2018高考英语(通用版)短文语法填空汇编(解析版共15页)(最新整理)

2018年高考英语真题分类汇编专题15-16：语法填空与短文改错(含解析)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal。

runners live three years longer than non-runners。

You don't haveto run fast or for long to see the benefit。

You may drink。

smoke。

be overweight and still ce your risk of dying early by running.While running regularly can make you live longer。

thereview says it is more effective at XXX walking。

cycling or swimming。

Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed that a mere five to 10 minutes aday of running ced the risk of heart disease and early deaths fromall causes.XXX best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do。

but otherwise。

it'XXX。

you can run on soft XXX.Running is a great form of XXX。

All you need is a pair of good running shoes and a willingness to get started。

Running isnot only cheap。

高考真题英语全国卷语法填空Document number 【980KGB-6898YT-769T8CB-246UT-18GG08】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce yourrisk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showeda mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get goodrunning shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

2018-2011历年高考语法填空真题2018（一卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runnerslive three years61(long) thannon-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long62(see)the benefit. Youmaydrink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regularlycan't make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be)more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authorsof the review also made a study published in 201466showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise…it's probablyrunning.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always 69(energy).If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to getthe same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give 70a try.2018（二卷）Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country 61 （grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over62 past25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is63 (actual) behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: Th e government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water65rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased66(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.zxxkAccording to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government68 (start) a soil-testing program69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers —and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.China’s approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens ＂offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.＂says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.2018（三卷）I’m not sure61 is more frightened,me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）thatsuddenly appears out of nowhere.I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central AfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,I’m face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs.That makes her baby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears.Hescreams the 63 (loud)of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chestand charges toward me.I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid 64 (look)directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel65 (challenge).My name is Mir eya Mayor.I’m a 66 (science)who studies animals such as apesand monkeys.I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas I’d beenobserving.No one had seen them for hours,and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find 68 (they)alive.True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature,the huge animal 69 (mean)me no realharm.He was just saying:"I’m king of this forest,and here is your reminder!"Once hismessage was delivered,he allowed me 70 (stay)and watch.（一卷答案）61.longer 62.to see 63.dying 64.is 65.than 66.that \which 67.causes68.strengthen 69.energetic 70.it \running（二卷答案）61. has grown 62. the 63. actually 64. to improve 65. than66. pollution 67. global 68. started 69. that/which 70. feeding（三卷答案）61. which 62. the 63. loudest 64. looking 65. challenged66. scientist 67. for 68. them 69. meant 70. to stay1. （2017全国Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

（共10套285页）2018年高考语法真题分类汇总（含所有高考考点）2018年高考动词的时态和语态及情态动词1.【2018·北京】1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started【答案】C【解析】考查时态。

句意：——嗨，我是彼得。

你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。

——你好，彼得。

我是鲍勃。

我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。

根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。

点睛：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday，last week，in the past，in 2017，once，a few days ago等。

2.【2018·北京】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked【答案】B点睛：过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。

3.【2018·北京】7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown【答案】B【解析】考查时态。

高考英语语法填空题解析整理表姓名:职业工种:申请级别:受理机构:填报日期:A4打印/ 修订/ 内容可编辑高考英语语法填空题解析原创作品：命题素材来源于歌手Lenka的歌曲trouble is a friend。

