第二节 海上气象报告与气象导航

气象学多媒体讲义-第二十章第二十章气象报告和气象传真图的识读与应用第一节海上天气报告和警报一、海岸电台的播报范围海岸无线电台：例如，我国大陆的大连、上海、广州台，香港台，台湾的基隆、花莲和高雄台等，每天定时用中、英文明码电报向国内外商船转发海上天气报告和警报。

大连台负责播报的海域：渤海、渤海海峡、黄海北部、黄海中部。

上海台负责播报的海域：渤海、渤海海峡、黄海北部、黄海中部、黄海南部、东海北部、东海南部、台湾省北部、台湾海峡、济州、长崎、鹿儿岛、琉球、台湾省东部。

广州台负责播报的海域：台湾海峡、广东东部、广东西部、北部湾、巴士、东沙、西沙、海南岛西南部、华列拉、头顿、中沙、南沙、曾母暗沙。

香港台的预报区域：香港、广东、东沙群岛、台湾海峡、台湾省北部、台湾省东部、琉球群岛、舟山、西沙群岛、巴士海峡、巴林塘海峡、黄岩岛、民都洛、南沙群岛、华烈拉、岘港、北部湾。

基隆、花莲、高雄的预报范围为台湾省近海。

日本东京气象厅JMC天气报告的范围，范围A为一般警报，范围B为紧急警报。

二、天气报告的内容和阅读注意事项1、天气报告的内容各岸台均按统一规定的格式和内容编发报文，完整的报文由10部分组成，通常船舶只抄收前面第一到第三部分内容：第一部分――警报（如大风、风暴、热带气旋、浓雾警报等）；第二部分――天气形势摘要（高压、低压、锋、热带气旋等天气系统的位置、强度、移向、移速等）；第三部分――海区天气预报（天空状况、天气现象、风力、风向、浪级等）。

四、天气报告的应用阅读天气报告后应明确的两个问题：1）目前船舶所在海域处于何天气系统及该系统的何部位控制。

目前天气状况是该系统控制下的一般天气还是包括地方的缩写，有时则用GMT表示世界时；MMM――月份的缩略形式；JJJJ――年；…――其它说明第三节传真天气图的识读一、地面图1、地面分析图（AS）日本东京JMH台发布的亚洲地面分析图包含以下内容：1）图题第一个AS――图类代号，表地面分析；第二个AS――图区代号，表东亚和西北太平洋区域；JMH――传真台呼号，表示东京一台；第二行――表示图时（世界时）；第三行――图类的英文全拼。

气象导航与传真图分析第一章天气预报§1. 天气预报的基本原理❖天气预报(Weather Forecast)：包括天气形势预报和气象要素预报两种，天气形势预报是指对高压、低压、槽脊、锋面等天气系统未来的移动、强度变化及生消变化的预报。

