2018高考英语语法复习十一：助动词与情态动词 16开

高考语法——情态动词(can, may, must…)与助动词（be, do, have）一、“情态动词+动词完成式”用法1. may (might)+动词完成式：对过去行为的推测E.g. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.2. can (could) +动词完成式:1) 表示对过去能做而未做的事，表示惋惜。

E.g. In those circumstances we could have done better.2) 对过去行为的推测E.g. Where can (could) she have gone?注意：can't和couldn't+动词原形：可以表示否定推断。

E.g. He can't be the President.3. must +动词完成式: 对过去行为的推断，具有极大可能性，意为“一定”E.g. He must have undergone an ordeal no one can imagined.注意：“must + 动词原形”表示对现在行为的推测；“must be +现在分词”表示对现在正在进行的或未来的推测。

E.g. She looks happy; she must be having a good time.It must be raining tomorrow according to the weather forecast.4. “needn't + 动词完成式”和“didn't need to do”1) “needn't + 动词完成式”表示一种已经做过的但无必要的行为E.g. You needn't have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.2) "didn't need to do" 表示没有必要做，实际上也没有做的行为E.g. I didn't need to mop the floor. My mom did it.5. "Should + 动词完成式"：肯定结构表示应该做的事而没有做，否定式表示某行为不该发生却发生了。

助动词的用法总结及讲解一．助动词：情态助动词，基础助动词助动词的定义：助动词和情态动词都是英语中特殊动词，即：不能再句子中独立充当句子成分。

而是与实义动词一起使用构成复合用语。

常配合主要动词，协助构成否定句，疑问句，强调句，时态，语态等语法形式。

基础助动词有：be, do情态助动词基本用法总结：二．助动词的功能助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：a. 表示时态，例如：What are you reading?（你正在阅读什么？）I am reading a magazine.（我正在阅读杂志。

）He is singing. 他在唱歌。

We are working hard in the garden.（构成现在进行时）b. 构成疑问句，例如：Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？Do you live in Shanghai?c. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。

助动词练习一． +句子剩余部分。

1.2.She is a lovely girl. ________________________________________3.We are classmates. ______________________________________4.I am a doctor. ________________________________________5.There is a bird in the tree. ________________________________6.They are good friends. ____________________________________7.I love my parents. _______________________________________9. We have a pleasant home. _______________________________10.They go to church on Sunday. _____________________________11.You are a singer. ______________________________二. 用do does be 填空1． _____ she know all the answers ?Yes , she ____ . No, she _____.2． _____ the twins often fight ?Yes ,_____ do. No, _____ don’t.3． _____ your dad like listening to music?Yes ,____ does . No, _____ doesn’t.4． _____ you have a new teacher?Yes , I ______. No, I ______.5． _____ she a teacher?Yes, she _____ . No, she _____.6． _____ your father smoking in the living room?Yes, ____ is .No, he _____.情态助动词练习二．选择1.（）－Dad, may I watch TV?－No, you can’t. You _______ finish your homework first.A. mustB. canC. may2.( ) —Must I be home before eight o'clock, Mum?— No, you_____. But you have to come back before ten o'clock.A. needn'tB. can'tC. mustn't3.( ) —_________ I borrow your history book?—Sure. Here you are.A. MustB. MayC. NeedD. Will4.（） you like some bread ?A . Would B. Could C . Can5.（）We throw the waste in the zoo.A. can’tB. don'tC. mustn’t6. ( ) We should more flowers, and we shoul dn’t cut any flowers.A. plantB. plantingC. plants7. ( ) May I have some water?A. Yes,you have.B. Yes,you can.C. Yes,certainly.8. ( ) Shall we work on the farm ?A. Yes, we do.B. Yes, we shall. B. All right.9. ( ) Would you have something to announce?A. Yes, we would.B. Yes, I’d like .C.Yes, of course.10. ( ) Can I help you?A.Yes, you can.B.No, I can do it.C.Yes. I’d like some oranges. 三．填空1. Must I stand up? No, you ________.2. ________ I speak something? Yes, you ________.3. ________ I leave the park now? No, you _________ stay here.4. My grandmother is ill. I _________ stay at home and look after her.5. ________ you like some juice?6. They ________ take more exercise.7. ________ you tell me the way to the museum?8. The watch ________ tell us the right time.9. ________ you like to go boating with us?10. ________ we play chess next weekend?四．按要求改写句子。

