2018年高考英语语法填空

高考真题全国卷语法填空专练(二)（语法填空注重基础语言知识的运用，但规律性比较强，用心总结很容易提高。

本练习选择全国二卷历年真题，让学生进行针对性练习，把握难度，感受真题规律，全国二卷难度适中，非常适合中等及中等偏上的学生进行训练。

）做题技巧：1.区分有提示词和无提示词2.无提示词一般填介词、代词、连词、冠词、副词3.有提示词名词一般变复数或者词性转换，代词一般变所有格或宾格，形容词变比较级和最高级以及转化词性4.动词需要区分所在句子此处是谓语还是非谓语，谓语动词一般考虑时态和主谓一致，被动语态等，非谓语一般考察to do, doing, done的实际用法。

【2020·全国卷II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New YearChinese New Year is a ___61___ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___62___ (carry) special significance. They represent the earth ___63___ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:Oranges: Orange trees are more ___64___ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times ___65___ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. ___66___ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated ___67___ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy ___68___ (care) for and make great presents.Branches of Plum Blossoms : The ___69___ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are ____70____ first to flower even as the snow is melting. They represent the promise of spring and arenewal of life.【2019·全国卷II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

专题21 语法填空2018年高考题【2018·全国I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___61___(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long___62___(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___63___ (die) early by running. While running regularly cann't make you live forever, the review says it ___64___ (be) more effective at lengthening life___65___ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___66___showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___67___(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherw ise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___68___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it'salways___69___(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___70___a try.【答案】61. longer62. to see 63. dying64. is 65. than66. that \which67. causes 68. strength69. energetic70. it \running【解析】本文是一篇说明文。

2018年一般高等学校招生全国一致考试(广东卷) A卷英语Ⅰ. 语言知识及应用(共两节。

满分35分)第一节完形填空(共15小题；每题2分，满分30分)阅读下边短文，掌握其粗心，而后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡大将该项涂黑。

It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The 1 has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by 2 situation that has designed for the 3 children.There can be little doubt that 4 classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. However, to take these 5 out of the regular classes may create serious problems.I observed a number of 6 children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a7 class. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying 8 on their teachers’ directions. In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they began to reflect 9 on many problems, some of which were not on the school program.Many are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose interest in learning. However this 11 is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these 12 simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are 13 . Some top students do feel bored in class, but why they 14 so goes far beyond the work they have in school. Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious. The gifted child who is bored is an 15 child.1. A. principle B. theory C. arguments D. classification2. A. designing B. grouping C. learning D. living3. A. smart B. curious C. mature D. average4. A. regular B. special C. small D. creative5. A. children B. programs C. graduates D. designs6. A. intelligent B. competent C. ordinary D. independent7. A. separate B. regular C. new D. boring8. A. specially B. slightly C. wrongly D. heavily9. A, directly B. cleverly C. voluntarily D. quickly10. A. doubted B. bored C. worried D. tired11. A. concern B. conclusion C. reflection D. interest12. A. students B. adults C. scholars D. teachers13. A. talented B. worried C. learned D. interested14. A. believe B. think C. say D. feel15. A. outstanding B. intelligent C. anxious D. ordinary原文出处1.答案：C分析：考察名词，运用原词重现方法。

专题一语法填空Group 1冠词1．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.2．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla(大猩猩), who begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs.3．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]As ________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.4．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ________ top.5．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]Instead, she is earning 6,500 a day as ________ model in New York.6．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, ________ other is with mum — she never suspects.7．[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.Group 2介词1．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]I was searching ________ these three western lowland gorillas(大猩猩) I'd been observing.2．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) ________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects...3．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]．..and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ________ work.4．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ________ engineering or architecture.5．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]But my connection with pandas goes back ________ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.6．[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]Most of us are more focused ________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.7．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ________ their hands.Group 3连词1．[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths.2．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government started a soil-testing program ________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers.3．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]I'm not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.4．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________ is not good for the health.5．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]But Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.6．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reporter...7．[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]So, get an early start and try to be as productive ________ possible before lunch.8．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]In much of Asia, especially the so­called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, __________ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.9．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Over time, ________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.10．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C., influenced the development of chopsticks.Group 4名词1．[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ________ (cause)．2．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]This switch has decreased ________ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.3．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]I'm a ________ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.4．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]This trend, ..., has had some unintended side ________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease...5．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ________ (crowd) on the roads...6．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]This development was only possible with the ________ (introduce) of electric-powered enginesand lifts.7．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.8．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate)．9．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]The nursery team switches him every few ________ (day) with his sister...10．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract)．11．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Recent ________ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.12．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ (achieve)．13．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius influenced the ________ (develop) of chopsticks.Group 5代词1．[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ________ a try.2．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]When the gorillas(大猩猩) and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________ (they) alive.3．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ________ every day.4．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ________ (it) mother.Group 6形容词、副词1．[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ________ (long) than non-runners.2．[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]Running is cheap, easy and it's always ________ (energy)．3．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]A taste for meat is ________ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.4．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ________ (globe) fertilizer consumption.5．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]He screams the ________ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.6．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]However, be ________ (care) not to go to extremes.7．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]Even ________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.8．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]．..and it must have been ________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.9．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]The Central London Railway was one of the most ________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.10．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]It is ________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.11．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.12．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ________ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.13．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ________ (regular)．14．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of ________ (great) and less importance.Group 7谓语动词1．[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it ________ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.2．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]Since 2011, the country ________ (grow) more corn than rice.3．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ________ (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder！”4．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]When fat and salt ________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.5．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food ________ (be) full of fat and salt.6．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]Steam engines ________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success...7．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]Later, engineers ________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道),which became known as the Tube.8．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]Sarah ________ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time.9．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school ________ (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling.10．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I ________ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.11．[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ________ (be) often acceptable.12．[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is, ________ (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.13．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Truly elegant chopsticks might ________ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.14．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ________ (be) too violent for use at the table.Group 8非谓语动词1．[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]You don't have to run fast or for long ________ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ________ (die) early by running.2．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ________ (improve) water quality.3．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]China's approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen V oegele.4．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel ________ (challenge)．5．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay) and watch.6．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required ________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.7．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]Fast food is full of fat and salt; by ____________(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.8．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]This included digging up the road, __________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof...9．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term ________ (rest)．10．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants ________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.11．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]I was the first Western TV reporter ________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.12．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]My ambassadorial duties will include ________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research center in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.13．[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely ________ (bring) your work home.14．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________ (create) special designs.15．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]People probably cooked their food in large pots, ________ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Group 1 1.the 2.the 3.a 4.the 5.a 6.the 7.aGroup 2 1.for 2.as 3.from 4.in 5.to 6.on 7.withGroup 31.which/that 2.which/that 3.who 4.which 5.who 6.when 7.as 8.and 9.when/as 10.who Group 4 1. causes 2. pollution 3. scientist 4 effects 5.crowds 6.introduction 7.invitationscation 9. days 10.attraction 11.studies 12. achievement 13.developmentGroup 5 1. it/running 2. them 3. it 4. itsGroup 6 1.longer 2.energetic 3.actually 4.global 5.loudest 6.careful 7.worse 8.fairly9.successful 10.certainly 11.officially 12.gradually 13.regularly 14.greaterGroup 7 1.is 2.has grown 3.meant 4.are move 5.is 6.were used 7.managed8.was told/has been told es 10.was allowed 11.is 12.make 13.be made 14.wereGroup 8 1.to see dying 2.to improve 3.feeding 4.looking challenged 5.to stay 6.to process 7.eatingying 9.resting 10.to prove 11.permitted 12.introducing 13.to bring 14.to create ing。

2018 年高考英语真题分类汇编专题15：语法填空一、语法填空（共 4 题；共 40 分）1.（2018?卷Ⅰ）下边短文，在空白填入 1 个适合的或括号内的正确形式。