❖天气预报的基本方法：天气学方法、动力学方法和统计学方法。

❖天气形势(Synoptic Situation)：大范围环流型与不同类别天气系统分布的概貌（高压、低压、锋、热带气旋的位置、强度、移动等）。

❖天气系统：显示大气中天气变化及其分布的独立系统。

如冷高压、锋面气旋、副热带高压和台风等系统。

❖天气形势与天气：天气演变是在一定的天气形势下发生和发展的，天气形势能显示未来一定时间内的天气变化趋势。

因此，天气形势预报是天气预报的基础。

❖天气的变化与天气系统及其空间分布密切相关，不同的天气系统伴随不同的天气。

所以说，天气系统是天气现象的制造者，同时又是天气现象的传播者。

正确认识和使用天气预报❖天气预报只能有相对的准确性，而没有绝对的准确性。

正确认识天气预报才能正确使用天气预报，正确使用天气预报才能趋利避害，确保生产安全。

人们对天气变化进行了严密的监视，利用各种仪器在全球范围内进行定时观测，并从大量的资料中不断发现和总结出了天气变化的许多规律性。

天气变化存在客观规律性，我们掌握了这些客观规律，就可作出准确的天气预报。

然而天气变化过程是极其复杂的，相互作用的过程不计其数，至今最庞大的天气模式比起现实大气的无涯无尽来，还是极为初浅的。

辐射和云之间的相互作用、水汽相变的复杂过程、下垫面不均匀的物理特性，都没有很好地考虑，这就足以使天气预报不能达到绝对准确。

船舶天气预报的着眼点❖了解预报海域的海况、气候条件和环流特点。

掌握该海域海流性质、流向流速和分布特点；熟悉该海域气候和季节环流特点。

如风浪、浓雾以及对船舶有较大影响的天气系统的时空分布等。

❖确定预报海域的影响系统。

根据经验，大致确定未来影响本海域的天气系统。

第二节海上气象报告与气象导航天气预报常见术语(中英文对照) 风、沙calm 无风breeze 微风moderate breeze 和风gale 强风，风暴squall 狂风（伴有雨、雪）a chilling wind 寒风hurricane 飓风cyclone 旋风，气旋typhoon 台风whirlwind 龙卷风a gust of wind 阵风a constant wind 风向稳定的风a fair wind 顺风a contrary wind 逆风sandstorm 沙暴duststorm 尘暴雨drizzle 毛毛雨thundershower 雷阵雨shower 阵雨rainstorm 暴风雨light rainshower 小阵雨heavy shower 强阵雨isolated shower 局部阵雨scattered shower 零星阵雨cloud-burst 大暴雨pouring rain 倾盆大雨freezing rain 冻雨thunder 雷lightning 闪电raindrop 雨点，雨滴rainfall 降雨量雪snow shower 阵雪heavy snow 大雪light snow, flurry 小雪sleet 雨夹雪blizzard 大风雪snowstorm 暴风雪snowflake 雪花snowdrift 雪堆snowfall 降雪量雾、霜fog 雾mist 薄雾freezing fog 冻雾hail 冰雹dew 露frost 霜气候mountain climate 高山气候desert climate 沙漠气候monsoon climate 季风气候plateau climate 高原气候continental climate 大陆气候littoral climate 海滨气候maritime climate 海洋气候forest climate 森林气候一些天气预报的标准术语(中英对翻译)阴天有阵雨和轻雾 overcast with showers and mist多云有轻雾 cloudy with mist阵雨 showers阴天有短时阵雨 overcast with showers多云 cloudy中阵雨 moderate rain0871. ___A___ LOW ELY SLWLY WITH COLD FRONT FM CEN TO 12N 179WAND WARM FROM FM CEN TO 11N 171W．（）低压缓慢东移，带有冷锋（从中心至12N 179W）及暖锋（从中心至11N 171W）A．SHLW（shallow）浅薄 B．SCTD(scattered) C．OBS (obscure)D．SW0872. ____B__ moving rather quickly east expected 150 miles south of Cape Farewell 972 by 160000 GMT．[22]（正在形成的低压）东移速度较快，预计160000 GMT中心气压972毫巴，将抵达Cape Farewell以南约150海里处A．Developed low B．Developing low C．Being developed low D．Low to be developed0873. ___C___ rain means it rains in some parts of the area．在某区域的部分地区下雨，这种雨叫什么雨（）A．Squally狂风B．Isolated局部C．Scattered 零星D．Occasional 偶尔0874. A local wind which occurs during the daytime and is caused by the different rates of warming of land and water is a __D____．由于水、陆之间的温差形成的地方性的风，多发生在白天，这种风叫（）A．Foehn [fen]焚风B．Chinook奇努克风（北美洲落基山东坡）C．Landbreeze 陆风D．Sea breeze 海风0875. A microbarograph is a precision instrument that provides a __B____．[142]微(气)压计是一种提供（）的精密仪器A．charted record of atmospheric temperature over time 以曲线图形式表现的不同时间的大气温度B．charted record of atmospheric pressure over time以曲线图形式表现的不同时间的大气压力C．graphic record of combustible gases measured in an atmosphere 以图表形式表现的大气中的可燃气体（浓度）D．graphic record of vapor pressure from a flammable/combustible liquid以图表形式表现的可燃液体的蒸汽压力0876. A tropical storm is building strength some distance from your ship．Waves are coming from the east，with periods increasing from 5 seconds to 15 seconds．The swell is from the east．Where was the storm when these new swells were generated ____C____．[225]你船远方某处有一个热带风暴正在加强，海浪从东来，周期由5秒增加到15秒。

