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过去分词专项练习
过去分词两个显著的特点即：从时间上讲，表示动作已经完成；从语态上讲，表示被动的概念，但是如果是不及物动词用作过去分词形式，则只表示动作的完成，而没有被动意义。如fallen leaves 落叶retired workers 退休工人。过去分词主要起形容词或副词的作用,表示"被动、完成”的意义,在句中作状语、定语、补足语、表语等。选择分词时,关键看分词与其逻辑主语的关系,若是其逻辑主语主动发出的动作,选用现在分词;若是被动动作,则选用过去分词。
过去分词用法总结如下：
一、表语:
1．The cup is broken.
2．The door remains locked. 3．She looked disappointed.
二、定语：要求学生必须掌握过去分词做定语的位置，告诉他们单个过去分
词及由过去分词构成的复合形容词作定语时，通常置于被修饰词之前，但修饰代词时，需置于被修饰词之后，而过去分词短语作定语也要后置，即要放在被修饰词之后。
1. We needed much more qualified workers. ( 单个过去分词作定语)
2. The girl dressed in white is my daughter. ( 过去分词短语作定语)
3. Is there anything unsolved?
There is nothing changed here since I left this town.
(如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one 所构成的复合代
词或指示代词those等时，即使是单个的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面)
4. This is a state-owned factory.
This is a newly built building.
Advertising is a highly developed industry.
(单个过去分词与名词或副词构成复合形容词时，放在其修饰的名词前作
前置定语)
三、宾语补足语：可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有：
1）see, hear, find ,feel, think等表示感觉和心理状态的动词
He found his hometown greatly changed when he came back from
abroad.
He once heard the song sung in German.
Every thought the match lost.
2) make, get, have, keep 等表示“致使”意义的动词：
He’s going to have his hair cut.
She had her foot injured in the fall.
When you talk, you have to at least make yourself understood.
Please keep us informed of the latest developments.
( 请让我们了解最新的发展情况。)
四、状语：
The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs.
Once seen, it can never be forgotten. =Once it is seen,
Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful = When it is
seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
Given more time, we could do it much better. = If we were given
more time, we could do it much better.
语法演练
一、考查过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语可表示原因、时间、条件、伴随等。有时过去分词前也可加上连词when, while, if, unless, though等。过去分词作状语,其逻辑主语是句子中的主语,表示被动或完成意义。例如:
1. ________ in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the
United States.
A. Being founded
B. It was founded
C. Founded
D. Founding
2. ________ time, he'll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Given
Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited
Generally speaking, _____ according to the directions, the drug has no si de effect.
A when taking
B when taken
C when to take
D when to be taken
二、考查过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语,其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词或代词,表示一个被动或完成的动作,相当于一个被动的定语从句。
3. Prices of daily goods _____through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought
B. bought
C. been bought
D. buying
4. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing
B. to be first played
C. first played
D. to be first playing
三、考查过去分词作补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语时,逻辑主语是其前面的宾语,表示一个被动或完成的动作。例如:
5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ________ behind his back.
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
四、考查过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语,其主语通常是人,表示主语所处的状态或表示主语对某事的感觉,意思是"(某人)......的";而现在分词作表语时,其主语通常是物,表示主语
的特征,意思是“令人......的”。常用作表语的过去分词有: interested, moved, d iscouraged, amused, astonished, surprised, frightened, excited, moved, inspir ed, tired, worried, hurt, crowded, gone, broken, dressed, wounded, pleased,等等。例如:
6. As we joined the big crowd, I got ________ from my friends.
A. separated
B. spared
C. lost
D. missed
另外,有些以过去分词形式出现的词,其词性和意思都已发生了变化,须引起同学们的注意。例如:
7. ___ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
A. Given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Having given
“Given”在此处是介词,意思是“在......的情况下;考虑到”。答案:1-5 CDBCD 6 -7 AA
过去分词练习
1. Because of my poor English I'm afraid I can't make myself________.
A. understand
B. to understand
C. understanding
D. understood
2. The workers want us________ together with them.
A. work
B. working
C. to work
D. worked
3. What's the language________in Germany?
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. be spoken
D. to speak
4. ________some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed
B. Followed by
C. Being followed
D. Having been followed by
5. Most of the people________ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited
D. inviting
6. He was disappointed to find his suggestions________.
A. been turned down
B. turned down
C. to be turned down
D. to turn down
7. Do you know the boy________ under the big tree?
A. lay
B. lain
C. laying
D. lying
8. -Good morning. Can I help you?
