山西省吕梁学院附属高级中学2014-2015学年高二下学期第三次月考生物试题 Word版含答案

满洲里市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试地理一、单选题（每题2分，共60分）一些省份的省会位置偏离全省几何中心，对省内偏远地区辐射不足，为解决这一问题，一些省份设立“省域副中心”，扶持副中心经济实力更上一层楼，辐射带动周边区域发展，弥补省会城市辐射力的不足。

湖北省东西狭长且武汉位置偏东，2003年，湖北省明确将襄阳、宜昌定位为“省域副中心”。

下图示意湖北省一主两副分布，据此完成1～2题。

1．襄阳、宜昌成为湖北省“省域副中心城市”的主要区位因素是（）A．水运交通人口规模B．地理位置人口规模C．地理位置经济基础D．经济基础文化底蕴2．湖北设立“省域副中心”将会导致（）A．襄阳、宜昌城市用地规模扩大B．荆州、十堰等城市衰落C．襄阳、宜昌人口数量快速增长D．武汉的城市吸引力下降“杜邦先锋”是世界知名种子公司、第一大玉米种子生产商，前身为1926年在美国成立的“先锋良种”公司，目前建有110多个研发基地和78个种子生产工厂，遍布全球。

下图示意“杜邦先锋”种子公司发展历程。

据此完成3-5题。

3.影响“杜邦先锋”公司能长期发展且逐步壮大到世界各地的原因是（）A.经济水平高，世界市场广B.重视对科技的投入C.劳动力多且素质高D.交通便利4.“杜邦先锋”种子公司先后收购印度和南非种子公司的目的是（）A.促进收购地经济发展B.减少种子研发经费的投入C.带动收购地农业及其他产业发展D.让种子公司更快进入当地市场5.“杜邦先锋”的发展历程对我国制种业的启示是（）A.引进国外专利，扩大种子生产B.加强新品研发，打造优质品牌C.改善交通，提高种子外运能力D.寻求合作，申请并入知名企业郑渝高铁（郑州至重庆）由2016年已通车的渝万铁路（重庆至万州）和新建的郑万铁路（郑州至万州）组成，是中国高速铁路网规划的重要线路。

2016年12月郑州至万州段全线开工建设。

2019年12月，郑州至襄阳段开通运营。

2022年6月20日，襄阳至万州段开通运营，标志着郑渝高铁全线贯通。

山西省吕梁市汾阳县三泉中学高三英语月考试题含解析一、选择题1. It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _____ easy reach.A. nearB. uponC. withinD. around参考答案：C2. I used to love that film ______ I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more.A. onceB. whenC. sinceD. although参考答案：B解析：此题考查状语从句使用的连接词。

从句中I used to love that film.可知是过去的事情，所以只能用when 来表示是小孩子时发生的事情。

A项，“曾经” 句意不同，C项。

自从，与完成式连用，D项“尽管”与but 不能连用，而且句意也不通。

3. —I am late，for there is too much traffic on my way to school．—Oh，．Don’t lie!A．take your time B．don’t worry C．comeon D．take it easy参考答案：C考查交际用语。

由Don’t lie（不要撒谎）可知应选come on，在此表示“得了吧”略4. CT is really useful invention, with which doctors can find out what's wrong with a patient more easily.A. A; aB. The; anC. The; aD.A ;the参考答案：C【命题立意】考查冠词的用法。

句意：CT是一种有用的发明，医生可以依靠它很容易地找到病人哪里出毛病了。

指科技发明一般用定冠词the；一种有用的发明，应用不定冠词，useful以辅音音素/j/开头，故用a。

第二学期高中新课程模块期中考试试题（卷）高二英语（本试题满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does the woman think of foreign films?A. Wonderful.B. Boring.C. Interesting.2. Why is the man’s wife angry with him?A. Because the man often comes home late.B. Because the man doesn’t like doing housework.C. Because the man is too lazy.3. How much did the woman ask the man for?A. $50.B. $200.C. $100.4. Who does the man think is to blame for losing the way?A. The man.B. The woman.C. Neither.5. Where does the woman want to take a photo?A. In the lake.B. Beside the lake.C. On the lake.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

山西省吕梁市裴沟中学2021-2022学年高一英语月考试卷含解析一、选择题1. It was pretty _______from her voice that she disliked the young man .A.stubbornB.religiousC.familiarD.obvious参考答案：D2. I hate _____when people speak with their mouth full of food.A. thisB.thatC. itD.them参考答案：C3. .—What’s wrong with the newly born baby?—It’s very strange that his left hand is bigger than ______ one.A. anotherB. the otherC. otherD. others参考答案：B【详解】考查代词。

句意：——这个新生婴儿怎么了?——很奇怪，他的左手比另一只手大。

A. another只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词 B. the other指两个人或物中的一个；C. other可作形容词或代词，做形容词时，意思是“别的，其他”，泛指“其他的（人或物）”； D. others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个”，“其余的”，故选B。

4. Only when you do it yourself _________ it more difficult than it is expected.A. you will findB. will find youC. did you findD. will you find参考答案：D5. It is the ability to do the job ________matters not where you come from or what you are.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. where参考答案：B考查强调句。

2022-2023学年英语阶段性测试题（三）听力部分（共20分）一、情景反应(每小题1分,共5分)本题共5个小题,每小题你将听到一组对话。

请你从每小题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中,选出与你所听到的信息相关联的一项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1. A. B. C.2. A. B. C.3. A. B. C.4. A. B. C.5. A. B. C.二、对话理解(每小题1分,共5分)本题共5个小题,每小题你将听到一组对话和一个问题。

请你从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出一个最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