第二章海图图书资料第三节航海图书资料1-5 DCADD 6-10 CDCBD 11-15 DBADD 16-20 ADDDB21-25 ABABA 26-30 ADDCB 31-35 ACDDD 36-40 BDABA41-45 ADCDA 46-50 DABCC 51-55 BBADC 56-61 BAAABD第四节海图及海图作业1-5 DDBBC 6-10 CDCBD 11-15 CBCAA 16-20CADCD 21-25CADBA 26-30 ACDBB 31-35 BBABA 36-40 ABCCA 41-45 ADACB 46-48 BDD第五节航海通告与警告1-5 DBABD 6-10 ADADB 11-15 AACAD 16-20 ADADC21-25 AAAAA 26-30 AADDA 31-37 DBCBDDD第三章航海英文函电第一节航海日志的填写1-5ACADA 6-10BDBBB 11-15CDACB 16-20BDCDA 21-25DAADB 26-31DADCAB第六节海上事故报告1-5ADCAA 6-10ADBCC 11-15BBBDA 16-20BDABD 21-25CDDCD 26-32BCDDDAA第四章国际安全管理第一节国际安全管理规则（ISM）1-5DBCDB 6-10DDDBC 11-15ABCCB 16-20BCBCC 21-26CABDCB第二节港口国监督及报告1-5AADAA 6-10CCCDC 11-15BDBBC 16-20BCDCD 21-27BCDCACD 第六章国际海事公约与规则第一节STCW1-5ADCDB 6-10ABDAB 11-15ADAAA 16-20DAADA 21-25ABCDD 26-30CCDCC 31-35CDBAD 36-40BBBCA 41-44AACB第二节SOLAS1-5CDDAC 6-10DADCB 11-15BBCCB 16-20CCBAA 21-25AAABA 26-30DCCCB 31-35DBADD 36-40ACDCC 41-45CCCDB 46-50ACCAD 51-55ADCDB 56-60DBBBC 61-65DBCAA 66-70DCBCA 71-72BB第三节MARPOL1-5DDCAA 6-10DABAD 11-15CDAAB 16-20CAAAC 21-25DCBCB 26-30ACDDA 31-35DACBC 36-40BABAA 41-43CDD第七章航海技术第一节锚泊与靠离泊作业1-5ABACB 6-10BCDBB 11-15DCDBC 16-20DBCAD 21-25DDCAA 26-30CACAD 31-35CCDAC 36-40CCBDB 41-45ABDAB 46-50BCCCD 51-55CDCDC 56-60BDCBB 61-65AADCD 66-69ACAD第二节沿海与大洋航行1-5DBDAD 6-10 DDDCC 11-15CACBB 16-20DBABC 21-25BBDBB 26-30ADDDA 31-35ABCCA 36-40CDCBD 41-45BCBBC 46-50CBCDA 51-55BACAA 56-59CADC第五节海上避碰规则1- 5 BBDBA 6-10 DDBCC 11-15DCAAA 16-20CBAAC 21-25DCBCB 26-30DBADB 31-35CAACC 36-40ACDAC 41-45CADDC 46-50AACCD 51-55BACBC 56-60ABDDD 61-65CBDCB 66-70DABBC 71-75CDAAD 76-80BDAAD 81-85ADACC 86-90BAABC 91-95DCBAA 96-100CDBDA 101-105BCABC 106-110DCBDC 111-115AABAB 116-120BABAC 121-124ABAD 第六节地文航海1-5DBDCB 6-10AAABA 11-15BDBCC 16-20ABBDB 21-25CCDBA 26-30DBDAB 31-35BCCDB 36-40ACCBC 41-45ACBDC 46-50CDDDC 51-55DCBDC 56 A第七节潮汐1-5DACCD 6-10ADDAA 11-15BCBBB 16-20ABBCD 21-25DABCA 26-30ADBDA 31-35BCDAD 36-38CCC第八章船舶货运技术第一节装卸货作业1-5DDBCA 6-10 DCCAD 11-15ADABA 16-20BAAAD 21-25BDDDB 26-30CDACC 31-35CAACC 36-40DBCBD 41-45CAABD 46-50BBCDC 51-55DABDA 56-60DACAD 61-65BDCDA第七节理货与计量作业1-5DDACA 6-10 CBDAC 11-15DDCAA 16-20DAADB 21-25BDDCB 26-30ACDBD 31-35ABCAD 36-38BCA第九章航海气象第一节海上气象报告与气象导航1-5ABCDB 6-10 CBBAC 11-15ADAAB 16-20CADDB 21-25CCDBD 26-30AABDC 31-35DCCCB 36-40AACCA 41-45CDCCD 46-50ABBDA 51-55BDCDB第二节海上天气现象1-5 DADDC 6-10 ABDCD 11-15DBBDA 16-20CDBBD 21-25BDBCC 26-30AABBA 31-35AADCC 36-40ACBDC 41-45ABCBB 46-50BCDCA51-55CBBCA 56-60BBBBD 61-65BDBAD 66-69ACDC第十章船舶结构与设备第一节船舶结构1-5DDCBA 6-10DBABB 11-15DBAAC 16-20CBADA 21-25ACADD 26-30CCADB 31-35CAADD 36-40BCDCB 41-45ADCBA 46-50DDBBD 51-55BADCD 56-60ABCDA 61-65CCBBC 66-70BBADD 71-74BABC 第二节船舶设备1-5DDBBB 6-10 CABDA 11-15BBBAB 16-20BDBAD 21-25CDDBC 26-30BDBDA 31-35BABAC 36-40ACDBD 41-45BADDB 46-50AAACB 51-55CCBBC 56-60CDCDC 61-65BCBBA 66-70DDBCB 71-75AAACD 76-80ACBAA 81-85ADBAD 86-87BD第十一章航海仪器第一节雷达及ARPA的使用1-5ADDDC 6-10 DBAAD 11-15DACDC 16-20BBABA 21-25ADBBC 26-30ACCAB 31-35DAADA 36-38BBA第二节磁罗经与陀螺罗经的使用1-5AAABC 6-10DABDD 11-15CBBBB 16-20CADBD 21-25BAABC 26-30ABACB 31-35BCADA 36-40BBACB 41-44BAAD第三节GPS，DF及LC的使用（疑问）1-5BACDA 6-10DBBBA 11-15ABDCA 16-20DDABA 21-25ABBAA 26-30DBACB 31-35BACDA 36-40BADBB 41-45DACDB 46-50BAAAC 51-55CBDCB 56-60BDAAC 61B第十二章海上通信第一节GMDSS1-5ADABD 6-10CDCAD 11-15CDDBB 16-20BACDD 21-25BDBDC 26-30ABADC 31-32DA第二节VHF通信1-5DADCC 6-10BAADA 11-15AADAD 16-20DBBCA 21-25ACBDA 26-30DDAAA 31-34BADC第十三章船舶修理与保养第二节甲板与船体保养1-5ADBDC 6-10BBBBD 11-15BAAAD 16-20CCCAD 21-25BCACC 26-30DBBDA 31-35CCDAA 36-40CDBDB第三节船舶索具及保养1-5BABDC 6-10CCADB 11-15BDAAA 16-20CADBC 21-25CCCCD 26-30CDBCD 31-35CCBBB 36-40ACBAD 41-45ACADC 46-50BABAA51-55BBADC 56-60DACBD 61-65CCCDD 66-70CBAAC 71-75BDBBD 76-80CDACA 81-85BDDCB 86-90CBBAD 91-95BABDB 96-99ADBA第四节船舶物料及管理1-5BBADD 6-10CCACB 11-15AABDD 16-20CDDAC 21-25BAABA 26-30BBBCD 31-35DDBAA 36-39BBAD第十四章海上应急第一节海上搜救1-5DDDDC 6-10 CBDAD 11-15BABDD 16-20CABBC 21-25DDDDA 26-30AABBB 31-35DDDDD 36-40CDACB 41-45CCCAC 46-49ABCA第二节海上消防1-5BCADB 6-10BACBD 11-15ADBBD 16-20BADBB 21-25DDAAB 26-30DBADB 31-35CDDBA 36-40BDCAA 41-45ABCAB 46-50DCDBA 51-55BDCDA 56-60ACDBC 61-65ABDCA 66-70CAABA 71-75ADAAB 76-80CCABC 81-85DABDD 86-90DCBAC 91-95BBDCA 96-100AACAC 第三节海上求生1-5DBBCB 6-10CDCDB 11-15BCBCC 16-20BBCDA 21-25CDCBA 26-30AAACA 31-35ACDCC 36-40ACAAD 41-45DAADA 46-50ABABC 51-55CBADB 56-60CBBDC 61-65ACCBB 66-70CBBBD 71-75CAABC 76-80DDDCD第四节油污染处理与堵漏1-5DCCCB 6-10BCDDC 11-15CAAAC 16-20CCCAC 21-25BDDBA 26-30BDDAB 31-35DCDDB 36-40CAABB 41-44BACB第五节海上医务1-5BDDDD 6-10ABBBB 11-15DCCCC 16-20AACAD 21-25DACBC 26-30BDDBD 31-35DBCCD 36-40BABBC 41-45BCDAC 46-50BCDDA 51-55CBADC 56-60DADDA第二部分阅读题1. ABDA2. ADAA3. BDDD4. ABAA5. CCBD6. DADC7.CDCB 8. CACA 9. BADA 10. BACA 11. ABDA 12. DACD13. BDBA 14. BCAD 15. DAAD 16. DBDD 17. DDCA 18.ABDD19.BCAA 20.DDBD 21. DAAB AB. 23.BABD 24.BBCD25. ADDA 26.AAAC 27.CACA 28. BBBD 29.ADDB 30.DACD31. BDAC 32. AAAC 33.DDBA 34.ABDA 35.BADD 36.ADDD37. CBBD 38. CABD 39.DABC 40.ADAD 41.BBDD 42.CADA43. BDAD 44. CADC。