根据考纲要求以及全国卷的题型，本篇语法填空涵盖了冠词、动词时态、从句非谓语以及词性变换等知识点。

要求学生掌握基本的词性变换以及非谓语和从句的基本知识。

试题难度中等。

Life is beautiful but it is also full of various troubles. Everyone may meet some troubles. Some choose to give in, while others decide to keep up. From 1 point of my view, trouble is a friend, 2 will help us on the way to success.My family 3 (break)up when I was ten. I chose to live with my mother. 4 (lucky), my mother didn’t give in in spite of hardships. She was still optimistic and positive as well. She often encouraged me 5 (live)in dependence. 6 (influence) by her, I tried to keep up working hard. With mother’s love and my own hard work, I became tough and independent. In my school, I performed 7 (good) than before. Teachers and friends around me all thought highly of me, which gave me 8 (confident) in return. 9 graduation, I got a job with a good salary. Hard as life was, mother and I led a happy life.10 (look) back to the old days, I think we should not fear trouble. Just face it, learn from it and treat it as a friend. At last, you will benefit from it .标准答案：每小题1.5分共15分1、the 固定搭配的考察from the point of my view 就我个人的观点2、who 非限制性定语从句的考察3、broke 动词时态的考察4、luckily 副词可以修饰整个句子，考察形容词到副词的转变5、to live 动词不定式，encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事6、Influenced 非谓语动词过去分词的考察，主语I 和influence存在被动关系7、better 形容词比较级的考察8、confidence 形容词变名词的考察9、after 介词的考察10、Looking 非谓语动词-ing的考察，主语I和look是主动关系整理丨尼克本文档信息来自于网络，如您发现内容不准确或不完善，欢迎您联系我修正；如您发现内容涉嫌侵权，请与我们联系，我们将按照相关法律规定及时处理。