6.A.Mary. B.Kerry. C.Kevin.7.A.Exciting. B.Boring. C.Moving.8.A.A doctor and a patient. B.A mother and a daughter. C.A teacher and a student.9.A.At a shop. B.At the school gate. C.At the bus stop.10.A.She will probably watch TV.B.She will probably stay at home.C.She will probably go to the movies.三、语篇理解(每小题1分,共5分)本题你将听到一篇短文。

请你根据短文内容和所提出的5个问题,从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中,选出一个最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

11.When did the story happen?A.In the morning.B.In the afternoon.C.In the evening.12.Why were the boy and his father on the road?A.Because they wanted to buy the boy’s mother some gifts.B.Because they were going to a farm to buy vegetables.C.Because they were finding a place to hide themselves.13.How did the boy feel when he got wet?A.Excited.B.Unhappy.C.Surprised.14.What does father think of the rain?A.It’s clean.B.It’s harmful.C.It’s useful.15.What can we know from this story?A.The boy likes asking questions.B.The boy likes the rain.C.The boy is friendly.四、听力填空(每小题1分,共5分)本题你将听到一篇短文。

2021届山西省吕梁市高三上学期第一次模拟考试数学（文）试题一、选择题：本大题共12个小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1. 设集合，，则（）A. B. C. D.【答案】B2. 已知是虚数单位，复数的虚部为（）A. 1B.C. -1D.【答案】A【解析】，故虚部为.3. 若，，且，则与的夹角为（）A. B. C. D. 或【答案】C【解析】由于两向量垂直，故，解得.4. 的内角的对边分别为，已知，，，则（）A. 3B. 1C. 1或3D. 无解【答案】C【解析】由余弦定理得，即，解得或.5. 如图为几何体的三视图，则其体积为（）A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】由三视图可知，改几何体由半个圆柱和一个棱锥组合而成，故体积为.6. 函数在单调递增，且关于对称，若，则的的取值范围是（）A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】函数图像是由图像向左平移个单位后得到，故关于轴对称，且在上递减.故等价于，解得.7. 为双曲线右焦点，为双曲线上的点，四边形为平行四边形，且四边形的面积为，则双曲线的离心率为（）A. 2B.C.D.【答案】B【解析】设，∵四边形为平行四边形，∴，∵四边形的面积为，∴，即，∴，代入双曲线方程得，∵，∴，故选B.8. 已知变量满足，则的取值范围是（）A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】画出可行域如下图所示，由图可知可行域内的点与点之间连线的斜率介于和之间，故取值范围为.9. 世界数学名题“问题”：任取一个自然数，如果它是偶数，我们就把它除以2，如果它是奇数，我们就把它乘3再加上1，在这样一个变换下，我们就得到了一个新的自然数，如果反复使用这个变换，我们就会得到一串自然数，猜想：反复进行上述运算后，最后结果为1，现根据此问题设计一个程序框图如图，执行该程序框图，若输入的，则输出（）A. 5B. 7C. 8D. 9【答案】C【解析】，判断是，，判断否，判断否，，判断否，判断是，，判断否，，判断否，判断否，，判断否，判断否，，判断否，，判断是，输出.10. 函数的图像大致为（）A. B.C. D.【答案】A【解析】由于所以函数不是偶函数，判处选项.当时，，排除选项，故选. 【点睛】本题主要考查利用函数的奇偶性与单调性来选取正确的函数图像.考查了特殊值法解选择题的技巧.首先根据奇偶性来排除，奇函数图像关于原点对称，偶函数图像关于轴对称.然后利用特殊点来排除.也可以利用导数来判断，注意到极值点的位置，可以令导数为零，求得极小值点对应的横坐标为负数来选出正确选项.11. 将函数的图像向左平移个单位，再向下平移1个单位，得到的图像，若，且，则的最大值为（）A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】向左平移个单位，得到，再向下平移一个单位，得到，其最小值为，由于，故，也就是说是的最小值点.要使取得最大值，即取最大值，取最小值.令，，令，得，令，得.所以的最大值为.【点睛】本题主要考查三角函数图像变换，考查形式的三角函数的最小值问题.三角函数左右平移的口诀是“左加右减”，要注意的是图像变换的仅是，的系数是没变的，如本题中的，变为.三角函数的最小值是在处取得.12. 已知点在同一个球的球面上，，，若四面体的体积为，球心恰好在棱上，则这个球的表面积为（）A. B. C. D.【答案】D【解析】根据条件可知球心在侧棱中点，从而有垂直，可得，所以球的半径为，故球的表面积为.二、填空题（每题5分，满分20分，将答案填在答题纸上）13. 已知，则__________．【答案】2【解析】由两角和的正切公式，有，解得.14. 从圆内任意一点，则到直线的距离小于的概率为__________．【答案】【点睛】本题主要考查直线和圆的位置关系，考查点到直线的距离公式，考查几何概型，考查数形结合的数学思想方法.首先画出图像，发现图像有一定的对称性，特别在计算圆心到已知直线的距离，发现距离恰好等于后，容易想到和它平行的直线为边界位置.15. 已知函数满足且的导数，则不等式的解集为__________．【答案】{x|x>1或x<－1}【解析】令 ,则,因此等价于,即解集为.