航海英语专业词汇10【海上气象报告与气象导航】adverse a.反向的，反对的，不利的，逆的aneroid ①a.无液的②n.无液气压计anticyclonic a.高气压的associate ①v.联合，结合，缔合②n.合伙人，同事，伙伴③n.工程公司，联合事务④v.副学士（专科学校毕业生的学位），（学会的）准会员，副理事⑤a.次要的，副的boisterous a.大风大浪的，狂风暴雨的，恶劣天气的，波浪翻滚的building ①n.建筑物，大厦，大楼，楼宇②n.建筑，建设，施工bulletin ①n.通报，公报，布告，报告②n.新闻简报，期刊③n.航务公告cancel ①v.撤销，取消，删去，解除②v.消去，通约（数学）cape n.海角，角，岬chandlery n.船用物料店，杂货店circulate ①v.通用，流通，流传，环流②v.使循环，使环流③v.传播（消息等），发行（货币）climate ①n.气候②n.一般趋势clockwise a.顺时针转动的，顺时针方向，顺时针的，右转的cloudiness n.混浊，云量，云度（度）col ①n.（两个反气旋之间的）低压带，鞍形②n.山峡，峡路，山隘，山口commence v.开始convection n.传递，对流convective a.传送的，对流的convey ①v.传送，递交，运送，转运②v.通知，传达③v.转让cool ①a.冷静的，沉着的，冷的②v.阴凉，冷却cumulonimbus 雷雨云，积雨云（拉丁语）data n.（单数datum）数据，资料deal ①n..v分配，分发，给予②n.v.处理，从事，涉及③n.措施，政策④n.协议，交易⑤n.大量，多⑥n.（松或枞）木板，板材deepen ①v.增加深度，变深②v.（港口，河道等）挖深，疏浚③v.（气旋）加深departure ①n.出发，开航，出港，始航②n.偏转，偏移③n.航迹推算起点，起程点④n.东西距，经度差⑤n.横距（测量）drove ①（drive的过去式）②n.（石工的）平凿③v.使平，凿平④n.漂网渔船⑤n.畜群during prep.在……期间earthquake n.地震eastward ①n.向东②a.东方的③a.向东的ebb ①n.低潮，落潮，退潮②n.落潮流③v.衰退encounter ①v.不期而遇，遭遇②v.会遇，遇到，碰见③v.冲突，遭到fair ①a.公正的，公平的②a.光顺的，平顺的③a.相当的，中等的④a.（风、潮水）顺的，（文稿等）清晰的，（天气）无雨的⑤n.交易会，展销会，博览会，集市⑥v.使校平，使光顺⑦v.使船在泊位中摆正位置floe n.大片浮冰flood ①n.v.浸没，浸水②n.v.（船舱）进水，灌溉，充水，灌水③v.发洪水，泛滥，涨潮，满溢④n.大潮涌frozen ①v.电脑停帧，停格，冻结帧②a.严寒的，结冰的③冰冻的（批注）gale n.蒲氏八级风，大风（风速34～40kn）generally ad.一般地，通常，一般gentle a.和缓的，温和的graphic a.图解的gust ①n.阵风，阵雨②n.阵发的事物gustiness n.阵发性hail ①n.冰雹，雹②v.下雹③v.呼唤，招呼④n.船籍港hemisphere ①n.领域，范围②n.（地球或天球的）半球hurricane n.西印度群岛、墨西哥湾等地产生的热带低气压，飓风，蒲氏十二级风inclement ①a.险恶的，寒冷的，有狂风暴雨的（天气）②a.（风）凛冽的③n.严寒的，冷酷的，严酷的instrument ①n.仪器，仪表，器械，器具②n.乐器③n.工具，手段④n.证券，契约，文件，证书⑤n.海事声明intensify v.加强，强化，增强，加剧interpret ①v.解释，说明②v.判断，解译，判读③v.翻译introduction ①n.导言，序言，引言，前言，绪论②n.入门，介绍③n.传入，引进，采用，推广inversely ①ad.相反，反之②ad.相反地language ①n.语言②n.术语，代码legal a.法律上的，正当的，法律的，法定的letter ①n.字母，文字，符号②n.书信，信③n.许可证，证书④n.无线电报level ①n.水准，水平，等级，液位，能级，高程②n.水平面，水位，电平③v.整平，找平，垫平④v.平舱local a.本地的，局部的，地方的，当地的merge ①n.消失，吞没，沉没②v.吸收，吞并③v.（企业等）合并，兼并，联营，归并④v.（河流、道路）汇合microbarograph n.测微气压计，微压表national a.国家的，国有的，国民的，民族的northern a.北向的，北方的，北的no rthward ①ad.向北，北部，北端②a.向北的paragraph n.（文章、规则的）节，段，条，款per ①prep.按，凭②prep.每一，每③prep.由，经④prep.根据precautionary a.预防的precipitation ①n.降雨量，降水，降雨②n.猛落③n.沉淀物④n.淀析作用，沉淀作用precision n.准确度，精度prepare ①v.预备，准备②v.作出，制定③v.制备，配制probability n.或然率，可能性，概率，几率quite ad.完全，简直，很，颇rainfall ①n.降雨②n.雨量recurve n.反弯，折回relatively ad.相对地，比较地report ①n.报告，汇报，记录②n.报导，报表③v.通报，通知④v.发表respect ①n.v.尊重，尊敬②v.重视，遵守③n.着眼点，方面，关系rime ①n.白霜，雾凇，树挂②v.扩孔（扩大帆布绳眼圈）③n.梯级scatter ①n.散开，散布，分散②n.散射，撒播③n.耗散，铺撒showery a.阵雨的slant ①a.倾斜的，歪的②v.（断层）倾向，倾斜③n.一阵顺风snow ①n.雪花，积雪，雪②v.下雪③v.被雪覆盖，被雪封④n.雪花干扰（图像上出现的雪花形干扰）⑤n.二桅帆船solar ①a.太阳的②a.日光的spiral ①n.螺旋形的，螺纹的，螺线的②n.螺线，螺旋，螺壳，卷③n.使成螺旋形，盘旋squall ①n.暴风，飑（常夹有雨雪）②v.骚动，动荡③v.起风暴，刮飑squally ①a.有狂风暴雨的，急风的②a.形势险恶的，不平静的，动荡的summarize ①v.概述，总结②v.摘要，简述swell ①n.海涌，涌浪，长浪，涌②v.肿大，膨胀，隆起③v.增长，增大，增加synoptic a.（天气图）摘要的，大纲性的，概要的temperate a.（气候）温和的，温带的，适度的terrain ①n.地区，地段②n.地形，地势，自然环境③n.（知识、学术）领域④n.（行动）范围，场所topographic a.地形的tropical a.酷热的，热带的tsunami n.地震海浪，海啸usually ad.通常，平常，一般violent ①a.由于暴力的，强烈的，强暴的，剧烈的②a.猖獗的wintry a.寒冷的，冬天的adverse weather 不良的气候，不利天气aneroid barometer 无液式气压表，空盒气压表，膜盒气压计atmospheric temperature 大气温度，常温bad weather 恶劣天气，坏天气cancel out 抵消，销账clear weather 晴天coast pilot ①沿海船舶引航员②沿海航路指南，沿海航路志dry air 干空气fair weather 好天，晴天flood current 涨潮流freezing level 冻结高度（大气层达到0℃气温的高度）freezing rain 冻雨（气象用语）heavy rain 暴雨，大雨heavy squall 烈飑high latitude 高纬度immediate vicinity 相邻地区，邻近地区，紧邻local wind 地方性风，局部风low latitude 低纬度low swell 低涌（道氏涌级一至二级）map analysis （天气）图分析moderate gale 疾风，蒲氏七级风northern hemisphere 北半球partly cloudy 少云plain language ①（通信）明语，明码②普通语言，普通文字position report 船位报告，位置报告precision instrument 校验用仪表，精密仪器pressure center 气压中心，压力中心primary source 第一手来源，原始来源reversing current （周期性）往复潮流river mouth 河口rudder adjustment 舵角调整shift in 移入ship chandlery 船具业，船舶供应业ship's heading 船首向，航向solar system 太阳系southern hemisphere 南半球squall line 飑线strong gale 烈风，蒲氏九级风（风速41～47kn）take readings 读取读数tidal wave 海啸海浪，风暴潮，潮汐波tropical cyclone 热带气旋tropical wave 热带波，东风波（随东信风向西移动的低压，常伴有浓云和大雨）up speed 加速vapor pressure 蒸汽压力vertical motion 垂直运动，垂直移动wall cloud 墙状云warm front 暖锋weather adjustment ①气温调节②（自动舵）天气调整装置weather bulletin 天气公报，气象通报weather bureau 气象局weather forecast 气象预报，天气预报weather station 气象台，气象站whole gale 狂风，十级风（蒲氏十级风的旧名）wind force ①风力②风负荷national weather service （美国）国家气象局point of origin ①（坐标）原点②起运点，发货点③发货地with respect to 关于CEN|Centaurus 半人马星座DEG|Degree ①等级②程度③次，度（幂）EAST|Eastern Australian Standard Time 东澳大利亚标准时ELY|Easterly ①东向的，东的②东风③偏东FM|Fan Mark 扇形标志HVY|Heavy 大功率的，重型的KMS|Kilometers per Second 千米/秒KTS|Knots 海里/小时，节MAP|Marine Autotraverse Positioner 船迹推算仪MBS|Machinery and Boilers Are Classed by British Standard 按英国标准定级的机械设备和锅炉NE|Natural Exhaust 自然排风NM|Nautical Mile 海里NW|Navigable Waters 可航水域OF|Ocean Freight 海运运费，远洋运价，远洋货运OWING|Owing to 由于PT|Pacific Time 太平洋时间SE|Safety Equipment 安全设备SEAS|Self-embedment Anchoring System 自埋入抛锚系统STOP|Search Terminal Option 搜索终端取舍THE|Technical Help to Exporters （英国标准协会）对出口商的技术帮助TO|Technical Orders 技术条令TV|Tank Vessel 油船，油轮UP|Ultra-portable 超便携式，超轻型的WIND|Weather Information Network and Display 天气情报接收网。