-I'd like to have this package________, madam.
A. be weighed
B. to be weighed
C. to weigh
D. weighed
9. There was a terrible noise________ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed
B. following
C. to be followed
D. being followed
10. ________more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Having given
11. The secretary worked late into the night, _____a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare
B. preparing
C. prepared
D. was preparing
12. It was so cold that they kept the fire ________all night.
A. to burn
B. burn
C. burning
D. burned
13. Generally speaking,___ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
14. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________the girl and took her away,________ into the woods.
A. seizing;disappeared
B.seized; disappeared
C. seizing; disappearing
D.seized; disappearing
15. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it
remains________ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. seen
16. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain________ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat
B. seating
C. seated
D. to be seating
17. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, ________.
A. exhausting
B. exhausted
C. being exhausted
D. having exhausted
18. The________ boy was last seen________ near the East Lake.
A. missing; playing
B. missing; play
C. missed; played
D. missed; to play
19. The patient was warned________ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not
B. eating not
C. not to eat
D. not eating
20. While building a tunnel through the mountain, ________.
A. an underground lake was discovered
B. there was an underground lake discovered
C. a lake was discovered underground
D. the workers discovered an underground lake
key: 1-5 DCBBA 6-10 BDDBA 11-15 BCBDB 16-20 CBACD
过去分词专题练习
1. Mr. Smith, _______ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired; boring
B. tiring; bored
C. tired; bored
D. tiring; boring
2. On getting to the kindergarten, the mother was glad to see her baby well _________.
A. looked for
B. cared for
C. take care of
D. cared after
3. The two old sisters, _________ so long, held each other and burst into tears.
A. being separated
B. having been separated
C. having separated
D. had been separated
4. Let’s have a rest. The _______ work made me very ________.
A. tired; tired
B. tiring; tiring
C. tired; tiring
D. tiring; tired
5. Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone _________ to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.
A. adding
B. to have added
C. to add
D. added
6. As we all know, newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keep us ______ about what is happening in the world.
A. informing
B. to inform
C. informed
D. being informed
7. Everyone was ________ by his _______ progress which he made during the two months.
A. surprised; surprise
B. surprised; surprised
C. surprised; surprising
D. surprising; surprising
8. When he turned around, he found a pair of eyes _________ him.
A. looking
B. watch at
C. fixing on
D. staring at
9. The film you saw last light was made _________ on a true story that happened many years ago.
A. base
B. to be based
C. based
D. basing
10. After _______ his work, the teacher came to help me with my English.
A. finished
B. being finished
C. having finished
D. be finishing
11. Follow the directions on the bottle carefully when __________the medicine.
A. you will take
B. taking
C. to take
D. taken
12. The students, ________ their teachers, came home.
A. followed
B. follow
C. following
D. will follow
13. The long-lasting war, filled with blood and deaths, ended in people’s sadness, _______ no result.
A. reached
B. to reach
C. would reach
D. reaching
14. They spent the night _________ in the room.
A. having locked
B. locking
C. to be locked
D. locked
15. He wrote a letter to the king ___________.
A. hoping to be set free
B. to set him free
C. so that be set free
D. asked to be set free
16. Steven has devoted all his life to _______ films, and Kate, his wife, is also ________ to the duty of her profession.
A. make; devoted
B. making; devoting
C. making; devoted
D. make; devoting
17. ________ in the dark, his head hit against a tree.
A. Walking
B. He was walking
C. Walked
D. When he was walking
18. Time should be made good use ________ our lessons well.
A. of learning
B. to learn
C. to learning
D. of to learn
19. The film, ________ true story of this Red Army general, attracted people’s interest all over the country.
A. is based on
B. is on the base of
C. which is the base of
D. based upon
20. She returned home from the market only to find the door open and a number of things _______.
A. stole
B. missing
C. missed
D. losing
21. _________ it rains, we will stay at home.
