LESTER PETER柴油机Engine Range Guide

Volvo Trucks. Driving ProgressThe D16K550 is a powerful 550hp, 16.1-litre, in-line, s ix-cylinder diesel engine equipped with an overhead camshaft, four valves per cylinder and common rail injection. The engine meets the Euro 6 exhaust emissions requirements.The D16K550 is designed for heavy and demanding operations. It is based on a robust and dependable design with an overhead camshaft, four valves per cylinder and accurately controlled elec-tronic fuel injection.With its extremely high power output, the D16K550 produces impressive torque throughout a broad rev range, resulting in excel-lent driveability even in very hilly road conditions. Because there is massive torque even at low revs, the engine has excellent low-rev pulling performance.The D16K550 is a low-emission engine in terms of both exhaust gases and noise. Euro 6 legislation reduces nitrogen oxide (NO X ) by 80% and particulate emissions by 50% compared with Euro 5. In order to meet legislative requirements, Volvo Trucks has de-veloped an after-treatment system that, in the silencer, combines a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF), a Selective Catalytic Reduction unit (SCR) and an Ammonia Slip Catalyst (ASC).The Euro 6 engine features a cooled EGR circuit,which helps the after-treatment system by reducing NO X emissions from the engine.Volvo´s engines together with the emission after treatment sys-tem are highly efficient and are exceeding the legal requirements referred to as Euro 6 Step C version.The D16K 550 can be equipped with VEB+ (Volvo Engine Brake) and EPG (Exhaust Pressure Governor). These systems provide extremely high braking power, further improving safety and reduc-ing wear on the wheel brakes.FACT SHEETEngine D16K550, EU6DSFEATURES AND BENEFITS• Maximum torque within a broad rev range.• Fuel efficient.• Low-emission variant, Euro 6.•Extremely high engine braking effect with EPG and VEB+ (option).• Rear-mounted power take-off with high power output (option).• Extremely clean and environmentally compatible, thanks to two types of closed crankcase ventilation.Efficient combustion for excellent driveabilityThe D16K550 is equipped with a common rail injection system that provide high and precisely timed injection pulses. The com-bustion chamber and inlet manifold are designed for optimum combustion. The gas-fill ratio is extremely high, which contributes to the high efficiency.The design creates a fuel-efficient engine with high power and immense torque within a broad rev range. This gives the D16K550 excellent driveability.The torque curve is improved, giving maximum torque at lower revs compared to Euro 5, giving improved drive-ability and allowing faster rear axle ratios to be used.Fulfilling the Euro 6 standardThe Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) removes hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) from the exhaust gases and produces alsothe nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) necessary for the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) to efficiently combust the particulates.The Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) collects particulate matter (PM) until it is burned off by the NO 2 produced by the DOC. If needed, an automatic active regeneration process can also remove PM in the DPF .In the mixing zone between the DPF andthe Selective Cata-lytic Reduction unit (SCR), the exhaust gases are sprayed with AdBlue, which forms ammonia in the hot exhaust. When the exhaustgases reach the catalyst, the nitrogen oxides (NO X ) are efficiently transformed into harmless nitrogen gas and water with the help of ammonia.The Ammonia Slip Catalyst (ASC) is the last step before the tailpipe where any remaining ammonia (NH 3) is removed.Hydrocarbon injection into the exhaust pipe is used for keeping the after-treatment system clean and efficient. The diesel that is injected by the so-called 7th injector is combusted in the DOC, which increases the exhaust temperature downstream of the DOC. The hot exhaust gases will remove unwanted substances in the DPF and SCR and thereby ensure the efficiency of those components.Low noise emission at idlingThe D16K550 meets the relevant noise emission requirements. The crankshaft and camshaft feature hydraulic vibration dampers that minimise noise and vibrations. Pre-injection of fuel is used to further dampen noise at idling.Crankcase ventilationThe D16K550 offers a choice of two types of closed crankcase ventilation. The CCV-OX is offered as standard. If using the truck in environmentally vulnerable areas there is also the choice of the CCV-C type, recommended down to -25 degrees Celsius.Both systems promote an extremely clean and environmentally compatible engine.Timing and power take-off at the rearThe engine timing mechanism is located at the rear and drives the power steering pump, oil pump, fuel feed pump and air com-pressor. It is a compact, quiet and thoroughly sealed design that saves weight. With the timing mechanism at the rear, the engine’s cooling is also improved since the flow of incoming cooling air is not obstructed.The D16K550 can be equipped with a power take-off designed for propshaft operation or direct-mounted hydraulic pumps. PTO mounting on the engine’s flywheel results in a dependable design and permits high torque levels, up to 1,000 Nm in continuous operation.800600100012001400160018002000Power hpTorque NmEngine speed r/minType designation ..................................................................D16K550, EU6DS Max power output at 1350–1900 r/min ..........................550 hp (405 kW)Max revs ..............................................................................................2000 r/min Max torque at 900–1350 r/min ......................................................2900 Nm*No. of cylinders ....................................................................................................6Bore ...........................................................................................................144 mm Stroke ........................................................................................................165 mm Displacement .........................................................................................16.1 dm 3Compression ratio ......................................................................................16.0:1Exhaust brake power at 2200 r/min ...................................................230 kW Engine braking power (VEB+) at 2200 r/min ...................................470 kW Economy revs ...........................................................................950–1400 r/min Optimum rev range ..............................................................1000–1200 r/min Oil-change volume incl. oil filter ....................................................approx. 42 l Oil filters ..............................................................................2 full-flow, 1 bypass Cooling system, total volume .........................................................approx. 48 l Dry weight (base engine) ......................................................approx. 1472 kg SPECIFICATION* 2800 Nm with manual gearbox.。

