定语从句 (3)

定语从句（3）从句的本质从句的本质是：句子作成分/词类在简单句中，成分都是由单词或短语充当的：I know you.主语是I ；谓语是know ；宾语是youI enjoy reading novels.主语是I ；谓语是know ；宾语是reading novels（动宾短语）I know he is ill.主语是I ；谓语是know ；宾语是he is ill（句子）我们可以看出：最后的句子He is ill 是作了句子成分的，作宾语，因此可以叫它为“宾语从句”从另一个角度来说：这个句子相当于一个名词，因此可以叫做“名词性从句”That she finished reading an English novel surprised us all.上面的句子当中，句子She finished reading an English novel作了主语，因此叫“主语从句”，也相当于名词，还可以叫做“名词性从句”She finished reading an Englishnovel yesterday. She finished reading an Englishnovel at the age of 12.She finished reading an Englishnovel when she was 12.从上面的变化情况我们可以看出，从单词作成分，短语作成分到句子作成分，作的都是状语，因此从句叫“状语从句”，或叫“副词性从句”。

The little girl finished reading an English novel. The girl in school uniform finished reading an English novel.The girl who is 12 finished reading an English novel.从上面的变化情况我们可以看出，从单词作成分，短语作成分到句子作成分，作的都是定语，因此从句叫“定语从句”，或叫“形容词性从句”。

定语从句(The Attributive Clause)（三）一、相同先行词使用不同的关系词：我们前面讲过：1)当先行词是表示时间的名词时，用关系副词when;例如：I will remember the day when I joined the Party.2)当先行词是表示地点的名词时，用关系副词where;例如：This is the house where I was born.3)当先行词是表示原因的名词时，用关系副词why;例如: This is the reason why he was late.而事实上并非如此。

我们看下面的一组句子：1. I will remember the day______ I joined the Party.I will remember the day______ we spent together.在第1组句子中，我们得到答案：a) I will remember the day _when__ I joined the Party.b) I will remember the day that/which_ we spent together.有的同学可能要问同样是表示时间的先行词the day，为什么第一句用关系副词when，而第二句关系代词that/which呢？我们可以把a)句I will remember the day ______I joined the Party.拆开就得到两个句子:①I will remember the day.②I joined the Party on the day.在这两个句子中先行词是物the day，所以我们用关系代词that/which，根据句意可知第一句为主句，所以我们得到: I will remember the day that/which I joined the Party on.把介词on提前，即得：I will remember the day on which I joined the Party而on which=when,亦即：I will remember the day when I joined the Party.所以第a)句填when.我们可以把b)句I will remember the day______ we spent together..拆开就得到两个句子:①I will remember the day.②we spent the day together.在这两个句子中先行词是物the day，所以我们用关系代词that/which，根据句意可知第一句为主句，所以得到:I will remember the day that/which we spent together.所以第b)句填that/which.我们再看一组句子：a)This is the house _______I was born.b) This is the house ________I was born in.我们可以把a)句This is the house _______I was born拆开就得到两个句子:①This is the house.②I was born in the house.在这两个句子中先行词是物the house，所以我们用关系代词that/which，根据句意可知第一句为主句，所以我们得到:This is the house that/which I was born in.把介词in提前，即得：This is the house in which I was born.而in which=where,亦即：This is the house where I was born..所以第a)句填where.我们可以把b)句This is the house _______I was born in.拆开就得到两个句子:①This is the house.②I was born in the house.在这两个句子中先行词是物the house，所以我们用关系代词that/which，根据句意可知第一句为主句，所以我们得到:This is the house that/which I was born in.所以第b)句填that/which.我们看第三组句子：a)This is the reason ________he was late.b) This is the reason ________he gave.我们可以把a)句This is the reason ________he was late.拆开就得到两个句子:①This is the reason.②He was late for the reason.在这两个句子中先行词是物the reason，所以我们用关系代词that/which，根据句意可知第一句为主句，所以我们得到:This is the reason that/which he was late for.把介词for提前，即得：This is the reason for which he was late.而for which=why,亦即：This is the reason why he was late..所以第a)句填why.我们可以把b)句This is the reason ________he gave.拆开就得到两个句子:①This is the reason.②He gave the reason.在这两个句子中先行词是物the reason，所以我们用关系代词that/which，根据句意可知第一句为主句，所以得到: This is the reason that/which he gave.所以b)句填that/which.从以上三组例子，我们可以看出，当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词时并不一定用关系副词when, where, why;而可以用关系代词that/which。

