1 红包
红包，又叫“压岁钱”，是用红色信封或纸包着钱的红纸包儿。红包，通常是用于中国农历新年或喜庆时馈赠的礼金。派:“红包”,是中国人过年的一种重要习俗。中国人喜爱红色，因为红色象征吉祥与好运，所以, 红包总是用红色的信封或纸来包。派红包或给压岁钱，是长辈们给未成年的晚辈。据说，压岁钱可以袪邪压祟，因为“岁”与“祟”谐音，晚辈得到压岁钱，就可以平平安安地度过一生。
Hong-Bao or Red Packet is also known as "a packet of lucky money", or simply "lucky money". Hong-Bao usually refers to a gift of money offered during the Chinese Lunar New Year and other celebrations/Giving or offering a Hong-Bao has been a traditional custom during the Chinese lunar New Year. Chinese people love the colour red as it is seen to represent good luck. A Hong-Bao is therefore usually made of red paper. Hong-Baos are normally given by seniors to the younger generation. It is said that lucky money helps drive away evil, because year and evil spirit sound alike. This means youngsters can protect themselves through the year.
2 北京
北京是有着三千多年建城史和八百五十多年建都史的历史文化名城。它荟萃伪(blend)由了元、明、清以来的中华文化，拥有众多名胜古迹和人文景观，是世界上拥有世界文化遗产(heritage sites)最多的城市。北京每年有超过一亿四千万的国内和国外旅客。北京城市面积为1.64万平方公里，常住人口约2000万。Beijing has a history of over three thousand years as a city, and over eight hundred and fifty years as a capital. It is a famous place that not only blends cultures of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, but also boasts many historical, cultural and beautiful scenic places. In fact, Beijing now has more cultural heritage sites than any other city in the world. Each year, Beijing receives over 140 million visitors from China and abroad. Beijing covers some 16.4 thousand square kilometers and has a population of about 20 million.
3中国农历
相传在4000多年俞的夏朝，即中国历史上第一个奴隶制王朝就幵始有了历法(calendar)，后人把当时中国古老的传统历法叫“夏历”。夏历是按月亮的运赶周期(rotating cycle)制定的，故又称作“阴历”。由于夏历中有一年四季节气的变化和农事安排，所以后世又习惯称之为“农历”，字面上的意思是农事月相日历(moon calendar),也就是今天所说的“中国阴历”。
A ccording to legend, China's first slave dynasty in history — the Xia Dynasty dating back over 4000 years ago developed the first calendar. The ancient traditional Chinese calendar was later known as the "Xia Calendar". Since it was based on the rotating cycle of the moon, it is also known as the "Lunar Calendar". As the Xia revolves around farming arrangements based on the seasons, it is commonly called "Nong Li", literally the farming moon calendar, also known as the China Lunar Calendar.
4中国传统婚俗
中国传统婚俗源于中国几千年的文化积淀。古时候结婚时，新郎先要把新娘接回家，然后举行结婚仪式，俗称“拜天地”。“拜天地”时，一要先拜天地，二拜高堂，然后夫妻对拜，最后喝交杯酒。中国传统婚礼总爱以明亮的大红色来烘托喜庆、吉祥、热烈的气氛。吉祥、祝福、孝敬因此成为婚礼的主旨。婚礼中的每一项礼仪都渗透着中国人浓浓的传统哲学思想.
Traditional wedding customs originated from the Chinese traditions that go back thousands of years. In ancient times when a wedding ceremony was to be held, the groom would first go and bring the bride to his home before the marriage ceremony, colloquially known as "bowing to heaven and earth". When the ceremony begins, the couple is first supposed to bow to the heaven and earth, and then bow to their parents, and thirdly, they will bow to each other before they are supposed to drink the nuptial cup toast. The Chinese traditional weddings love to use bright red color to match the auspicious, warm and festive occasion. Blessing of good luck, happiness and filial piety have become the main theme of weddings. Every wedding tradition helps demonstrate the strong Chinese traditional philosophy.
5故宫
故宫，也就是今天的中国故宫博物院(the National Palace Museum of China), 位于北京市中心，天安门以北,又称紫禁城，曾是明清两代皇宫。故宫始建于明永乐四年，历经十八年建成。紫禁城曾是中国五个多世纪以来的最高权力中心，它以园林景观（landscape)和容纳了家具及工艺品的9000个房间的庞大建筑群，成为明清时代中国文明无价的历史见证。紫禁城宫城周围环绕着高10米、长3400米的宫墙，南、东、西、北有四个宫门，宫墙外有52米宽的护城河(moat)，独成体系。
Gu Gong, also the National Palace Museum of China today, is located in central Beijing. It is to the north of Tian'anmen and also known as the Forbidden City. It was the imperial palace for both the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The palace began to be built in the 4th year of Yongle period of Ming Dynasty and was completed after 18 years. The Forbidden City has been China's center of power for more than five centuries. With its landscape and massive architecture that includes its furniture and crafts and over 9,000 rooms, it is historical evidence of the priceless civilization of Ming and Qing Dynasties of China. Around the Forbidden City, there is a 10 meters tall and 3400 meters long palace wall, which opens on its south, east, west and north sides with four gates. Also surrounding the wall is a 52 meters wide moat that is an independent water system.
6文房四宝
文房四宝，是中国书画的主要工具和材料，它们是笔、墨、纸、砚，人们通常称它们为“文房四宝”，是说它们是文人书房中必备的四件宝贝。中国古代文人基本上都能书善画，是离不开笔墨纸砚这四件宝贝的。“文房”之名，起于我国历史上的南北朝时期，专指文人书房而言，以笔、墨、纸、砚为文房最常用。文房用具除四宝以外，还有笔筒、笔架、墨盒、笔洗、印泥、印章、印盒等等，也都是书房中的必备之品。
The Four Treasures of Chinese Study, i.e. brush, ink, rice paper and ink stone, are unique tools of Chinese painting and calligraphy. People refer them as "four treasures"
because they are the four most cherished and very often used items in the study of Chinese scholars. Ancient Chinese scholars were basically all good at calligraphy and painting and that is why the tools were inseparable to them. The word "Chinese Study" first originated from the Northern and Southern Dynasties, which specifically meant to refer to a scholar study where the four tools were the most often used items. In addition to these four major items, other necessary tools for the Chinese study also include the brush barrel, brush holder, ink case, brush wash, inkpad, stamps, seal boxes and so on. 8中国四大名园
“北京的颐和园、河北省承德的避暑山庄、江苏省苏州市的拙政园(the Humble Adiministrator’s Garden)和留园（the Garden to Linger In)”并称“中国四大名园”。前两座是北方皇家园林的代表，后两座是中国南方水乡私宅园林的典型代表。中国园林独特的艺术风格表现主要有三：一是追求艺术性地体现大自然，即“虽由人作，宛自天开”；二是注重体现人的意趣和精神追求;三是造园手法富于艺术美。
China's four famous gardens refer to the Beijing Summer Palace, the Mountain Resort of Chengde in Hebei province, the Humble Administrator's Garden and the Garden to Linger In, in Suzhou of Jiangsu province. The
former two are representative of the imperial gardens in north China, while the latter two are typical private landscape residences in water towns of southern China. The unique artistic styles of Chinese gardens lies in three aspects: First, a pursuit for an artistic reproduction of great nature, that is, "Gardens should look natural although made by man". Second, focus on a pursuit of human flavors and spiritual tastes. Third, the importance of a beautiful work of art should be attached to the way of building gardens.