点睛：利用导数解抽象函数不等式，实质是利用导数研究对应函数单调性，而对应函数需要构造. 构造辅助函数常根据导数法则进行：如构造，构造，构造，构造等16. 已知抛物线的焦点为，点是抛物线上一点，以为圆心的圆与线段相交于点，且被直线截得的弦长为，若，则_______．【答案】1【解析】将点坐标代入抛物线方程得，解得，即，，由于为圆的半径，而，所以，，故，即，两边平方化简得，解得，故，.【点睛】本题主要考查直线和椭圆的位置关系，考查圆和直线的位置关系，考查特殊的等腰三角形中解三角形的方法.首先点是在抛物线上的，坐标满足抛物线的方程，由此求得的坐标，然后根据直线截圆所得弦长，得到点横坐标和圆半径的关系，由此列方程求解出的值.三、解答题（本大题共6小题，共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.）17. 已知是首项为1的等比数列，数列满足，，且.（1）求数列的通项公式；（2）求数列的前项和.【答案】(1) ;(2) .【解析】【试题分析】（1）令代入已知条件，求得的值，由此求得公比，进而求得的通项公式.（2）由（1）的结论化简已知等式，可得为等差数列，按等差数列求和公式可求得等差数列前项和.【试题解析】（Ⅰ）把代入已知等式得，所以所以是首项为1，公比为3的等比数列，即（Ⅱ）由已知得，所以是首项为2公差为3的等差数列，其通项公式为18. 某学校研究性学习小组对该校高三学生视力情况进行调查，在高三的全体1000名学生中随机抽取了100名学生的体检表，得到如图的频率分布直方图（图1）.（1）若直方图中后四组的频数成等差数列，试估计全年级视力在5.0以下的人数；（2）学习小组成员发现，学习成绩突出的学生，近视的比较多，为了研究学生的视力与学习成绩是否有关系，对年级名次在1～50名和951～1000名的学生进行了调查，得到图2中数据，根据表中的数据，能否在犯错误的概率不超过0.05的前提下认为视力与学习成绩有关系？【答案】(1)820;(2) 在犯错误的概率不超过0.05的前提下认为视力与学习成绩有关系..【解析】【试题分析】（1）依题意设出成等差数列的的四项，利用和为求出公差，求出每一项后可求得视力在以下的频率，由此估计全年级视力在以下的人数.（2）通过计算可知在犯错误的概率不超过0.05的前提下认为视力与学习成绩有关系.【试题解析】（Ⅰ）由图可知，第一组有3人，第二组7人，第三组27人，设后四组的频数构成的等差数列的公差为d,则（27-d）+(27-2d)+(27-3d)=63，解得d=3所以后四组频数依次为所以视力在5.0以下的频数为3+7+27+24+21=82人，故全年级视力在5.0以下的人数约为1000×0.82＝820(人)（Ⅱ）因此在犯错误的概率不超过0.05的前提下认为视力与学习成绩有关系.19. 在如图所示的多面体中，已知，，是正三角形，，，是的中点.（1）求证：平面；（2）求证：平面平面；（3）求到平面的距离.【答案】(1)见解析；（2）见解析；（3）D到平面BCE的距离为.【解析】【试题分析】（1）取的中点，连接，利用三角形的中位线，可证得，即四边形为平行四边形，所以，所以平面.（2）通过计算证明，而，故平面，故，也即，结合可知平面，也即平面，故平面平面.（3）连接，由（2）的结论，易知就是所求的距离.【试题解析】（Ⅰ）取的中点，连接，因为的中点，所以，又AB,所以，四边形为平行四边形，所以MB//AF,因为平面，平面，所以平面（Ⅱ）因为是正三角形，所以,在中，，所以，故，∴DE⊥AC，又DE⊥AD,AC∩AD=A∴DE⊥平面ACD∴DE⊥AF,又AF⊥CD，由（Ⅰ）得BM∥AF∴DE⊥BM, BM⊥CD，DE∩CD=D∴BM⊥平面CDE，BM平面BCE∴平面BCE⊥平面CDE（Ⅲ）连接DM，由于DE=DC∴DM⊥CE由（Ⅱ）知，平面BCE⊥平面CDE，∴DM⊥平面BCE所以DM为D到平面BCE的距离，DM=所以D到平面BCE的距离为20. 已知椭圆过，且离心率为.（1）求椭圆的方程；（2）过右焦点的直线与椭圆交于两点，点坐标为，求直线的斜率之和.【答案】（1）；（2）的斜率之和为2.【解析】【试题分析】（1）将点坐标代入椭圆方程，结合及，联立方程组可求得的值.（2）当斜率存在时，设出直线的方程，联立直线的方程和椭圆的方程，写出韦达定理，计算的结果为.当斜率不存在时，可直接得出两点的坐标，求出斜率之和也为.【试题解析】（Ⅰ）解：由已知得解之得，a=2，b=，c=1所以椭圆方程为（Ⅱ）设，由(1)得，设直线的方程为与椭圆联立得消去x得，所以所以当直线斜率不存在时，A(1, －)，B(1, )，所以的斜率之和为2.【点睛】本题主要考查直线与圆锥曲线的位置关系，考查利用坐标来求斜率，考查一元二次方程根与系数关系.第一问由于知道椭圆上一个点的坐标，将点的坐标代入方程，得到一个等式，结合离心率和隐藏等式可求得椭圆的.第二问有一定的运算量.21. 已知函数.（1）讨论函数的单调性；（2）若恒成立，求的值.【答案】（1）在单调递减，在单调递增；（2）即.【解析】【试题分析】（1）先求定义域.求导后令导数等于零，求得极值点为，由此写出函数的单调区间.（2）由（Ⅰ）得在时有极小值，也就是最小值.所以.化简后得到，构造函数利用导数求得函数的最大值为零，由此得，所以即.【试题解析】（Ⅰ）函数的定义域为由得，当时，；当时，.所以在单调递减，在单调递增.（Ⅱ）由（Ⅰ）得在时有极小值，也就是最小值.所以即也就是设，由得，.当时，；当时，.所以在单调递增，在单调递减.所以的最大值为.所以又，所以即.【点睛】本题主要考查函数导数与单调性，考查函数导数与不等式恒成立问题的求解，考查了化归与转化的数学思想方法.求函数单调区间的第一步要记得求函数的定义域，要在定义域内研究函数的单调区间.本题求得函数的导数为，这个导数是单调递增的，有一个零点，由此可写出的单调区间.22. 直角坐标系中，曲线的参数方程为（为参数），曲线.（1）在以为极点，轴的正半轴为极轴的极坐标系中，求的极坐标方程；（2）射线与异于极点的交点为，与的交点为，求.【答案】（1）曲线的极坐标方程为；（2）.【解析】【试题分析】（1）利用，消去参数，可求得的普通方程，利用代入化简，可求得的极坐标方程.（2）将分别代入的极坐标方程，求得，. 【试题解析】（Ⅰ）曲线:（为参数）化为普通方程为，所以曲线的极坐标方程为，曲线的极坐标方程为.（Ⅱ）射线与曲线的交点的极径为，射线与曲线的交点的极径满足，解得，所以23. 已知函数，.（1）若关于的不等式的解集为，求实数的值；（2）若对于任意的恒成立，求实数的取值范围.【答案】（1）；（2）.【解析】【试题分析】（1）等价于，即，由题意得，所以. （2）化简不等式得到，利用绝对值不等式求得左边的最小值为，故.【试题解析】（Ⅰ）由，可得，所以，由题意得，所以.（Ⅱ）若恒成立，则有恒成立，因为，当且仅当时取等号，所以。