定语从句语法解析（三）五、紧缩的定语从句1. 关于“介词+关系代词+不定式”该结构主要用于正式文体中，相当于一个被紧缩的定语从句：She must have time in which to grow calm. 她必须有冷静下来时的时间。

Allow me one minute in which to change my clothes. 给我一点时间换衣服。

He was miserable unless he had neighbors with whom to quarrel. 他要是没有邻居吵架就难受。

注意，该结构中的介词不能没有，也不能位于不定式后面：在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。

正：There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)正：There the children had a garden in which they could play. (较正式)正：There the children had a garden to play in. (较口语化)误：There the children had a garden which to play in.2. 将定语从句转化为分词短语有时为了简洁起见可将定语从句转化为分词短语作定语：Who’s the girl who is sitting beside Jim? / Who’s the girl sitting beside Jim? 坐在吉姆旁边的女孩是谁？Most of the people who were invited to the party were teachers. / Most of the people invited to the party were teachers. 应邀参加晚会大多数是教师。

Anyone who touches that wire will get a shock. / Anyone touching that wire will get ashock.任何人触到那根电线都会遭到电击。

语从句( ) 1.（2009•甘肃兰州）I like the teacher__________ classes are very interesting and creative.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. whose【答案】D( ) 2.（2009•山东淄博）I don’t know the teacher is talking with Miss Wang.A. whatB. whom C, which D. who【答案】D( ) 3.（2009•河北）Sorry, we don’t have the coat ______ you need.A. whatB. whoC. whomD. which【答案】D( ) 4.（2009•山东烟台）I’ve found some pictures of the most interesting places ______ you can visitduring the winter holidays.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. that【答案】D( ) 5.（2009•四川成都）The girl ______ I just talked with is Ben’s mother.]A. whomB. whichC. she【答案】A( ) 1.（2009•河南）It’s time to say goodbye to my school. I’ll always remember the people __have helped me.A. whoB. whatC. whichD. where【答案】A( ) 2.（2009•湖北孝感）The skirt _________ is made of silk is very expensive. I can’t afford it.A. whatB. /C. thatD. it【答案】C( ) 3.（2009•陕西绥德）I love people ______ are friendly to others.A. whichB. whoseC. whatD. who【答案】 D( ) 4.（2009.福建漳州）---Could you tell me something about Zheng He?---Sure. He was a Ming Dynasty explorer ______ the Chinese people are proud of?A. whichB. whoseC. whomD. where【答案】 C( ) 1.（2009•哈尔滨）Ten months has passed, but Chinese people still remember those exciting days_______they spent during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games．A．that B．who C．when【答案】A( ) 2.（2009•吉林通化）Jim dislikes people ______ talk much but never do anything.A. whomB. whenC. whoseD. who【答案】D( ) 3.（2009•辽宁锦州）—Is everything _____ we need to do _______?—Yes. You needn’t worry about it.A. which; has doneB. which; doingC. that; has doneD. that; done【答案】D( ) 4.（2009•深圳）---Do you know the boy_________ is sitting next to Peter?---Yes．He is Peter’s friend．They are celebrating this______ birthday.A. who, ninthB. that, nineth C,/, nineth D. which, ninth【答案】A( ) 5.（2009•山东德州）This is the novel________ is written by Guo Jingming.A. whoB. whatC. thatD. /【答案】C( ) 6.（2009•湖南长沙）---What are you looking for?---I’m looking for the pen ______ I bought yesterday.A. whoB. whichC. whose【答案】B( ) 7.（2009•朝阳）---What kind of music do you like?---I like music ______ I can sing along with.A. whoB. whereC. thatD. when【答案】C( ) 8.（2009•福建莆田）The place ______ interested me most was Jiuzhaigou.A. whichB. whereC. what【答案】A(2010 .河北中考Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me ________?A. where you buy itB. where do you buy itC. where you bought itD. where did you buy it【解析】选C(2010.盐城中考)—Excuse me .Could you tell me_____I can get to the Space Museum? --Of course.You can take bus No.1.A.whereB.howC.ifD.why【解析】选B（2010.自贡中考）—Do you know ________the new mobile phone last week?--Maybe 900 yuan. I’m not quite sure.A.how much she paid forB.how much will she pay forC.how much did she pay for【解析】选A(2010潍坊中考)Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And that’s ____ he succeeds .A.whatB.whenC.whyD.where【解析】选C(2010潍坊中考)Alice in Wonderland is a fantastic movie.It’s about ______.A.how did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terror（恐怖统治）B.what did Alice end the Red Queen’s reign of terrorC.how Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terrorD.what Alice ended the Red Queen’s reign of terror【解析】选C（2010南京中考）—Do you know ________the girl in red is ?