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal runners live three years________(long) than non-runners You don't haveto run fast or for long________(see)the benefit You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of________（ die ） early by running.While running regularly can make you live forever, the review says it ________ (be)more effective atlengthening life ________walking ,cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart diseaseand early deaths from all ________(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise⋯⋯It's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces to ________(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always ________(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits other sports, so perhaps we should all give________a try.【答案】 longer ；to see； dying ； is； than ； that/which ； causes； strengthen ； energetic ； it/running【考点】法填空【分析】【剖析】是一篇文，跑步来的好。

2018高考英语语法填空：形容词或副词提示的解题技巧和跟踪训练题（含解析）高考英语语法填空【括号内提供的是形容词或副词】如果括号内提供的是形容词，一般是考查副词，即要变成副词形式；如果括号内提供的是副词，一般是考查形容词，即要变成形容词形式。

如：答案再如：“答案said，所以要Atlast，答案另外，通常有表示范围的in/of介词短语或形容词前有the时，一般要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级。

如：Oneofthe________(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher...因为这里是oneofthe＋名词复数的形式，表示……其中之一，因此范围是三者或三者以上，因此形容词需要用最高级的形式worst。

跟踪选编题A(2016·湖南东部六校高三联考) OneofthemajorholidayshoppingdaysisthedayafterThanksgiving.Itis__1__(frequent)referredtoasBlackFriday. Theuseoftheword“black”relates__2__thebusinessaccountants.Storekeepersusedtorecordprofitsinblackinkand lossesinredink.So__3__(be)“intheblack”ontheFridayafterThanksgivingmeansagoodthing，areturntoprofits. BlackFridayisthebigdayformanyretailers，，erbecauseofthestress__9__(involve)infightingthecrowds.InrecentyearstheSaturdaybeforeChristmas__10__(s 1．，2．to[3．being[考查动名词作主语。

