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定语从句的类型及例子
定语从句的类型主要有三种：限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句和同位语从句。
以下每种类型各举一个例子，中英文间隔呈现：
1. 限制性定语从句
中文：这是一本我曾经读过的书。
英文：This is a book that I have ever read.
限制性定语从句通过提供必要的信息来定义或限制先行词（本句中的“书”），如果去掉定语从句，原句的意义将不完整或发生变化。
2. 非限制性定语从句
中文：我的邻居，一个和蔼的老人，经常帮助我。
英文：My neighbor, who is a kind old man, often helps me.
非限制性定语从句对先行词（本句中的“邻居”）提供额外信息，这些信息不是定义性的，如果去掉定语从句，原句的基本意义仍然完整。
3. 同位语从句
中文：我有一个梦想，那就是环游世界。
英文：I have a dream that is to travel around the world.
同位语从句用于解释或说明先行词（本句中的“梦想”）的具体内容，它与先行词在逻辑上是等同的，通常通过“that”引导从句。
这些例子展示了定语从句的不同类型及其在句子中的应用。
通过正确使用定语从句，我们可以更具体、更生动地描述事物和情境。
Attributive Clause定语从句一、定义定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句。
换句话说，名词、代词后的从句叫定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫先行词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
1关系代词：在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定语成分2关系副词：在定语从句中担任状语成分关系词3个功能：1. 连接功能（连接先行词与定语从句）；2. 担任功能（在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语）；3. 替代功能（在定语从句中代替先行词）。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语的是： who, that, which, as宾语的是： who, whom, that, which, as定语的是： whose, which先行词是人时，关系代词是：who, whom, that, as先行词是物时，关系代词是：which, that, whose, as关系副词有：when (先行词为时间), where (先行词为地点), why (先行词为原因)关系副词 = 介词 + which / whom定语从句分为两种：限制性与非限制性。
先行词与关系词之间无逗号隔开为限制性；有逗号隔开则为非限制性，且一般由which引导。
唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词as 引导。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
定语从句（the attributive clause ）一．什么叫定语从句？一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。
二．定语从句的结构及种类1. 结构：关系词 +主语+谓语+其它2. 种类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句三．关系词的分类及关系词1.关系代词： who ，whom, whose, that ,which, as2.关系副词： when ，where ，why四．关系词的功用1.起连接作用，引导定语从句2.在定语从句中作一个成分——主语，宾语，状语，定语，表语。
五．什么是先行词？被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。
六．关系词的用法1.who当先行词是指人得名词或代词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选who 。
The boy who is standingover there is Tom.He who doesn ’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2.whom当先行词是指人得名词，而且关系词在句中作主语时，选w h o m.This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.3.whose①当先行词是指人的名词，而且关系词在句中作定语时，选whose. This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.②当先行词是指物的名词，而且关系在句中作定语时，选whose.We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.4.that①当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作主语时，选that.This is a machine that can walk.②当先行词是指物的名词，关系词在句中作宾语时，选that. 另外，that 可以省略。
I like the present (that) my father sent me.③当先行词是指人的名词，关系词也可选用that=whoThe boy that/who is playing football on the play ground is my brother.5.which当先行词是指物的名词时，关系词也可选用which ，它在句中作主语或宾语，which=that6.下列情况下，关系词只能选用that①当先行词为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything 时Is there anything that I can do for you?②当先行词为不定代词all 时Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well.③ 当先行词被 all, some, any 修饰时These are all the things that I have done today.④当先行词被the only, the very 修饰时This is the only computer that he often turns to for help.⑤ 当先行词被序数词，形容词最高级修饰时This is the cleaning room that you can see here.⑥time 作先行词，前面有序数词或last 修饰时This is the last time that I ’ll give y oupocket m o n e y.⑦ 尽管先行词指人，但关系词在句中作表语时。
定语从句定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which,as。
关系副词有：when,where,why,how。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。
当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
一、定语从句的翻译许多英语初学者往往弄不明白为什么引导定语从句的关系词which不能译为“哪一个”，who不能译为“谁”，when不能译为“什么时候”，where不能译为“什么地方”，等等。
首先，我们必须要明白一点，那就是引导定语从句的which,who,when,where,why等是关系词（关系代词或关系副词），而不是疑问词，所以不能按疑问词的意思来理解。
前面我们讲到，英语中的定语从句总是后置的，即要放在被修饰名词或代词之后；但在汉语中，定语通常是前置的，也就是说定语要放在被修饰名词的前面，并通常表现为“……的”这样的形式。
当我们翻译英语中定语从句的时候，一般可以按汉语习惯，将定语从句翻译在被修饰的名词或代词之前，而其中的关系词一般就是译成汉语中的“……的”。
如：He showed me the article that he had written.他把他写的文章拿给我看。
句中的that he had written为修饰名词the article的定语从句，翻译时就可译为“他写的文章”，其中的关系代词that在此译成了“的”字。
She was not in the train which arrived just now.她不在刚到的那列火车上。
英语中的定语从句用法定语从句是英语中非常重要的一种句子结构，它能够为主句提供更多的信息，使句子更加丰富和准确。
在学习和运用定语从句时，我们需要掌握一些基本的用法和注意事项。
一、定语从句的引导词定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。
关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, whose等，而关系副词则包括where, when, why等。
在选择引导词时，我们需要根据引导词在定语从句中的作用来决定。
1. 当引导词在定语从句中作主语时，我们可以使用关系代词who, which或that。