gasoline engine汽油机diesel engine柴油机hybrid power system混合动力系统piston活塞spring弹簧strut rod推杆stroke行程、冲程cooling system冷却系统fuel system燃料供给系统ignition system点火系统liquid－cooled水冷的，用液体冷却的air－cooled风冷的，用空气冷却的cylinder block缸体cylinder气缸connecting rod连杆crankshaft曲轴cylinder head缸盖combustion chamber燃烧室valve气门、阀camshaft凸轮轴flywheel飞轮intake manifold进气歧管exhaust manifold出气歧管carbruetor化油器fuel injector喷油器，燃料喷射器cast iron铸铁aluminum铝cooling fluid冷却液spark plug火花塞intake valve进气门exhaust valve排气门cam凸轮gear齿轮belt皮带chain链条rpm=revolutions per minute转速，转数/分钟horsepower马力，功率intake system进气系统sensor传感器fuel induction system燃料吸入系统fuel tank油箱fuel line油管fuel pump燃油泵，喷油泵？fuel filter燃料滤清器ignition module点火模块、点火控制器ignition coil点火线圈ignition wires点火线路starter motor起动电机alternator交流发电机lubrication system润滑系统oil pump机油泵oil filter机油滤清器oil cooler机油冷却器antifreeze防冻剂、防冻液thermostat节温器radiator散热器、水箱air intake ducting进气管air filter空气滤清器turbocharger涡轮增压器muffler消声器、消音器exhaust pipe排气管EGR=exhaust gas recirculater废气再循环PCV=positive crankcase ventila强制曲轴通风阀diverter valve分流阀vacuum modulator真空调节器TDC=top dead center上止点BDC=bottom dead center下止点four－stroke engine四冲程发动机injector喷油器high pressure injector fuel li高压油管Application Engineering Depart应用工程部停止确认Stop to confirm禁止穿行Travel ban当心触电Danger High Voltage气动扳手pneumatic wrench电动扳手electric wrench。