语法填空一．词汇应用（共1小题）1．（2018•浙江）Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook．Making Chinese（1）（dish）is seen as especially troublesome．Many westerners（2）come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap（3）can be to eat out．I still remember（4）（visit）a friend who'd lived here for five years and I（5）（shock）when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time．While regularly eating out seems to（6）（become）common for many young people in recent years，it's not without a cost．The obvious one is money；eating out once or twice a week may be（7）（afford）but doing this most days adds up．There could be an even（8）（high）cost on your health．Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in（9）（weigh）problems．If you are not going to suffer this problem，then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums'home（10）dinner，get a few cooking tips from her．Cooking food can be fun．You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket．二．语法填空（共20小题）2．（2020•山东）Many people have the hobby of collecting things，e．g．stamps，postcard or antiques．In the18th and19th centuries，（1）（wealth）people travelled and collected plants，historical objects and works of art．They kept their collection at home until it got too big（2）until they died，and then it was given to a museum．The80，000objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example，（3）（form）the core collection of the British Museum（4）opened in1759．The parts of a museum open to the public（5）（call）galleries or rooms．Often，only a small part ofa museum's collection（6）（be）on display．Most of it is stored away or used for research．Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors．As well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer simulations（模拟）and imagine（7）（they）living at a different time in history or （8）（walk）through a rainforest．At the Jorvik Centre in York，the city's Viking settlement is recreated，and people experience the sights，sounds and smells of the old town．Historical（9）（accurate）is important but so is entertainment．Museums must compete（10）people's spare time and money with other amusements．Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children．3．（2020•浙江）Some time after10，000BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived （1），through agriculture．Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on（2）could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown．Farming produced more food per person（3）hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children．And，as more children were born，more food（4）（need）．Agriculture gave people theirfirst experience of the power of technology（5）（change）lives．By about6000BC，people（6）（discover）the best crops to grow and animals to raise．Later，they learned to work with the（7）（season），planting at the right time and，in dry areas，（8）（make）use of annual floods to irrigate（灌溉）their fields．This style of farming lasted for quite a long time．Then，with（9）rise of science，changes began．New methods（10）（mean）that fewer people worked in farming．In the last century or so，these changes have accelerated．New power machinery and artificial fertilizers（化肥）have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age．4．（2020•河北、湖南、湖北、江西、广东、安徽、福建）China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon．The unmanned Chang'e﹣4probe（探测器）﹣the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess﹣（1）（touch）down last week in the South Pole﹣Aitken basin．Landing on the moon's far side is（2）（extreme）challenging．Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot（3）it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth．The far side of the moon is of particular（4）（interesting）to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters（环形山），more so（5）the familiar near side．Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e﹣4（6）（find）and study areas of the South Pole﹣Aitken basin．"This really excites scientists，"Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，"because it（7）（mean）we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon（8）（construct）．"Data about the moon's composition，such as how（9）ice and other treasures it contains，could help China decide whether（10）（it）plans for a future lunar（月球的）base are practical．5．（2020•浙江）Something significant is happening to the world population﹣it is aging．The median（中位数的）age of an American in1950（1）（he）30﹣today it is41and is expected（2）（increase）to42 by2050．For Japan，the（3）（number）are more striking22in1950，46today and53in2050．In 2015，one in12people around the world were over65；by2050，it will be one in six．This aging of the population is driven（4）two factors．The first is declining birth rates：which means old generations are Large（5）（compare）to younger generations，and so，on average，the population becomes（6）（old）than before．This is（7）（particular）true in the US．Thesecond reason is that people are living longer．A child born in the US today has（8）very realistic chanceof living beyond100and needs to plan accordingly．People tend to focus on the first factor．However，greater attention should（9）（place）on longevity （长寿）．It isn't just that people are，on average，living longer．It's also that they are on average healthier （10）more productive for longer．Therefore，they can work for longer，consume more and in general be boost to the economy．6．（2019•上海）Millions of Baby Olive Ridley Turtles Emerge in OrissaNature is full of wonders．In（1）is one of the most breathtaking sights in nature，millions of baby Ridley turtles broke out of their eggshells under the sand at one of their mass nesting grounds in coastal Orissa．The baby turtles started their journey towards the Bay of Bengal（2）they emerged from their nest in the southern district of Ganjam，about175km from Bhubaneshwar．Orissa is the home to three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles，a species（3）（threaten）with extinction，and one of the sites，Gahirmatha，（4）around70to80million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year，is considered one of the world's largest nesting sites．The female turtles drag（5）up the beach from the sea，dig a nest，lay at least one hundred eggs，cover and conceal their eggs and nest，and then return to the sea．The females never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that（6）（deposit）in the warm sand．The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after4560days，then the babies grow without their mother，which is a rare phenomenon in nature，Interestingly，it is on the same beach where they were born（7）the females lay their eggs．In the recent years，sea erosion has led to many turtles'nest（8）（damage）or destroyed．Also，some fierce animals such as dogs and birds（9）（reduce）the number of nesting turtles．And of course man has also had a negative impact（10）using engine﹣powered fishing boats near the turtles'nesting grounds．7．（2019•北京）AOn the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach．I（1）（voice）my biggest concern to my mother，"How will I make friends？"She handed me advice，"Be yourself．"For thepast20years，I have lived by these words．Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world．Nervously （2）（face）challenges，I know I will whisper to（3）（I）the two simple words"Be yourself"．BEarth Day，（4）（mark）on22April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection．First celebrated（5）1970，the Day now includes events in more than190 countries and regions（地区）．No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various（6）（activity）on Earth Day．You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save power﹣the possibilities are endless．CDoes the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question（7）（suggest）that，for most students，it doesn't．What students do at college seems to matter much more than（8）they go．The students benefitting most from college are those（9）are totally engaged（参与）in academic life，taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources（资源）．Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend，and it's never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and（10）（meaning）college experience．8．（2019•浙江）There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea．First of all，uniforms help the school look smart．The students feel that they belong to a particular group．When every pupil in the school wears the uniform，nobody（1）（have）to worry about fashion（时尚）．Everybody wears（2）same style of clothes．Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways．A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform．On the edge of the jacket，there is a piece of cloth（3）gives off light in the dark．When the children are walking or（4）（cycle）to school on dark mornings，car drivers can（5）（easy）see them．But can uniforms help improve school standards？The answer（6）this question is not clear．One study in America found that students'grades（7）（improve）a little after the school introduced uniforms．But some students didn't want（8）（wear）the uniform．Other American studies showedno（9）（connect）between uniforms and school performance．School uniforms are（10）（tradition）in Britain，but some schools are starting to get rid of them．Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy．However，uniforms are still popular．Pupils at about90percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms．9．（2019•海南）A90﹣year﹣old has been awarded"Woman Of The Year"for（1）（be）Britain's oldest full﹣time employee﹣still working40hours a week．Now Irene Astbury works from9am to5pm daily at the petshop in Macclesfield，（2）she opened with her late husband Les．Her years of hard work have（3）（final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year．Picking up her"Lifetime Achievement"award，proud Irene（4）（declare）she had no plans（5）（retire）from her36﹣year﹣old business．Irene said，"I don't see any reason to give up work．I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I（6）（make）over the years．I work not because I have to，（7）because I want to．"Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31﹣who works alongside her in the family business﹣said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award．She said，"We don't have any idea who put grandma forward．When we got a call（8）（say）she was short﹣listed，we thought it was（9）joke．But then we got an official letter and we were blown away．We are so proud of her．It's（10）（wonder）．"10．（2018•上海）My Kid﹣free LifeI had expected to have more free time after my sons，Evan and Alex，each left for college，and I do．The kitchen calendar looks spare．Rarely（1）I need to prepare family dinner every day．There is a lot（2）（little）laundry．When the boys were infants，I wondered how I（3）（spend）all the hours before they were born．（4）I have those hours back，I can focus on my own needs．I had also expected to worry about them when they were away．And I do，Did they get their flu shots（流感疫苗注射）？Will they remember the talks about"good choices"？On the other hand，the worry is mixed with relief．I have seen（5）vigorously they grow without me．Do I miss them？Yes．Both more and less than I'd guessed．Do I feel united for having lost my primary rolein life？No，because over the year，I took great pride（6）the fact that my identity was not dependenton theirs．But，surprisingly，yes．（7）（be）a different kind of mother defines me now．The missing comes at unexpected moments：seeing the school bus drive by，starting to put too many plates on the table．When they have doubts about friendships or job prospects，I can only say，"I'm sure you will figure it out．"And yet，the spaces（8）（empty）by loss are more than filled by what I've found．I now have the chance（9）（see）them as the whole world does but also like no one else ever will．As adults I happened to help create．The rooms（10）the boys used to live look vacant．I feel sadness but also joy．I knew they would leave，but they will find their way back．My home is empty．But overflowing．11．（2018•上海）A comprehensive study of4，500children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of premature thinning of their brain's cortex the outer layer that processes sensory information．"We don't know if it（1）（cause）by the screen time．We don't know yet if it's a bad thing．It won't be until we follow them over time （2）we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we're seeing in this single snapshot，"Dr．Gaya Dowling．"What we can say is that this is（3）the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens．And it's not just one pattern．"The problem isn't just screens（4），but also the way screens tempt kids（and adults）away from something far more important：physical activity．More than23percent of adults and80percent of adolescents don't get enough physical activity，and according to a2019report from the World Health Organization（WHO），these patterns of activity and rest arise（5）habits we develop early in life．"What we really need to do is （6）（bring）back play for children，"says Dr．Juana Willumsen，a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity，in a statement about new WHO guidelines issued in April2019．"This is about making the shift from sedentary time to playtime，while（7）（protect）sleep．"Of course，children aren't completely to blame for their screen addiction．Sometimes，the parents（8）complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one．