例如：The girl who is standing over there is my sister.（那个站在那边的女孩是我妹妹。
）2. 当引导词在定语从句中作宾语时，我们可以使用关系代词whom, which或that。
例如：I have a friend whom I can always rely on.（我有一个朋友，我总是可以依靠他。
）3. 当引导词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们可以使用关系代词whom, which或关系副词where, when等。
例如：This is the hotel where we stayed last summer.（这是我们去年夏天住过的酒店。
）二、定语从句的位置定语从句可以出现在主句的前面或后面，具体位置取决于定语从句的内容和语境。
当定语从句的内容对于理解主句非常重要时，我们通常将其放在主句的后面。
例如：I bought a book that was recommended by my teacher.（我买了一本被我的老师推荐的书。
）另外，当定语从句的内容对于理解主句并不是非常重要时，我们通常将其放在主句的前面，并用逗号与主句隔开。
例如：The weather being fine, we decided to go for a picnic.（天气很好，我们决定去野餐。
定语从句语法专题（Attributive Clauses）教案一. 定语从句的概述:1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
在句中做定语，被修饰的名词或代词，叫做先行词。
从句通常放在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导。
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
eg She is the girl（who got the first prize.）girl先行词who充当从句主语, 从句做定语修饰girlThis is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。
the boy是先行词, who broke the window是限制性定语从句, 明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语That is the house where he lived ten years ago.He is the man who/that lives next door.He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句复合句: 是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子, 复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的的主语和谓语, 主句是复合句的主体, 可以独立存在, 从句需要有一个连词引导, 是修饰说明主句的, 不能独立存在, 根据在句中的不同作用, 从句可以分为三类: 定语从句, 名词性从句, 状语从句。
二. 引导定语从句的关系词有两大类:1.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词: that, who, whom, whose, which, as（主, 宾, 定）关系副词: when, where, why.（状语）2.关系词的作用:（1）引导定语从句, 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用；（2）代替先行词在句中充当成分。
定语从句句知识点总结基本结构定语从句由关系代词和关系副词引导，其基本结构如下：关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that关系副词：when, where, why关系代词的用法1. 关系代词作宾语The man who(m) I met yesterday is a doctor.昨天我遇到的那个人是一名医生。
这里的定语从句“whom I met yesterday”修饰先行词“the man”，在句中作宾语。
2. 关系代词作主语The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.我从图书馆借来的那本书很有趣。
定语从句“that I borrowed from the library”修饰先行词“the book”，在句中作主语。
3. 关系代词作表语The reason why he was late is that his car broke down.他迟到的原因是他的车坏了。
定语从句“why he was late”修饰先行词“the reason”，在句中作表语。
4. 关系代词作定语The girl whose mother is a teacher is my best friend.那个母亲是老师的女孩是我最好的朋友。
定语从句“whose mother is a teacher”修饰先行词“the girl”。
关系副词的用法1. 关系副词引导地点状语从句This is the hotel where we stayed last year.这就是我们去年住过的旅馆。
定语从句“where we stayed last year”修饰先行词“the hotel”。
2. 关系副词引导时间状语从句He remembered the day when he first met her.他记得他第一次见到她的那天。
英语定语从句的结构和用法定语从句的结构：定语从句通常包括三个部分：引导词、主句和从句。
1. 引导词：定语从句的引导词通常由关系代词和关系副词构成。
关系代词包括that, who, whom, whose, which等；关系副词包括where, when, why等。
2.主句：主句是指引导词所修饰的名词所在的句子。
3.从句：从句是由引导词引导的从句，用来修饰主句中的名词。
定语从句的用法：1. 修饰人：从句中用who或that引导。
- The man who is standing over there is my brother.- The woman that I met yesterday is a famous actress.2. 修饰物：从句中用which或that引导。
- The book that is on the table is mine.- The car which/that I bought last week is very expensive.3. 修饰地点：从句中用where引导。
4. 修饰时间：从句中用when引导。
- I still remember the day when we went to the beach together.5. 修饰原因：从句中用why引导。
6. 修饰所有格：从句中用whose引导。
- The boy whose father is a doctor is my classmate.需要注意的是，定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或名词短语之后，并且从句中的主语一般不可以省略，而宾语可以省略，具体要根据具体情况来确定。
同时，引导词在从句中所起的作用与其在主句中的作用相同，例如，关系代词在从句中可以充当主语、宾语、定语等。
定语和定语从句？定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。
单词作定语一般前置,句子或短语作定语则必须后置.句子作定语则叫定语从句.a blue sea a handsome boy定语从句的位置:1.紧跟在先行词的后面:You must do everything that I do.I have found the book which I lost.I visited the school where I studied.2.定语从句后移/分隔式定语从句He laughs best who laughs last.He is the only one of the teachers whocomes from Qingdao.3.as引导的定语从句可前移As you all know,the earth is round.Join the following sentences:1. A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is a machine the machine can fly.A plane is a machine that/which can fly.关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,that/which代指先行词machine。
2. The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.The girl we saw her yesterday is Mary.The girl who/that we saw yesterday is Mary.关系代词实际上是先行词的复指，who/that代指先行词the girl。
1. The car which my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.2. This is the city where I was born.定义：修饰名词或代词的从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。