语法复习十一：助动词与情态动词（一）助动词有be, have, do, will, shall。

它们本身没有词义，只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语，用来表示时态和语态，构成否定、疑问及加强语气等。

1、be (am, is, are, were, been)(l)“be + -ing”构成进行时态；（2）“be + 过去分词”构成被动语态；（3）“be + 动词不定式”构成复合谓语：①表示按计划安排要发生的事。

The prime minister is to visit Japan next year. 总理将于明年访问日本。

②用于命令。

You're to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完了作业才能看电视。

2、have (has, had)(1)“have+过去分词”构成完成时态。

如：Have you seen the film ? (2)“have been + -ing”构成完成进行时态。

如：What have you been doing these days? 这些日子你一直在干什么?3、do (does, did)(1)“do not + 动词原形”构成行为动词的否定式。

如：His brother doesn’t like playing basket.；(2)“Do + 主语 + 动词原形”构成行为动词的一般疑问句。

Does he go to school by bike every day? (3)“do + 动词原形”用于祈使句或陈述句中表示加强语气。

如：I did go to see him, but he wasn’t in我确实去看望他了，但他不在家。

Do do some work. 请一定做点什么；(4)代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复。

My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did.4.will, shall (would, should)“will (shall+动词原形”构成一般将来时，一般来说shall用于第一人称，will用于第二人称或第三人称，口语中常用will代替shll，如：We will have a meeting to discuss the problem.（二）情态动词情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等之意。

高考专题虚拟语气I、重点难点解析虚拟语气的高考命题导向：虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。

真实语气与虚拟语气的区别主要在谓语动词的形式上。

在做题时，要根据语境判断出是与那种时态相反的虚拟语气。

一虚拟语气在从句中的用法和构成一览表二其他要注意的事项1. 虚拟语气中出现be的过去式，只能用were。

2. suggest表“暗示、表明”和insist表示“坚持认为”,其后的宾语从句用陈述句语气。

例如：You pale face suggests that you are ill. / He insisted that he was right.3. if虚拟语气条件句中如有had, should, were，可省略if, 将其提前引起倒装。

例如：Were I you, I would remain. / Had you told me earlier, I wouldn’t have missed it.4. 可用without, but for(“要不是”)代替虚拟语气条件句。

例如：But for your help, I would have failed the exam.Without air there would be no life.5.as if/though, even if/though也可以不用虚拟，表示真实的情况。

例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.II、实战演练用所给动词的适当形式填空1.---If he ________________ (warn), he ________________ (not take) that food.---Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _________________ (break).3.I would rather they _________________ (not hear) of the news.4.I wish I _______________ (have) a room of my own when I was a child.5.To the surprise of the public, the identification of the cause of such a simple event ___________________ (take)more than a year.6.Without air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night _______________ (be) freezing cold, too cold for us tostay.7.If I had worked harder at school, I _____________________(sit) in a comfortable office now.8.Her pale face suggested that she _____________ (be) ill, and her colleagues suggested that she _____________(have) a medical examination.9.I insisted he ____________ (go) to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing __________ (be) wrong with him.10.He asks that he _______________ (give) an opportunity to explain why he’s refused to go there.11.It is high time we _____________ (get) down to discussing this plan.12.If it were not for the fact that you ___________ (be) too busy, I would ask you to help me do this right now. (=butfor)13.Who do you suggest __________________ (send) to work there?14.I would have come earlier, but I ________________ (not know) that you were waiting for me.15.If it _______________ (rain) tomorrow, the outing would be cancelled.高考专题---虚拟语气2多数中国人对虚拟语气的理解是：虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望，是假设的，虚构的，与事实相反的，或者是不太可能的。