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【例 2】 Everybody except Mike and Linda __w_a_s___ (be) there when the meeting began.(2016·泰安) 解析:本题考查主谓一致。主语是 Everybody,谓 语动词应用第三人称单数形式;由 when the meeting began 可知句子应使用一般过去时。
【例 4】 —Mom, one third of the apples __h_a_v_e___ (have, has) gone bad. —We’d better eat up the rest as soon as possible. (2016·内江) 解析:本题考查主谓一致。 “分数+of+名词”结 构作主语时,谓语动词和 of 后的名词保持一致,根 据题干中的 the apples 可知,故应填 have。
要点梳理Biblioteka 第 33 课 主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上 保持一致。
主谓一致的考查范围主要为:学科名词;表示时 间、长度、价格、质量等短语;the+姓氏名词的复 数;一些以 s 结尾的不可数名词(如 news 等);以及不 定代词+名词(both of, neither of)作主语时的单、复数 含义;主语后带有 with, except, along with 等介词短 语;就近原则(如 not only... but also...,there be 句型等)。
【例 5】 —Do you need more time to complete work? —Yes. Another twelve days ____is____(be) enough. (2016·广东) 解析:考查主谓一致。ten days 看成一个整体,表 示“十二天的时间”,故而应该填入 is。
6.观察与思考 Every boy and every girl has an apple in their hands. 归纳:every..., every...and every..., each...,each...and each...作主语时,谓语动词用__单__数____。 7.观察与思考 Every one of us likes travelling. 归纳:one, every one, each, each one, anyone, neither, either + of + 复 数 名 词 作 主 语 时 , 谓 语 动 词 用 __单__数____。
三、就近原则 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最
邻近它的名词、代词等词的数。 1. 观察与思考 (1)There is a book and two pens are on the desk (2)There are two pens and a book on the desk. 归纳:用于 there, here 引导的句子中,其后所跟名 词不止一个时,谓语动词通常与邻近的主语保持一 致。
【例 7】 The writer and speaker _is_g_i_v_i_n_g_(give) a speech on Chinese culture in the hall now. (2016·黄 石) 解析:本题考查动词时态和主谓一致。结合本题语 境可知,那位作家兼演说家正在报告厅中作关于中 国文化的演讲,由此可知要用现在进行时;主语是 The writer and speaker,指的是同一个人,作主语时, 对应的 be 动词要用 is。
4.观察与思考 Eating apples is good for our health. 归纳:非谓语动词(to do, doing 等)短语或从句作主 语时,谓语动词常用___单_____数。 5.观察与思考 Everything is ready. 归纳:不定代词 each, another, the other, either, neither 或由 some, any, no, every+one 或 thing 构成复合不定 代词作主语时,谓语动词用__单__数____形式。
9.观察与思考 (1)The glasses are on the desk. (2)This pair of glasses is mine. 归纳:名词 glasses, shoes, pants, clothes, trousers 等 作主语时,谓语动词必须用__复__数____。但是,如果 这 些 名 词 被 a pair of 修 饰 时 , 谓 语 动 词 需 用 ___单_数____。
2.观察与思考
Both Jim and Tom are students. 归纳:当 and 或 both...and...连接两个或两个以上名 词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应用___复_____数形 式。
3.观察与思考 Mary with her children is going shopping now. 归纳:主语后跟有 with, together with, as well as, without, including, besides, except, but 等引导的短语 作插入语时,谓语动词应与主语保持一致,而跟插 入语__无__关____。
4. 观察与思考 (1)The people in my hometown are very friendly. (2)The furniture in this shop is expensive. 归纳:集体名词(如:people, police 等)作主语时谓 语动词应用__复__数____,但 traffic, clothing, furniture 等无生命的集体名词作主语时,谓语动词应用 __单__数____。
二、意义一致原则 1. 观察与思考 (1)My family is a big family. (2)My family are watching TV now. 归纳:集体名词(如:family, class, crowd, group)作 主语时,谓语动词的单复数根据语法的意思来决 定。如表示整体概念,谓语动词用__单__数____;如表 示集体中的成员,谓语动词用__复__数____。
2. 观察与思考 (1)The number of the students is becoming larger. (2)A number of students are working hard. 归纳:“the number of+名词(……的数量)”作主语 时,谓语动词用__单__数____;由“a number of+名词 (许多……)”作主语时,谓语动词用__复__数____。
2. 观察与思考 Ten days isn’t a long time for me. 归纳:表示__时__间____、金钱、距离、重量、长度等 的复数名词作主语时,通常被看作是一个整体,谓 语动词用___单__数___形式。 3. 观察与思考 I don’t think the news today is true. 归纳:以 s 结尾的名词(如:news, physics)本身不具 备复数意义时,谓语动词应用__单__数____形式。
8.观察与思考 (1)None of us are/is from Japan. (2)None of the water is clean enough. 归纳:None of+复数名词,谓语动词可用__单__数____ 或___复__数___,但 none of+不可数名词作主语时,谓 语动词用___单__数___。
【例 1】 Doing eye exercises ___i_s____(be) one of the useful ways to protect our eyes.(2016·哈尔滨) 解析:本题考查主谓一致。句中的主语是 Doing eye exercises,当主语是动名词(短语)时,谓语动词要用 第三人称单数形式,故填 is。
10.观察与思考 The old are often looked after well in China. 归纳:“the+形容词/过去分词”表示一类人(如: the rich, the poor, the living)作主语时,谓语动词应 用__复__数____。
11.观察与思考 (1)A lot of people are doing sports in the park. (2)A lot of food has been wasted by us. 归纳:a lot of(lots of),plenty of, most of, the rest of, all of, 百分比(80 percent of)分数(one third of)+名 词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于___名__词_____ 的单复数。
5. 观察与思考 One and two is three. 归纳:数学运算作主语时,谓语动词应用__单__数____。 6. The United States is far from China. 归纳:专有名词(如:the United States, the New Times, the United Nations 等)作主语时,谓语动词应用 __单__数____。
【例 3】 This pair of shoes ___f_it_s___(fit) me well, but the shoes ___a_r_e___(be) expensive. (2016·巴中) 解析:本题考查主谓一致。shoes 为复数,谓语动 词为复数;但当前面有 this pair of 修饰时,谓语动 词用单数。
四、特例 1. 观察与思考 (1)The population of Shanghai is very large.
(2)One third of the population are from China. 归纳:population 作为整体时,其谓语动词应用 ___单__数___,而当其表示“人口中的一部分”时,其 谓语动词应用__复__数____。