第I卷（选择题40小题，每题1分，共40分）北京时间2012年6月16日18时，神舟九号飞船在酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空。

2012年6月18日约11时左右转入自主控制飞行，14时左右与天宫一号实施自动交会对接，这是中国实施的首次载人空间交会对接。

据此回答1～5题。

1.酒泉卫星发射基地所在省区的简称A. 川B. 琼C. 滇D. 陇2.下列关于神九发射基地酒泉的叙述正确的是A. 酒泉位于东部季风区B. 酒泉位于河西走廊地区C. 酒泉位于半湿润地区D. 酒泉植被以森林为主3. 关于酒泉卫星发射基地所在省区说法正确的是①多外流河②多风力作用形成的雅丹地貌③多高原和盆地，以高原山地气候为主④多河谷农业⑤有三个温度带⑥有伴生矿分布⑦无石油资源分布⑧有水电站分布A. ①②③B. ②⑥⑧C.④⑤⑥D. ④⑦⑧4.英国人要想观看神九发射直播应选择当地下列哪个时间A.20时B.10时C.8时D.0时5.神九发射时下列各地地理现象叙述错误的是A.华北地区正值小麦收割B.长江中下游梅雨时节C. 开普敦正值少雨季节D. 澳大利亚正忙于剪羊毛运用所学疆域、行政区划、人口和民族等知识回答6～7题。

6. 我国少数民族集中分布的地区是A. 东北、东南、西北B. 东北、西南、东南C. 西南、西北、东南D. 西南、西北、东北7. 下列省区中人口密度最大的是A. 青海B. 山东C. 云南D. 甘肃我国的地形复杂多样、山区面积广大，尤其是纵横交错的山脉，构成了地形的骨架，高原、平原、盆地和丘陵镶嵌其间。

回答8～9题。

8.下面图中表示东北平原的是A B C D9.30°N穿过的地形区是A．华北平原 B．黄土高原 C．塔里木盆地 D．青藏高原读右图，回答10～12题。

10. 某山脉以北是枣木成林，桃李芬芳，以南是稻田片片，橘园飘香，请问此山脉位于哪两个区域的分界线上A．甲、乙之间 B．甲、丙之间C．乙、丁之间 D．丙、丁之间11.“我的家乡地形平坦，一望无垠，水草丰茂，以生产三河牛和三河马而闻名。