A2016study（9）（conduct）by Common Sense Media found that parents spend up to nine hours a day in front of screens，mostly not for work﹣related reasons．While78 percent of parents said they believed they were good screen time role models，the study found a disconnect between their behavior and their perception of their behavior．Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids（10）it means playing the bad guy．Our mental and physical health depends on it．12．（2018•浙江）The Caffeine CatchCaffeine，a chemical typically found in coffee，has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply．You probably（1）（use）caffeine since childhood．Caffeine （2）（be）in your first Coke．If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar，you ate caffeine．Soft drinks arethe major source（来源）of caffeine for most children and even some adults．（3）（recent），caffeine has found its way into orange，apple，and other flavored drinks．Small amounts of caffeine﹣a cup（4）two of coffee a day﹣seem safe for most people．However，some people have trouble with even small amounts．One cup of coffee（5）the late afternoon or evening will cause（6）（they）to stay awake almost all night．Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem （7）（call）caffeinism．You get very nervous and you can't sleep．It is possible（8）caffeine may cause birth defects（缺陷）in humans，too．One study showed that （9）（woman）who drank a lot of coffee，like eight or more cups per day，while they were pregnant were more likely（10）（have）children with birth defects．13．（2017•上海）In the presence of animalsA professor of public health at UCLA says that pet ownership might provide a new form of health care．As far back as the1790s，the elderly at a senior citizens'home in England（1）（encourage）to spend time with farm animals．This would help patients'mental state more than the cruel therapies（2）（use）on the mentally ill at the time．In recent years，scientists have finally begun to find proof（3）contact with animals can increase a sick person's chance of survival and have shown（4）（lower）heart rate，calm upset children，and get people to start a conversation．Scientists think that animals'companionship is beneficial（5）animals are accepting and attentive，and they don't criticize or give orders．Animals have the unique ability to be more social．For example，visitors to nursing homes get more social responses from patients when they come with animal companions．Not only do people seem（6）（anxious）when animals are nearby，but they may also live longer．Studies show that a year（7）heart surgery，survival rates for heart patients were higher for those with pets in their homes than those without pets．Elderly people with pets make fewer trips to doctors than those without animal companions，possibly because animals relieve loneliness．Staying with animals is believed to create a peaceful state of mind，（8）（result）in a favorable environment for everyone．Research confirms that the findings concerning senior citizens can be applied to restless children．They are more easy﹣going when there are animals around，with（9）company they tend to calm down more easily．They involve（10）in playing with animals and the presence of animals conforms them greatly．14．（2017•上海）"Zootopia"Broke Disney RecordsLast weekend，the latest Disney movie，"Zootopia，"broke records．The movie had the largest opening weekend for a Disney animation（动画片）．People across the United States bought more than﹩75million worth of tickets．"Zootopia"is a city of animals．The movie stars a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal（1）team upto find a missing otter（水獭）．He is among several animals that have suddenly disappeared from the city．"Zootopia"（2）（praise）for its sharp humor and strong message since its release．The film explores racism and other issues in its description of relations（3）two kinds of animals in the city．Jared Bush and Phil Johnston wrote"Zootopia．"They told reporters that it started out as a spy movie（4）（set）in several different contexts．But they changed the story（5）they found the animal world especially interesting．They said to（6）something like this．"What's this world like？What's the history of this world？"And then，Bush said，they went to the experts．Not only（7）the writers speak with people who study couture and group behavior，but also they talked with animal experts like zookeepers．The creators have noted that the variety of animals was not easy（8）（produce）in drawings．In the movie，64species live in multiple neighborhoods（9）（represent）different animals'living environments．Disney says"Zootopia"is its（10）（complex）animation yet．The extra effort is certainly paying off at the box office．15．（2017•浙江）Last October，while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handfulof small（1）（carrot）and was about to throw them away．But something made her look closer，andshe noticed a（2）（shine）object．Yes，there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long﹣lost wedding ring．Pahlsson screamed（3）loudly that her daughter came running from the house．"she thought I had hurt （4）（I），"says Pahlsson．Sixteen years（5）（early），Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring（6）（cook）a meal．When she wanted to put the ring back on later，it was gone．She suspected that one of her three daughters ﹣then ten，eight，and six﹣had picked it up，but the girls said they hadn't．Pahlsson and her husband（7）（search）the kitchen，checking every corner，but turned up nothing．"I gave up hope of finding my ring again，"she says．She never replaced it．Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got（8）（sweep）into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden，（9）it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted（生长）through it．For Pahlsson，its return was（10）wonder．16．（2016•上海）Stress：Good or Bad？Stress used to be an almost unknown word，but now that we are used to talking about it，I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed．In recent years，stress（33）（regard）as a cause of a whole range of medical problems，from high blood pressure to mental illness．But like so many other things，it is only too much stress（34）does you harm．It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life，you would achieve a little．If you are stuck at home with no stress，then your level of performance will be low．Up to a certain point，the more stress you are under，the（35）（good）your performance will be．Beyond a certain point，though，further stress will only lead to exhaustion，illness and finally a breakdown．You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope，by asking yourself（36）number of questions．Do you，for instance，feel that too much is being expected of（37），and yet find it impossible to say no？Do you find yourself getting impatient or（38）（annoy）with people over unimportant things？…If the answer to all those questionsis yes，you had better（39）（control）your stress，as you probably are under more stress than is goodfor you．To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life．Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events．Getting married is50，pregnancy40，moving house20，Christmas12，etc．If the total stress in your life is over150，you are twice as likely（40）（get）ill．17．（2016•上海）Bags of LoveLast year，I was assigned to work at an office near my mother's house，so I stayed with her for a month．During that time，I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries．After less than a week，I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly﹣we were always suddenly out of something．（25）（wonder）how my mum could consume them so quickly，I began observing her daily routine for two weeks．To my surprise，I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine．Eventually，I decided to follow her and（26）happened truly amazed me．She was taking the food to the refugee camp，in（27）she distributed it to children．I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area．The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother．Then it hit me﹣shy would she mot want to tell me about what she（28）（do）？Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop（29）（buy）the groceries if I found out？When she got home，I told her about my discovery．（30）she could react，I gave her a big hug and told her she didn't need to keep it a secret（31）me．She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets．For years，my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare．I was so impressed by（32）selfless she was．18．（2016•四川）The giant panda（61）（love）by people throughout the world．Chinese scientists（62）（recent）had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby．She was a very（63）（care）mother．For25days，she never left her baby，not even to find something（64）（eat）!She would not let any other pandas come near．She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean．Any smell might attract natural（65）（enemy）that would try to eat the little comforting pats．The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does．（66）it cried，she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats，the mother continued to care for the young panda（67）more than two years．By that time，the panda no longer needed（68）（it）mother for food．However，it stayed with her and leaned about the ways of the forest．Then，after two and a half years，the mother（69）（drive）the young panda away．It was time for her to have a new baby，（70）it was also time for the young panda to be independent．19．（2014•上海）The giant vending machine（自动售货机）is a new village shopVillagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies．However，help is now nearer at hand in the form of the country's first automatic push﹣button shop．Now residents in the Derbyshire village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week．Peter Fox，who is（33）electrical engineer，spent two and a half years working on the project．The machine（34）（equip）with security cameras and alarms，and looks like a mini shop with a brick front，a grey roof and a display window．Mr．Fox said he hoped his invention，（35）is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months，will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities．He said："I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn't find a manufacturer who could deliver what I wanted，so I did it by（36）．The result is what amounts to a huge outdoor vending machine．Yet I think the term automatic shop is far（37）（appropriate）．"In recent years，the commercial pressure from supermarket chains（38）（force）village shops across the country to close．In2010，it was estimated that about400village shops closed，（39）（urge）the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set﹣up new community stores．Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their own volunteer﹣run shops，but Mr．Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution（40）those villages without a local shop．20．（2014•上海）My stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university，I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town．So I decidedto leave home for New York，（1）I might have a better chance to find a good job．（2）（earn）some money to pay the daily expenses，I started work in a local caféas a waiter．I believed that（3）I was offered a good position，I would resign at once．Over time，the high cost of living became a little burden on my already（4）（exhaust）shoulders．On the other hand，my search for a respectable job had not met with much success．As I had studied literature at university，I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies．Mother had said that （5）I wanted to have a better career advancement，I had to find work in the city．Perhaps，（6）my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind．I just did as she had expected．Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it．Apparently，I had difficulty（7）（adapt）myself to life in the city，let alone finding a job to my delight．After nine months of frustration．I eventually decided to go back to my small town．Not until I returned（8）I realise that a quiet town life was the best for me．21．（2012•上海）A．maintained B．serious C．indications D．figures E．anxiousF．concern G crisis H．decided I．available J．reversedFilmgoers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn，ice cream and soft drinks that they buy in cinemas，according to the Food Standard Agency．Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made（41），the nutrition inspector said．Tim Smith，chief executive of the agency，told The77mes that cinemas should help to deal with the country's overweight（42）．"There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie﹣free，but that is not the case．It is a（43）to us，"he said．"Portion sizes are also a big issue，and there seems to be increasingly big packs onsale．"He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger，Wimpey and The Real Greek（44）to put calorie counts on all their menus．A trial scheme（试行方案）with21food companies took place last summer，and（45）are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realised the number of calories in a product．A consultation（征询意见）on the trial ends next month but Mr Smith is already planning the second drive for American﹣style calorie counts and is（46）to win support from cinemas and other entertainment places，from football grounds to concert halls．。