A. Supposed
B. Supposing
C. To suppose
D. If suppose
22. _________ with yours, our library is _________ too small a size.
A. Comparing; in
B. Comparing; of
C. Compared; in
D. Compared; of
23. It’s dangerous to carry a hot pan with ________ oil.
A. burning
B. burnt
C. burn
D. burns
24. We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value.
A. dated
B. dating
C. coming
D. kept
25. The boy lay on his back, his teeth _______ and his glaring eyes _______ straight upwards.
A. set; looked
B. set; looking
C. setting; looked
D. setting; looking
26. ________ in the forest, he had to ask for help by sending out signals.
A. Having lost
B. Losing
C. Lost
D. He was lost
27. The Golden Gate Bridge, ________ several hundred years ago, is worldwide famous.
A. which is built
B. which built
C. having built
D. built
28. I suggested the cheat _________ into prison.
A. referred to being put
B. referred be put
C. referred should be put
D. referred to be put
29. ___________, I went out for a walk.
A. There was nothing to do
B. There being nothing to do
C. There had nothing to do
D. Had nothing to do
30. He returned home to learn that the girl ________ had been married the secretary village.
A. became engaged to him
B. was engaged to him
C. engaged to him before
D. got engaged to him
31. __________ at failing in the maths exam, John wouldn’t like to talk about it to his parents.
A. Disappointed
B. To be disappointed
C. Disappointing
D. Having disappointed
32. _________ in the dark cave, he was not afraid of being found by ________ enemy soldiers.
A. Hidden; armed
B. Hide; armed
C. hidden; arm
D. Hiding; armed
33. To have the wonderful cloth ________ new clothes, they had the machine ______ all day long.
A. made of; running
B. made of; run
C. made into; working
D. made into; work
34. The World Trade Organization finally opened its door to China on November 10, _______ our Chinese 15- year wait.
A. to end
B. ended
C. ending
D. ends
35. If _______ in wet sand, the vegetables can_______ fresh for a long time.
A. being buried; remain
B. buried; remain
C. buried; be remained
D. burying; remain
36. _________ over and over again, but he still couldn’t understand.
A. Having explained
B. having been explained
C. Explaining
D. It had been explained
37. Everything _________, the plan is fairly practical, you can put it into practice.
A. considering
B. taken into consideration
C. to consider
D. taking into consideration
38. ________ from the moon, our earth, with water _______ seventy percent of its surface, appears as a “ blue ball”.
A. Seen; covered
B. seeing; covering
C. Seen; covering
D. To see; to cover
39. A great big fellow, ________around 250 pounds, walked with slow heavy noisy footsteps up to the producer counter in the supermarket.
A. weighed
B. weighing
C. weighs
D. weighty
40. --- The plan ________ is of great importance to everybody.
--- I see. He is sure to finish it on time.
A. made
B. making
C. to be made
D. to make
41. From the dates________ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.
A. marking
B. marked
C. to be marked
D. having been marked
42. Hearing the good news, I felt a heavy load ________ my mind.
A. taking off
B. to be taken off
C. having taken off
D. taken off
43. The students were listening to the teacher, with their eyes ________.
A. widely open
B. wide opened
C. widely opened
D. wide open
44. The scientist came to the meeting with his wife ________ him.
A. being supported
B. supporting
C. supported
D. support
45. The noise of the machines _________ can be clearly heard in our classroom.
A. fixed
B. being fixed
C. to be fixed
D. having been fixed
46. After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute __________.
A. being settled
B. to be settled
C. had settled
D. as settled
47. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _________ on benches, chairs, or boxes.
A. having seated
B. seating
C. seated
D. seat
48. __________ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.
A. To look at
B. Looking at
C. Looked at
D. To be looked at
49. _________ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000.
A. To be judged the best
B. Having judged the best
C. Judged the best
D. Judging the best
50. The president promised to keep all the board members _________ of how the negotiations were going on.
A. inform
B. informing
C. be informed
D. informed 高考全真试题
51. ________ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.