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

2020全国I卷China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Chang’e-4probe(探测器)-the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess1(touch)down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is2(extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot3it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.The far side of the moon is of particular4 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)，more so5 the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-46(find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.＂This really excites scientists,＂Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,＂because it7(mean)we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon8(construct)＂Data about the moon’s composition,such as how 9ice and other treasures it contains,could help China decide whether10 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.2020新高考山东卷Many people have the hobby of collecting things,e.g.stamps,postcards or antiques.In the18th and19th centuries,1(wealth)people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big2until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,3(form)the core collection of the British Museum4opened in 1759.The parts of a museum open to the public5(call)galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection6(be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors.As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟）and imagine 7(they) living at a different time in history or8(walk) through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York,the city's Viking settlement is recreated,and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical9(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.Museums must compete10people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.2020全国II卷Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is a1(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.This is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers 2(carry) special significance. They represent the earth___3(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:Oranges: Orange trees are more4decoration; they are a symbol of goodfortune and wealth.They make great gifs and you see them many times5 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office.___ 6(certain) during the holiday period, this plant isa must. Bamboo plants are associated7health, abundance and a happy home.They are easy8(care) for and make great presents.Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花):The9(beauty)long branchescovered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are10 _first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化). They represent the promiseof spring and a renewal of life.2020全国III卷In ancient China lived an artist 1.________ paintings were almost lifelike. Theartist's reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 2.________ (fine)work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would. 3.___________(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, theold man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River- perhaps hecould learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.Filled with 4.________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 5._______he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 6._________ (point) down the river. The next morninghe hired a boat and set out7.________ (find) the well-known painter. As the smallboat moved.8.________(gentle)along the river he was left speechless by themountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls andmountains in many shades of blue; And when he saw the mists rising from the riverand the soft clouds9._________(surround)the mountain tops,he was reduced totears.The artist was finally humbled(谦卑)by the greatest artist10._____earth,Mother Nature.2020.7月浙江卷Some time after 10，000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control theworld they lived1，through agriculture. Over thousands of years，they beganto depend less on2could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more onanimals they had raised and crops they had sown.Farming produced more food per person3hunting and gathering，sopeople were able to raise more children. And，as more children were born，more food4___（need）.Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power oftechnology5（change）lives.By about6000BC，people6（discover）the best crops to grow andanimals to raise. Later，they learned to work with the7（season），planting at theright time and，in dry areas，8（make）use of annual floods to irrigate（灌溉）their fields.This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then，with9rise of science，changes began. New methods10（mean）that fewer people worked in farming.In the last century or so，these changes have accelerated.New power machinery and artificial fertilizers（化肥）have now totally transformed a way，of life that started in the Stone Age.2019全国I卷The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of88°,there is evidence1 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.Modern methods3tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive4(perform)consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut5(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a6(believe)that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by7(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are8(high)than they actually are.Of69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six10(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.2019全国II卷A 90-year-old has been awarded "Woman Of The Year" for1（be）Britain's oldest full-time employee— still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,2she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have3（final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene4（declare）she had no plans5（retire）from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, "I don't see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I6（make）over the years. I work not because I have to,7because I want to."Granddaughter Gayle Parks,31—who works alongside her in the family business— said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said,"We don't have any idea who put grandma forward.When we got a call8（say）she was short-listed,we thought it was9joke.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.We are so proud of her.It's10 (wonder）.”2019全国III卷On our way to the house，it was raining1hard that we couldn't helpwondering how long it would take2（get）there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack3dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters4had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and5（recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya （木瓜）and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting6（compete）to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many7（tradition）stories about Hawaii that were8（huge）popular with tourists.On the last day of our week-long stay，we9（invite）to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，10（listen）to musicians and meeting interesting locals.2019浙江卷There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea.First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _1________ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).Everybody wears_2________same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways,A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform.On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth _3________gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or _4________ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can _5________ (easy) see them.But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer _6________ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades _7________ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want 8_________(wear)the uniform.Other American studies showed no _9________(connect) between uniforms and school performance.School uniforms are_10________(tradition)in Britain,but some schools are starting to get rid of them.Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.2018.11月浙江卷The Caffeine CatchCaffeine,a chemical typically found in coffee,has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply.You probably1(use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine2(be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. Soft drinks are the major source(来源)of caffeine for most children and even some adults.3(recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.Small amounts of caffeine-a cup4two of coffee a day-seem safe for most people. However, some people have trouble with even small amounts. One cup of coffee5the late afternoon or evening will cause6(they)to stayawake almost all rger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem7 (call) caffeinism. You get very nervous and you can't sleep.It is possible8caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷）in humans,too. One study showed that9(woman)who drank a lot of coffee,like eight or more cups per day,while they were pregnant were more likely10(have) children with birth defects2019北京卷AOn the first day of my first grade,I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I1（voice）my biggest concern to my mother.＂How will I make friends?＂She handed me advice.＂Be yourself.＂For the past20years.I have lived by these words.Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously2（face）challenges, I know I will whisper to3（I）the two simple words＂Be yourself＂.BEarth Day,4（mark）on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.First celebrated51970,the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions（地区）. No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various6（activity）on Earth Day. You can plant a tree, make a meal with locally grown vegetables, or save power —the possibilities are endless.CDoes the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question 7（suggest）that, for most students,it doesn’t. What students do at college seems to matter much more than8they go. The students benefitting most from college are those9are totally engaged（参与）in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances an d resources（资源）. Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend,and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and10（meaning）college experience.2018全国I卷According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __ 1__(long) than non-runners, You don't have to run fast or for long _ 2__(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _ 3__(die) early by running.While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it _4___(be)more effective at lengthening life _5__ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in2014__6___showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __7___（cause）.The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise...it's probably running.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to___8__(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always_9___(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give____10_ a try.2018全国II卷Diets have changed in china-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 1__ (grow) more corn than rice.Corn production has jumped nearly125 percent over2__ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is3___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.Another reason for corn's rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice4____(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water _5 __ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥)runoff. This switch has decreased 6__ ___ (pollute)in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank,China accounts for about30percent of total 7____(globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between2005-when the government8___(start)a soil-testing program9 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by7.7million tons.That prevented the emission(排放)of51.8million tons of carbon dioxide.China's approach to protecting its environment while10 __(feed)its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，”says the bank's Juergen V oegele.2018全国III卷I'm not sure1is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere.I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at2top of her lungs.That makes her baby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the3(loud)of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid4 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel5(challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor.I'm a6(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching7these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.No one had seen them for hours,and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find8 (they)alive.True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature,the huge animal9 (mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me10(stay)and watch.2018浙江卷Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 1(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners2cometo China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 3can be to eat out. I still remember4(visit)a friend who’d lived here for five years and I5(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.While regularly eating out seems to6(become) common for many young people in recent years,it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be7(afford)but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even8(high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in9(weigh) problems.If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home __10__ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.参考答案2020全国I卷1. touched2. extremely3. where4. interest5. than6. to find7. means8. is constructed9. much10. its2020山东卷1. wealthy2. or3. formed4. which/that5. are called6. is7. themselves8. walking9. accuracy10. for2020全国II卷1. celebration2. carries3. coming4. than5. decorated6. Certainly7. with8. to care9. beautiful10. the2020全国III卷1 whose2 finest3 be chosen4 curiosity5 when/as6 pointed7 to find8 gently9 surrounding10 on2020浙江卷1 in 2.what 3.than 4.was needed 5 to change6.had discovered7. seasons8. making9. the10. meant2019全国I1. that2. poorly3. of/for4. to perform5.have reported6. belief7. noting8. higher9. the10. are2019全国II1. being2. which3. finally4. declared5. to retire6. have made7. but8. saying9. a10. wonderful2019全国III1. so2. to get3. of4. who5.recommended6. competition7. traditional8. hugely9. were10. listening2019浙江1 has/will have2 the3 that/which4 cycling5 easily6 to7 improved8 to wear9 connection/connections 10 traditional2018.11月浙江卷1 have used / have been using2 is (was)3 Recently4 or5 in6 them7 called8 that9. women10 to have2019北京1. voiced2. facing3. myself4. marked5.in6.activities7. suggests/suggested/has suggested8. where9. who/that10. meaningful2018全国I1 longer2 to see3 dying4 is5 than6 that/which7 causes8 strengthen9 energetic10 it2018全国II1 has grown2 the3 actually4 to improve5 than6 pollution7 global8 started9 that/which10 feeding2018III1. who2. the3. loudest4. looking5. challenged6. scientist7. for8. them9. meant 10. to stay2018浙江1.dishes2.who/that3.it4.visiting5.was shocked6.have become7.affordable8.higher9.weight10.for。