定语从句高考真题2010-20182018 年高考英语定语从句汇编1.(2018·全国Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease.2.(2018 全国II)Between 2005-when the government started a soil-testing programgives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers.3.（2018 浙江）Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries.4.（2018•北京）She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit.5.（2018 天津）Kae, sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.6.（2018 江苏）Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.7.（2018 北京）The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.2017 年高考英语定语从句汇编1.（2017 天津）My eldest son, work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.2.(2017 江苏)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.3.(2017 北京)The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.4.(2017)The publication of Great Expectations, was both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.5.(2017 江苏卷)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20,half of it used to charge.6..(2017 全国Ⅲ)Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains.7..(2017 全国I) It is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.2016 年高考英语定语从句汇编1．(2016·江苏)Many young people，most of were well－educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.2．(2016·天津)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，the weather may be better.3．(2016·天津)One day，mentally exhausted，I wrote down all the reasons this problem could not be solved.4．(2016·浙江)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of has been proved.5．(2016·浙江)I made friends with the natives，and their reaction amazed me.They gave me presents of their favorite artworks they had refused to sell to tourists.6．(2016·四川)One important biological factor helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.7．(2016·北京)I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.8．(2016·北京)So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los AngelesZoo，they are treated with calcium EDTA，a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days.9．(2016·全国Ⅰ)A nurse understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.10．(2016·全国Ⅰ)I had one trip last year I was caught by a hurricane in America.11..(2016 全国I) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter。

2018-2011历年高考语法填空真题2018（一卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runnerslive three years61(long) thannon-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long62(see)the benefit. Youmaydrink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regularlycan't make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be)more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authorsof the review also made a study published in 201466showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and w ill do.But otherwise…it's probablyrunning.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always 69(energy).If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to getthe same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give 70a try.2018（二卷）Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country 61 （grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over62 past25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is63 (actual) behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water65rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased66(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.zxxkAccording to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government68 (start) a soil-testing program69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers —and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.Thatprevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.China’s approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens ＂offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.＂says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.2018（三卷）I’m not sure61 is more frightened,me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）thatsuddenly appears out of nowhere.I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central AfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,I’m face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs.That makes her baby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears.Hescreams the 63 (loud)of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chestand charges toward me.I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid 64 (look)directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel65 (challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor.I’m a 66 (science)who studies animals such as apesand monkeys.I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas I’d beenobserving.No one had seen them for hours,and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find 68 (they)alive.True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature,the huge animal 69 (mean)me no realharm.He was just saying:"I’m king of this forest,and here is your reminder!"Once hismessage was delivered,he allowed me 70 (stay)and watch.（一卷答案）61.longer 62.to see 63.dying 64.is 65.than 66.that \which 67.causes68.strengthen 69.energetic 70.it \running（二卷答案）61. has grown 62. the 63. actually 64. to improve 65. than66. pollution 67. global 68. started 69. that/which 70. feeding（三卷答案）61. which 62. the 63. loudest 64. looking 65. challenged66. scientist 67. for 68. them 69. meant 70. to stay1. （2017全国Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