海上气象报告与气象导航1、______ LOW ELY SLWLY WITH COLD FRONT FM CEN TO 12N 179W AND WARM FROM FM CEN TO 11N 171W． aA．SHLW B．SCTDC．OBS D．SW2、______ moving rather quickly east expected 150 miles south of Cape Farewell 972 by 160000 GMT． bA．Developed low B．Developing lowC．Being developed low D．Low to be developed3、______ rain means it rains in some parts of the area． cA．Squally B．IsolatedC．Scattered D．Occasional4、A local wind which occurs during the daytime and is caused by the different rates of warming of land and water is a ______． dA．Foehn B．ChinookC．Land breeze D．Sea breeze5、A microbarograph is a precision instrument that provides a ______．b A．charted record of atmospheric temperature over timeB．charted record of atmospheric pressure over timeC．graphic record of combustible gases measured in an atmosphereD．graphic record of vapor pressure from a flammable/combustible liquid6、A tropical storm is building strength some distance from your ship．Wavesare coming from the east，with periods increasing from 5 seconds to 15 seconds．The swell is from the east．Where was the storm when these new swells were generated ________．cA．To the north of you B．To the south of youC．To the east of you D．To the west of you7、A type of precipitation that occurs only in thunderstorms with strong convection currents that convey raindrops above and below the freezing level is known as ______． bA．Sleet B．HailC．Freezing rain D．Rime8、A weather forecast states that the wind will commence backing．In the Northern Hemisphere，this would indicate that it will ______． bA．Shift in a clockwise mannerB．Shift in a counterclockwise mannerC．Continue blowing from the same directionD．Decrease in velocity9、A WIND BLOWS ROUND ANTICLOCKWISE defines ______．a A．Backing（of wind）B．Beach（to）C．Veering（of wind）D．Maintaining direction of the wind10、After a cold front passes，the barometric pressure ______． cA．Drops，and the temperature dropsB．Drops，and the temperature risesC．Rises，and the temperature dropsD．Rises，and the temperature rises11、Anticyclones are usually characterized by ______．aA．dry，fair weatherB．high winds and cloudinessC．gustiness and continuous precipitationD．overcast skies12、As the temperature for a given mass of air increases，the ______． d A．Dew point increasesB．Dew point decreasesC．Relative humidity increasesD．Relative humidity decreases13、BASHI：E TO SE 9-10.500M IN HVY SQUALLY SHWRS AND TS．SEA 8-9M．SWELL SE 6-7M．From the above forecast，the wind in Beaufort Scale will be ______． aA．STRONG GALE TO STORMB．GALE TO STRONG GALEC．NEAR GALE TO GALED．STRONG BREEZE TO NEAR GALE14、CAPE WEST WIND WEST TO SOUTHWEST 15 TO 20 KNOTS WEATHER SHOWERS．This description is likely to be under the heading of ______． a A．FORECASTB．STORM WARNINGC．GENERAL SITUATIOND．MAP ANALYSIS15、During the voyage he encountered boisterous winds and heavy weather during which time the vessel ______ heavily and to such an extent that at times it was necessary to change course． bA．Moved B．LaboredC．Drove D．Went16、During the voyage my ship ______ bad weather in the Pacific Ocean．c A．meets with B．has met withC．met with D．meeted with17、Especially in adverse weather，risk of collision with an offshore supply vessel increases when the vessel is moored to what side of the unit ________． a A．Upwind B．DownwindC．Crosswind D．Downcurrent18、For an accurate barometer check，you would ______． dA．Check it with a barometer on another vesselB．Take readings from several barometers and average themC．Check it with the barometer at the ship chandleryD．Check it against radio or National Weather Service reports of the immediatevicinity19、HIGH WA VES；DENSE STREAKS OF FOAM ALONG THE DIRECTION OF THE WIND；CRESTS OF WA VES BEGIN TO TOPPLE，TUMBLE AND ROLL OVER；SPRAY MAY AFFECT VISIBILITY．This condition is likely to be termed ______． dA．Strong breeze B．Near galeC．Gale D．Strong gale20、If the center of low pressure is due west of you in the Northern Hemisphere，which wind direction should you expect ________．bA．South to west B．South to eastC．West to north D．North to east21、If your weather bulletin shows the center of a low pressure area to be 100 miles due east of your position，what winds can you expect in the Northern Hemisphere ________． cA．East to northeast B．East to southeastC．North to northwest D．South to southeast22、INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE OVER SOUTH PHILIPPINE PASSING OVER MINDANAO NORTHERN SULU AND PALAWAN．This phrase is likely to be under the heading of ______． cA．GALE WARNINGB．24 HOURS FORECASTC．SYNOPSISD．STORM WARNING23、Mechanical lifting of air by the upslope slant of the terrain is called ______．d A．Vertical liftingB．Convective liftingC．Advective liftingD．Topographic lifting24、NORTHEAST TAIWAN RYUKYU PARTLY CLOUDY SKIES WITH ISOLATED SHOWERS WIND NORTHEASTLY ZERO FIVE TO ONE FIVE KNOTS SEA MAINLY SLIGHT．The weather in this area is ______． b A．CLOUDYB．PARTLY CLOUDYC．CLEARD．OVERCAST25、Of the following，______ is not a wind． dA．BoraB．GustC．GregaleD．Floe26、OWING TROPICAL STORM9706 CROSSING OUR/COURSE PLSPERMIT SHELTERING KAGOSHIMA KAIWAN．This cable indicates that ______． aA．She requested shelter permissionB．She intended to berth at port of KAGOSHIMAC．She intended to change her courseD．She was reporting to the port that a tropical storm is coming27、REEF（SOUTH）WIND NORTH 10 KNOTS WEATHER ISOLATED SHOWERS SEA SLIGHT STOP．This phase is a ______． aA．forecastB．warningC．map analysisD．general introduction28、SCARBOROUGH= W TO SW UP TO 10 IN N．500 M IN HVY SQUALLY SHOWERS AND TS．SEA 7-8 M．SWELL SW 5-6 M．The visibility in this area is ______． bA．10 NMB．500 MC．7-8 MD．