美国作家爱伦坡介绍
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简介(百度)侦探小说(detective story)鼻祖、科幻小说(science fiction)先驱之一、恐怖小说(horror fiction)大师、短篇哥特小说巅峰、象征主义(s ymbolism)先驱之一,唯美主义(aes theticism)者。
受到过爱伦·坡影响的主要人物有:柯南·道尔、波德莱尔、斯特芳·马拉美、儒勒·凡尔纳、罗伯特·路易斯·斯蒂文森、希区柯克、蒂姆·伯顿、江户川乱步等。
爱伦·坡最著名的文艺理论是―效果论‖。
坡力图在自己的作品中先确立某种效果,再为追求这种效果而思考创作。
他在《怪异故事集》序中称―自己的作品绝大部分都是深思熟虑的苦心经营‖。
爱伦·坡、安布鲁斯·布尔斯(1842~1914?)和H.P.洛夫克拉夫特(1890~1937)并称为美国三大恐怖小说家。
埃德加·爱伦·坡(英语:Edgar Allan Poe;1809年1月19日-1849年10月7日),美国作家、诗人、编者与文学评论家,被尊崇是美国浪漫主义运动要角之一,以悬疑、惊悚小说最负盛名。
爱伦·坡是美国的短篇小说家先锋之一,并被公认是推理小说的创造者,甚至被视为科幻小说的共同催生者之一[1]。
他是第一位众所周知、仅以创作一职糊口的美国作家,并因此长陷于经济困难与不顺遂之中[2]。
Edgar Allan Poe (born Edgar Poe, January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American author, poet, editor and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic Movement. Best known for his tales of mystery and the macabre, Poe was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story and is considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre. He is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction.[1] He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.[2]Literary influenceDuring his lifetime, Poe was mostly recognized as a literary critic. Fellow critic James Russell Lowell called him "the most discriminating, philosophical, and fearless critic upon imaginative works who has written in America", though he questioned if he occasionally used prussic acid instead of ink.[100] Poe was also known as a writer of fiction and became one of the first American authors of the 19th century to become more popular in Europe than in the United States.[101] Poe is particularly respected in France, in part due to early translations by Charles Baudelaire. Baudelaire's translations became definitive renditions of Poe's work throughout Europe.[102]Poe's early detective fiction tales featuring C. Auguste Dupin laid the groundwork for future detectives in literature. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle said, "Each [of Poe's detective stories] is a root from which a whole literature has developed.... Where was the detective story until Poe breathed the breath of life into it?"[103] The Mystery Writers of America have named their awards for excellence in the genre the "Edgars".[104] Poe's work also influenced science fiction, notably Jules Verne, who wrote a sequel to Poe's novel The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket called An Antarctic Mystery, also known as The Sphinx of the Ice Fields.