A. To face
B. Having faced
C. Faced
D. Facing
52. When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians ________ jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly.
A. wearing
B. to wear
C. worn
D. having worn
53. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ______ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to form
B. form
C. forming
D. having formed
54. When first _________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced
55. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _________ at the meeting by my boss.
A. questioning
B. having questioned
C. questioned
D. to be questioned
56. ________ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait
B. Have waited
C. Having waited
D. To have waited
57. The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell
B. smelling
C. smelt
D. to be smelt
58. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party.
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded
D. having recorded
59. Having been attacked by terrorists, ___________.
A. doctors came to their rescue
B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken
D. warnings were given to tourists
60. ________ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend anther two days on the farm.
A. Attracting
B. Attracted
C. To be attracted
D. Having attracted
61. The old man, _________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his mother.
A. to work
B. working
C. to have worked
D. having worked
62. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.
A. knowing
B. known
C. being known
D. to be known
63. _________ the programme, they have to stay there for another two days.
A. Not completing
B. Not completed
C. Not having completed
D. Not completed
64. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ________.
A. worried
B. to worry
C. worrying
D. worry
65.He looked around and caught a man ________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put
B. to be putting
C. to put
D. putting
66. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to ________ before the party.
A. get changed
B. get change
C. get changing
D. get to change
67. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home,
__________.
A. exhausting
B. exhausted
C. being exhausted
D. having exhausted
68. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.
A. smoke
B. smoking
C. to smoke
D. smoked
69. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _______ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.
A. seizing; disappeared
B. seized; disappeared
C. seizing; disappearing
D. seized; disappearing
70. ________ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Given
71. Generally speaking, _______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
D. when to be taken
72. Friendship is like money: easier made than __________.
A. kept
B. to be kept
C. keeping
D. being kept
73. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited
B. inviting
C. being invited
D. having invited
74. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. seen
75. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun
76. ________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s health.
A. Exposed
B. Having exposed
C. Being exposed
D. After being exposed
77. The bell _______ the end of the period rang, _______our heated discussion.
A. indicating; interrupting
B. indicated; interrupting
C. indicating; interrupted
D. indicated; interrupted
78. Mr Reed made up his mind to devoted all he had to _______ some schools for poor children.
A. set up
B. setting up
C. have set up
D. having set up
79. __________ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A. Suffered
B. Suffering
C. Having suffered
D. Being suffered
80. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______ the next year.
A. carry out
B. carrying out
C. carried out
D. to carry out
81. _________ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being found
B. It was founded
C. Founded
D. Founding
82. The picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung
B. hanging
C. hangs
D. being hung
83. The _______ boy was last seen _______ near the East Lake.
A. missing; playing
B. missing; play
C. missed; played
D. missed; to play
84. ________ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
A. Given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Having given
85. European football is played in 80 countries, ________ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making
B. makes
C. made
D. to make
86. _________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing
B. Having lost
C. Lost
D. To lose
87. The lady said that she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _________.
A. 20 dollars remained
B. 20 dollars to remain
C. remained 20 dollars
D. remaining 20 dollars
88. _________ and happy, Tonny stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising
B. Surprised
C. Being surprised
D. To be surprising
89. A good story doesn’t ne cessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _________.
A. unsatisfied
B. unsatisfying
C. to be unsatisfying
D. being unsatisfied
90. Five people won the “ China’s Green Figure” award, a title _______ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.
A. being given
B. is given
C. given
D. was given
91. The first textbooks _________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.
A. having written
B. to be written
C. being written
D. written
92. The computer centre, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open
B. opening
C. having opened
D. opened
93. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes __________.
A. open
B. to be opened
C. to open
D. opening
94. The murderer was brought in with his hands _________ behind his back.
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
95._________ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given
B. to give
C. Giving
D. having given
96. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _______ by the hour.
A. pay
B. paying
C. paid
D. to pay
97. The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing
B. to be first played
C. first played
D. to be first playing
98. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat
B. seating
C. seated
D. to be seating
99. ________such heavy pollutions already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered
B. Suffering
C. To suffer
D. suffered 100. Sugar, when ________ with water, dissolves quickly.
A. mixed
B. mixing
C. mix
D. is mixed
一、过去分词作状语（考查较多）
①、弄清过去分此作状语的最基本特点，过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。
例如：Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!
