｉｎ，Ｈａｒｄｉｎｇ（２００９）ｃｏｎｃｌｕｄｅｄ　ｔｈａｔ　ｔｈｅｒｅ　

ｗｅｒｅ　ｓｅｖｅｒａＩ　ｉｇｎｉｔｅｒ　ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ　ｌｉｋｅｌｙ　ｔｏ　ａｌａｒｍ　ｔｈｅ　Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ　ｍｅｄｉａ　ｔｏ　ｔｈｅ　ｓｅｖｅｒｉｔｙ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｉｓ　ｈｅａｌｔｈ　ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ．Ｔｈｅ　

ａｃｃｏｕｎｔ　ｏｆ　ｄｅａｔｈｓ　ａｌｌｅｇｅｄｌｙ　ｃａｕｓｅｄ　ｂｙ　ｔｈｅ　ｓｔｒａｉｎ　ｉｎ　Ｍｅｘｉｃｏ　ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ　Ｍａｒｃｈ　ａｎｄ　Ａｐｒｉｌ　２００９　ｗａｓ　ｃｅｒｔａｉｎｌｙ　ｏｎｅ　ｏｆ　

ｔｈｏｓｅ　ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ．Ｅａｒｌｙ　ｒｅｐｏｒｔｓ　ｒｅｖｅａｌｅｄ　ｍｏｒｅ　ｔｈａｎ　ｓｉｘ　ｄｏｚｅｎ　ｄｅａｔｈｓ，ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈ　Ｍｅｘｉｃａｎ　ｌａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｉｅｓ　ｈａｄ　ｎｏ　

ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ　ｔｏ　ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ　ｔｒａｃｋ　ｔｈｅ　ｄｅａｔｈｓ　ｃａｕｓｅｄ　ｂｙ　ｔｈｅ　ｖｉｒｕｓ．　

Ｇｏｎｑａｌｏ　Ｐｅｒｅｉｒａ　Ｒｏｓａ，ｄｏｃｔｏｒａｔｅ　ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒ，Ｃｅｎｔｒｅ　ｆｏｒ　Ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ　ｏｆ　Ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ　ａｎｄ　Ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ，Ｐｏｒｔｕｇｕｅｓｅ　Ｃａｔｈｏｌｉｃ　Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ

　１９８　ＴＨＥ　２００９一ｌ　０　ＳＷＩＮＥ　ＦＬＵ　ＩＮ　ＴＨＥ　Ｐ０ＲＴＵＧＵＥＳＥ　ＮＥＷＳ　

Ｔｈｅ　ｄｅｇｒｅｅ　ｏｆ　ａｌａｒｍ　ａｍｏｎｇ　ＷＨＯ　ａｎｄ　ｏｔｈｅｒ　ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ　ｈｅａｌｔｈ　ａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｉｅｓ　ｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｂｌｅ　ｆｏｒ　ｉｓｓｕｉｎｇ　ｄａｉｌｙ　

ｂｕｌｌｅｔｉｎｓ　ｏｎ　ｕｐｄａｔｅｄ　ｃｏｎｔａｇｉｏｎｓ　ｗａｓ　ａ　ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ　ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｏｒ　ｏｆ　ｓｅｖｅｒｉｔｙ，ａｓ　ｔｈｅｙ　ｃｌｅａｒｌｙ　ｃｏｎｖｅｙｅｄ　ａ　ｓｅｎｓｅ　ｏｆ　

ｕｒｇｅｎｃｙ　ｔｏ　ｔｈｅ　ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ．　

Ｔｈｅ　ｐｒｏｆｉｌｅ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　Ｈ　１Ｎ　１　ｖｉｒｕｓ　ｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｄ　ｉｎ　ｙｏｕｎｇｅｒ　ｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓ，ｃｏｎｔｒａｒｙ　ｔｏ　ｗｈａｔ　ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙ　ｏｃｃｕｒｓ　

ｗｉｔｈ　ｔｈｅ　ｓｅａｓｏｎａｌ　ｆｌｕ，ｗａｓ　ａｌｓｏ　ｃａｕｓｅ　ｆｏｒ　ｓｕｓｐｉｃｉｏｎ，ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙ　ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ　ｉｔ　ｂｒｏｋｅ　ｏｎｅ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｐａｔｔｅｍｓ　ｏｆ　ｓｅａｓｏｎａｌ　