5-6M29、SEVERE TROPICAL STORM UPGRADED INTO A TYPHOON AND AT 1800Z 13 AUGUST IT WAS ESTIMATED BASED ON SURFACE REPORTS．This phrase is likely to be under the heading of ______． dA．GALE WARNINGB．24 HOURS FORECASTC．SYNOPSISD．STORM WARNING30、TAIWAN STRAITS EAST GUANGDONG：CLOUDY TO OVERCAST WITH LOCAL SHOWERS WIND NE 22 TO 33 KTS SEAS ROUGH TO VERY ROUGH VIS 10 TO 20 KMS．The Vis、in this area is ______ nautical miles．cA．22 TO 33B．11 TO 16C．5 TO 10D．10 TO 2031、The AMVER system requires ______． dA．Sailing plans to be sent before departureB．More frequent reports in heavy weatherC．Arrival reports to be sent within 8 hours of arrivalD．A position report within 24 hours of departure32、The apparent wind's speed can be zero，but only when two conditions are present．One condition is that the true wind ______． cA．Must be from dead aheadB．Speed must be zeroC．Must be from dead asternD．Must be on the beam33、The area of strong westerly winds occurring between 40°S and 60°S latitude is called the ______． cA．polar easterliesB．prevailing westerliesC．roaring fortiesD．jet streams34、The Beaufort scale is used to estimate the ______． cA．Wind directionB．Percentage of cloud coverC．Wind speedD．Barometric pressure35、The dense black cumulonimbus clouds surrounding the eye of a hurricane are called ______． bA．Spiral rainbandsB．Cloud wallsC．Funnel cloudsD．Cyclonic spirals36、The eye of a hurricane is surrounded by dense black cumulonimbus clouds which are called the ______．aA．Wall cloudB．Nimbostratus cloudC．BarD．Funnel37、The Routing System which aimed at reducing the risk of casualties is called as ______． aA．Traffic Separation SchemesB．Recommended tracksC．Precautionary areasD．Inshore traffic zones38、The winds you would expect to encounter in the North Atlantic between latitudes 5° and 30° are known as the ______． cA．DoldrumsB．WesterliesC．TradesD．Easterlies39、TYPHOON KAREN WARNING 14．POSIT ONE THREE PT ONE NORTH ONE FOUR EIGHT PT TWO EAST AT 110 000Z．GOOD BASED ON 102 200Z RECON FIX．The typhoon is in ______． cA．the high latitude of the northern hemisphereB．the high latitude of the southern hemisphereC．the low latitude of the northern hemisphereD．the low latitude of the southern hemisphere40、Weather conditions in the middle latitudes generally move ______．a A．EastwardB．WestwardC．NorthwardD．Southward41、Weather forecast messages are usually ______． cA．Given only to TV stationsB．Transmitted only by commercial broadcast stationsC．Broadcast in plain languageD．Broadcast immediately on VHF Channel 16 and 2182 kHz42、Weather information is available from ______． dA．Commercial radio broadcastsB．The Coast Guard on scheduled marine information broadcastsC．VHF-FM continuous marine weather broadcasts provided by the National Weather ServiceD．All of the above43、Weather observations provided by each weather station include all of the following except ______． cA．temperatureB．visibilityC．predicted weather for the next twelve hoursD．barometric pressure and change in the last three hours44、West backing south-west gale 8 locally storm 10 ______ then rain or sleet mainly good． cA．windy showersB．showers with windsC．wintry showersD．showery winds45、What benefit is a weather bulletin to a mariner ________． dA．It provides a legal reason to cancel a projected voyageB．It allows the mariner to make long term weather forecastsC．It is of little benefit since the weather changes frequently and rapidlyD．It gives the mariner time to prepare for weather changes46、What will a veering wind do ________． aA．Change direction in a clockwise manner in the Northern Hemisphere B．Circulate about a low pressure center in a counterclockwise manner in the Northern HemisphereC．Vary in strength constantly and unpredictablyD．Circulate about a high pressure center in a clockwise manner in the Southern Hemisphere47、When a high pressure system is centered north of your vessel in the Northern Hemisphere ______． bA．You should experience hot，moist，clear weatherB．The wind direction is generally easterlyC．The winds should be from the southwest at your locationD．The winds should be brisk48、When force of winds reaches 10-11 in Beaufort scale，we usually call such wind ______． bA．GaleB．StormC．HurricaneD．Typhoon49、When observing a rapid rise in barometric pressure，you may expect ______．d A．Clear weather with no wind，but the possibility of rain or snow within 24 hours B．Deteriorating weather with rain or snowC．Heavy rain or severe thundershowersD．Clearing weather，possibly accompanied by high winds50、When steering on autopilot which of the following input conditions may NOT have an effect on the control of the steering gear ________． aA．Non-follow-upB．Rudder adjustmentC．Weather adjustmentD．All the above may be activated51、Which general weather conditions should you expect to find in a low pressure system ________． bA．Fair weatherB．Precipitation and cloudinessC．Scattered clouds at high elevationsD．Gradual clearing and cooler temperatures52、Which of the following is not a frontal term ______．dA．RidgeB．ColC．TroughD．Bora53、Which of the following statements concerning frontal movements is TRUE ________． cA．The temperature rises after a cold front passesB．The barometric pressure rises when a warm front passesC．A cold front generally passes faster than a warm frontD．A warm front usually has more violent weather associated with it than a cold front 54、While on watch，you notice that the air temperature is dropping and is approaching the dew point．Which type of weather should be forecasted ________．d A．HailB．Heavy rainC．SleetD．Fog55、Widely spaced isobars on a weather map indicate ______．bA．High windsB．Gentle breezesC．Ice，snow or frozen rainD．Probability of tornados。