9. 京剧
京剧(Beijing Opera)是中国的国粹。作为一门古老的艺术，京剧的服装(costume) 脸谱(facial mask)更易被人喜爱。不同的服装类型反映不同的人物身份特征。富贵者的服装缀满精美的刺绣；穷困者的服装则简单朴素，少有装饰(elemental)。脸谱是京剧中塑造人物形象的重要手段，它是用不同的颜色在脸上勾画出来的。脸谱的颜色让人一看便知角色的善恶。比如白色代表奸诈(treachery)，黑色代表正直不阿，黄色是骁勇，蓝、绿色多用于绿林好汉(rebellious fighters)，金、银色多用于神佛(divinity and Buddhism)等.
Beijing Opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. As a traditional art form, its costumes and facial mask are more popular with people. Different styles of costumes are used to reflect the status of different characters. There are more embroideries in the costumes of nobles, while those of the poor tend to be simple and less elemental. Facial masks using different colors are important ways to portray a character. People can tell a hero from a villain by the colors of the masks. In general, white usually represents treachery, black represents righteousness, yellow represents bravery, blue and green represent rebellious fighters, while gold and silver represent divinity and Buddhism.
9.茶马古道
茶马古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)两边，生活着20多个少数民族。不同的地方有着各自美丽而神奇的自然风景和传统文化，比如：大理古城、丽江古城、香格里拉(Shangrila)、雅鲁藏布大峡谷和布达拉宫(Potala Palace)。古道的两旁有庙宇、岩石壁画、驿站(post house)、古桥和木板路。这里是很多少数民族的家园，也是他们的民族舞蹈和民族服装(folk costume)的发源地。时至今天，虽然这条古道的踪迹都消失了，但它的文化和历史价值仍然存在。
Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minorities. Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites, including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon and Potala Palace. The road features temples, rock paintings, post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads. It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk costumes. Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.
10. 四合院
四合院(Siheyuan)的是从明代的北京延续下来的古典建筑风格的住宅。四合院之间的狭窄的街道被称为“胡同”(Hutong). 一个四合院有园林包围（sorround)着的四个房子，有高高的围墙保护。四合院与胡同都是人们常见到的,有700多年的历史, 但是由于现在的城市改造(urban renovation) 和中国经济的发展，四合院慢慢地从北京消失。
Siheyuan is a classical architecture style of residential housing of Beijing citizens dated from the Ming Dynasty. The narrow streets between die siheyuan are called "Hutong", A siheyuan comprises of garden surrounded by four houses and protected by high walls. Siheyuan and Hutong which have been very familiar to people, having a history of more than 700 years now because of the urban renovation and economic development of China, they are slowly disappearing from Beijing.
11.少林功夫
少林功夫(Shaolin Kungfu)是河南登封少林寺信奉佛教文化的和尚们练习的一
种武术(martial arts).少林寺，建于北魏(the Northern Wei Dynasty)太和(Taihe Period)十九年，是少林功夫发展的文化空间。少林功夫最初是佛教僧侣练习的，他的职责是保护寺庙。现在经过1500多年鲜发展，少林功夫已逐步发展成为一种完美技术和丰富含义相融合的艺术，在全世界享有声誉。
Shaolin Kungfu is a kind of martial arts practiced by monks under the special Buddhist culture of the Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng City, Henan Province. The Shaolin Temple, built in the Nineteenth year of Taihe Period during the Northern Wei Dynasty, is a cultural space for the development of the Shaolin Kungfu. The Shaolin Kungfu, which is originally practiced by the Buddhist monks whose duties were to protect the temple, has been gradually developed into an art of perfect technology, abundant meanings and high reputation in the whole world after more than 1500 years of development.
12.筷子(chopsticks)
说到筷子的起源，中国是世界上第一个使用筷子的国家，用筷子吃饭已经有至少3000年的历史了。筷子看起来很简单，只有两根小细棒(thin stick)，但它
有很多功能，比如祧选，移动，夹(nip)，搅拌和挖。此外，它便于使用，价格便宜。而且筷子也是世界上独有的餐具(tableware)。使用筷子的人，无论是中国人还是外国人，都无不铁佩筷子的发明者。
As the origin of chopsticks, China is the first country in the world to use chopsticks and has a history of at least 3,000 years to have meals with chopsticks. Chopsticks seems quite simple with only two small and thin sticks, but it is in possession of many functions, such as picking, moving, nipping, mixing and digging; moreover, it is convenient for use and cheap in price. Besides, chopsticks are also unique tableware in the world. Anyone using chopsticks, no matter Chinese or foreigners, would without exception admire the inventor of chopsticks.
13.中国瓷都
景德镇，中国瓷都(ceramic metropolis)，是世界瓷器艺术花园的耀眼明珠。它位于长江南部，是江南一个有活力的(powerful)城镇。它制造瓷器 (porcelain)的历史有1700多年，已经形成了丰富的瓷器文化传统。稀有的瓷器文物(ceramic relics)，一流的瓷器工艺，独特的瓷器习俗，瓷乐器的优雅表演，以及优美的田园风光(rural scenery)组成了景德镇特别的旅游文化, 而且让景德镇成为中国唯一一个以瓷器文化为特色的旅游城市。
Jingdezhen known as the ceramic metropolis of China is a brilliant pearl in the world's art garden of ceramics. It is located on the south of the Yangtze River as a powerful town on the south of the Yangtze River. It has a history of over 1700 years, which has been crystallized into its rich cultural tradition of porcelain making ceramics. Rare ceramic relics, superb ceramic craftsmanship, unique ceramic customs, graceful performance of ceramic musical instruments and beautiful rural scenery make up the peculiar tourist culture of Jingdezhen and hence make Jingdezhen the only Chinese tourist city featuring ceramic culture.