--I’m not sure.Maybe a teacher.A.whenB.howC.whereD.what【解析】选D(2010.无锡中考)—What did your parents thank about your decision?--They always let me do_______I think I should.A.whenB.thatC.howD.what【解析】选D一、单项选择1．— The Dragon Boat races are so exciting, but our boat is still behind.—Don’t worry. I am sure _______ our team will win!A. ifB. /C. whetherD. of2．Why not listen to BBC news to improve your listening skills?It’s difficult for me follow.A. too; toB. so; thatC. such; thatD. so; too3．— Yesterday there were many people in the park I almost lost my way.— It was the May Day holiday. Lots of people wanted to have fun there.A. quite; thatB. so; thatC. enough; thatD. very; that4．This lesson was so boring ____ some students began to sleep in class.A. thatB. andC. whenD. how5．— Why not listen to BBC news to improve your listening skills?—It’s _________ difficult for me _________ follow.A. too; toB. so; thatC. such; thatD. so; too6．---The doctor told me not to eat too much, but I found it difficult.---The doctor is right. _________ you eat, ______ you will be.A. The less, the healthierB. The less; the more healthilyC. The more; the healthierD. The more; the more healthily7．—It seems _____ you like to work with children.—Yes, they are so lovely.A.thatB.whatC.toD.as8．I want to know if the idea _______ she has thought up works out fine.A. whoB. whereC. thatD. how9．—You speak _____ fast _____ we can’t follow you.—I will speak slowly.A.so; thatB. such; thatC. such a; thatD. too; to10．Are you sure the news ______ you received from the Internet is true?A. thatB. whereC. whatD. how11．—Could you tell me __________？—Sorry, I don’t know.A. how can I get to the Water Sports CenterB. when will Mr. Black come backC. why is Tom late for classD. where Mr. Green has gone12．These days the long TV play is popular my mother often keep watching it for two hours without a rest a day .A. so, thatB. too , toC. very , thatD. such , that13．I don’t know .A、what does he doB、what’s the matter with herC、what he says just now14．There are always ____interesting stories in the series that ___ many people watch them.A. so, soB. such, suchC. such, soD. so, such15．Sichuan food is hotter than Shanghainese food. That's ______________.A. what I like itB.what do I like itC. why I like itD.why do I like it16．—I’m going to buy a new car. Any advice, John?—Well, it depends on _______. If money isn’t a problem, you can buy a BMW.A. when you will buy oneB. where you are drivingC. what color do you likeD. how much you can afford17．——Do you know _______? ——I’m not sure. Maybe an artist.A. what the man with long hair isB. what is the man with long hairC. who the man with long hair isD. who is the man with long hair18．—I dislike shopping online, I prefer to actually see and touch what I’m buying before I pay for it, especially for clothes and shoes.—That’s right.___________.A. Seeing is believingB. Clothes do not make the manC. The first step is always the hardestD. You are never too old to learn19．---Who can tell me_______? ---Every 15 minutes.A. when the bus will arrive.B. how often the bus arrivesC. how long has the bus been awayD. when will the bus arrive20．I wonder when they ___ for Beijing. I will go to the train station to see them off when they ___.A .leave, will leave B. will leave, leaveC. will go, leaveD. go, leave21．.—What will you do if it _______ tomorrow?—I will stay at home and watch the match on TV.A、rainB、rainsC、will rainD、is raining22．I didn’t see Tom yesterday. Do you know?A、what happened with himB、where he has beenC、why didn’t he come23．-Do you know if he will come tomorrow?-No,but if he ,I’ll call you to have a meal together.A.will comeB.won’t comeCes D.doesn’t come24．Many countries are setting up nation parks animals and plants can be protected.A. whenB.whichC.where25．The second book ______I want to read is Business @ the Speed of Thought.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. as七、补充句子（题型注释）根据所给提示，完成以下句子。