ｆｌｕ，ｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｙｉｎｇ　ｅｖｅｎ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｈｏｔｔｅｓｔ　ｍｏｎｔｈｓ　ｏｆ　ｔｈｅ　ｙｅａｒ．Ｈａｒｄｉｎｇ（２００９）ａｌｓｏ　ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄ　ｔｈａｔ　ｔｈｅ　ａｌａｒｍ　ｒｏｓｅ　ｂｙ　

２００４—０５　ａｖｉａｎ　ｆｌｕ　ｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄ　ｔｏ　ｔｈｅ　ｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　ａ　ｐｅｒｃｅｐｔｉｏｎ　ｔｈａｔ　ｔｈｅ　ｎｅｘｔ　ｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｃ　ｈａｄ　ｔｈｅ　ｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌ　ｔｏ　ｂｅ　

ｃａｔａｓｔｒｏｐｈｉｃ，ｐｒｏｖｉｄｉｎｇ　ａ　ｐｌａｕｓｉｂｌｅ　ｃｏｎｔｅｘｔ　ｆｏｒ　ａ　ｐｒｅ—ｅｘｉｓｔｉｎｇ　ｆｒａｍｅ．　

Ｔｈｅ　ａｂｓｅｎｃｅ　ｏｆ　ｓｐｅｃｉａｌｉｚｅｄ　ｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅ　ａｎｄ　ｒｏｕｔｉｎｅｓ　ｉｎ　ｍｏｓｔ　ｎｅｗｓｒｏｏｍｓ　ｒｅｇａｒｄｉｎｇ　ｔｈｅ　ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ　ｆｏｒ　

ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ　ｏｆ　ｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｃｓ　ｓｈｏｕｌｄ　ｂｅ　ｎｏｔｅｄ．Ｆｏｒ　ｍａｎｙ　ｊｏｕｒｎａｌｉｓｔｓ，ｔｈｅｒｅ　ｗｅｒｅ　ｎｏ　ｒｅｌｉａｂｌｅ　ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｓ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｔｈｅ　

ｍｏｓｔ　ｃｒｅｄｉｂｌｅ　ｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｉｓ　ｓｐｅｃｉａｌｉｚｅｄ　ｆｉｅｌｄ　ｏｆ　ｖｉｒｏｌｏｇｙ，ｍｅａｎｉｎｇ　ｔｈａｔ　ｔｈｅ　ｆｕｎｄａｍｅｎｔａｌ　ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｓ　ｏｆ　

ｅｐｉｄｅｍｉｏｌｏｇｙ　ｗｅｒｅ　ｕｎｋｎｏｗｎ．Ａｓ　ｎｏｔｅｄ　ａ　ｄａｉｌｙ　ｎｅｗｓｐａｐｅｒ　ｊｏｕｍａｌｉｓｔ　ｉｎｔｅｒｖｉｅｗｅｄ　ｂｙ　ｔｈｅ　ａｕｔｈｏｒ　ｆｏｒ　ｔｈｉｓ　ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔ，　

ｍａｎｙ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｍｅｄｉａ　ｈａｄ　ｎｏ　ｆｌａｍｅ　ｏｆ　ｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ　ｆｏｒ　ｔｈｅ　ｎｅｗ　ｓｏｃｉａｌ　ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ：　

１　ｗａｓ　ｕｎａｗａｒｅ　ｏｆ　ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ　ｏｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｌｅｖｅｌｓ　ｏｆ　ｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ　ａｎｄ　ａｌａｒｍ．Ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈ　１　ｗｒｉｔｅ　ａ　ｌｏｔ　ａｂｏｕｔ　ｈｅａｌｔｈ，Ｉ　ｆｏｃｕｓ　ｍｏｒｅ　ｏｎ　ｉｓｓｕｅｓ　ｏｆ　ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ　ｈｅａｌｔｈ　ｐｏｌｉｃｙ．１　ｗａｓ　ｎｏｔ　ｓｏ　ｃｏｍｆｏｒｔａｂｌｅ　ｗｉｔｈ　ｔｈｉｓ　ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ．Ｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｔａｌｌｙ，ｍｙ　ｏｗｎ　ｎｅｗｓｐａｐｅｒ　ｉｎｉｔｉａｌｌｙ　ｐａｃｋｅｄ　ｕｐ　ｔｈｅ　ｓｕｂｊｅｃｔ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ　ｐａｇｅｓ，ａｓ　ａ　ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ　ｕｎｆｏｌｄｉｎｇ　ｉｎ　ｔｈｅ　ｏｕｔｓｉｄｅ　ｗｏｒｌｄ．（Ａｕｔｈｏｒ’ｓ　ｉｎｔｅｒｖｉｅｗ　ｗｉｔｈ　ａ　ｄａｉｌｙ　ｎｅｗｓｐａｐｅｒｊｏｕｒｎａｌｉｓｔ）　