[105] Science fiction author H. G. Wells noted, "Pym tells what a very intelligent mind could imagine about the south polar region a century ago."[106]Like many famous artists, Poe's works have spawned innumerable imitators.[107] One interesting trend among imitators of Poe, however, has been claims by clairvoyants or psychics to be "channeling" poems from Poe's spirit. One of the most notable of these was Lizzie Doten, who in 1863 published Poems from the Inner Life, in which she claimed to have "received" new compositions by Poe's spirit. The compositions were re-workings of famous Poe poems such as "The Bells", but which reflected a new, positive outlook.[108]Even so, Poe has received not only praise, but criticism as well. This is partly because of the negative perception of his personal character and its influence upon his reputation.[101]William Butler Yeats was occasionally critical of Poe and once called him "vulgar".[109]Transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson reacted to "The Raven" by saying, "I see nothing in it"[110] and derisively referred to Poe as "the jingle man".[111]Aldous Huxley wrote that Poe's writing "falls into vulgarity" by being "too poetical"—the equivalent of wearing a diamond ring on every finger.[112]It is believed that only 12 copies of Poe's first book, Tamerlane and Other Poems, have survived. In December 2009, one copy sold at Christie's, New York for $662,500, a record price paid for a work of American literature.[113]中国人较系统地译介爱伦·坡比法国人晚了80余年,但却几乎应验了坡160年前引用过的一段文字。
活埋:爱伦·坡爱伦·坡是一位著名的美国作家,他以其深沉的文风和独特的想象力而闻名于世。
他的作品涵盖了恐怖、悬疑、侦探、浪漫主义等多个领域,而其中最著名的作品之一就是《活埋》。
《活埋》的故事背景设定在19世纪的欧洲,主人公是一个名叫伊丽莎的女性。
伊丽莎因为家族的传统信仰而在家乡克里斯蒂奥的小村庄结婚。
她的丈夫格里戈是个善解人意的人,深爱着伊丽莎。
他的家族传统却让这段婚姻变得扑朔迷离。
伊丽莎和格里戈的婚后生活并不如意,她觉得自己常常被阴影笼罩,生活在一种窒息的氛围之中。
而这种压抑的氛围正是因为她的祖父在年轻时因为一场不幸的恋情,被活埋而死。
那个时候,她的祖父深深地爱上了一个女孩,但是由于一些偶然的事件,他被误以为死了,结果被活埋在了一个棺材里。
幸运的是,他被发现的时候还没死,但是他的心灵却永远地受到了伤害。
他对后代的影响是深远的。
而伊丽莎正是那个受到祖父遗忘恶魔式的胎教的后代之一。
在婚姻陷入困境之后,伊丽莎愈发地感到孤独、绝望和痛苦。
她开始沉溺于对活埋的恐惧和幻觉之中,整个人变得神经质和疑神疑鬼。
在经历过一系列的心理折磨和恐惧之后,她开始产生了自己被活埋的幻觉,整个人陷入疯狂之中。
而这种疯狂带来的恐惧和绝望却成为了这个故事的核心所在。
《活埋》的故事不但展示了爱伦·坡对于恐怖和绝望的深刻理解,而且也展现了他对于人性的深刻关注。
在整个故事中,伊丽莎的内心世界是作为主线贯穿其中的。
她在抗拒着那个潜伏在自己心中的恐惧,同时又在迷失于自己心魔之中。
那种对于绝望和恐惧的真实描绘让人们对于这个故事的共鸣更加深刻。
与此爱伦·坡还通过《活埋》深刻地揭示了人性的一面。
他通过伊丽莎的悲剧遭遇,揭示了人对于恐惧的扭曲和无力,也让读者对自己的内心世界产生了更深刻的反思。
伊丽莎在与活埋抗争的过程中,她的内心世界扭曲和变形,她渐渐变得疯狂和无法自拔。
这种真实而令人心酸的描绘,不但展现了爱伦·坡对人性的深刻理解,而且也让这个故事的艺术价值更加深刻。
爱伦坡黑猫简介《爱伦坡黑猫》是美国作家爱德加·爱伦·坡于1843年创作的一部短篇小说。