山西省吕梁市部分学校2024-2025学年高二上学期9月月考英语试卷一、阅读理解Want to see the world? Each year, TIME magazine makes a list of the World’s Greatest Places, which is provided by our readers. They will take us from cities to wilderness, and from tiny villages to faraway islands. Here are some of the best ones.Culture TripRapa Nui is an island in the Pacific Ocean. It’s also known as Easter Island. It’s famous for the massive and mysterious sculptures(雕像) made by the Rapa Nui people, who arrived about 1,200 years ago. The spirit of Hotu Matu’a, their early king, is said to have become a sea turtle.—By Johanna Read Lively SpotThe Galápagos Islands are located off the coast of Ecuador in South America. They are some of the most biodiverse places on Earth. Recently, marine-life protections were expanded in the area, limiting fishing and cresting safe paths for animals to travel through.—By Karen Catchpole Ancient PastAlentejo is a rural part of Portugal in Europe. It is covered with forests and olive groves. There are ancient cities, too. A museum in Estremoz shows off traditional tiles. In Esperanca, hikers can see eagles and vultures, plus 5,000-year-old cave paintings.—By Robin Catalano Bike It!Bogotá is the capital of Colombia in South America. It’s the perfect place for a bike ride. The city has taken steps to reduce pollution. It has more than 350 miles of bike paths. The city also has a bike share program, which will provide bicycles that people with disabilities can use.—By Kate Crittenden 1．What can people do on Rapa Nui?A．Meet Hotu Matu’a.B．Visit a museum.C．Enjoy sculptures.D．See eagles.2．Who recommends the Galápagos Islands?A．Johanna Read.B．Karen Catchpole.C．Robin Catalano.D．Kate Crittenden.3．Which place best suits people who like riding bikes?A．Estremoz.B．Alentejo.C．Esperanca.D．Bogotá.Finnish Lapland, in the far north of Europe, is home to some 180,000 people and around 200,000 reindeer (驯鹿). The animals live wild but each one has an owner, identified by a mark on its ear. Anne Ollila, 50, one of 4,000 such owners, works in the Finnish part of this region with her husband and two adult sons and their families. They farm the animals mainly for meat, but reindeer tourism has also become an important source of income.Ollila lives 80 kilometres inside the Arctic Circle, an hour from Lapland’s capital city, Rovaniemi, and seven kilometres from her nearest neighbour. Summer days — when the reindeer raisers earmark newborn reindeer — are long and in June the sun never sets. At that time Ollila sleeps during the day and walks up to 20 kilometres a night through the forest, making the most of the cooler temperatures to do her work but having to endure large groups of insects along the way.In deepest winter, there is little daylight. Many grasslands are frozen and the reindeer move into the forest for protection against wolves and golden eagles — the birds can kill an adult reindeer.Ollila and her family offer tourists reindeer experiences through their company Reindeer Journey. Visitors can get close to the animals in the wild or at their farm, watching them being trained to pull sledges (雪橇) or take a sleigh ride.“Reindeer are very smart animals,” Ollila says. “They have different personalities, and some are very funny.” One of her favourites is Rocky, named after the movie boxing legend. “He’s very curious and always in trouble,” she says. “He once got himself stuck in tree branches and had to be lifted out, and he has been known to walk off with his owners’ drying underwear.”Ollila gave up her job as a sociology researcher at the University of Lapland in 2010 to devote herself to raising reindeer. “I love the environment, the animals and the freedom,” she says. “Also, I have a sense of belonging to something bigger than me, to a way of life through thegenerations.”4．What does the underlined word “endure” in paragraph 2 mean?A．Go away with.B．Catch up with.C．Look forward to.D．Put up with.5．Why do the reindeer move into the forest in winter according to the text?A．To get earmarked.B．To find their owners.C．To protect themselves.D．To avoid cold temperatures.6．What does Ollila think of Rocky?A．He is foolish.B．He is a troublemaker.C．He is interested in planting trees.D．He is a famous filmmaker.7．What can we infer about Ollila from the last paragraph?A．She has a deep affection for nature.B．She has long been tired of raising reindeer.C．She has been a sociology researcher since 2010.D．She had no chance to receive a college education.Over the years, movies and books have used tornadoes to sweep their characters off to magical lands, to destroy entire cities, or to defeat a superhero’s dangerous super villain (恶棍). All of these tornadoes have one thing in common: They are incredibly powerful. They can have wind speeds over 300 miles per hour (mph), grow over a mile wide, and travel over 50 miles. They are incredibly dangerous and should be avoided at all costs.Scientists can’t go inside tornadoes, which means that they are extremely hard to research. As a result, we know surprisingly little about them. In order to tell how powerful a tornado is, scientists look at how much destruction it causes. Scientists then rank the tornado on the Enhanced Fujita Scale (级别) (EF-Scale), which ranges from EF0 to EF5. For example, a tornado that only damages trees but doesn’t significantly damage buildings would be rated EFO with wind speeds between 65 and 85 mph. A tornado that blows away buildings and tears up sidewalks, on the other hand, would be rated EF5 with wind speeds over 200 mph.The most powerful tornado in United States history occurred near Oklahoma City in1999. It had wind speeds over 310 mph, the highest wind speed ever recorded on Earth. A tornado withwind speeds that high can not only pick up and throw automobiles, but also knock over trains and tear up roadways.Luckily for anyone living in an area that experiences the occasional tornadoes, they usually only last one to ten minutes. More powerful tornadoes can last over an hour in the right conditions, but they are very rare.If you find yourself experiencing a tornado, find a safe place inside, like an interior hall, basement or closet. Stay away from windows and heavy objects that could fall on you, and lie on your stomach with your hands protecting the back of your head. Having a tornado emergency plan is extremely important as tornadoes can appear very quickly. Make sure to listen to the radio or television to stay updated on serious weather patterns in your area.8．Which of the following is probably the wind speed of an EF4 tornado?A．65 mph.B．85 mph.C．200 mph.D．310 mph.9．What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 3?A．Tornadoes can do great harm.B．American cars need developing.C．