14.孙大圣
孙大圣是中国古典文学名著《西游记》(Journey to the West)中的一个重要人物。他是唐僧(Tang Monk)的第一个徒弟。其实在中国，他最受欢迎的名字不是“孙大圣”，而是“孙悟空”，这是教他72变(the 72 supernormal abilities)的第一个师傅给他起的名字。“悟”的意思是“觉悟“。“空”的意思是“无”，这是佛学(Buddhism)中最重要的一个认识。在佛学中，人必须放弃欲望和所有对财离、名声的渴望，以培养自己为佛。
Monkey King is one of the main characters in Chinese classic literature masterpiece "Journey to the West". He is the first disciple of Tang Monk. Actually in China, his most popular name is not "Monkey King" but "Sun Wukong", which was given by his first master who taught him the 72 supernormal abilities. "Wu" means enlightening. "Kong" means emptiness, which is one of the most important understandings in Buddhism. In Buddhism, one has to give up every human desire and all attachments to wealth and fame etc, in order to cultivate oneself into a Buddha.
15.中医
中医(traditional Chinese medicine》是世界医学的遗产(heritage)。中医有比西方医学更好的治病方法。因为其独特的医治方式和良好的效果，现在中医在世界上越来越流行了。中医起源于(originate from)古代，已经发展了很长一段时间，它收集了治疗不同疾病的各种方法。传统中医讲究(pay attention to)人们身体系统的平衡。这就是说，一旦人的身体系统平衡，疾病就会消失。身体系统的损害是疾病的根源(source)。
Traditional Chinese medicine is a heritage of world medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine has a power to heal people better than the western ones Traditional Chinese medicine now is more and more popular in the world due to its good effect and its unique way to heal people. Originated from the ancient time, the Chinese medicine has developed in a long time and it has collected various ways to treat different illness. The traditional traditional Chinese medicine pays attention to the balance of the body system of people I his means that once the body system of people is in balance, the illness will disappear. The damage of the body system is the source of disease.
16.独生子女政策
中画政府的教生子女政策（One Child Police）是在1978年才实施(be put into effect)的。相对而言，时间是比较近的。因此，1978年前出生的人很可能有一个或更多的兄弟姐妹(siblings)。该政策并不意味着对每个人都平等.对城市居民的意义更大。农民和中国少数民族(ethnic minorities)是允许生多个孩子的，尤其是如果第一胎是女孩。所以如果你到农村或中国偏远地区(remote region)旅行，你会发现有的家庭不止一个孩子。
The Chinese Government's One Child Policy was put into effect only in 1978. That's relatively recent. So, anyone born before 1978 very likely has one or more siblings. The policy is not intended to cover everyone equally and is meant more for the urban population. Farmers and China's ethnic minorities are allowed more than one child, especially if the first child is a girl. So if you travel to the countryside or into remote regions of China, you'll find some families with more than one child.
17.元宵节
元宵节(Lantern Festival)是在阴历的（lunar）一月十五曰。早在西汉时期，它已经成为具有重要意义的节曰。猜灯笼“谜语”（riddle)。灯笼的主入会将谜语写在一张纸条上并贴在灯笼上。如果游客想到了谜语的答案，他们就将纸条拿下来去灯笼的主人那里査看答案。如果他们答对”，就会得到一份小礼物。这项活动最早出现在宋代。因为猜谜集趣味和智慧手一身、它在社会各阶层(all social levels)之间都很流行。
The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month. As early as the Western Han Dynasty, it had become a festival with great significance. Guessing lantern "riddles" is an essential part of the Festival. Lantern owners write riddles on a piece of paper and post them on the lanterns. If visitors have solutions to the riddles, they can pull the paper out and go to the lantern owners to check their answers. If they are right, they will get a small gift. The activity emerged in the Song Dynasty. As riddle guessing is interesting and full of wisdom, it has become popular among all social levels.
18. 七夕节
七夕节(Double Seventh Festival)，阴历七月七曰，是一个充满浪漫的传统节曰。这个节曰是在盛夏(mid-summer),正当天气暖和，草和树郁郁葱葱(luxurious green)。晚上，当天空点缀着(dot)星星的时候，人们可以看到银河系从北跨越到南。在银河的两边各有一颗明亮的星星遥遥相望。他们就是牛郎(Cowherd)和织女(Weaver Maid)，关于他们,有一个美丽的爱情故事代代相传。
The Double Seventh Festival, on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month, is a traditional festival full of romance. This festival is in mid-summer when the weather is warm and the grass and trees reveal their luxurious greens. At night when the sky is dotted with stars, and people can see the Milky Way spanning from the north to the south. On each bank of it is a bright star, which see each other from afar. They are the Cowherd and Weaver Maid, and about them there is a beautiful love story passed down from generation to generation.
19. 汤圆
象征幸福的圆圆的甜甜的汤圆(dumpling)是在元宵节(Lantern Festival)吃的传统食物。现在，在中国这些汤画也是一种流行的甜点。汤圆有两种：一种是由白糖和红糖(brown sugar)、带香甜味的桂花(osmanthus)、坚果(nut)和芝麻(sesame seed)做的；另一种有肉和蔬菜馅料(fillings)。目前，为追求真正独特的口味(flavor).中国人已经开始在汤圆中加入巧克力，尽管传统上是煮汤圆，但油炸甜汤圆越来越受欢迎。
Round sweet dumplings traditionally are eaten for happiness on the Lantern Festival. Today these dumplings also are one of the popular desserts in China, and come in two varieties: one is made of white and brown sugar, sweet-scented osmanthus, nuts and sesame seeds; the other has meat and vegetable fillings. Recently Chinese have begun adding chocolate for a truly unique flavor, even though boiled dumplings are traditional, fried sweet dumplings are becoming popular.
20. 苗族银饰
苗族妇女通常戴银冠、银手镯(bracelet)、全身都佩戴银链子，而且是越多越好，越重越好，以此来展示自己的美丽和财富。穿着华丽服装的苗族女人，身上的银饰可以重达10到15公斤。饰品(ornament)也可以作为爱情承诺的信物，儿童避邪(ward off evil forces)的吉祥物(mascot)，甚至还可以直接作为货币流通或存储。因此，苗族的银饰不仅是装饰，也是一种植根于苗族社会生活的文化载体(carrier)。
The Miao women usually wear their silver crown, bracelets and chains all over their body, the more and heavier the better, to show their beauty and wealth. The silver ornaments on a Miao woman in magnificent costume can be as heavy as 10 to 15 kilograms. The ornaments can also be used as token of love promise and mascot for children to ward off evil forces, or even tradable or stored directly as money. Therefore, the silver ornaments of Miao are not only decorations, but also a cultural carrier rooted in the social life of the Miaos.