2020全国I卷China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Chang’e-4probe(探测器)-the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess1(touch)down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is2(extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot3it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.The far side of the moon is of particular4 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)，more so5 the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-46(find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.＂This really excites scientists,＂Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,＂because it7(mean)we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon8(construct)＂Data about the moon’s composition,such as how 9ice and other treasures it contains,could help China decide whether10 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.2020新高考山东卷Many people have the hobby of collecting things,e.g.stamps,postcards or antiques.In the18th and19th centuries,1(wealth)people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big2until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,3(form)the core collection of the British Museum4opened in 1759.The parts of a museum open to the public5(call)galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection6(be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors.As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟）and imagine 7(they) living at a different time in history or8(walk) through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York,the city's Viking settlement is recreated,and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical9(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.Museums must compete10people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.2020全国II卷Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is a1(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.This is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers 2(carry) special significance. They represent the earth___3(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:Oranges: Orange trees are more4decoration; they are a symbol of goodfortune and wealth.They make great gifs and you see them many times5 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office.___ 6(certain) during the holiday period, this plant isa must. Bamboo plants are associated7health, abundance and a happy home.They are easy8(care) for and make great presents.Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花):The9(beauty)long branchescovered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are10 _first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化). They represent the promiseof spring and a renewal of life.2020全国III卷In ancient China lived an artist 1.________ paintings were almost lifelike. Theartist's reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 2.________ (fine)work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would. 3.___________(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, theold man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River- perhaps hecould learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.Filled with 4.________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 5._______he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 6._________ (point) down the river. The next morninghe hired a boat and set out7.________ (find) the well-known painter. As the smallboat moved.8.________(gentle)along the river he was left speechless by themountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls andmountains in many shades of blue; And when he saw the mists rising from the riverand the soft clouds9._________(surround)the mountain tops,he was reduced totears.The artist was finally humbled(谦卑)by the greatest artist10._____earth,Mother Nature.2020.7月浙江卷Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control theworld they lived1，through agriculture. Over thousands of years，they beganto depend less on2could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more onanimals they had raised and crops they had sown.Farming produced more food per person3hunting and gathering，sopeople were able to raise more children. And，as more children were born，more food4___（need）.Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power oftechnology5（change）lives.By about6000BC，people6（discover）the best crops to grow andanimals to raise. Later，they learned to work with the7（season），planting at theright time and，in dry areas，8（make）use of annual floods to irrigate（灌溉）their fields.This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then，with9rise of science，changes began. New methods10（mean）that fewer people worked in farming.In the last century or so，these changes have accelerated.New power machinery and artificial fertilizers（化肥）have now totally transformed a way，of life that started in the Stone Age.2019全国I卷The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of88°,there is evidence1 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.Modern methods3tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive4(perform)consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut5(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a6(believe)that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by7(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are8(high)than they actually are.Of69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six10(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.2019全国II卷A 90-year-old has been awarded "Woman Of The Year" for1（be）Britain's oldest full-time employee— still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,2she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have3（final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene4（declare）she had no plans5（retire）from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, "I don't see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I6（make）over the years. I work not because I have to,7because I want to."Granddaughter Gayle Parks,31—who works alongside her in the family business— said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said,"We don't have any idea who put grandma forward.When we got a call8（say）she was short-listed,we thought it was9joke.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.We are so proud of her.It's10 (wonder）.”2019全国III卷On our way to the house，it was raining1hard that we couldn't helpwondering how long it would take2（get）there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack3dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters4had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and5（recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya （木瓜）and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting6（compete）to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many7（tradition）stories about Hawaii that were8（huge）popular with tourists.On the last day of our week-long stay，we9（invite）to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，10（listen）to musicians and meeting interesting locals.2019浙江卷There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea.First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _1________ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).Everybody wears_2________same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways,A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform.On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth _3________gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or _4________ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can _5________ (easy) see them.But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer _6________ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades _7________ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want 8_________(wear)the uniform.Other American studies showed no _9________(connect) between uniforms and school performance.School uniforms are_10________(tradition)in Britain,but some schools are starting to get rid of them.Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.2018.11月浙江卷The Caffeine CatchCaffeine,a chemical typically found in coffee,has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply.You probably1(use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine2(be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. Soft drinks are the major source(来源)of caffeine for most children and even some adults.3(recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.Small amounts of caffeine-a cup4two of coffee a day-seem safe for most people. However, some people have trouble with even small amounts. One cup of coffee5the late afternoon or evening will cause6(they)to stayawake almost all rger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem7 (call) caffeinism. You get very nervous and you can't sleep.It is possible8caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷）in humans,too. One study showed that9(woman)who drank a lot of coffee,like eight or more cups per day,while they were pregnant were more likely10(have) children with birth defects2019北京卷AOn the first day of my first grade,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I1（voice）my biggest concern to my mother.＂How will I make friends?＂She handed me advice.＂Be yourself.＂For the past20years.I have lived by these words.Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously2（face）challenges, I know I will whisper to3（I）the two simple words＂Be yourself＂.BEarth Day,4（mark）on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.First celebrated51970,the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions（地区）. No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various6（activity）on Earth Day. You can plant a tree, make a meal with locally grown vegetables, or save power —the possibilities are endless.CDoes the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question 7（suggest）that, for most students,it doesn’t. What students do at college seems to matter much more than8they go. The students benefitting most from college are those9are totally engaged（参与）in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances an d resources（资源）. Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend,and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and10（meaning）college experience.2018全国I卷According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __ 1__(long) than non-runners, You don't have to run fast or for long _ 2__(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _ 3__(die) early by running.While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it _4___(be)more effective at lengthening life _5__ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in2014__6___showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __7___（cause）.The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise...it's probably running.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to___8__(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always_9___(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give____10_ a try.2018全国II卷Diets have changed in china-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1__ (grow) more corn than rice.Corn production has jumped nearly125 percent over2__ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is3___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.Another reason for corn's rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice4____(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water _5 __ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥)runoff. This switch has decreased 6__ ___ (pollute)in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank,China accounts for about30percent of total 7____(globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between2005-when the government8___(start)a soil-testing program9 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by7.7million tons.That prevented the emission(排放)of51.8million tons of carbon dioxide.China's approach to protecting its environment while10 __(feed)its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，”says the bank's Juergen V oegele.2018全国III卷I'm not sure1is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere.I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at2top of her lungs.That makes her baby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the3(loud)of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid4 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel5(challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor.I'm a6(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching7these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.No one had seen them for hours,and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find8 (they)alive.True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature,the huge animal9 (mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me10(stay)and watch.2018浙江卷Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 1(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners2cometo China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 3can be to eat out. I still remember4(visit)a friend who’d lived here for five years and I5(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.While regularly eating out seems to6(become) common for many young people in recent years,it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be7(afford)but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even8(high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in9(weigh) problems.If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home __10__ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.参考答案2020全国I卷1. touched2. extremely3. where4. interest5. than6. to find7. means8. is constructed9. much10. its2020山东卷1. wealthy2. or3. formed4. which/that5. are called6. is7. themselves8. walking9. accuracy10. for2020全国II卷1. celebration2. carries3. coming4. than5. decorated6. Certainly7. with8. to care9. beautiful10. the2020全国III卷1 whose2 finest3 be chosen4 curiosity5 when/as6 pointed7 to find8 gently9 surrounding10 on2020浙江卷1 in 2.what 3.than 4.was needed 5 to change6.had discovered7. seasons8. making9. the10. meant2019全国I1. that2. poorly3. of/for4. to perform5.have reported6. belief7. noting8. higher9. the10. are2019全国II1. being2. which3. finally4. declared5. to retire6. have made7. but8. saying9. a10. wonderful2019全国III1. so2. to get3. of4. who5.recommended6. competition7. traditional8. hugely9. were10. listening2019浙江1 has/will have2 the3 that/which4 cycling5 easily6 to7 improved8 to wear9 connection/connections 10 traditional2018.11月浙江卷1 have used / have been using2 is (was)3 Recently4 or5 in6 them7 called8 that9. women10 to have2019北京1. voiced2. facing3. myself4. marked5.in6.activities7. suggests/suggested/has suggested8. where9. who/that10. meaningful2018全国I1 longer2 to see3 dying4 is5 than6 that/which7 causes8 strengthen9 energetic10 it2018全国II1 has grown2 the3 actually4 to improve5 than6 pollution7 global8 started9 that/which10 feeding2018III1. who2. the3. loudest4. looking5. challenged6. scientist7. for8. them9. meant 10. to stay2018浙江1.dishes2.who/that3.it4.visiting5.was shocked6.have become7.affordable8.higher9.weight10.for。