Oklahoma City had no trains in 1999.D．The strongest tornado occurred in the UK. 10．What is the last paragraph mainly about?A．What a tornado is.B．How a tornado forms.C．Tips to survive a tornado.D．How to recognize a tornado.11．Where is the text most probably taken from?A．A guidebook to the USA．B．An introduction to a historical book.C．A review of famous movies.D．An article on natural disasters.When Adele released (发行) her 2011 single Someone Like You, this bittersweet song is popular with millions worldwide. More than a decade later, it remains one of her most popular songs. Her artistry, as well as that of many others who have mastered the art of making listeners feel moved with slow and emotional beats, has a way of managing the emotional pain of heartbreak and loss.Listening to favorite songs could also reduce people’s feelings of pain, according to a new study published in the journal Frontiers in Pain Research. And the most effective pain relievers were found to be sad songs detailing bittersweet and emotional experiences.“It doesn’t take the place of medicine when you have a headache, but music can help reduce your pain,” said Patrick Stroman, a professor at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. He didn’t join in the study. “Unlike other medications,” he noted, “there is no side effect or risk in listening to music (just keep the volume at a reasonable level).”The small study invited 63 young adults to bring one of their favorite songs. The researchers also had the young adults pick one of seven songs that the team considered relaxing and were unfamiliar to the study participants. All the while, the researchers stuck a hot object — similar to the pain of a boiling hot teacup on the participants’ skin — to their left inner forearms. When rating their experiences, people were more likely to report feeling less pain when listening to their favorite songs compared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing songs.With millions of songs available, one person’s favorite song is likely not the same as another. After interviewing the participants about the song they brought and their rating of pain, the researchers found people who listened to bittersweet and moving songs felt less pain than when they listened to songs with calming or cheerful themes (主题).“It’s a very cool result,” said lead study author Darius Valevicius, a doctoral student of neurosciences at the University of Montreal. “I think it’s why I myself and probably many people choose to listen to bittersweet or even spiritual music.”12．Why does the author mention Adele in the first paragraph?A．To reach a conclusion.B．To lead in the topic.C．To offer a suggestion.D．To provide the background.13．What is Stroman’s attitude to the effect of listening to music?A．Doubtful.B．Positive.C．Unclear.D．Unconcerned. 14．What did the participants do in the new study?A．They reported their feelings of pain.B．They interviewed many musicians.C．They made various kinds of teacups.D．They picked out the music they don't like. 15．Which is the most suitable title for the text?A．When Is the Best Time to Listen to Music?B．How Do You Create Popular Songs Quickly?C．The Best Way to Reduce Pain Might Be to Write MusicD．Certain Types of Music Could Help You Feel Less PainWhen we are kids, we laugh a lot. But as we become adults, it is much more difficult to laugh so easily. Do you laugh too little in your life? Do you remember how you used to laugh before, as a child?16 . It’s a great way to relax, not just on a purely emotional level, but also physically. It can reduce our blood pressure. It also contributes to the release of hormones (荷尔蒙) that are good for our health. 17 . It helps us feel more at ease around new people and also connects us with others.Sometimes, you might feel like there is not much cause to laugh. Life can be tough. But laughter is, if not the best medicine, a good support to have for tough times and for good times as well. So you should allow yourself to laugh as you used to.A good idea is to give yourself permission to play. Play is a natural activity that promotes a lot of laughter, whether it's through video games, outdoor games, or board games. 18 .Laughter comes from being with others. 19 . Hang out with family members that are nice to be around, with whom you can have fun, laugh, and enjoy yourself. Give your time to those who can share your laughter.More than anything, learn to develop humor. 20 . Laugh at your mistakes and learn to laugh at yourself. Then you will be surprised by the changes you will see in your life.A．You don’t have to be meanB．Laughter has a lot of benefitsC．Don’t take yourself too seriouslyD．Try to see your friends more oftenE．Watch videos to help you correct your mistakesF．In addition to these, laughing has a social functionG．Just discover what you like to play and have fun with it二、完形填空Granny Basketball is more competitive than you’d think! Just ask the women over 50 who 21 in the 18th annual Granny National Basketball Championships last weekend. Hosted inDecorah, Iowa, the event 22 teams from across the country. Players might 23 different walks of life, but they all have one thing 24 : They’re members of the Granny Basketball League (联盟).Founded by Barb McPherson Trammell, this organization offers 25 women an unbelievable opportunity to stay 26 , make friends and relieve stress. Grannies play by a (n) 27 set of rules to make up for any 28 mobility. According to their website, it’s “a game for 29 of a certain age.” Regulations include a strict “no running” policy, instead 30 players to speed walk. Jumping is not 31 , either.32 , there are 42 Granny Basketball teams in the United States. National Championships have been held for the 33 every year since 2008. Grannies have also been 34 to compete against teams outside their league for charity, including men’s and women’s teams of all ages. Of course, the changed 35 apply to their competitors as well.“I think we’re redefining (重新定义) what old is,” said one player.21．A．talked B．lied C．believed D．played 22．A．improved B．saved C．attracted D．tracked 23．A．come from B．give up C．adapt to D．search for 24．A．in hurry B．in print C．in need D．in common 25．A．young B．senior C．gifted D．disabled 26．A．fit B．calm C．awake D．quiet 27．A．impossible B．unnecessary C．different D．difficult 28．A．shared B．limited C．social D．great 29．A．women B．men C．girls D．boys 30．A．teaching B．helping C．persuading D．encouraging 31．A．recognized B．allowed C．praised D．compared 32．A．Immediately B．Unlikely C．Currently D．Unfortunately 33．A．job B．future C．record D．sport 34．A．reminded B．refused C．known D．warned 35．A．orders B．rules C．values D．messages三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