21.黄山
黄山位于安徽省的南部。它有72座山峰，它被认为是世界上最独特(unique),最美丽的山脉之一，是中国十大风景名胜(China’s Top Ten Scenic Spots)里唯一的一座山。在中国，如果你爬山，就爬黄山吧！黄山风景四绝 (four features):云海、怪石、奇松和温泉。黄山，被称为“中国最美的山”，是中国历史上艺术和文学的一部分。现在，游客们、诗人、画家和摄影师都会来这个以壮观风景著名的地方朝圣旅行(pilgrimage)。
Huangshan is located in the south of Anhui province. With its 72 peaks, it is considered one of the most unique and beautiful mountain ranges in the world and it is the only mountain listed in China's Top Ten Scenic Spots. If you climb one mountain in China, let it be Huangshan! Four features of Huangshan Scenery: Sea of clouds, strangely shaped rocks, unusual pine trees, and bubbling hot springs. Huangshan, is known as "the loveliest mountain of China". And it is a part of art and literature in Chinese history. Today visitors, poets, painters and photographers come on pilgrimage to the site, which is renowned for its magnificent scenery.
22.清明
清明是中国的二十四节气(the 24 seasonal division points in China)之一, 每年4月4-6曰。节日过后，温度将会上升，降雨量会增加。这正是春天耕作和播种的好时节。但是清明节不仅是一个指导农活的节气，还是一个纪念(commemoration)的节曰。每到清明节，所有的墓地(cemetery)都挤满了来扫墓(sweep the tomb)和献祭的人。这一习俗现在已经大大简化了。稍稍清扫坟墓后，人们就拿出食物、鲜花和死者最喜爱的东西，然后烧香(incense) 烧纸币，在墓碑牌位(the memorial tablet)前鞠躬.
The Qingming Festival is one of the 24 seasonal division points in China, falling on April 4-6 each year. After the festival, the temperature will rise up and rainfall increases. It is the high time for spring plowing and sowing. But the Qingming Festival is not only a seasonal point to guide farm work, it is more a festival of commemoration. On each Qingming Festival, all cemeteries are crowded with people who came to sweep tombs and offer sacrifices. The customs have been greatly simplified today. After slightly sweeping the tombs, people offer food, flowers and favorites of the dead, then bum incense and paper money and bow before, the memorial tablet.
23.秦始皇
秦始皇是中国统后的第一位皇帝,他成功创建了壮观又巨大的（enormous）建筑工程。他促进了文化和思想上的发展，同时也对中国造成了很大的破坏。应该记住他创造的功绩还是他的暴政(tyranny)是一个很有争议性的问题，但是每个人都应该承认，秦始皇是中国历史上最重要的统治者之一。
Qin Shi Huang was the First Emperor of the unified China. He managed to create magnificent and enormous construction projects. He also caused both incredible cultural and intellectual growth, and much destruction within China. Whether he should be remembered more for his creations or his tyranny is a matter of dispute, but everyone agrees that Qin Shi Huang was one of the most important rulers in Chinese history.
24．赵州桥
赵州桥坐落在汶河上，距离赵县南部约2.5公里。这座桥是在公元605 年至公元616年建造的。赵州桥是由中国著名的匠师(mason)李春设计的，是用石头建造的，长50.82米，宽10米，还有一个不可思议的弧形桥洞，高7.23米,跨度(span)为37.35米。桥上的石头栏杆(railing)和柱子(column) 上雕刻着美丽的龙凤(dragon and phonix〉图案。这座桥是一座空腹式的 (open-spandrel)圆弧形石拱桥，两边有两个小拱，这是中国最早的拱桥(arch bridge)之一,在中国桥梁建筑史上占有重要的地位，让游客和工程师们都很感兴趣。
Zhaozhou Bridge was built on the Jiaohe River about 2.5 kilometers away from south of Zhaoxian county. The bridge was constructed in AD 605-616. The bridge was designed by a well-known Chinese mason, Li Chun, and it's made of stone, 50.82 meters long and 10 meters wide, with an unusual arch that is 7.23 meters high with a span of 37.35 meters. The stone railing and columns on the bridge were carved with beautiful dragon and phoenix designs. One of the earliest Chinese arch bridges with a long open-spandrel arch in the middle and two small arches on each side, this bridge occupies an important place in the history of Chinese bridge building and has been of interest to tourists and engineers alike.
25.杭州
杭州位于中国东南沿海，京杭大运河(Beijing-Huangzhou Grand Canal)的南端，它以其西湖的美丽景观而为人们所熟知。俗话说“上有天堂，下有苏杭”，表达了古往今来的人们对这座美丽城市的由衷赞美(heartfelt admiration)元朝(Yuan Dynasty)时曾被意大利著名旅行家马可，波罗(Marco Polo)赞为“世界上最美丽华贵之城"。西湖拥有三面倚山，一水抱城的自然风光，让普天下的人们对她充满向往，西湖那迷人的自然风光，使之总像一个充满魅力的美人儿，无论是打扮(deck out)简朴(plain)还是衣着华美。
Hangzhou lies in the southeast coast of China. Located at the southern end of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, it is widely known for its beautiful landscape of West Lake. The saying "Upper in heaven is the paradise, lower on the earth are Suzhou and Hangzhou", expressed ancient and modern people's heartfelt admiration for this beautiful city. In Yuan Dynasty the famous Italian traveler Marco Polo referred to |he city as "beyond dispute the finest and the noblest in the world". Nestled in three sides under the hills and opening her arms on one side to the city, West Lake
has all the people under heaven yearn emotionally toward her, with her alluring natural scenery that is always like a charming beauty, whether plain or gaily decked out.
26.秧歌
秧歌是农历正月的主要的民间花市活动。在这种活动中，两人都盛装打扮，轮流唱歌(antiphonal)跳舞，其他人作为唱歌和跳舞的搭档。锣(gong) 鼓按照节奏敲打,唢呐(suona)或其他传统的弦乐器(stringed instrument)、木管乐器(woodwind instrument)作为背景音乐。大多数时候，人们表演秧歌是春节后的前15天。如今，秧歌已蔓延到城市的公园，街道和广场，并演变成城市居民中流行的运动。
Yangge, which is one of the main forms of folk flower fair actions in the first month of the lunar year. In this activity, two people are dressed up, singing and dancing in antiphonal style; others act as singing and dancing partners. The gong and drum are beaten in rhythm; suona or other traditional stringed and woodwind instruments are dubbed in background music. The time when most people perform yangge is the first 15 days after the Chinese New Year. Nowadays, yangge has spread into city parks, streets and squares and evolved into a kind of popular exercise for urban dwellers.