第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Color is fundamental基本的in home design——something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp抓住of how to manage管理color in your spaces空间is one of the first steps第一步to creating创造rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life充满活力? Professional职业的? Or are you just looking for寻找a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key 关键to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of大量的different techniques技术to help designers设计师approach靠近；处理this important point点. 37 , they can get a little有点complex复杂.But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of三种decisions决定you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium中等ones, and the large ones.38 . They’re the little spots斑点；色块of color like throw pillows枕头,mirrors镜子and baskets篮子that most of us use to add 增加visual视觉的interest to our rooms .Less tiring疲劳than painting 粉刷your walls and less expensive花费than buying a colorful彩色的sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant显著的benefit 好处of being easily changeable可改变的.Medium color choices are generally furniture家具pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves书柜39 . They require需要a bigger commitment投入；承诺than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect有力的影响on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern担心the walls, ceilings天花板, and floors .Whether you’re looking at wallpaper墙纸or paint油漆, the time, effort and relative相关的expense费用put into it are significant. 40 .A. While all of them are usefulB. Whatever you’re looking forC. If you’re experimenting做实验with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar熟悉withE. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major主要的ways色彩是家居设计的基本元素——你在每个房间都会拥有。

考点4 语法填空(2018·全国卷Ⅰ·语法填空)话题:动物保护词数:189难度:★★★Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top61 (attract).So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 62(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be63 (official)given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back64my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,65 I was the first Western TV reporter66(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include67 (introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by68(it)mother. The nursery team switches him every few69(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70other is with mum—she never suspects.61.【解析】attraction。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so ________ his body wouldn't lose too much water.2．I think what ________ (impress) me about his painting is the colors he uses.3．Caroline doesn't have ________ gift for music，but she makes up for it with hard work. 4．Arriving there was rather ________(tire)，but I managed ________(catch) a taxi to my accommodation and settle in.5．The Yellow River is the second ________(long) river in China.6．________ (deep) impressed with the sights，he decided to stay another week.7．Your house is always so neat—how do you manage ________ with three children?8．We all agreed to set out ________ dawn tomorrow morning.9．He became ________ (wealth) through hard work and careful saving.10．We should consider the students' request ________ the school library should provide more books on popular science.答案 1.that 2.impresses 3.a 4.tiring；to catch 5．longest 6.Deeply7.it8.at9.wealthy 10.thatⅡ.单句改错(每句仅1处错误)1．The harbor was full of soldiers with baggages.2．He asked how the distance was between Beijing and Qingdao.3．We couldn't decide whether to go to eastward or westward.4．Have you ever dreamed of there is such a good chance for further education abroad?5．I always prefer to start early，rather than leaving everything to the last minute.6．I still find it terrified to find myself surrounded by large numbers of horses.7．It was until then that he realized the importance of the problem.8．We had few days together last Christmas，because they spent most of their time visited friends. 9．The fact has worried many scientists when the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. 10．During the Mid-Autumn Festival，it is tradition for Chinese to sit together and eat moon cakes andfruit，enjoying the full moon together.答案 1.baggages→baggage 2.how→what 3.去掉go后面的to 4.is→being 5.leaving→leave 6.terrified→terrifying7.was后加not8.visited→visiting9.when→that10.tradition前加aⅢ.单元考点作文串记(一)根据提示翻译句子1．游览加拿大一直是我们的梦想。

2018高考英语语法填空及答案（一卷，二卷，三卷）（一卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runnerslive three years61(long) thannon-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long62(see)the benefit. Youmaydrink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regularlycan't make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be)more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authorsof the review also made a study published in 201466showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and w ill do.But otherwise…it's probablyrunning.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always 69(energy).If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to getthe same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give 70a try.（二卷）Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country 61 （grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over62past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is63(actual) behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice64(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water65rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased66(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.zxxkAccording to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total67(globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government68(start) a soil-testing program69gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers —and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.China’s approach to protecting its environment while70(feed) its citizens ＂offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.＂says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.（三卷）I’m not sure61 is more frightened,me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）thatsuddenly appears out of nowhere.I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central AfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,I’m face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs.That makes her baby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears.Hescreams the 63 (loud)of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chestand charges toward me.I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid 64 (look)directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel65 (challenge).My name is Mir eya Mayor.I’m a 66 (science)who studies animals such as apesand monkeys.I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas I’d beenobserving.No one had seen them for hours,and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find 68 (they)alive.True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature,the huge animal 69 (mean)me no realharm.He was just saying:"I’m king of this forest,and here is your reminder!"Once hismessage was delivered,he allowed me 70 (stay)and watch.（一卷答案）61.longer 62.to see 63.dying 64.is 65.than 66.that \which67.causes68.strengthen 69.energetic 70.it \running（二卷答案）61. has grown 62. the 63. actually 64. to improve 65. than66. pollution 67. global 68. started 69. that/which 70. feeding（三卷答案）61. which 62. the 63. loudest 64. looking 65. challenged66. scientist 67. for 68. them 69. meant 70. to stay高考一、考试中途应饮葡萄糖水大脑是记忆的场所，脑中有数亿个神经细胞在不停地进行着繁重的活动,大脑细胞活动需要大量能量。

2018年高考全国卷(I,II,III) 英语语法填空原卷及详解___ muscles。

and ___。

Running can also improve mental health and ce stress.___。

runners tend to live three years longer than non-runners。

The benefits of running can be seen even if you don't run fast orfor long ds of time。

Running can ce the risk of early death。

evenif you drink。

smoke。

or ___.___ running is ___。

cycling。

or ___。

a study published in 2014 showed that just five to 10 minutes of running per day can ce the risk of heart disease and early death from any cause.While the best exercise is one that you enjoy and will stick to。

running is a great n。

To avoid knee pain。

you can run on soft surfaces。

do ___ muscles。

and ___。

Running can also have positive effects on mental health by cing stress.A ___。

___ instead of rice。

Furthermore。

the government incentivizes this shift towards corn n as it requires less water and generates less fertilizer runoff。