定语从句知识点详解（初中英语专项复习）Mr. Brown is a teacher __________ is strict with all is students.A. whichB. whoC. where【参考答案】B【试题解析】句意＂布朗是一个对所有的学生都严格的老师＂。

本题考查定语从句。

A.指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B.指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；C.表示地方，在从句中作地点状语。

本句话中先行词为a teacher，指人，在从句中作主语，故选B。

做定语从句的题时，可先将先行词还原到句中。

其次选择关系词，要先看先行词指人、指物还是既指人又指物。

二要看从句中做何种成分，从而做出正确的判断。

一、关系代词关系代词有六个，听我逐一来说破；which表物人用who，人物都有that顾；which用在逗号后，意表前句你要know；who作主语很称职，whom用到宾语里。

二、that用法that用法真有趣，两个地方它不去；逗号后边它不去，介词之后不考虑。

三、that和which的区别that which代表物，区别听我来叙述；先行若是不定代，that就把which踹；先行词前有两数，就用that定无误；先行词前最高级，还用that必无疑；句中若有there be，that应把which替；先行主中作表语，避免重复从句里；just，the only，very，same，last其后也要用that。

四、指人的关系代词指人可用that, who，以下情况多用who；those people作先行，there be的结构中；先行指人不定代，从中作主who要在；两个定从一起来，不要重复你有才。

五、whose的用法定从之中少定语，whose为你唱一曲；whose指人又指物，所属关系要记住。

六、as和which的区别as/which在句末，若有否定as错；句首只能用as，还有认知猜想词；固定结构用as, the same/such/so/as；so/such...that宾不离，so/such...as...宾要弃。

下载毙考题APP免费领取考试干货资料，还有资料商城等你入驻邀请码：8806 可获得更多福利2018考研英语翻译语法讲解：定语从句（3）融合法第三种：融合法所谓融合法，是指把主句和定语从句融合成一个简单句，其中的定语从句译成单句中的谓语部分。

由于限制性定语从句与主句的关系较紧密，所以，融合法多用于翻译限制性的定语从句，尤其是there be句型中的定语从句。

此外，融合法也多见于主句过于简单，而定语从句较复杂，重心在定语从句的句子。

我们举例说明。

1)There is a girl who is waiting for you downstairs .2)We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity .3)We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it .上面这三个句子中出现了四个定语从句，其中第三个句子我们重点以第一个定语从句为例。

第一个句子是there be句型，其定语从句是who is waiting for you downstairs;第二个句子主干是we used a plane，从句是of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity，由此可见，本句主句很简单，从句较复杂，且重点信息都在从句里。

第三个句子主干是we in America desperately need more people，从句是who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it，这个从句中嵌套了一个that引导的宾语从句和一个who引导的定语从句，因此，也具有主句简单，从句复杂的特点，且核心信息偏重于第一个who从句上。