英语四级翻译常用词汇：123个中文高频成语翻译 Automation 1502 YuDeyu 一、复习建议： 1. 加强历史、文化、经济以及社会发展相关热词的积累 2. 广撒网，学习、揣摩这些话题相关的难点单句训练 做这些单句训练时，先阅读1遍整个段落，专门挑出自己觉得比较难翻的句子，然后重点练习这一句的翻译。难句会了，简单句自然不在话下。 在做单句翻译时，先尝试自己翻，翻完以后，对照答案，看解析，总结和揣摩其中好的 词汇和表达。下面请大家跟着教研君给出的常考单句示例，具体学习吧~ 1. 对于大多数年轻人来说，结婚意味着独立组建家庭，然而物价的不断上涨使这一切 变得越来越困难。 参考译文：For most young people, marriage means s etting up a family independently, which has become increasingly difficult because of the constantly rising prices. 词汇点评： 组建家庭：set up a family。有同学容易使用start a family。start a family表示begin to have children“开始生儿育女”。 越来越：一般看到“越来越”大家习惯译为more and more，比如“越来越多的人”more and more people，但译为 a growing number of people可令人眼前为之一亮；而表达“变 得越来越”的含义时，使用become increasingly的译法更好。 物价的不断上涨：constantly rising prices，而不是price rising。 表达点评： 本句是一个表转折关系的并列句，后半句中的“物价的不断上涨使这一切……”中的“这一切”指代前半句中提到的“结婚意味着独立组建家庭”，因此，用which引导的非限制性定语从句，让整个句子简洁明了。 使字句的翻译：“物价的不断上涨”是“这一切变得困难”的原因，因此处理为原因状 语，用because of…来带出原因。 2. 过去十年中国房地产（real estate）行业高速发展。 参考译文：The past decade has witnessed a high-speed development in China's real estate. 词汇点评： 十年：decade 高速发展：develop rapidly; high-speed development 表达点评：
2015大学英语四级翻译常用词组(6) rise to the challenge 接受挑战，迎战 take a chance 冒险;投机 take charge of 管理，接管 lay a claim 要求;主张，自以为 set up a claim to sth. 提出对某事物的要求 combination with 与……结合 seek comfort in 在……中寻找安慰 take comfort in 在……中得到安慰 get command of 控制 take command of 开始担任……的指挥 communication with 与……通讯;与……交流 keep company with 和……结交;和……亲热 keep sb. company 陪伴某人，陪某人同走 make a comparison between 把……进行比较
competition with/against sb. 与某人竞争keep competition between 在……之间进行竞争complaint about/of 对……抱怨 make a complaint against 控告 come to a conclusion 得出结论 have confidence in sb. 信任某人 leave sth. out of consideration 对某事不加考虑rise to the challenge 接受挑战，迎战 take a chance 冒险;投机 take charge of 管理，接管 lay a claim 要求;主张，自以为 set up a claim to sth. 提出对某事物的要求combination with 与...结合 seek comfort in 在...中寻找安慰 take comfort in 在...中得到安慰
汉译英-大学英语四级必看
汉译英 --目的,要求和评分 第一部分: 概述 一、主要目的 1996年以前，全国大学英语四级考试的阅读理解部分一直采用多项选择题型，不能真实地反映考生的水平，不能较好地检测考生是否真正地理解了原文。因此，全国大学英语考试委员会决定在阅读理解部分增设英译汉翻译题，其主要目的在于考核考生对英语书面材料的确切理解能力, 促使学生提高英语的实际动手能力。这无疑给考生提出了更高的要求。 1999年新修订的《大学英语教学大纲》对基础阶段（l～2年级）学生的翻译能力（英译汉）具体要求如下：“能借助词典将难度略低于课文的英语短文译成汉语，理解正确，译文达意，译速为每小时300个英语单词。” 二、具体要求 英译汉一般安排在阅读理解部分之后，每次共4至5题。分别从4篇文章中分别选择1个或2个句子组成，要求考生在15分钟之内将它们译成汉语，每题2分，共计10分。 因此，翻译时考生需参阅整篇文章的大意，理解上下文，以便更好地传达原意。 三、评分标准 根据最新的全国大学英语四级考试大纲公布样题的评分标准，每道英译汉题为2分，具体细化为4个部分，1.5分判给题中3个必须翻译正确的语言点，另外O.5分判给整句翻译的语言结构。 例如：And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind． 第二节答题步骤 英译汉的步骤主要可分为理解、表达和校正3步。理解是表达的基础，表达是双语转换的体现，二者不可分割，没有准确的理解就没有顺畅的表达。尽管全国大学英语四级考试时间比较紧，但校正仍是不可省略的一步。 一、理解 首先是理解句子所关联的主题。由于英译汉翻译题的选句是从语篇中划出句子，其内容必然关联主题。 因此，必须对文章有一个准确的理解。对原文作透彻的理解是翻
汉译英题型重点句型 1）It is＋形容词＋that 例如：it is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演着一个重要的角色。 2）It is＋形容词＋to do/ doing 例如：She had said what it was necessary to say.她已经说了一切有必要说的话。 3）祈使句／名词＋and/ or 例如：Work hard, and you will finally be able to reach your destination.努力工作，你就能实现自己的目标。 4）as＋many/ much＋名词＋as 例如：It is said that visitors spend only half as much money in a day in Leeds as in Lon-don.据说，游客每天在利兹的花销仅为在伦敦的一半。 5）倍数词＋as＋形容词＋as 例如：The reservoir is three times as big as it was ten years ago.这个水库的面积是十年前三倍。 6) 倍数词+ more +名词／形容词十than 例如：Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.吸烟对人体健康的危害极大，每年死于吸烟的人比死于车祸的人多七倍。 7）（not）as/ so... as（和……（不）一样） 例如：The environmental problems are not as serious as they suggested in their report.环境问题没有他们在报告中说得那么严重。 8）no more... than（与……一样不） 例如：She is no more fit to be a manager than a schoolgirl would be.匕个女学生固然不宜当经理，她也同样不宜。 9）Nothing is more... than（没有比……更……的；……是最……的） 例如：Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。 10）感官动词＋of＋名词 例如：They hurriedly escaped into a cave that smelt of terror.他们仓皇地逃人一个充满恐怖气氛的山洞。 11）without/ not so much as（甚至没有） 例如：Disappointed with her husband，Mary left home without so much as looking back at him．出于对丈夫的失望，玛丽离开了家，甚至都没有回头看他一眼。 12）may/ might as well（…as）（与其……还不如……） 例如：One may as well not know a thing at all as know but imperfectly.与其一知半解还不如彻底蒙在鼓里。 13）too.～to.二（太……而不能……；极其地） 例如：It was not too bright of them to settle in an area where earthquakes frequently occur.他们选择在地震多发的地区定居，这可不是个明智的决定。 14）only to find/ see（结果却；没想到会） 例如：He spent almost all his money to buy the hen which was said to be able to lay gold eggs, only to find it could not lay