合集下载

2010年考研英语二真题答案及解析

2010年考研英语二真题答案及解析

2010年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

文章分析

本文是一篇由六段文字构成的说明文，简要介绍了甲型H1N1流感在墨西哥地区的首次爆发和随后在全球

蔓延传播的情况。世界卫生组织对这场疾病做出了客观的评价。在文章最后两个段落里重点讲述了美国在这场

疾病中受感染及死亡病例的具体情况和美国联邦政府对此疾病采取的应对措施等。

试题解析TheoutbreakofswinefluthatwasfirstdetectedinMexicowasdeclaredaglobalepidemiconJune11,2009.Itis

thefirstworldwideepidemic__1__bytheWorldHealthOrganizationin41years.

Theheightenedalert__2__anemergencymeetingwithfluexpertsinGenevathatassembledafterasharprisein

casesinAustralia,andrising__3__inBritain,Japan,Chileandelsewhere.

【译文】猪流感疾病的爆发起初是在墨西哥发现的，在2009年6月11日，世界卫生组织宣称此次爆发的疾病

是41年以来首次的全球性流行病。

随着澳大利亚的感染病例急剧增加，与此同时，英国、日本智利以及其他地区的感染数量也在增加，日内瓦的

流感专家召开了紧急会议，会后，人民对此疾病提高了警惕。1.[A]criticized批评，指责[B]appointed任命，指定

[C]commented评论[D]designated指出，指明

【答案】D

【考点】词义辨析

【直击答案】本空格所在句是Itisthefirstworldwideepidemic__1__bytheWorldHealthOrganizationin41years。

华中科技大学2009年招收博士研究生入学考试试题(含答案)

华中科技大学2009年招收博士研究生入学考试试题(含答案)

华中科技大学 2009年招收博士研究生入学考试试题

Part I Cloze (0.5x20=10%)

Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in

the passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet.

The teacher of reading is involved, whether this is consciously realized or not, in the

development of a literate society. And every teacher, 1 , needs to determine what level of

literacy is 2 by society, what role he or she should take in 3 the desired standard of

literacy, and what the implications of literacy are in a world context.

The Unesco report presents a world 4 of literacy. Too often we limit our thoughts to the

5 small proportion of illiterates in our own country and fail to see it in its international 6 .

The problems 7 developing nations are also facing industrialized nations. Literacy, as

2009年湖北联考博士入学英语试题

2009年湖北联考博士入学英语试题

2009年湖北博士入学考试英语湖北联考试题

Part I Reading Comprehension (30 % )

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.

For each of them there are four choices marked A，B， C，and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your

answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

In general，our society is becoming one of giant enterprise directed by a bureaucratic management in which man

becomes a small，well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages，well-ventilated factories and

piped music and by psychologists and "human-relation" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has

become powerless，that he does not whole heartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact，the blue

2009年5月人事部三级笔译真题

2009年5月人事部三级笔译真题

2009年5月人事部三级笔译真题

Last Friday an advisory panel to the European Environment Agency issued an

extraordinary scientific opinion: The European union should suspend its goal of

having 10 percent of transportation fuel made from biofuel by 2020.

The European Union's biofuel targets were increased and extended from 5.75 percent

by 2010 to 10 percent by 2020 just last year. Still, Europe's well-meaning rush to

biofuels, the scientists concluded, had produced a slew of harmful ripple effects-

from deforestation in Southeast Asia to higher prices for grain.

In a recommendation released last weekend, the 20-member panel, made u of some

of Europe's most distinguished climate scientists, called the 10-percent target

"overambitious" and an "experiment" whose "unintended effects are difficult to

predict and difficult to control."