APPLICATION: Trucks: Freightliner, Sterling (CPL 8136);(1)Optional .020 Oversize Thrust Brg - 231169 (2)Optional .040 Oversize Thrust Brg - 231179CU-359-2 8/28/2009Provide Engine Serial # To Verify All PartsQTY ITEM # DESCRIPTION LETTERED ITEMSINCLUDED IN KIT6 131351 STD Piston Kit (Includes Pin & Rings)6 131352 0.50 MM Piston Kit (Includes Pin & Rings)6 131353 0.75 MM Piston Kit (Includes Pin & Rings)6 131354 1.00 MM Piston Kit (Includes Pin & Rings)6 131149 Repair Liner (4.118" OD / 7.875" OAL)6 131345 STD Piston Ring Set6 131346 0.50 MM Piston Ring Set6 131347 0.75 MM Piston Ring Set6 131348 1.00 MM Piston Ring Set6 231163 STD Rod Bearing, w/Fracture Split Rods6 231164 0.25MM Rod Bearing, w/Fracture Split Rods6 231165 0.50MM Rod Bearing, w/Fracture Split Rods6 231166 0.75MM Rod Bearing, w/Fracture Split Rods6 231167 1.00MM Rod Bearing, w/Fracture Split Rods1 231145 STD Main Bearing Set "Optional Lower Thrust - 231185"1 231146 0.25MM Main Brg Set "Optional Lower Thrust - 231186"1 231147 0.50MM Main Brg Set (1) "Optional Lower Thrust - 231187"1 231148 0.75MM Main Brg Set "Optional Lower Thrust - 231188"1 231149 1.00MM Main Brg Set (2) "Optional Lower Thrust - 231189"1 331237 Head Gasket Set1 331226 Grade A Head Gasket (1.18 MM)1 331227 Grade B Head Gasket (1.25 MM)1 331228 Valve Cover Gasket24 331231 Positive Valve Seal (Yellow / Top Hat)1 331238 Lower Gasket Set w/Seals1 331239 Pan Gasket Set1 331241 Front Crank Seal1 331242 Rear Crank Seal (Dry Housing) "Fits In Flywheel Housing"6 231161 Pin Bushing2 231154 Cam Bearing, Front & Rear "58 MM OD Oversize Available"12 731157 Rod Bolt, w/Fracture Split Rods1 731169 Head Bolt SetAPPLICATION: Trucks: Freightliner, Sterling (CPL 8136);(9)Use On Heads With Dual Flange On Spring Seat(10)Use 731183 For DEP Plant (Do Not Mix)8/28/2009 CU-359-2Provide Engine Serial # To Verify All PartsQTY ITEM # DESCRIPTION LETTERED ITEMSINCLUDED IN KIT1 939116 Valve Train Kit V1 531168 Camshaft1 531169 Cam Thrust Plate12 531156 Tappet12 431183 Exhaust Valve V12 431184 Intake Valve V12 431185 Ex Service Repair Guide (.2776 ID/.5015 OD/2.020 OAL)12 431186 Ex Service Repair Guide (.278 ID/.5015 OD/2.020 OAL) (9)12 431187 In Service Repair Guide (.2776 ID/.5015 OD/1.937 OAL)12 431188 In Service Repair Guide (.278 ID/.5015 OD/1.937 OAL) (9)24 431189 Valve Spring V48 431191 Valve Keeper (Half) V24 431192 Valve Spring Retainer12 431212 STD Exhaust Valve Seat (PL33)12 431213 STD Intake Valve Seat (PL33)6 431195 Rocker Arm, Exhaust6 431196 Rocker Arm, Intake12 431197 Crosshead "Bridge"12 431198 Rocker Arm Shaft "Capscrew - 431199"1 531171 Cam Gear: Provide ESN (Mounts On Rear Of Cam)1 531172 Cam Gear: Provide ESN (Mounts On Rear Of Cam)1 531167 Crank Gear, Front12 531153 Push Rod1 631158 New Oil Pump1 631154 Oil Cooler6 631126 Piston Cooling Nozzles1 731179 Crankshaft6 731175 Connecting Rod (Fracture Split / CDC Plant) (10)1 731177 Cylinder Head Expansion Plug Kit (Includes 36 Plugs)1 731181 Cylinder Block Expansion Plug Kit (Includes 9 Plugs)1 831169 Thermostat w/Seal (190º / 2.4" OD)1 831179 New Water Pump1 831118 Fan Drive Bearing1 831181 Belt Tensioner Assembly: Provide ESN1 831182 Belt Tensioner Assembly: Provide ESN。