关系词/连接词：连接主句和定语从句的连词。
引导定语从句的连接词，一定要在从句中充当成分。
关系代词(作主语/宾语/表语):1.who/whom(that)2.which(that)3..that不能放在介词的后面4.whose=of which 或 of whom5.as关系副词(作状语) :1.where=介词+ which2.when=介词+ which3.why=for+which关系词的作用:1)连接；2)代替先行词；3)在定从中作成分4.way的特殊用法 the way he lives.that he lives.in which he lives.关系代词和定语从句1. The number of people ____ lost homes reached as many as 250,000.A. whoB. whichC. whereD. when2. The boy _____ we saw yesterday was John's brother.A. whomB. /C. whichD. when3. Spielberg won a prize for a short film _____ he made.A. whichB. whoC. /D. where4. It's about a big shark____ attacks swimmers ___ are spending their holidays ina small village.A. whereB. whoC. thatD. whichE./I once lived in a house ____ was broken.A. whose roofB. which roofC. of which the roofD. the roof of which5. whose＋n＝of which/whom the +n =the +n+of which/whom她父母不想把女儿嫁给一个家境贫穷的男人。
Her parents don't want to marry their daughter to a man___ whose family=the family of whom=of whom the family______ is poor.关系副词和定语从句(1)我仍然记得这天。
(2)在这天我来到这里。
I still remember the day. I came here on the day .=on which=when我仍然记得（我来到这里的）那天。
1. Do you know the date ___ Lincoln was born?A. whichB. on whichC. whenD. where(1)就是这所房子。
(2)我去年在这所房子住过。
This is the house . I lived in the house last year.=in which= where就是这所（我去年住过的）房子。
2. The farm _____ we picked cotton was 90 kilometers away.A. whenB. whereC. whyD. on which(1)他给了一个原因 (2)因为这个原因人们喜欢音乐。
He gave a reason. people like music for the reason.=for which=why他给了一个（人们喜欢音乐的）原因。
3. I don't know the reason ____ he looks unhappy.A. thatB. whyC. for whichD. /I disapprove the reasons ____ he came up with.A. thatB. whyC. for whichD. /因此先行词虽然为reason,但如果连接词在从句中作主语或者宾语,则只能用that/which4.以way为先行词的定语从句问题。
I don't like the way ____ he talked to his mother.I don't like the way ____ he chose to do it.A. thatB. in whichC. /D. how何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略解题方法和技巧1.首先是确定关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中作什么成分。
若是作主语、宾语，则在关系代词中选择。
若是作状语，则在关系副词中选择。
2.其次是看先行词是人还是物；是时间、地点还是reason,way。
1. She looked at Jeff_AB__ was waving his arms.2. The girl __C__ leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to hospital.3. And there she saw a wall of water _BD__ was quickly advancing towards her.A. whoB. thatC. whoseD. which1、判断关系词在定从中的成分是关键；2、再看先行词。
定语从句使用中的特殊情况一、只能用that的情况：1. 先行词既有物又有人时。
He spoke of the persons and things that he had seen abroad.2.先行词是something, anything, all, nothing等不定代词时。
Is there anything that I can do for you?3.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时或者被,all,the very,the only,the just修饰时。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.二、不用that的情况：1.介词后禁用关系词that。
I heard of the man, about whom he talked.2. 非限制性定语从句。
She was late again, which made me unhappy.三,介词＋关系代词的问题。
介词+关系代词的情况 1The man to whom you spoke was a scientist.The city in which she lives is far away.可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后介词+关系代词的情况 2The man whom you spoke to was a scientist.The city which she lives in is far away.介词+关系代词的情况 3He lives in a lonely village. At the back of it is a hill.He lives in a lovely village, at the back of ___which___ is a hill.He has three sisters. All of them are abroad.He has three sisters,all of ___whom_____ are abroad.3. 固定动词或介词短语搭配介词+关系代词的情况下面两句中的介词能提前吗?Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better .在固定短语中介词不能提前介词+关系代词的情况练习1. Do you like the book on which she spent $10?2. Do you like the book for which she paid $10?3. Do you like the book from which she learned a lot?4. Do you like the book about which she often talks?5. He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.6. There is a tall tree outside, under which stands our teacher.7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest of which __ is the Yellow River.8. The tower __from which____ people can have a good view is on the hill.9. The man __to whom_____ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词I still remember the day when I came here.on the day =on which=whenThis is the house where I lived last year.in the house=in which=whereThere are many reasons why people like traveling.for the reasons =for which=whyI don’t like the way that you speak.in the way =that=in which介词＋关系代词的问题。