定语从句练习（3）改错定语从句练习（3）I.改错1.He told us about the countries where he had visited.2.Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.3.China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.4.The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.5.The house stands at the place that the two roads meet.6.We shall visit the college where his father teaches there.7.I know the reason that she looks so worried.8.He left me the book, that is very useful for me.9.This is the room which food is kept.10.April 15, 1976 is the day when we will never forget.11.The man came yesterday is our English teacher.12.The students ae playing football on the playground are of Class Two.13.This is all which I can do for you.14.Can you think of anyone who’s house was here?15.The watch that Mother bought it for me works very well.16.This is the only book that were borrowed from the library.17.The day which she had to leave arrived at last.18.The doctor whom they want to see have come.19.Do you know the young man whom has been chosen chairman?20.The park stands at the place that the two rives meet.21.A plane is a machine can fly.22.It is one of the best pictures which have been sold.23.Those that want to go put up your hands.24.This is the knife with that the doctor did the operation.25.Who is the man whom you said hello just now?II.1.This is the professor_______ taught me chemistry in 1980.2.The hospital______ was built five years ago has been modernized.3.This is boy ______ father died three years ago.4.The film _____ we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.5.Do you know the student ______ was praised at the meeting?6.1949 is the year_____ the People’s Republi c of China was founded.7.They work in a factory _____ makes radio parts8.They work in a factory _______radio parts are made.9.This is the vision phone through _____ we can see and talk to our friends.10.Her ae players from Japan, some of ____ are our old friends.11.She lives in a small village, ____ is only three miles from here.12.She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai, ____she has somefriends.13.We’ll put off the meeting till next week, _____ we won’t be so busy.14.The sun gives the earth light and heat,____ is very important to the living things.15.Those _____ want to go to the compute room write your names here.16.He was often late, ______ made his teacher very angry.17.Who is the person_____ is standing at the gate?18.He talked about the teachers and schools _____ he had visited.III.1.The knife ___ we used to cut the bread is very sharp.a.whichb. withc. with itd. with which2.The brave man,___ the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.a.Of whomb. by thatc. by whomd. by which3.The clever boy made a hole in wall, ___ he could see what it was going on insidethe house.a.On whichb. at whichc. through whichd. in which4.The beautiful dress___ Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend ofhers.a.In whichb. worn byc. through whichd. on which5.During the days___, he worked as a servant at the Browns’.a.That followedb. to followc. followingd. followed6.You may take anything useful___.a.Which you wantb. you want themc. what you wantd. you want7. My hometown is no longer the same___ it used to be.a. likeb. thatc. asd. which8. The old woman has two sons, one___ is a teacher.a. of whob. of whomc. of whichd. of them9. You can take any seat___ is free.a. in whichb. thatc. whered. which10. Is there anything___to you?a. that belongb. which belongsc. that belongsd. that is belonged11. We hope to get such a tool___he is using.a. whereb. thatc. asd. which12. Finally came the day___he had to begin is study for the next term.a. tillb. thatc. sinced. which13. She hasn’t got enough money___she buys the rings.a. for whichb. with whichc. thatd. which14. I’ve read all the books___were borrowed from the library.a. theyb. whichc./d.that15. This is the best hotel in the city___I know.a. itb.wherec.thatd. which16. Is oxygen the only gas__helps fore burn?a. itb. whichc./d.that17. The Second world war___ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.a. on whichb. wherec.in thatd. during which18. The train__ she was traveling was late.a. on thatb. for whichc. on whichd. which19. Winter is the time of year ___the days are short and nights are long.a. on whichb. thatc. whend. where20. I’ll show you a store __ you may buy all __ you need.a. that, thatb. which, thatc. where, whichd. in which, /21.I still remember the day ___ she first wore that pink dress.a. on whichb. on thatc. in whichd. which22.Do you know the reason ___ she got so sad yesterday?a. whyb. whichc. for thatd. for why23. Is ___ some German friends visited last week?a. this school whereb. this schoolc. this the schoold. this school24. Is there anyone in your class __ family is in the city?a. whoseb. whichc. who’sd. who25. Can you lend me the book ___ the other day?a. which you talkedb. that you talkedc. about that you talkedd. you talked about26. This is one of the best films __ this year.a. which has been shownb. that have been shownc. that have shownd. have been shown27. Do you know the man ___ ?a. that I spokeb. I spoke toc. to who I spoked. whom I spoke28. There are two thousand students in our school, ___ are girls.a. two-thirds in whichb. two-thirds in themc. two-thirds of themd. of whom two thirds29. I have bought two ball-pen, ___ writes well.a. neither of themb. none of themc. neither of whichd. none of which30. He built a telescope __ he could study the skies.a. by itb. through whichc. with thatd. in which31. Do you know the reason ___ he was late?a. for whichb. for whatc. whichd. that32. ___ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.a. Asb. Thatc. Whatd. Which33. John got beaten in the game, __ had been expected.a. whob. whatc. thatd. as34. They’re invited me to their party, ___ is kind of him.a. thisb. thatc. whichd. as35. Crusoe’s dog became ill and died, ___ make him very lonely.a. thisb. thatc. whichd. as36. There isn’t so much noise in the country __ in big cities.a. asb. wherec. whichd. that37. I often thought of my childhood, ___ I lived on a farm.a. whob. whenc. whered. which38. Next month, ___ you’ll be in your hometown, is coming.a. whereb. whenc. thatd. which39. The next thing __ must be done is to make a plan.a. whichb. thatc. whend. /40. He talked happily about the men and books __ interested him greatly in the school.a. thatb. whenc. whod. which。