导悟：written为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。
再如：Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
提醒：有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；stationed（驻扎）；lost/absorbed in （沉于）；born（出身于）；dressed in（穿着）；tired of（厌烦）。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.因沉迷于思考之中，所以他没有听到那个声音。
Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿意离开它。
②、明确过去分词作状语时的逻辑主语，过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。
例-1：____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6)
A. Believed
B.Believing
C.Believed
D.Being believed
本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。因此，应用现在分词，答案为B.
例-2：He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness. 导悟：分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
例-3：Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
导悟：given为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语I，即I被再给一小时。
例-4：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
导悟：seen为过去分词作状语，表“被看”，由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不是“我们”，因为“我们”应主动看城市。
提醒：如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构。
如：The signal given, the bus started.信号一发出，汽车就开动了。
导悟：the signal是given的逻辑主语，因此主句的主语the bus就不是given的逻辑主语。
③、过去分词作状语的由来，过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
例-1：Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. （表原因）因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。
导悟：caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词作原因状语，它来源于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain.
例-2：Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. （表时间）
入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。
例-3：Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.（表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句）和你哥哥相比，你应该更加努力学习英语。
例-4：Though warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.(=Though they had been warned….) （表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句）例-5：Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. （表方式或伴随情况）
我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。
特别提醒-1：状语从句改为过去分次有时还可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)＋过去分词”结构。
Once recovered, he threw himself to work and made every effort to do it well.
When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.
特别提醒-2：过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。
例如：When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时，他沉默不语。
特别提醒-3：确过去分词作状语的位置。
过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面常用逗号隔开：也可放在主句后面，前面用逗号与主句隔开。
如；He stood there silently , moved to tears.= Moved to tears, he stood there silently.
特别提醒-4：熟悉与高考链接情况，明确高考考查重点。
二、过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，表示主语的感受（感情）或心理状态，主语多为人。
Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。
He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。
His response to the question was quite disappointing. I felt disappointed at his response. 提醒：过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体，过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，被动语
态则表示被动的动作。
如：The road is covered with fallen leaves. （表状态）
The road is covered by the fallen leaves. (表动作)
特别提醒:过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别：
过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如：
Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶
The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。
They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。
At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.
看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。
英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。
三、过去分词作宾补
过去分词可以在allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge动词等后面作宾语补足语。能用作宾语补助语的过去分词一般都完成是及物动词，表示被动意义或已意义，有时两者兼而有之。作宾语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。
例-1：My elder brother had her wallet stolen on a train last week.
例-2：They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English. （用于使役动词）
例-3：We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.（用于感官动词）
例-3：After my encounter with her, I found myself greatly shaken.
例-4：You should keep her informed of what is going on here. （用于表状态的动词）
例-5：The teacher expected the students well prepared for the examination.
注意：在动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe, listen to, look at后既可用现在分词做补语,也可用不定式做补语。用现在分词表示动作正在进行,用不定式表示的动作的全过程已经完成。
如：*I saw Mr. White get off a bus.
*I saw Mr. White looking into the shop window.
*——Do you hear someone knocking at the door?
——Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.
特别提醒-1：动词have后所接的三种宾语补语。
▲主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。
have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去to, 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。如：The radio she had had repaired went wrong. 她请人修的收音机坏了。
▲表示“使完成某事”，可以是别人完成，也可以是自己参与完成。
We must get the work fulfilled by the end of this week.
▲主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。
Many people had their houses damaged in the serious typhoon（台风）.
He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。
特别提醒-2：当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。
如：One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。
They should be kept informed of the situation there. 应该让他们知道那儿的形势。
四、过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语时，相当于一个定语从句。单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系（现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)。
例-1：My parents are both retired teachers.
例-2：We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
例-3：As early as 1649 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must
be established in every town ____50 households or more.
A.having
B. to have
C.to have had
D.having had
导悟：答案为A。后面由现在分词做定语，而且town本身有50或以上人家，故town与分词间为主谓关系，应该用现在分词。
例-4：Most of the students invited to the garden party(=who were invited
to the garden party) came from our school.