柴油机燃料和机械控制燃油系统单元目标：1. 学员能够解释柴油机燃料的特征和卡特彼勒发动机燃油系统正确的维护程序。

2. 学员能够确认和解释下列卡特彼勒燃油系统的操作：NewScroll、套筒计量和机械单元喷油器。

3. 学员能够卸载和安装 3406 New Scroll燃油系统活塞和柱塞套筒组、喷嘴管、时间提前角和喷油泵以及管理组。

学员能够展示他们测试燃料喷嘴管的能力。

参考资料：柴油机燃料和您的发动机 SEBD07173176B, C-10, C-12, 和 3406E 卡车发动机操作和维护手册SEBU6758使用 5P4150 喷嘴管测试组 SEHS7292测试卡特彼勒7000连续喷嘴管系列 SEHS90833406B 维修手册 SEBR05443406C 维修手册 SEBR0550燃料喷嘴管测试 (Video) LEVN9167套筒调节燃油系统 (CD ROM) LERV9802宁波日兴动力科技有限公司 服务热线：400-100-8969工具：222-7876 (168-0328) 维修人员工具箱或具有同样功能的 6V4186 销9S9082 车刀5P5195 燃料管道扳手5P0144 燃料管道套筒扳手8S2244 萃取器8T5287 扳手5P4150 喷嘴管测试组6V2170 管子配件6V2171 管子配件5P7448 适配器134-2570 (8T3139) (9U5840) 活动扳手8T3198 喷嘴管8T3199 喷嘴螺钉6V6983 适配器1B4206 螺母8S2270 集电器配件6V4089 喷嘴管钻孔器6V7025 喷嘴管密封指南1U9725 喷嘴管适配器扳手第1课：柴油机燃料引言：到目前为止，柴油机燃料还是柴油机发动机最大的一笔开销。

燃料的特征、质量和处理都可以影响发动机的效能和寿命。

目标：学员能够解释柴油机燃料的特征和相关的维护措施。

参考资料：柴油机燃料和您的发动机 SEBD07173176B, C-10, C-12, 和 3406E 卡车发动机操作和维护手册SEBU6758注：查阅讲义“柴油机燃料的发热量”（第5单元，讲义1）。