这部小说以奇异的氛围、复杂的情节和深刻的心理描写而闻名。
故事讲述了一个人在酗酒之后逐渐陷入疯狂,倾向于暴力,并且受到一只黑猫的追逐。
这部作品探索了人类的心理黑暗面和疯狂的本质,是爱伦·坡文学风格的典型代表之一。
故事梗概故事以名为普路托的叙述者开始,以第一人称的形式讲述他自己的不幸和疯狂。
普路托是一个善良的人,但却因为酗酒问题而患上了疾病。
他的性格开始变得孤僻和易怒,逐渐变成了一个暴力倾向的人。
在他家中,普路托和他的妻子养了一只名叫普拉顿的黑猫。
尽管普拉顿曾经是普路托最喜欢的伴侣,但随着普路托疯狂的程度加深,他开始对普拉顿表现出敌意。
最终,他深深地恨上了这只猫,最终动手杀死了它。
在普拉顿的死后,另一只黑猫出现在普路托面前。
这只猫长得和普拉顿一模一样,除了一点——它的毛发上有一个白色的斑点。
普路托试图忽略这只猫,但它却不断地出现在他的家中,甚至出现在他的梦中。
在短暂的宁静之后,普路托的家开始受到神秘的火灾侵扰,并且他的妻子也因为意外而死亡。
普路托开始深陷疯狂,不断追逐那只黑猫。
无论他逃到哪里,这只猫永远都会找到他。
最终,普路托变得彻底疯狂,他把这只黑猫当成了自己唯一的敌人,试图将其杀死。
然而,在他的冲动中,他不小心用斧头杀死了他的妻子。
结局故事的结局揭示了普路托的真实状态。
他的家被警察包围,而他自己因为谋杀被捕。
然而,在他被处决之前,他发现那只黑猫的画像画在了墙上。
画像中,猫站在一个绞刑架上,上面有一根奇怪的细绳,和普拉顿的尸体一模一样。
看到这幅画像,普路托意识到,他曾经杀死的那只猫是普拉顿的复仇之魂,而他的谋杀行为只是复仇的结果。
主题与分析《爱伦坡黑猫》以其深刻的心理描写和复杂的情节而闻名。
它探索了人类的心理黑暗面和疯狂的本质。
故事中,普路托的酗酒问题导致了他的心理和道德堕落,最终使他堕入疯狂的深渊。
埃德加爱伦坡英文介绍Edgar Allan Poe was an American writer, editor, and literary critic who is best known for his macabre and Gothic tales. He was born on January 19, 1809, in Boston, Massachusetts, and died on October 7, 1849, in Baltimore, Maryland. Poe's works are characterized by their dark themes, vivid imagery, and psychological depth, and he is considered one of the pioneers of the detective fiction genre.One of Poe's most famous works is "The Raven," a poem that tells the story of a man who is visited by a mysterious raven that drives him to madness. The poem's haunting refrain of "Nevermore" has become one of the most famous lines in American literature. Another well-known work by Poe is "The Tell-Tale Heart," a short story about a man who is driven to murder by the sound of his victim's beating heart.In addition to his fiction, Poe also wrote influentialliterary criticism, including his famous essay "The Philosophy of Composition," in which he discusses histheory of writing and the process of creating a work of art. Poe believed that a work of literature should be short, focused, and have a single, unified effect on the reader.Poe's personal life was marked by tragedy and hardship. He struggled with poverty and alcoholism throughout hislife, and his wife, Virginia Clemm, died of tuberculosis at a young age. Despite these challenges, Poe continued towrite prolifically and his work has had a lasting impact on American literature.Overall, Edgar Allan Poe's contributions to literature are significant and enduring. His unique style and dark themes have inspired generations of writers and readers,and his work continues to be studied and celebrated to this day. Poe's legacy as a master of the macabre and a pioneerof the short story and detective fiction genres is secure, and he remains one of the most influential and iconicfigures in American literary history.。