大学英语四级考试汉译英部分专项练习 1. I wish ________________________________ （我的家乡四季如春） 2. If you had not run the red light, ____________________________ （事故就不会发生了） 3. John couldn't have known the news, _________________________________ （否则他早发出申请了） 4. but for his help, ___________________________________ （我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了） 5. It was necessary that ______________________________ （在居民区设立更多的流动商店） 1. It annoyed him that no sooner ____________________________________ （他刚上车，就发现忘了带钱 包） 2. ______________________________________ （直到所有的证据都摆在他面前）did he confess his crime. 3. Were I in your position, ____________________________ （我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会） 4. Not only ________________________________________ （他们不仅做了音乐表演）, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments. 5. Only after the accident _____________________________ （他才让人对他的车进行了仔细地检查）. 1. _________________________________________________________ By the end of that year, Henry （已收集了一千多张外国邮票） 2.I suppose by the time I come back from abroad all those old houses ____________________________ （将被 拆除） 3.If _____________________________________ （进入一个装满水的浴缸）, some of the water will overflow onto the floor. 4. A broad scientific census says that ____________________________ （地球气候正在明显变暖）. 5. _____________________________________ （接连下了两天大雨）and the ground was very wet. 1. Mary often attempts to escape being fired ______________________________ （每当她违反交通规则的时候）. 2. _______________________________________ （开始看起来模糊不清的事情）might well become clear and organic a third time. 3. The man was left on an isolated island, _______________________________ （他在那里待了半年之久） 4. I 'avleready told you that I 'm going to buy it, __________________________ （无论花多少钱） 5.I'll accept any job ________________________________ （只要无须早起）. 1. Mark often attempts to __________________________________ （逃避母亲的责骂）whenever he does something wrong. 2. The new government was accused of failure to __________________ （实现其降低失业率的承诺） 3._______________________________________ （为了挣钱供我上学），mother often takes on more work than is good for her. 4. He denied ______________________________________ （偷看了同桌的试卷） 5. I don 't mind ________________________________ （你迟作决定） as long as it is not too late. 1. _________________________________________ （其实你没必要穿上你最好的套装） to go to the party; most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters. 2. _______________________________________ （玛丽一定还没有找回她的车），for she came to work
( Here are some of the sample passages for C-E translation. Please have a close study of the sentence structures and word choices. Passage 1 刺绣（embroidery）是中国的民间传统手艺之一，有超过两千年的历史。刺绣就是用针线在织物上绣上（embroider）各种装饰的图案。中国刺绣与养蚕业（sericulture）紧密相连，中国是世界上最早使用蚕丝的国家。刺绣的用途主要包括生活和艺术装饰，如服装、床上用品（bedclothes）、台布和舞台装饰。刺绣在国外也享有很高的声誉，是中国文化的杰出代表之一。 参考译文： Embroidery, one of the traditional folk arts and crafts in China, has a history of more than 2,000 years. It is made by embroidering various decorating patterns on fabrics with needle and thread. Chinese embroidery is closely connected with sericulture, as China is the first country in the world to use silk. Embroidery is mainly used in life and art decoration, such as clothes, bedclothes, table cloth and stage decoration. As one of the outstanding representatives of Chinese culture and art, embroidery enjoys a high reputation
大学英语四级考试汉译英部分专项练习 1.I wish_________________________________(我的家乡四季如春) 2.If you had not run the red light, ______________________________(事故就不会发生了) 3.John couldn’t have known the news, __________________________________ (否则他早发出申请了) 4.but for his help, ____________________________________(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了) 5.It was necessary that ________________________________(在居民区设立更多的流动商店) 1.It annoyed him that no sooner_____________________________________(他刚上车，就发现忘了带钱 包) 2.________________________________________（直到所有的证据都摆在他面前）did he confess his crime. 3.Were I in your position, ______________________________(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会) 4.Not only_________________________________________ (他们不仅做了音乐表演), but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments. 5.Only after the accident______________________________(他才让人对他的车进行了仔细地检查). 1.By the end of that year, Henry _________________________________(已收集了一千多张外国邮票) 2.I suppose by the time I come back from abroad all those old houses_____________________________(将被 拆除) 3.If ______________________________________(进入一个装满水的浴缸), some of the water will overflow onto the floor. 4. A broad scientific census says that ______________________________(地球气候正在明显变暖). 5._____________________________________（接连下了两天大雨）and the ground was very wet. 1. Mary often attempts to escape being fired _______________________________ (每当她违反交通规则的时候). 2._________________________________________（开始看起来模糊不清的事情）might well become clear and organic a third time. 3. The man was left on an isolated island, _________________________________ (他在那里待了半年之久) 4. I’ve already told you that I’m going to buy it, ____________________________ (无论花多少钱) 5.I’ll accept any job_________________________________（只要无须早起）. 1.Mark often attempts to ___________________________________(逃避母亲的责骂)whenever he does something wrong. 2. The new government was accused of failure to _____________________ (实现其降低失业率的承诺) 3.________________________________________（为了挣钱供我上学），mother often takes on more work than is good for her. 4. He denied ________________________________________(偷看了同桌的试卷) 5. I don’t mind ___________________________________(你迟作决定) as long as it is not too late. 1.____________________________________________(其实你没必要穿上你最好的套装) to go to the party; most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.