APPLICATION: Backhoes: JCB 3CX, 1700 (LH50133); 3CX-4 (LH50169); 200, 1400B, 1550B (LH50205); Excavators: JCB 410S (LH50149); Telehandlers: JCB 520, 525 (LH50133);(8)Front Seal Wear Sleeve - 301115 (9)Lip Seal Housing Gasket - 371187 / Rear Crank Wear Sleeve - 301143PK-236-33 5/5/2008QTY ITEM # DESCRIPTION LETTERED ITEMSINCLUDED IN KIT1 974245 In-Frame Kit (1) I1 975245 Out-of-Frame Kit (1) O4 171233 Piston Assembly (3 Ring / Topped) (1) (2) O I4 171128 STD Cylinder Liner (Finished / Fire Dam / 4.063" OD) (3) O I4 171214 STD Cylinder Liner (Semi-Finished / Fire Dam / 4.065" OD)4 171131 Service Liner (Finished / No Fire Dam / 4.103" OD) (4)4 171361 Service Liner (Semi-Finished / No Fire Dam / 4.105" OD) (5)4 171468 005 Liner Shim (Fits Service Liners Without Fire Dam)4 171256 Piston Ring Set (2-3/32 1-3/16) (1) O I4 271151 STD Rod Bearing O I4 271152 .010 Rod Bearing4 271153 .020 Rod Bearing4 271154 .030 Rod Bearing "Additional Sizes (6)"1 271161 STD Main Set, wo/Thrust Washers O I1 271162 .010 Main Set, wo/Thrust Washers1 271163 .020 Main Set, wo/Thrust Washers1 271164 .030 Main Set, wo/Thrust Washers "Additional Sizes (7)"1 271119 STD Thrust Washer Set (Offset Lug) O I1 271125 .007 Thrust Washer Set (Offset Lug)1 271126 .010 Thrust Washer Set (Offset Lug)1 371321 Head Gasket Set O I1 371132 Head Gasket 1 371117 Valve Cover Gasket8 371143 Valve Seal (Umbrella)8 371192 Valve Seal, After U778517H (O-Ring)4 371239 Nozzle Dust Seal, Thru 712248G "Not In Gkt Sets Or Kits"4 371318 Nozzle Dust Seal Kit, After 712248G "Not In Sets Or Kits"1 1 1 1 371292 371149 371235 371282 Lower Gasket Set wo/Seals Timing Cover Gasket Fuel Line Seal Kit (23 Seals & Washers) "Not In Gkt Sets" Pan Gasket, Steel Pan O OI1 1 371146 371145 Front Crank Seal (Viton Lip Type) (8) Rear Crank Seal (Viton Lip Type) (9) O O4 271176 Pin Bushing (1.375" Pin)1 271127 Cam Bearing (Finished ID)8 771151 Connecting Rod Bolt 8 771148 Connecting Rod Nut1 771292 Head Bolt Kit, Thru U027630M (22 Bolts / .125" Block CB)1 771293 Head Bolt Kit, After U027630M (Ribbed Blocks / .500" CB)(1)Except LH50169 (2)Untopped Piston Asb - 171413 (3)OS Liner: .010 - 171194 / .040 - 171359 (4)OS Liner: .010 - 171362(5)OS Liner: .020 - 171363 (6).040 - 271155 / .050 - 271156 / .060 - 271157 (7).040 - 271165 / .050 - 271166 / .060 - 271167APPLICATION: Backhoes: JCB 3CX, 1700 (LH50133); 3CX-4 (LH50169); 200, 1400B, 1550B (LH50205); Excavators: JCB 410S (LH50149); Telehandlers: JCB 520, 525 (LH50133);(13)Adjustment Screw 471226 / Lock Nut - 571139 (14)Snap Ring - 471228 PK-236-33 (15)Includes 2 Bushings - 571144 5/5/2008 QTY ITEM # DESCRIPTION LETTERED ITEMSINCLUDED IN KIT1 979516 Camshaft Kit C1 979139 Valve Train Kit V1 571122 Camshaft C1 571162 Cam Bolt Lock Plate 1 271249 Camshaft Thrust Washer (1.750 X 2.873 X .217)8 571123 Tappet C4 4 471123 471128 STD Exhaust Valve (45º / Bi-Metal) STD Intake Valve (45º / Alloy / Chromed Stem) V V4 471132 Exhaust Guide: After U040235M or Service Repair V 4 471131 Intake Guide: After U040235M or Service Repair V8 471134 Outer Valve Spring (8 Coils / 2.500" Free Length) V 8 471133 Inner Valve Spring (9 Coils / 2.000" Free Length) V 8 471219 Spring Seat, Early Integral Guides (Flat / .847" ID)8 471229 Spring Seat, Late Integral/Service Guides (Stepped/.640" ID)8 471222 Spring Retainer16 471146 Keeper (Half) V 4 471111 Exhaust Seat (1.248 x 1.681 x .374 Stepped Top) 4 471113 Intake Seat (1.594 x 2.020 x .281)4 471224 LH Rocker Arm (Adj Screw & Lock Nut Not Included) (13)4 471225 RH Rocker Arm (Adj Screw & Lock Nut Not Included) (13)1 471227 Rocker Arm Shaft (14) "Includes 471176 Plugs"1 571112 Cam Gear: LH50169 (Cast / 56 Teeth) 1 571165 Cam Gear: LH50133, LH50149, LH50205 (Steel / 56 Teeth)1 571113 Crank Gear (28 Teeth)1 571111 Idler Gear: LH50169 (Cast / 63 Teeth) (15)1 571163 Idler Gear: LH50133, LH50149, LH50205 (Steel / 63T) (15)1 571145 Idler Gear Hub8 571117 Push Rod1 671112 Oil Pump 1 671134 Oil Pump Idler Gear "Idler Gear Bush - 571124"1 671148 Relief Valve Assembly (Engines w/LH Oil Filter Only)1 771132 Crank Kit (Spline Nose / Lip Seal)4 771154 Connecting Rod (1.375" Pin)1 771264 Cylinder Head Assembly (Includes Valves & Springs)1 771159 Rear Block Bridge Piece1 771286 Expansion Plug Kit (Includes 19 Plugs For Head & Block)1 871138 Thermostat (2.125" / Bypass)1 871229 Water Pump wo/Pulley1 871228 Block Heater (1.250")1 871182 Manifold Heater Plug (Blade Terminal) "Screw Type-871174"1 871152 Fuel Pump (4 Bolt / Both Ports Toward Block)。

卡特3512柴油机操作与保养规程1主题内容与适用范围本标准规定了卡特彼勒柴油机的操作与保养的技术要求本标准适用于3512柴油机的使用与保养基本参数最高空负荷转速 1980转每分钟全负荷转速 1800水温80~100送气温度小于115度排气温度480度额定转速时机油压力大小345千帕（50磅每平方英寸）机油最高温度110度机油滤清器压差105千帕（15磅~每平方英寸）滤后压力345~520千帕（50~75磅每平方英寸）空气滤清器压差762毫米水柱30英寸水柱燃油滤清器压差105千帕 15磅平方英寸曲轴箱加油量307升工作范围 900~1300 1500~1800转每分钟气缸数12行程190毫米点火顺序1，12，9，4，5，8，11，2，3，10，7，6 旋转方向从飞轮端看逆时针方向2启动前的检查2.1燃油回油管上的阀门，在发动机运转前，应开启。