第二节海上气象报告与气象导航天气预报常见术语(中英文对照)风、沙calm 无风breeze 微风moderate breeze 和风gale 强风，风暴squall 狂风（伴有雨、雪）a chilling wind 寒风hurricane 飓风cyclone 旋风typhoon 台风whirlwind 龙卷风a gust of wind 阵风a constant wind 风向稳定的风a fair wind 顺风a contrary wind 逆风sandstorm 沙暴duststorm 尘暴雨drizzle 毛毛雨thundershower 雷阵雨shower 阵雨rainstorm 暴风雨light rainshower 小阵雨heavy shower 强阵雨isolated shower 局部阵雨scattered shower 零星阵雨cloud-burst 大暴雨pouring rain 倾盆大雨freezing rain 冻雨thunder 雷lightning 闪电raindrop 雨点，雨滴rainfall 降雨量雪snow shower 阵雪heavy snow 大雪light snow, flurry 小雪sleet 雨夹雪blizzard 大风雪snowstorm 暴风雪snowflake 雪花snowdrift 雪堆snowfall 降雪量雾、霜fog 雾mist 薄雾freezing fog 冻雾hail 冰雹dew 露frost 霜气候mountain climate 高山气候desert climate 沙漠气候monsoon climate 季风气候plateau climate 高原气候continental climate 大陆气候littoral climate 海滨气候maritime climate 海洋气候forest climate 森林气候一些天气预报的标准术语(中英对翻译)阴天有阵雨和轻雾overcast with showers and mist多云有轻雾cloudy with mist阵雨showers阴天有短时阵雨overcast with showers多云cloudy中阵雨moderate rain0042. Lines drawn through points on the Earth having the same atmospheric pressure are known as ___C___．[798]在地球表面，连接所有具有相同的大气压的点所形成的线，叫（）A．Isothermal 等温线B．Millibars 毫巴C．Isobars 等压线D．Seismics 地震0119. LOW AT 34N 135E ESL Y SLWL Y INTST NC．This description is most likely to be under the heading of ___B___．[805]“低压，位于34N 135E，缓慢向东移动，目前未确认”一般这句话出现在（）里A．GL WNG 强风（9级）警报B．GEN SYN 天气大势C．STM WNG 暴风（10级）警报D．T Y WNG0205. Winds expected to ___D___ Storm Force 10 in south-east semicircle later up to 300 miles from the center of the tropical cyclone．预计在气旋中心东南半圆300海里范围内，狂风风力将（）10级A．get 得到B．achieve得到C．attain获得D．reach 达到0532. Which instrument is used to predict the approach of a low pressure system __ C____．下列哪一种仪器可用来预测低压的到来（）A．Anemometer风速计B．Fathometer 测深仪C．Barometer 气压计D．Thermometer 温度计0871. ___A___ LOW EL Y SLWL Y WITH COLD FRONT FM CEN TO 12N 179W AND WARM FROM FM CEN TO 11N 171W．（）低压缓慢东移，带有冷锋（从中心至12N 179W）及暖锋（从中心至11N 171W）A．SHLW（shallow）B．SCTD C．OBS (ovserve)D．SW0872. ____B__ moving rather quickly east expected 150 miles south of Cape Farewell 972 by 160000 GMT．[22]（正在形成的低压）东移速度较快，预计160000 GMT中心气压972毫巴，将抵达Cape Farewell以南约150海里处A．Developed low B．Developing low C．Being developed low D．Low to be developed0873. ___C___ rain means it rains in some parts of the area．在某区域的部分地区下雨，这种雨叫什么雨（）A．Squally狂风B．Isolated局部C．Scattered 零星D．Occasional偶尔0874. A local wind which occurs during the daytime and is caused by the different rates of warming of land and water is a __D____．由于水、陆之间的温差形成的地方性的风，多发生在白天，这种风叫（）A．Foehn[fen]焚风B．Chinook奇努克风（北美洲落基山东坡）C．Land breeze 陆风D．Sea breeze 海风0875. A microbarograph is a precision instrument that provides a __B____．[142]微(气)压计是一种提供（）的精密仪器A．charted record of atmospheric temperature over time 以曲线图形式表现的不同时间的大气温度B．charted record of atmospheric pressure over time以曲线图形式表现的不同时间的大气压力C．graphic record of combustible gases measured in an atmosphere以图表形式表现的大气中的可燃气体（浓度）D．graphic record of vapor pressure from a flammable/combustible liquid以图表形式表现的可燃液体的蒸汽压力0876. A tropical storm is building strength some distance from your ship．Waves are coming from the east，with periods increasing from 5 seconds to 15 seconds．The swell is from the east．Where was the storm when these new swells were generated ____C____．[225]你船远方某处有一个热带风暴正在加强，海浪从东来，周期由5秒增加到15秒。