2016年6月大学英语四级段落翻译预测 大学英语四级段落翻译预测一 别在意外表，因为外表的东西往往不真实，也别在意财富，因为再多的财富也会有用完的一天。找一个能让你绽放笑容的人，因为一个笑容就能让灰暗的一天变得明亮。去做你想做的梦，去你想去的地方，成为你想成为的人，因为人生短暂，机会错过了可能就不会再有。只有不断的尝试才能让你变得强大，永远怀抱希望你才会开心，幸福。 Don’t go for looks which often deceive you. Don’t go for wealth which would be used up however amazing it is. Go for someone who will make you smile because a smile is enough to render a dark day bright. Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; become the one you want to be, because one’s life is short and once you let the chance slip through your fingers it may not come to you again. Only when you keep trying can you become strong; only when you cherish hopes can you remain cheerful and happy. 大学英语四级段落翻译预测二 七夕节——中国人的情人节 中国人也有一天是奉献给爱情的。这就是农历七月初七的七夕节，常被人成为中国的情人节。这一传统浪漫节日源自一个古老的传说：年轻的牛郎和织女分居银河的两岸，终年隔岸苦苦相望而无法相会。玉皇大帝可怜这对恋人，传令天下喜鹊在七月初七这天夜晚全部飞到银河上来。架起鹊桥，好让牛郎、织女在桥上相会。 “Qi Xi Jie” ----Chinese Valentine’s Day The Chinese also have a day devoted to “love” that is “Qi Xi Jie”, or the seventh of the seventh month on the Chinese lunar calendar. Often called “Chinese Valentine’s Day”. This romantic traditional festival originated from a old legend: Niu Lang and Zhi Nv were fairies living on opposite sides of the Milky Way. They have been waiting for each other for a year but can not meet. Feeling sorry for the two lonely sprites, the Jade Emperor ordered all magpies must flock over the Milky Way to form a bridge so that the couple could meet there on the seventh night of the seventh month. 大学英语四级段落翻译预测三 中国人喜欢在一起吃饭，这个传统可以追溯到很久之前。这反映出中国人喜欢团圆、不愿分离的观念——圆桌、圆盘、圆碗都象征着团圆和美满。盘子通常放在桌子的中央，这样
大学英语四级翻译题轻松拿高分十大技巧 翻译的实践性决定了一个事实，即要做好翻译，必须加强这方面的训练，因为大家都明白“熟能生巧”的道理。同时，掌握一定的翻译技巧和方法也是必需的。好的方法不但可以帮助我们解决一些翻译难题，保证我们译文的质量，而且大大地省去了动笔前绞尽脑汁地探求“最佳译法”的过程，为考试节约了宝贵的时间。根据四级考试新题型的特点和要求，我们有针对性地总结了一些对应试有所帮助的翻译技巧和方法，以供大家参考。 1. 词语层次 对单句翻译，主要体现在词语层次方面的翻译，常见的理论有：词语选择法、词义引申法、词义褒贬法、正反译法、词类转换法、增译法、省略法等。 (1) 词语选择法 由于汉语和英语的表达习惯和词语搭配的不同，同一个汉语词语与不同的词语搭配时，英文译文会用到不同的词语来表达。因此，必须根据词汇的搭配关系和句子中充当的成分来确定译文所选词语。 (2) 词义引申法 在翻译过程中，有时会遇到一些无法找到对等英语词汇的情况，这就需要根据其基本词义进行引申。 (3) 词义褒贬法 由于在汉语的表达中褒贬意义通常很明显，而英语词汇中很多词都是中性的，其褒贬含义有时不是很明显，因此在翻译时，要尽量选择能表现褒贬色彩的词语。 (4) 正反译法 由于语言习惯的不同，汉英两种语言在正说与发说方面也常常不同。英语中有些从正面说，汉语则从反面来解释;而对那些从反面说的句子，汉语则可以从正面来解释。 (5) 词类转换法 由于英汉两种语言的结构和表达方式不同，很多情况下，找不到意思对等而且词性相同的词语或短语，这时就必须根据英语的语言表达习惯，对词类进行转换。 (6) 增译法 在翻译时，有时为了使所翻译的译文更符合英语的表达习惯而增加一些必要的词语。指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英
2015年12月大学英语四级汉译英真题 1、中国父母往往过于关注孩子的学习，以至于不要他们帮忙做家务。他们对孩子的首要要求就是努力学习。考得好，能上名牌大学。他们相信这是为孩子好。因为在中国这样竞争激烈的社会里，只有成绩好才能保证前途光明。中国父母还认为，如果孩子能在社会上取得大的成就，父母就会受到尊重。因此，他们愿意牺牲自己的时间、爱好和兴趣，为孩子提供更好的条件。 2、云南省的丽江古镇是中国著名的旅游目的地之一。那里的生活节奏比大多数中国城市都要缓慢。丽江到处都是美丽的自然风光。众多的少数民族同胞提供了各式各样，丰富多彩的文化让游客体验。历史上，丽江还以”爱之城”而闻名。当地人中流传着许多关于因爱而生、为爱而死的故事。如今，在中外游客眼中，这个古镇被视为爱情和浪漫的天堂（paradise）。 3、今年在长沙举行了一年一度的外国人汉语演讲比赛。这项比赛证明是促进中国和世界其他地区文化交流的好方法。它为世界各地的年轻人提供了更好地了解中国的机会。来自87个国家共计126位选手聚集在湖南省省会参加了从7月6日到8月5日进行的半决赛和决赛。比赛并不是唯一的活动，选手们还有机会参观了中国其他地区的著名景点和历史名胜。 4、在帮助国际社会于2030年前消除极端贫困过程中，中国正扮演着越来越重要的角色。自20世纪70年代末实施改革开放以来，中国已使多达四亿人摆脱了贫困。在未来五年中，中国将向其他发展中国家在减少贫困、发展教育、农业现代化、环境保护和医疗保健等方面提供援助。中国在减少贫困方面取得了显著进步，并在促进经济增长方面作出了不懈努力，这将鼓励其他贫困国家应对自身发展中的挑战。在寻求具有自身特色的发展道路时，这些国家可以借鉴中国的经验。 5、最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级，中国现在涉足建造高速列车、远洋船舶、机器人，甚至飞机。不久前，中国获得了在印度尼西亚（Indonesia）建造一条高铁的合同；中国还与马来西亚（Malaysia）签署了为其提供高速列车的合同。这证明人们信赖中国造产品。 中国造产品越来越受欢迎。中国为此付出了代价，但这确实有助于消除贫困，同时还为世界各地的人们提供了就业机会。这是一件好事，值得称赞。下次你去商店时，可能想看一看你所购商品的出产国名。很有可能这件商品是中国造的。 6、在中国，父母总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩子做重要决定，而不管孩子想要什么，因为他们相信这样做是为孩子好。结果，孩子的成长和教育往往屈从于父母的意愿。如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班，以增加其被重点学校录取的机会，他们会坚持自己的决定，即使孩子根本不感兴趣。然而在美国，父母可能会尊重孩子的意见，并在决策时更注重他们