2.2检查冷却液液面，保持在发动机加液口的底部。

2.3检查机油油面高度，应在“发动机停止”一侧的“FULL”和“ADD”之间。

2.4如果充电机没有防止启动马达漏电的保护设施时，断开充电机电路。

2.5保护设施安装到位2.6确保进气切断熄火阀门在“运转”位置。

2.7确保燃油管线无泄漏。

3预供柴油3.1打开燃油供应管线开关3.2将发动机上的“断通”开关扳至“断开”位置。

3.3逆时针方向旋转油泵手柄，使锁定板从手油泵的定位器脱开3.4操作手油泵，直到燃油系统内的空气排空为止。

4正常启动4.1打开气瓶的排水阀，放尽水和油。

4.2检查空气压力，大于690千帕。

4.3检查启动马达的油面高度，半杯以上。

4.4将扳钮开关扳到“ON”，按下启动按钮启动发动机，发动机一经启动，立即松开控制按钮。

4.5运转15秒后，机油压力不见升高，应立即停机检查。

4.6机油压力表正常前，不要加速，启动15秒后，机油压力应上升到正常值。

4.7急速运转，直到温度达到正常工作温度检查所有仪表。

5发动机停车操作5.1将发动机速度降低到低怠速5.2去负荷5.3提高转速，但不高于发动机额定转速的一半，至少运转5分钟，使发动机冷却。

英国珀金斯柴油发电机组维修保养英国珀金斯柴油发电机组常见故障处理方法柴油机启动故障柴油机转动但不能着机或柴油机启动着机20秒后停止1、检查燃料油位。

2、检查燃料控制磁吸（FCS）接线及在FCS上的电压。

3、检查在交流发电机一侧的保险丝F1 F2 F34、检查燃料管道及过滤器是否堵塞。

5、如果在排气系统有白烟，说明燃油已进入发动机，但柴油机不着车，需进一步查阅6、如外界环境温度低，如有热启动，请用上7、检查从印刷电路板或控制器到燃料控制磁吸的电压输出，如无电压出现，换印刷电路板或控制器。