山西省吕梁市2023-2024学年高二下学期期末调研英语试题一、阅读理解Hydrogen Shot FellowshipThe Energy Earthshots Initiative, launched at the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) this year, is aimed at accelerating breakthroughs of clean energy solutions within the decade and training the diverse STEM workforce needed to make this a reality. Enter this program, an opening for 1-2 current Bachelors’, Masters’, and Doctoral students to come work with us. Applications are accepted on a rolling basis.Science Careers at ArgonneThis annual program brings inspiration, knowledge, and tips for exploring STEM careers directly to female high school students with the aim of advocating for greater gender diversity in the STEM workforce. At the event, Argonne National Laboratory’s female scientists and engineers instruct students on their career goals, provide networking opportunities, and share Argonne’s work to advance science, including global challenges such as fighting the climate crisis.Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our WorldThis dynamic program invites students to explore the many applications of nuclear science and its impact on energy, healthcare, food, and the environment through an interactive set of free resources. Explore STEM project starters, digital lesson plans, and exciting virtual field trip s where you can learn about different careers in nuclear science.The Mickey Leland Energy Fellowship ProgramThis is for undergraduate and graduate students in STEM majors seeking to gain experience in energy research. Participants will complete a cutting-edge research project at one of DOE’s national laboratories or at DOE headquarters under the instruction of our scientists and engineers. The best part is that you will contribute to the FECM mission of minimizing the environmental impacts of fossil fuels while working towards net-zero emissions!1．Which program is designed for girls?A．Hydrogen Shot Fellowship.B．Science Careers at Argonne.C．Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our World.D．The Mickey Leland Energy Fellowship Program.2．What can students do in Navigating Nuclear: Energizing Our World?A．Go on virtual field trips.B．Start different careers.C．Research with nuclear scientist.D．Get network opportunities.3．What do the four programs have in common?A．They are energy-related.B．They are STEM programs.C．They target undergraduates.D．They aim to tackle climate crisis.A 63-year-old Chinese carpenter’s (木匠) traditional skills have become an unexpected Internet hit as he creates woodwork with a single piece of wood, without glue, screws or nails. Wang Dewen, known as “Grandpa Amu” on YouTube, has been praised as the modern-day Lu Ban, a well-known Chinese structural engineer during the Zhou Dynasty, thanks to his rich carpentry knowledge.Grandpa Amu’s most popular video, which shows him making a delicate wooden arch bridge, has gone viral on YouTube, gaining more than 40 million views. “If you do something, you have to love it, and you have to be interested in it; however, being interested doesn’t mean there’s only happiness and no pain.” Grandpa Amu shared when talking about his excellent carpentry skills.His most popular works include a folding stool, a model of the China pavilion from the 2010 Shanghai Expo, and an apple-shaped interlocking puzzle, known as a Lu Ban lock. Grandpa Amu follows an ancient Chinese mortise and tenon (榫卯) technique, which means no nails or glue are involved in the entire process of building the arch bridge.The master carpenter has also made several wooden toys for his grandson using the same technique. His young grandson’s favorites include a walking Peppa Pig and a bubble blowing machine. With over 1.17 million fans on YouTube, Grandpa Amu’s videos so far have gained more than 200 million views.His wonderful woodworking skills were developed from the age of thirteen as a way of supporting his family in East China’s Shandong Province. “The grandson is so happy, as there have been so many fine and unique toys made by grandpa from an early age,” commented onenetizen, while another said, “It’s amazing. I hope these traditional crafts can be passed on!”4．What do we know about Grandpa Amu from the first paragraph?A．He is made fun of on the Internet.B．He aims at spreading Chinese culture.C．He has made a lot of fortune on the Internet.D．He is well known for his carpentry skills on the Internet.5．What can we infer from Grandpa Amu’s words in Paragraph 2?A．Outstanding skills lie in hard work.B．Success depends on passion.C．Interest brings not merely happiness.D．Theory is from practice.6．What is the unique feature of Grandpa Amu’s craft works?A．The apple shape.B．No nails or glue.C．The folding stool.D．The wooden material.7．What probably made Grandpa Amu work as a carpenter?A．His interest in woodworking.B．His grandson’s requirement.C．His support for his family.D．His wishes to pass on the traditional crafts.In most Hollywood movies, the Native American Navajo s still fight on horses in the American Southwest. But during World War II, a group of Navajos made their language into a weapon to protect the United States. They were the Navajo Code Talkers, and it is one of the few unbroken codes in military history.Navajo was the perfect choice for a secret language. It is very complex. One vowel (元音) can have up to ten different pronunciations, changing the meaning of any word. In the 1940s, Navajo was unwritten language. No one outside of the reservation (居留地) could speak it or understand it.The Navajo Code team had to invent new words to describe military equipment. For example, they named ships after fish: lotso-whale(battleship), calo-shark (destroyer), beshloiron-fish (submarine). When a Code Talker received a message via radio, he heard a series of unrelated Navajo words. He would then translate the words into English and use the first letter of each English word to spell the message. The Navajo words tsah (needle), wol-la-chee (ant), ah-kh-di-glini (victor), and tsah-ah-dzoh (yucca) spelled NA VY.The Code Talker kept the code a secret. They memorized everything. There were no code books. As a result, no ordinary Navajo soldiers, if captured by the enemy, could understand the code. More than 3,600 Navajos served in World War II, but only 420 were Code Talkers with the US Marines. They coded and decoded battlefield messages better and faster than any machine. They could encode, transmit, and decode a three-line English message in 20 seconds. Machines of the time required 30 minutes to perform the same job.Even after the war the code remained top secret. When they were asked about their role, Code Talkers just said: “I was a radioman.” War movies and histories came out without mentioning them. The code was never used again and only in 1968 did the secret come out. 8．Why could Navajo be used as a military code?A．It had a complex writing system.B．It was designed specifically for World War Ⅱ.C．Only the Navajos could understand it.D．Navajo words varied greatly in pronunciation. 9．What would the Navajo Code team do right after receiving a message?A．Put it into English in a secret way.B．Record it in Navajo letters.C．Put the Navajo words in order.D．Submit it to the officer immediately. 10．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A．Heroic deeds of Navajo Code Talkers.B．