A（2018全国一卷）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long 62 (see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regatesalstly cann't make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap,easy and it's always 69 (energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.B（2018全国二卷）Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country 61 （grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.C（2018全国三卷）I'm not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 63 (loud) of all. The noiseshakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel 65 (challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a 66 (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive. True to gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 (mean) no real harm. He was just saying: “I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch.D（2017全国一卷）There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.E（2017全国二卷）In 1863, the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible __61__(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ___62__ word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ____63___(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.Steam engines ___65__(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been___66__(fair)unpleasant for the passsengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using___67__ every day.Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) ofelectric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___(success) ofthese new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.F（2017全国三卷）She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning $6,500 a day as 62 model in New York.Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter, 44,want her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture.Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school ___69 (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model my more.”G（2016全国一卷）Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract).So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 62 (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that while one is beingbottle-fed, 70 other is with mum—she never suspects.H（2016全国二卷）If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of61 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of62 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63 (be) often acceptable.Most of us are more focused 64 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 70 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.I（2016全国三卷）In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 61 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 62 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63 (create) special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64 (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Over time, 65 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 66 (gradual) turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 67 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 68 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 69 (be) too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 70 their hands.。

语法填空2018年高考题【2018·全国I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___61___(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long___62___(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___63___ (die) early by running. While running regularly cann't make you live forever, the review says it ___64___ (be) more effective at lengthening life___65___ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___66___showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___67___(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___68___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it'salways___69___(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___70___a try.【答案】61. longer62. to see 63. dying64. is 65. than66. that \which67. causes 68. strength69. energetic70. it \running【解析】本文是一篇说明文。