柴油机因高温停机HIGI TEMPFAULT LAMP故障（高水温故障）1、检查柴油机是否过载。

2、检查散热器有无堵塞。

3、检查风扇皮带松紧。

4、检查外界温度是否合乎发电机组设计范围。

5、柴油机冷却后，检查冷却水位，切勿在未冷却的柴油机加入大量冻水，这样会对柴油机造成严重破坏。

6、一旦故障排除，把控制旋钮旋到“O”位或把控制开关旋到stop使故障报警复位。

7、在不加载的情况下开机10分钟，断路器开关切断负载。

因低油压停车LOW OILPRESSURE 故障1、检查机油油位。

2、参阅《柴油机使用手册》。

3、用测试仪表检查油压开关，如有问题，更换。

4、一旦故障排除，把钥匙启动开关旋到“O”位或把控制开关旋到stop使故障报警复位。

因超速导致柴油机停车OVER SPEED故障（超速故障）注意：在紧急停机前按钮按下后，OVER SPEED（超速）指示灯会亮，虽然实际并无超速发生。

紧急停止和任何遥控器的STOP 按键均应在故障可消除前复位1、检查调速器调整杆有无移动，如有，校正2、如果装有电子调速器，检查连杆活动无阻，如有必要调整之。

3、更换印刷电路板。

4、一旦排除故障，把控制开关旋到STOP使故障复位。

润滑油温度过高而停机HIGH LUBEOIL TEMP故障（高机油温故障）1、在散热器冷却后，检查冷却液水位。

2、检查机油油位。

康明斯柴油发动机的使用及维护保养康明斯柴油发动机日常维护检查：－机油液面－冷却液液面－冷却风扇－排放油水分离器－目测检查曲轴箱呼吸器管－空气滤清器阻力指示器康明斯柴油发动机每6个月、300小时或24,000公里：更换－机油－机油滤清器－燃油滤清器－水滤器，检查－空气滤清器－进气系统－SCA的浓度康明斯柴油发动机每两年、3000小时或192,000公里：更换－机油－机油滤清器－水滤器－柴油滤清器，调整－气门和喷油器－发动机制动器，检查－空气滤清器－进气系统－防冻液－皮带张紧状态康明斯柴油发动机每3年、6000小时或385,000公里：更换－机油－机油滤清器－水滤器－柴油滤清器－冷却液，检查－风扇轮毂－风扇皮带惰轮总成－减振器，推荐使用的燃油及其规格：十六烷值不低于40 燃油黏度>1.3厘沱无水无杂质康明斯柴油发动机推荐使用的润滑油：API标准、发动机专用机油、环境温度高于－5°、C 15W-40 CF4及以上、环境温度低于－5 °C10W-30 CF4及以上康明斯柴油发动机推荐使用的冷却液50％软化水：50％防冻液、防冻液－乙烯、乙二醇或丙烯乙二醇、防冻液浓度：40％~68% 、DCA4 浓度：每U.S.加仑冷却液中1.2~3 个单元、或每升冷却液中0.32~0.79个单元。

康明斯柴油发动机起动和关闭注意事项：脱开驱动单元，如果装有变速箱，把变速箱置于空档位置。

把油门轴放在怠速位置，起动发动机。

如果发动机以气马达起动，气马达需要至少480KPa [70psi]的空气压缩压力。

为防止损坏起动马达，起动时，马达啮合不要超过30秒钟。

对于电起动马达，两次起动间隔要等2分钟。

发动机起动后15秒钟之内，必须有机油压力显示，否则，要立刻停机。

发动机在加载前，要在1000转/分怠速运转3到5分钟。

如果发动机是冷机，要逐渐增加发动机转速，以使发动机各部位有充分的机油。

发动机怠速不允许超过10分钟。

柴油机培训教材（维修）柴油机因热效率高，机动性好，动力性好，安全性高等特点而广泛使用，是现代工程机械产品的主要动力装置。

但柴油机由于燃油系统结构复杂，使用要求高，所以在日常保养中要按时、按程序操作(三一所有设备出厂时，都附有产品使用说明书，作为售后服务工程师，一定要非常熟练的掌握使用说明书的容，只有这样才能指导客户操作手搞好设备的日常保养，保证设备安全、正常运转)，以避免出现故障，保证柴油机的正常工作并延长大修时间。

第一部分：维修过程中的注意事项在进行柴油机售后服务过程中，有以下事项必须注意，做好这些工作会对你的人身安全与及时准确的判断问题有好处：1、进行任何柴油机的修理工作之前，首先要拆下蓄电池的接线，以防意外起动；2、若柴油机处于工作状态或冷却液处于热态时，应先冷却柴油机后方可将加水盖慢慢松开使冷却系统卸压；3、防腐剂含强碱，严防溅入眼中，更不可吞服。

若不小心接触皮肤，应及时用肥皂或水清洗；4、在着手排除故障之前，先要仔细地了解故障细节，如故障前柴油机工作条件——负载情况、海拔高度、环境温度高低、环境灰尘状况、车辆行驶（平地机等路面机械）道路状况等。

故障性质——是逐渐恶化的还是突然发生的，或者是间歇性出现的、是否在更换燃油或机油后发生的等等。

故障现象——排气烟色、冷却液温度和消耗情况、柴油机噪声情况等。

冷却液是否受污染，如机油、铁绣、凝固的沉淀物等。

机油是否受污染，如有水、燃油等。

柴油机振动情况等等。

5、对故障进行严密而系统的分析；6、把故障的征兆与柴油机系统和基本零部件建立有机联系；7、把最近的维修或修理与目前的故障相联系；8、在开始拆检柴油机之前要加倍的检查；9、排除故障首先从最容易和最明显的问题着手；10、确定故障原因并进行彻底的修理；第二部分：培养良好的维修习惯柴油机的所有故障都是其几大系统发生的。

我们必须彻底了解柴油机的结构及其主要系统的功能、组成。

在具体排故时紧紧围绕几大系统的功能进行分析，就可很容易的找到问题所在(万变不离其宗，任何问题的出现都有一个根本成因)。