翻译专题（一） 1.Had it not been for your help, ______________（我们绝对不可能） get over the difficulties. 2. This is the very book ________________(19 世纪80年代出版的书), which has greatly influenced people’s views on the world. 3．_____________ （是从汤姆那里）she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist. 4. _______________（我们所需要的）to complete the construction is two million dollars. 5. It is high time we _______________（采取措施） protect the environment. 6．I wish ___________________（能呆在家里） this morning, but I had to go for an interview. 7. Only in an emergency __________________ （这个方案才能被执行）. 8. If you want to see the chairman of the department, you’d better __________________ （与他的秘书约定）first. 9. ________________________（足球比赛是否举行） depends on the weather. 10．________________________（意识到了自己的错误）, her face turned red. 11. He was sitting in the chair, ____________________（读着一本书） 12. ________________________（他对这个计划保持沉默这一事实）made everyone curious. 13. I think she hurt my feelings on purpose rather than by accident _______________（正如她所宣称的那样） 14．The factory’s output this year is __________________（去年的产量的三倍）. 15. Doctors suggest that people ______________（不应该熬夜） even on holidays. 16. ______________________（要是妈妈知道了怎麽办？）Do you think she will get angry? 17. _______________（众所周知）, too much stress can cause disease. 18. _____________（吃的药越多）, the worse I seem to feel. 19. _________________（直到1986 年） that table tennis was accepted as a regular part of the Olympic Games. 20. It was essential that the application forms __________________ （在截至日期
2018年大学英语四级汉译英练习（10） 2018年大学英语四级汉译英练习（10） class=“newsbox” id=“NewsBox” style=“margin: 0px; padding: 10px 0px; border: 0px; clear: both; font-size: 16px; line-height: 28px; font-family: Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体;”> 1. 以退为进式 On earth there is nothing great but man; and in man there is nothing great but mind. (Hamilton ) 世界上，没有什么比人更伟大，而对于人来说，没有什么比精神更伟大。 在你考试写作文时，也可以用这种方式来分步把你的观点说出来，这种句子体现了一种智慧上的美。另外nothing but(只有)句型我们要熟练掌握。 I have nothing but compassion for your situation. Nothing but determination will get us through this. 2. 精力无穷式 Live as though you intend to live forever, and work as though your strength were limitless. (S. Bernhardt ) 要这样生活，仿佛你寿命永恒;要这样工作，仿佛你精力无穷。(波恩哈特) 是个很生动的句型，很有文学魅力，可以背会用来鼓励大家努力。用在最后一段的开头，可以画龙点睛。
大学英语四级翻译答题技巧及答题步骤 一、答题技巧 现代翻译理论认为，句子是最重要的翻译单位。大学英语四级考试中的翻译题型也是以句子翻译为主。考生如果能够熟练掌握句子翻译的基本方法，那么对于处理四级考试中的句子翻译题必将是如虎添翼。下面我们来介绍几种常用的翻译技巧： （一）分句、合句法 很多情况下，翻译句子的时候，需要调整原来的句子结构，分句法和合句法是调整原文句子的两种重要的方法。所谓分句法就是把原文的一个简单句译为两个或两个以上的句子。所谓合句法就是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句。 １．分句法 汉译英时，需要分译的句子多数是长句，或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句，就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚，也不符合英文习惯。如果采用分译，则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。 （1）从主语变换处断句 [例1]与会者对这个问题的观点差别太大，以致发生了争吵，一时会场的气氛紧张起来。 The opinions of the attendants about this issue were far from unanimous so that some of them began to quarrel with each other．The atmosphere at the meeting became tense at the moment． （2）从关联词(如转折处)断句 [例2]昨天出了好几起交通事故，或许是因为有大雾的缘故吧！ There were several traffic accidents yesterday．Maybe because of the heavy fog． （3）从意义完整、独立处断句 [例3]一转眼，20年就这样过去了，回首往事，是幸福，还是惆怅，恐怕连自己也难以搞清。 Twenty years has elapsed in the twinkling of an eye．When looking back，I’m afraid that we won’t know what we can find in the past，happiness or sadness? （4）原文出现总说或分述时要断句 [例4]我们恢复和采取这些贸易方式的原因很简单：因为我们出口商品就是为了我们国外客户的需要。 The reason why we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple． Our export commodities are for the use and consumption of our foreign customers． （5）为了强调语气而采用断句 【例5】我们主张对我国神圣领土台湾实行和平统一，有关的政策，也是众所周知和不会改变的，并且正
汉译英 --目的,要求和评分 第一部分: 概述 一、主要目的 1996年以前，全国大学英语四级考试的阅读理解部分一直采用多项选择题型，不能真实地反映考生的水平，不能较好地检测考生是否真正地理解了原文。因此，全国大学英语考试委员会决定在阅读理解部分增设英译汉翻译题，其主要目的在于考核考生对英语书面材料的确切理解能力, 促使学生提高英语的实际动手能力。这无疑给考生提出了更高的要求。 1999年新修订的《大学英语教学大纲》对基础阶段（l～2年级）学生的翻译能力（英译汉）具体要求如下：“能借助词典将难度略低于课文的英语短文译成汉语，理解正确，译文达意，译速为每小时300个英语单词。” 二、具体要求 英译汉一般安排在阅读理解部分之后，每次共4至5题。分别从4篇文章中分别选择1个或2个句子组成，要求考生在15分钟之内将它们译成汉语，每题2分，共计10分。 因此，翻译时考生需参阅整篇文章的大意，理解上下文，以便更好地传达原意。 三、评分标准 根据最新的全国大学英语四级考试大纲公布样题的评分标准，每道英译汉题为2分，具体细化为4个部分，1.5分判给题中3个必须翻译正确的语言点，另外O.5分判给整句翻译的语言结构。 例如：And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind． 第二节答题步骤 英译汉的步骤主要可分为理解、表达和校正3步。理解是表达的基础，表达是双语转换的体现，二者不可分割，没有准确的理解就没有顺畅的表达。尽管全国大学英语四级考试时间比较紧，但校正仍是不可省略的一步。 一、理解 首先是理解句子所关联的主题。由于英译汉翻译题的选句是从语篇中划出句子，其内容必然关联主题。 因此，必须对文章有一个准确的理解。对原文作透彻的理解是翻译的关键。因此必须注意下面几点：