语法填空According to a review of evidenee in a medical journal, runners live three years61 (l ong) tha n nonrunn ers. You don't have to run fast or forIon g 62 (see)the ben efit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running. While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it _64_ (be) more effective at le ngthe ning life 65 walk ing, cycli ng or swimmi ng. Two of the authors of the review alsomade a study published in 2014_ _66_ showed a mere five to 10 minu tes A day ofrunning reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise it's probably -running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (stre ngth)your leg muscles肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap, easy and it's always 69 (e nergy).lf you are time poor, you n eed run for only half the time to get the same ben efits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70. a try.改错During my last win ter holiday, I went to coun tryside with my father to visit mygrandparents. I find a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and ano ther ani mals. Last win ter whe n I went here aga in, they had a big separate house to raise doze ns of chicke n. They also had a small pond, which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I pla nned to return for every two years, but he agreed.语法填空Diets have changed in China ——and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country61 (grow) more corn tha n rice. Corn product ion has jumped n early 125 perce ntover 62 past 25 years, while rice has in creased only 7 perce nt.A taste for meat is 63 (actual) beh ind the cha nge: An importa nt part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The gover nment en courages farmers to grow corn in stead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilize化!巴)runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the coun try's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.Accord ing to the World Bank, Chi na acco unts for about 30 perce nt of total_67_ (globe) fertilizer con sumpti on. The Chin ese Mi nistry of Agriculture finds that betwee n 2005 —whe n the government 68 __ (start) aesri i hg program _69_ gives specific fertilizer recomme ndati ons to farmersa nd 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission排放)of 51.8 million tons of carb on dioxide. Chi na's approach to protecti ng its en vir onment while . 70. (feed)its citize ns "offers useful less ons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the ban k's Juerge n oegele.改错When I was little, Friday ' s night was our family game night. After supper, wewould play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watchcartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents wouldnot to let me. They would say to us that play ing card games would help my brain. Still Iunwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn ' t realize how right my parents are un til I en tered high school. The games my pare nts taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.2018全国卷III语法填空rm n ot sure ____ 61 ____ is more frighte ned, me or the female gorilla大猩猩)that sudde nly appears out of no where. I'm walk ing on a path in the forest in the Cen tralAfrica n Republic. Un expectedl y, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who beg ins scream ing at 62 top of her lun gs. That makes her baby scream, and the n a 400-po und male appears. He screams the63 (loud)of all. The no ise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, duck ing my head to avoid64 (look) directly into his eyes so he does n't feel 65 (challe nge).My n ame is Mireya Mayor. I'm a 66 (scie nce)who studies ani mals such asapes and mon keys. I was searchi ng _67_ these three western lowla nd gorillas rdbee n observ ing. No one had see n them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find68 (they) alive. True to a gorilla's un aggressive n ature, the huge ani mal69 (mea n)me no real harm. He was just say ing: "I'm ki ng of this forest, andhere is your rem in der!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70(stay) and watch.改错It was Mon day morning, and the writi ng class had just beg in. Every one was sile nt, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were con fide nt and eager take part in the class activity, others were n ervous and an xious. I had done myself homework but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that mome nt, I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well." Immediate, I raised my hand.答案：2018 全国卷I61. longer 62. to see 63. dying 64. is 65. than 66. that \which67. causes 68. strengthen 69. energetic 70. it \running1. countryside前力口the2. find 改成found3. another改成other4. here改成there5. chicken 改成chickens6. which 改成in which 或where7. sell 改成selling8.happily 改成happy 9.删除for 10. but改成and2018 全国卷II61. has grown 62. the 63. actually 64. to improve 65. than66. pollution 67. global 68. started 69. that/which 70. feeding1. Friday 改为Friday2. sort 改为sorts3. the 改为a4. watching 改为watch5. would后跟动词原形，故把to删除6. us改为me7. unwilling前加was8. for 改为with 9. are改为were 10.where 改为when2018 全国卷III61. who 62. the 63. loudest 64. looking 65. challenged66. scientist 67. for 68. them 69. meant 70. to stay1. beg in 要改为begu n2. wait 要用waiti ng3. and 改为or4. eager后加to5. myself改为me,或改为定冠词the6. that为多余，删掉7. larger改为large8. Include 改为includes9.mistake改为mistakes 10. immediate改为immediately。

2018—2011历年高考语法填空真题2018（一卷）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runnerslive three years61（long） thannon-runners。

Y ou don’t have to run fast or for long62(see)the benefit. Youmaydrink， smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 （die) early by running.While running regularlycan't make you live forever, the review says it 64 （be）more effective at lengthening life 65 walking， cycling or swimming. Two of the authorsof the review also made a study published in 201466showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67（cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise…it’s probablyrunning.To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68 (strength）your leg muscles(肌肉）,avoid hills and get good running shoes。