2018年6月高考真题上海卷英语试卷-学生用卷一、语法填空（本大题共10小题）1、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷第21~30题A comprehensive study of 4, 500 children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in 2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of premature thinning of their brain's cortex—the outer layer that processes sensory information. "We don't know if it1（cause）by the screen time. We don't know yet if it's a bad thing. It won't be until we follow them over time2we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we're seeing in this single snapshot, " Dr. Gaya Dowling. "What we can say is that this is3the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it's not just one pattern."The problem isn't just screens4, but also the way screens tempt kids （and adults）away from something far more important: physical activity. More than 23 percent of adults and 80 percent of adolescents don't get enough physical activity, and according to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization（WHO）, these patterns of activity and restarise5habits we develop early in life. "What we really need to dois6（bring）back play for children, " says Dr. Juana Willumsen, a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity, in a statement about new WHO guidelines issued in April 2019. "This is about making the shift from sedentary time to playtime,while7（protect）sleep." Of course, children aren't completely to blame for their screen addiction.Sometimes, the parents8complain about the role of screens in familylife are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. A 2016study9（conduct）by Common Sense Media found that parents spend up to nine hours a day in front of screens, mostly not for work-related reasons. While 78 percent of parents said they believed they were good screen time role models, the study found a disconnect between their behavior and their perception of their behavior. Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids—10it means playing the bad guy. Our mental and physical health depends on it.二、选词填空（本大题共10小题）2、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷第31~40题Some Very "American" Words Come from ChineseMany of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese（粤语） or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin. Let's start with them.kowtowThe English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems1. It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means "knock your head". It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one's head as a sign of respect to2—such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. Britain's Lord George Macartney refused to "kau tau" to the Qianlong Emperor. Soon after, the English word "kowtow" was born. In 1793, Britain's King George Ⅲ sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to Chinato3 a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his4to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king.It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection.gung-hoAnother borrowed word that came about through5between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters "gōng" and "hé" together mean "work together, cooperate." The original term—gōngyèhézuòshè—means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development. Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine Corps observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying "…all the soldiers6themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over." He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had7. In 1942, he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War Ⅱ. The men were often called the "Gung Ho Battalion". From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan throughout the Marine Corps. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military.typhoonIn English, a typhoon is a very powerful and8storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were called "touffons" or "tufans". The word tufan or al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and borrowed it as touffon. Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means "great wind". The word's9to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word—typhoon—was influenced by the Cantonese but10to make it appear more Greek.三、完形填空（本大题共15小题）3、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷第41~55题When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates.1, they stick to G-rated activities such as rock-climbing or talking about books.They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into2.The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U.S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous（急剧的）3in the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas.To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, butthe4have slimmed considerably. Teens have also reported a steady decline in sexual activity in recent decades, as the portion of high school students who have had sex fell from 54 percent in 1991 to 41 percent in 2015, according to Centers for Disease Control statistics. "People say, 'Oh, it's because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring, ' butthey're5the larger trend, " said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may beless6in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today's society, they no longer need to.According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's "life strategy" slows down or speeds up depending on his or her7, exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable"environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment hasthe8effect, the study said. In the first9, "You'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more10and fewer resources, " said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of "iGen: Why Today's Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy—and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood."In that model, a teenage boy might be thinking more11about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for "establishing mate value based on procurement of resources, " the study said. But America is shifting more towardthe12model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. "Even in families whose parents didn't have a college education…families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully13has really sunk in."The14of "adult activities" could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurriculars as they did in the 1990s （with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly）. Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirelythe15, the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available. If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said.A. ThereforeB. RatherC. MoreoverD. BesidesA. childhoodB. neighborhoodC. adolescentsD. adulthoodA. escapesB. endsC. decreasesD. changesA. minoritiesB. majoritiesC. massesD. amountsA. takingB. avoidingC. sendingD. missingA. interestedB. enviedC. relievedD. realizedA. emotionsB. surroundingsC. customsD. habitsA. wrongB. sameC. oppositeD. similarA. eventB. issueC. caseD. occasionA. troubleB. questionsC. benefitsD. diseasesA. respectivelyB. delicatelyC. seriouslyD. considerablyA. slowerB. betterC. smallerD. fasterA. emphasizedB. relatedC. organizedD. educatedA. implementB. postponementC. achievementD. paymentA. causeB. impactC. factD. result四、阅读理解（本大题共11小题）4、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷（A篇）第56~59题Bitcoin and other so-called cryptocurrencies（加密货币） have been all over the news lately. Apparently, the idea of money that's not tied to a specific bank—or a specific country—is appealing to many. But it's worth remembering that the banking system that we now all live with is just that: A modern invention. Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common.（In fact, it still is common among many online local networks, like the Buy Nothing Project. ）In the past, money's makeup varied from place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. So while some of the world's first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum（银金矿）, objects other than coins have served as currency, including beads, ivory, livestock, and cowrie shells. In West Africa, bracelets of bronze or copper were used as cash, especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there. Throughout the colonial period, tobacco was used to replace coins or paper bills in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina, even though it was used elsewhere in the colonies and extensively throughout Europe and the U. K.Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency—and some people there are even hoarding（贮存） it, just like Bitcoin moguls, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination. On Malaita, the most populated island that's part of the Solomon Islands, shells are accepted at most places in exchange for goods."How much tuna（金枪鱼） you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape, " Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the small town of Auki, on Malaita, told Vice. "One strip of darker shells might get you about two cans of smaller tuna, but the red ones are worth more. For the red ones, one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time."Just like a mint that creates coins, there's only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together to form 3-foot-long ropes, are made. The strips of red, white, and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon, where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals. Once marooned（困住） out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themselves, and so the shell currency was born.Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like cryptocurrencies, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of money, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed, strung-together shells, but what is a pile of dollars? Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we've assigned value to—and probably less durable over time than those shells.(1) According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Money was created and was widely used in the world.B. Tobacco was used as coins or paper bills in American in the past.C. The ingredients of the world's first coins may be the combination of gold and silver.D. Using shells for money has been out of date in the world.(2) The word "mint" in paragraph 5 is closest in the meaning to "".A. a kind of money that can exchangeB. the leaves of a mint plant used fresh or candiedC. a place to produce and polish shellsD. a factory that produces currency(3) What's opinion of the author towards shells for money?A. Reasonable.B. Imaginary.C. Convenient.D. Inventive.(4) Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The History of BitcoinB. Shells Still MoneyC. The Currency Is of Great UseD. Some Shells5、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷（B篇）第60~62题Moving a GiantThe logistics of excavating（挖掘） and relocating a town's century-old, living sequoia（红杉）tree. Inhabitants of Boise, Idaho, watched with trepidation earlier this year as the city's oldest, tallest resident moved two blocks. The 105-year-old sequoia tree serves as a local landmark, not only for its longevity but also because renowned naturalist and Sierra Club co-founder John Muir provided the original seedling. So, when Saint Luke's Health System found that the 10-story-tall conifer（针叶树）TAL#NBSP stood in the way of its planned hospital expansion, officials called tree-moving firm Environmental Design.The Texas-based company has developed and patented scooping and lifting technology to move massive trees. Weighing in at more than 800, 000 pounds, the Boise sequoia is its largest undertaking yet. "I（had）lost enough sleep over this, " says David Cox, the company's Western region vice president—and that was before the hospital mentioned the tree's distinguished origin. Before the heavy lifting began, the team assessed the root system and dug a five-foot-deep cylinder, measuring 40 feet in diameter, around the trunk to protect all essential roots. After encapsulating the root ball in wire mesh, the movers allowed the tree to adapt to its new situation for seven months before relocating it. The illustration details what followed. —Leslie Nemo1. Mark A. Merit and his team at Environmental Design installed underneath the root ball a platform of seven-inch-diameter, 44-foot-long steel bars and, just below the rods, a first set of uninflated airbags （shown in gray）. The team also dug a shallow ramp.2. In roughly 15 minutes, the movers inflated the airbags to about three feet in diameter to raise the root ball to the surface of the hole.3. By underinflating the front bags, the team allowed the platform carrying the tree to roll up the ramp and out of the hole while staying level. A trailer hauled the tree along as team members removed the airbags from the back of the platform and replaced them in the front. They repeated the process until the tree arrived at the edge of its new home.4. There a second set of partially inflated bags（shown in white）waited inside the hole. Soil surrounding the sequoia in its original location was relocated as well, because trees are more likely to survive a transplant when they move with their original soil.5. Using the first set of airbags, the movers rolled the platform into the new hole.6. The bags waiting there were then inflated further to take the weight of the sequoia while the transportation bags were deflated and removed from under the tree.7. The white bags were then deflated in about half an hour to lower the sequoia's root ball to the bottom of its hole. The bags were removed, but the metal bars were left with the tree because they rust and degrade over a number of years.8. For the next five years the local park service will monitor and maintain the tree in its new home. (1) Which of the following words can be used to replace the words underlined "TAL#NBSP stood in the way of"?A. Resisted.B. Balanced.C. Blocked.D. Promoted.(2) What is the reason for the relocation of Sequoia trees?A. Because the Scooping and lifting technology should be put into use.B. Because it blocks local hospital expansion plans.C. Because it corresponds to government's plan of Environmental Design.D. Because sequoia trees are over a hundred years old.(3) How will the migrated sequoia trees be dealt with?A. They will be given new soil in the new living environment.B. Metal rods used to move sequoia trees will not be left on the trees.C. They will be kept in transport bags all the time.D. They will be managed by specialists in the next five years.6、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷（C篇）第63~66题Understand the Economic Concept of a Budget LineThe term "budget line" has several related meanings, including a couple that are self-evident and a third that is not.The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer UnderstandingThe budget line is an elementary concept that most consumers understand intuitively without a need for graphs and equations—it's the household budget, for example.Taken informally, the budget line describes the boundary of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.Given a limited amount of money, a consumer can only spend that same amount buying goods. If the consumer has X amount of money and wants to buy two goods A and B, she can only purchase goods totaling X. If the consumer needs an amount of A costing 0.75 X, she can then spend only 0.25 X, the amount remaining, on her purchase of B.This seems almost too obvious to bother writing or reading about. As it turns out, however, this same concept—one that most consumers make many times each day with reflecting on it—is the basis of the more formal budget line concept in economics, which is explained below.Lines in a BudgetBefore turning to the economics definition of "budget line", consider another concept: the line-item budget. This is effectively a map of future expenditures, with all the constituent expenditures individually noted and quantified. There's nothing very complicated about this; in this usage, a budget line is one of the lines in the budget, with the service or good to be purchased named and the cost quantified.The Budget Line as an Economics ConceptOne of the interesting ways the study of economics relates to human behavior generally is that a lot of economic theory is the formalization of the kind of simple concept outlined above—a consumer's informal understanding of the amount she has to spend and what that amount will buy.In the process of formalization, the concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation that can be applied generally.A Simple Budget Line GraphTo understand this, think of a graph where the vertical lines quantify how many movie tickets you can buy and where the horizontal lines do the same for crime novels. You like going to the movies and reading crime novels and you have ＄150 to spend. In the example below, assume that each movie costs ＄10 and each crime novel costs ＄15. The more formal economics term for these two items is budget set.If movies cost ＄10 each, then the maximum number of movies you can see with the money available is 15. To note this you make a dot at the number 15（for total movie tickets）at the extreme left-hand side of the chart. This same dot appears at the extreme left above "0" on the horizontal axis because you have no money left for books—the number of books available in this example is 0.You can also graph the other extreme—all crime novels and no movies. Since crime novels in the example cost ＄15 and you have ＄150 available, if you spend all the available money crime novels, you can buy 10. So you put a dot on the horizontal axis at the number 10.You'll place the dot at the bottom of the vertical axis because in this instance you have ＄0 available for movie tickets.If you now draw a line from the highest, leftmost dot to the lowest, rightmost dot you'll have created a budget line. Any combination of movies and crime novels that falls below the budget line is affordable. Any combination above it is not.(1) Which sentence about the budget line is NOT TRUE?A. It is a limitation of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.B. Most costumers will be confused with this concept because of its complex.C. It is the effectively a map of future expenditures.D. It can be expressed as a mathematical equation.(2) What is the purpose of the passage?A. To tell us any concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation.B. To help us figure out the meaning Budget Line.C. To tell us we should budget before we buy goods.D. To give an instruction of drawing a budget Line.(3) Assume that each movie costs ＄10 and each crime novel costs ＄15, you have ＄150. Which is RIGHT according to this passage?A. The maximum number of movies you can see is 10.B. The maximum number of crime novels you can buy is 15.C. You can buy 7 crime novels and see 5 movies.D. You can buy 7 crime novels and see 4 movies.(4) What is the best title of this passage?A. Are we really know the economic concept of a budget line?B. The Budget Line as an Economics ConceptC. The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer UnderstandingD. The Complex Concept—Budget Line五、信息匹配（本大题共4小题）7、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷第67~70题Magazine Articles: More Valuable Than You May ThinkParents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. Read on to learn about the benefits that reading magazines offers to young readers and how to introduce your children to the medium.Magazine BenefitsMagazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively, breezy writing style that can inspire them to read more.The articles in magazines are generally short, which allows a child to finish reading a feature article without losing interest due to a short attention span. The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children's publication.By allowing your child to read magazines at an early age, you are encouraging development of a useful skill.1Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit of reading news articles that may continue into adulthood.2Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world view. Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable. Many publications cover the same material in different writing styles that might make it easier for your child to comprehend. Magazine ActivitiesReading magazines as a family can be used to introduce each other to the various interests that each family member possesses. When your children are finished with their magazines, encourage them to pass their issue on to a sibling or other family member.Once each family member has finished reading each magazine, you can use them for art and writing projects. These projects are for family members of all ages:1. Cut out pictures to help your preschool and kindergarten children learn their alphabet, numbers, and colors.2.3Paste the picture at the top of a page and have them write a story about what is happening or what the picture represents.3. Clip pictures to create a collage. Many teenagers love using their artistic talents to collage.4The skills that students utilize and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied to higher level reading and other academic subjects. Encouraging your child to read by giving them a magazine subscription could cause them to take the leap from being a reluctant reader to a voracious page-turner.A. The format of magazines enables children to be exposed to a wide variety of subjects.B. Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news.C. Being exposed to magazines and newspapers benefits you a lot.D. Keep interesting magazine pictures to give children story ideas.E. Magazines are valuable assets for many people, but in particular to children.F. Magazines and newspapers are expensive now but out of style.六、概要写作（本大题共1小题）8、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷第71题Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Becoming an Attractive EmployeeThe 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fast-forward to the present, and the economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it's of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it's especially important for those new to the work force. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers.For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking expertise（专业技能） in technology, marketing and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask.Another attractive quality is experience. It's important that an applicant's resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. Membership in a sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see a candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments.Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around.In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: "What would be expected of me as an employee? " In today's tough job market, young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them.七、翻译（本大题共4小题）9、【来源】 2018年6月高考真题上海卷第72题翻译我看到他换上徒步鞋，走向草坪。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Open all the ________ (curtain) and turn up the lights.(2015·全国Ⅱ，阅读B)2．________ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015·安徽，27)3．________(item) like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity.(2015·江苏，阅读C)4．My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor while I ________ (pack) them up.5．She would push my dirty clothing over，and I would lay my books on her tidy desk.We both got tired ________ each other.6．In his application for the volunteer job，the author went through ________(challenge) survival tests. 7．It was a rainy morning and the children，mainly boys with various learning difficulties，refused ________ (settle) for the start of the lesson.8．If you're truly ________ (concern)，you'll know when your neighbor needs some cheering up—a bunch of flowers or a helping hand when it's needed.9．A few people ________(agree) while most people ________(agree)，so no ________(agree) was made.10．________(concern) the toll-free(免交通费) policy on the express way，what ________(concern) us most is the traffic jams while some ________(concern) about the safety.答案 1.curtains 2.Ignoring 3.Items 4.was packing 5．of 6.challenging7.to settle 8.concerned9.agreed；disagreed；agreement10.Concerning；concerns；are concernedⅡ.单句改错(每句仅1处错误)1．I wasn't doing anything on the purpose to make myself better.2．I went to live there in order to being near him.3．They have got the power to changing the world.4．But then I guess I couldn't stand it longer.5．It's no pleasure go camping on such a foggy day.6．Students are provided with breakfast，dinner and either a cooked or packing lunch.7．Her bike was broken，so she had to get it repairing.8．His carelessness made our company suffer from great loss.9．While crossed the road，he was knocked over by a truck.10．Since we all live under one room，we should learn how to get along good with one another.答案 1.去掉the 2.being→be 3.changing→change 4．longer前加any 5.go→going 6.packing→packed 7．repairing→repaired8.去掉from9.crossed→crossing10.good→wellⅢ.单元考点作文串记(一)根据提示翻译句子1．去年，李华前往美国读书。