爱伦坡短篇小说选集的主要内容《爱伦坡短篇小说选集》是侦探小说鼻祖的作品,推理小说的开山之作。
五篇短篇侦探小说开创了后世侦探小说的五种常见形式。
下面是店铺为大家整理的爱伦坡短篇小说选集的主要内容,希望大家喜欢。
爱伦坡短篇小说选集的主要内容爱伦·坡著有小说《怪诞故事集》、《黑猫》、《莫格街谋杀案》等。
论文有《写作的哲学》、《诗歌原理》。
1841年发表的《莫格街谋杀案》是公认为最早的侦探小说。
内容写密室凶杀,凶手居然是猩猩。
1842年发表的《玛丽·罗杰神秘案件》,纯粹用推理形式破案。
其他如《金甲虫》、《你就是杀人凶手》、《被盗窃的信》等五部小说成功创造了五种推理小说模式,(密室杀人、安乐椅上的纯推理侦探、破解密码诡计、侦探即是凶手及心理破案、人的盲点)塑造了业余侦探奥古斯特·杜平这一艺术典型。
爱伦坡短篇小说选集作者爱伦·坡(1809——1849)美国作家、文艺评论家。
出身演员家庭。
提倡“为艺术而艺术”,宣扬唯美主义、神秘主义。
受西欧尤其法国资产阶级文学颓废派影响最大。
小说有《怪诞故事集》、《黑猫》、《莫格街谋杀案》等。
论文有《写作的哲学》、《诗歌原理》。
1841年发表的《莫格街谋杀案》是公认为最早的侦探小说。
内容写密室凶杀,凶手居然是猩猩。
1842年发表的《玛丽·罗杰神秘案件》,纯粹用推理形式破案。
其他如《金甲虫》、《你就是杀人凶手》、《被盗窃的信》等五部小说成功创造了五种推理小说模式,(密室杀人、安乐椅上的纯推理侦探、破解密码诡计、侦探即是凶手及心理破案、人的盲点)塑造了业余侦探奥古斯特·杜平这一艺术典型。
爱伦·坡被誉为“侦探小说的鼻祖”。
其小说风格怪异离奇,充满恐怖气氛。
以上就是店铺为大家整理的爱伦坡短篇小说选集的主要内容,希望大家喜欢。
浅析爱伦坡在《黑猫》中哥特式的写作手法1. 引言1.1 爱伦坡简介埃德加·爱伦·坡(Edgar Allan Poe,1809-1849),美国著名诗人、小说家、文学评论家。
他的作品以神秘、恐怖、悲伤为特点,被誉为“哥特小说大师”。
爱伦坡擅长运用心理描写和象征手法,通过讲述诡异的故事来探讨人性的阴暗面。
他的创作对美国乃至世界文学产生了深远的影响。
1.2 《黑猫》背景介绍《黑猫》(The Black Cat)是爱伦坡创作于1843年的一部短篇小说。
这部作品讲述了一个名叫普尔的酒鬼,因妻子阻止他虐待一只黑猫而将该猫杀害,随后又误杀了妻子并砌墙藏尸。
最终,黑猫的尸体被发现,使普尔罪行败露的故事。
1.3 研究目的与意义通过对爱伦坡在《黑猫》中的哥特式写作手法进行分析,旨在揭示其独特的艺术魅力,进一步探讨哥特式文学在恐怖氛围营造、人物心理描写等方面的特点,以及对后世文学创作的影响。
此外,本研究还旨在为我国哥特式文学创作提供借鉴和启示。
2. 爱伦坡哥特式写作手法概述2.1 哥特式文学特点哥特式文学源于18世纪末的英国,以恐怖、神秘、超自然和古堡等元素为特点,强调氛围的营造和人物的心理刻画。
哥特式文学作品通常充满紧张、压抑的氛围,以及对人性阴暗面的深入探讨。
2.2 爱伦坡哥特式写作手法爱伦坡是美国哥特式文学的代表性作家,其作品以恐怖、死亡、超自然等主题为核心,运用独特的哥特式写作手法,展现了一种令人毛骨悚然的艺术魅力。
他的哥特式写作手法主要包括以下几个方面:1.独特的叙述视角:爱伦坡善于运用第一人称叙述,使读者更容易进入故事情境,感受到主人公的内心世界。
2.恐怖氛围的营造:通过细腻的描绘和象征手法,爱伦坡将恐怖氛围渲染得淋漓尽致。
3.情节设置与悬念:爱伦坡擅长运用出人意料的情节转折和紧张的悬念,增强故事的吸引力。
4.人物形象与心理描写:通过对人物内心世界的深入剖析,展现人性的复杂和阴暗面。
2.3 爱伦坡在《黑猫》中的哥特式表现《黑猫》是爱伦坡哥特式写作手法的典型代表。
爱伦·坡:精神世界的探索者爱伦坡自幼父母双亡,被一富商收养,早早饱受人间冷暖、世道艰辛。
曾受过贵族化教育,后来化名参加西点军校,因不堪忍受严格校规的约束,故意触犯校规。
方把他开除。
爱伦坡生性乖戾,这大概是由于天性洒脱同养父的严厉管教相抵触的结果。
但他酷爱读书,富于想象,对诗歌有特殊的兴趣。
18岁发表了第一部诗集。
爱伦坡生活坎坷,特别是1847年爱妻病故,从此一蹶不振,嗜酒成性,精神失常。
爱伦坡的一生穷愁潦倒,备尝辛劳忧患,无论在他生前还是死后,在国内都没有受到应有的重视,外界对他的评价也褒贬不一,直到到20世纪才得到美国本土的承认。
在他短短一生中写下的不少作品里,无论是他的诗歌还是小说都反映了美的幻灭,希望的渺茫,忧郁的怪异。
在他的小说中,刻意描写了人的内心世界,探讨为世人所忽略的精神状态,致力于描绘现实和幻梦两者交界地带的状貌,从而扩展了文学的广度和深度。
正是在小说这个领域中爆发出了他的天才的荒诞性。
为了达到预设的效果,爱伦坡在创作中总是精心雕琢巧妙构思,制造惊险恐怖的强烈效果,这使他成为美国哥特式小说的创始人。
例如《厄舍尔古屋的倒塌》,为了达到预设的效果,作者开首就作了铺陈:阴郁破败的古宅,阴森的水池,漆黑的地板,破朽的家具,一切都无不透露着阴森诡异之气。
小说中的孪生兄妹一个肉体在腐烂,一个精神在解体,都患有不可名状的不治之症,有一种无法解释的病态心理。
哥哥把未死的妹妹提前埋葬,在一个风雨交加的夜晚。
妹妹破棺而出死在哥哥怀里,古屋突然倒塌,至此恐怖气氛达到高潮,故事戛然而止。