船舶海洋气象导第二十一章第一节气象导航概述一、气象导航的概念1、定义船舶气象定线( Ship Weather Routi ng )根据大洋气候资料、准确的长期、中期、短期天气和海况预报，结合船舶性能和装载特点，为船舶选择最佳路线，并在航行中利用不断更新的天气和海况预报修正航线，指导航行，以达到在最短的时间内和损失最小的情况下完成航行的航海技术。

气象导航所推荐的航线称为气象航线 ( Weather Routes )，又称为最佳航线 ( OTSR －Optimum Track Ship Routing )。

2、分类——岸上气象导航(简称岸导)――船舶自行气象导航(简称自导)――船岸结合导航岸导――由岸上成立的专门船舶气象导航机构，为船舶提供优选航线和跟踪导航服务。

自导一一船长根据所能得到的气象和海洋资料，结合本船性能和装载情况，经综合分析自行选择最佳路线。

船岸结合导航一一岸导机构为船长提供初始推荐航线和中期天气、海况预报，最后由船长选定航线；或是岸导机构为船长提供第一阶段航线(从进入公海开始至48h 的这段航线)，并在航行中不断提供气象、海洋方面的预报资料，以后的航线设计由船长完成。

目前，岸导是实施气象导航的最主要方式。

二、气象航线与气候航线的关系1 、气候航线――根据长期的天气和海况资料分析得出的平均特征即气候资料，结合航海经验，总结分析出与各大洋的季节特征相适应的航线，称为气候航线。

2、气候航线的不足――航行在气候航线上的船舶遇到的实际天气和海况有时与平均状况有很大差别，这时沿气候航线航行就达不到预期的效果，甚至会因意外的灾害性天气造成船、货损以及费时等损失；――按气候资料认为是不适宜航行的海域，在某些时候却会出现利于航行的好天气。

3、气象航线的优势――充分考虑了航线上未来的各种天气过程，使船舶可以及时避开危险航行区域和充分利用有利的天气海况条件。

4、两者的关系――由于气象航线对天气和海况预报时效有较高要求，但目前国际上天气海况的中、短期预报较准确，长期预报的准确率还无法满足10 天以上跨洋航线的要求。