Working contents of Navajo Code Talkers.C．The difficulty of becoming a Navajo Code Talker.D．The professionalism of Navajo Code Talkers.11．What can be inferred from the passage?A．The Navajo Code Talkers can be found to fight on horses in US movies.B．Around 12% Navajo soldiers were taken prisoners during World War Ⅱ.C．War messages were translated into English through Navajo code books.D．The Navajo language contributed a lot to the US army in World War Ⅱ.Developed by Urban Villages and designed by Studio Gang, Populus will open in the summer of 2024 as America’s first carbon-positive hotel. Studio Gang took inspiration from the patterns of Colorado’s native Aspen trees, with the building’s windows looking like the trees’ distinctive “Aspen Eyes”.Situated in downtown Denver, the hotel will achieve its carbon-positive status thanks to itssustainable design and a unique off-site project. The hotel has committed to planting enough trees to represent over 5,000 acres of forest. This will offset an embodied (隐含的) carbon footprint equal to nearly 500,000 gallons of gas and remove additional carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.Populus has been created to meet the increasing preference by today’s consumers to travel responsibly, experience places in an authentic way, and connect more deeply with nature. Using low-carbon concrete, high-recycle content materials, and minimizing waste are all helping the hotel reach its carbon-positive goal. There is also no planned on-site parking, which will encourage visitors to take public transportation or use existing structures, thus saving the hotel from having to build a parking lot, which requires the use of materials rich in carbon.When thinking about the look of the hotel, Studio Gang turned to nature for its design inspiration. And the building’s unique windows, not only recall the pattern of the Aspen tree but also help its energy efficiency. The “covers” over each window provide interior shade, which improves energy use and also channel away rainwater to keep the building looking clean.As a benefit to guests, each room will have incredible views and the windows transform into seats or desks that invite them to enjoy the great outdoors—even when they’re inside.The hotel will also include a rooftop restaurant that overlooks the mountain s and city skyline, with the intention to immerse guests in nature. The rooftop will be open to the public and will be filled with regional vegetation, serving as a lush (草木茂盛的) place for the community to socialize.12．What does the underlined word “offset” in paragraph 2 mean?A．Produce.B．Cancel.C．Include.D．Require. 13．What do we know about Populus?A．It has planted over 5,000 acres of trees.B．It is designed to meet the demands for environmental travel.C．It can’t be accessed through driving for no planned on-site parking.D．It will include a rooftop restaurant open to the public for free.14．What’s the author’s attitude toward the hotel?A．Doubtful.B．Indifferent.C．Positive.D．Disapproving. 15．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Populus: First Carbon-Positive Hotel in America B．Populus: A Hotel in DowntownDenverC．Populus: Contributor to the Change of America D．Populus: A Hotel with “Aspen Eyes”It is a great challenge of descriptive writing: finding that balance between using enough details to bring your description to life, but not so much that your readers are fed up with it. 16 Remember, you’re writing a description, not taking a photograph. 17 If you were photographing a tree, you would still make choices — lighting, framing, focus — that would capture the essence of the tree, but not its exact image.Trust your readers. Stephen King says in On Writing, “Description begins in the writer’s imagination, but should finish in the readers.” 18 If you offer an exactly right description — rather than a complete description — the readers’ completion of your description will be close enough to what you want them to “see” in the picture.19 If you write this: “Wind stirred (吹动) the maple’s boughs, spurring leaves to wavelike a million green hands greeting them to hurry to its shady embrace”, you have created a real description, and you don’t need to write that the tree is big.Let actions take the place of description. This can be effective in describing emotions. Instead of “Sue felt sad as she stared at their wedding photo.”, try “Sue stared at their wedding photo until her stinging eyes could no longer focus. She turned the photo face down on her nightstand.” We now know, through her actions, that Sue is sad. 20 That is because we’re experiencing her physical reactions (stinging eyes) and actions (turned the photo face down) along with her.A．Focus on readers’ emotions.B．Readers can fill in the picture.C．Describe facts instead of actions.D．Embrace the use of metaphors and similes.E．It is not necessary to document every detail.F．Besides, we now feel more connected with her in that sadness.G．Fortunately, there are techniques you can use to find that balance.二、完形填空I have always been a big girl. I am comfortable with my body but there is a price to pay for being 21 .In primary school, I was enthusiastic about gymnastics but I had to 22 my shortcomings by hours after hours of extra practice, going over every routine. It took months to master the ribbon (带子), which I used to get in a terrible 23 . However, I carried on and 24 greatly so that in2015 I was in the National Championships Final.Whenever I went up in a 25 , I always got the sense that the crowd did not expect much from the overweight child before them. They 26 about my weight in low voices. One man even said,“That’s the ugliest leotard (紧身衣) I’ve ever seen and the elephant inside it isn’t much 27 !”I felt 28 . Trying to smile away the tears, I decided to let my ribbon do the talking. I had worked particularly hard on my ribbon and it showed. On the first beat I knew it was to be 29 . I was gliding (滑行) on the music, each move under 30 control. Soon the whispers of the crowd turned to cheers. As I went into that last split leap, the crowd 31 . I turned to face them and found each one on their feet, applauding. It was incredible.I was titled National Champion that year, but the best thing I got from hours of 32 practice was the knowledge that my look cannot determine who I am and should never limit what I can do. Society seems to 33 that overweight people are unhappy with their weight and have little 34 , so they never amount to much. What a ridiculous guess! I believe I can achieve anything 35 I am bigger than my body. Who wants to be ordinary anyway? 21．A．famous B．beautiful C．responsible D．different 22．A．live up to B．make up for C．break away from D．put up with 23．A．mess B．order C．mass D．length 24．A．developed B．changed C．improved D．slimmed 25．A．class B．competition C．organization D．conference 26．A．knew B．heard C．cared D．commented 27．A．better B．thinner C．heavier D．faster 28．A．excited B．hurt C．moved D．disappointed29．A．ordinary B．popular C．excellent D．inspiring 30．A．remote B．steady C．automatic D．accurate 31．A．rushed B．gathered C．erupted D．left32．A．tiring B．general C．nervous D．scientific 33．A．indicate B．believe C．know D．hope 34．A．freedom B．respect C．equality D．confidence 35．A．if B．even if C．because D．though三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。