故事字句和段落环环相扣,在古屋和人的相互衬托中,使故事叙述者和读者一起意识到古屋和其主人不可避免的毁灭性厄运。
在《泄密的心》《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》等作品中,尤其擅长的是描写人格中被忽略的病态或阴暗方面和对人心理的细腻描写,正是如此美国文学批评界才认为这是他创作天才的最高表现。
爱伦坡主张,在一首诗,或者一篇故事中,每一个字,每句话,每一个细节都必须有助于实现整个作品的预期效果。
Unit Two
American Romanticism: from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War
Reasons (Why Romanticism emerged?)
1.) Fast development of the new nation (flood of immigrants; pioneers pushing the frontier
further west; industrialization; economic boom; a promising new land with prevailed盛
行的 optimistic moods)
2.) Development of jounalism (Some influential periodicals appeared, such as The Atlantic
Monthly. They need more literary productions.)
3.) Foreign influence (Review history of English literature.)(from the 18th century classicism
to sentimentalism伤感主义 to Pre-Romanticism to Romanticism which can be divided into
passive group and active group)(most influential British writers to American
Romanticists----Walter Scott)
3. Features of American Romanticism
1) Imitative
2) Independent
3) peculiar American experience (landscape, pioneering to the West, Indian civilization,
new nation's democracy and dreams)
4) Puritan heritage (more moralizing, edifying教化 more than mere entertainment)
(careful about love and sex. example: The Scarlet Letter)
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)
. His poems are “word music.” Love, among is a recurring theme of his poetry, and his tone is
often sad and melancholy.
His literary theories in poetry
To Poe, the most important purpose in poetry is the creation of beauty. The immediate object of
poetry is pleasure, not truth. the poem should be short and readable at one sitting (a short
period)
his short stories fall into two categories: those of mystery and horror; and those of
ratiocination推理
The most fascinating aspect of Poe’s fiction is his deductive skill, he has been often regarded as the
father of the modern short story he wrote about dying ladies, about sickness, about abnormal rather
than normal love. His subjects and settings are either universal or exotic.
To Helen: becomes a symbol both of beauty and of frustration, a romantically idealized, yet
inaccessible image of the heart’s desire.
Style : The language is concise with short sentences without much introduction of the background
or characters so to approach the climax of the story soon. contrast and symbolism, puns which
also help to make his story unique.