例-5：The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。
特别提醒:过去分词和–ing分词作定语的区别：
过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语：
boiled water开水boiling water正沸腾的水
developed countries发展的国家developing countries发展中国家
fallen leaves落叶falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子
changed condition改变了的情况changing condition变化着的情况
由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。
五、高考链接：看一看高考是怎样考的？
1. _____ in the mountain for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.（05江苏卷）
A. Having lost
B. Lost
C. Being lost
D. Losing
2. ______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. （05湖南卷）
A. Dressed
B. To dress
C. Dressing
D. Having dressed
3. When _______ help, one often says“Thank you.”or“It’s kind of you.” （05福建卷）
A. offering
B. to offer
C. to be offered
D. offered
4．______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. （05上海卷）
A. Put
B. Putting
C. Having put
D. Being put
5．You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it_______ often enough. （05天津卷）
A. explaining
B. to explain
C. explain
D. explained
6．The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China. (05北京卷)
A. paying
B. paid
C. to be paid
D. being paid
7．The repairs cost a lot ,but it’s money well_______.（05湖北卷）
A．to spend B．spent C．being spent D．spending
8．The disc, digitally _______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (04上海卷)
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded
D. having recorded
9.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _______ at the meeting by my boss. （04全国卷III）
A. questioning
B. having questioned
C. questioned
D. to be questioned
10.Helen had to shout _______ above the sound of the music. （04全国卷II）
A. making herself hear
B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard
D. to make herself heard
■一、能力提高练习：
1.When the little child caught sight of the young woman _____ in white he started brawling immediately.
A. worn
B. wearing
C. dressed
D. putting on
2.The author gave a detailed description _______on his personal observation of nature．
A.based
B.to base
C.to be based
D. basing
3.______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed
B. Followed by
C. Being followed
D. having been followed by
4.These students are quick at learning．We’ll have them in new methods．
A.train
B.training
C.trained
D.to train
5. Most of the people _______ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited
D. inviting
6. ________ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Having given
7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _________ behind his back.
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
8. The computer center, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open
B. opening
C. having opened
D. opened
9. ________ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing
B. Having lost
C. Lost
D. To lose
10. The Olympic Games, _________ in 776BC, didn’t in clude women players until 1912.
A. first played
B. to be first played
C. first playing
D. to be first played
11. Don’t get _________ in the rain.
A. to be caught
B. catching
C. to catch
D. caught
12. I found a car _________ in a pool by the side of the road.
A. to be stuck
B. stuck
C. sticking
D. stick
13. ---By the way, when did you get your bedroom _______ ? ---Last week.
A. to paint
B. painted
C. painting
D. to be painted
14. Through the examination one of the boys in the class was found _______ by a(an)______ disease.
A. infecting; knowing
B. infected; unknown
C. to be infected; to be known
D. be infected; unknown
15. They found a ______ old woman _______ on the ground when the door was broken down.
A. dying, lying
B. dead, lied
C. death, laying
D. died, lain
16. On a _____ morning the little girl was found _______ at the corner of the street.
A. freezing, freezing
B. freezing, frozen
C. frozen, frozen
D. frozen, freezing
17. We're _________ to listen to her ________ voice. It's _________ to hear her sing.
A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure
B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure
C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure
D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure
18. When I came home last night, I saw my little kid _______ on bed, with his whole attention ______ upon the book about Harry Porrer.
A. lying; fixing
B. lay; fixed
C. sitting; to fix
D. seated; fixed
19. ______ from space, the earth, with water _______ seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.
A. Seen, covered
B. Seen, covering
C. Seeing, covering
D. Seeing, covered
20. An ________and _______ crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star.
A. excited; happy
B. exciting; happy
C. exciting; happily
D. excitedly; happily
keys: 1---5 C A B C A 6---10 A D D C A 11—15 D B D B A 16---20 B B B B A
■二、过去分词迁移应用精练（高考仿真训练）
1．People cannot but feel _____, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.
A. puzzled
B. delighted
C. puzzling
D. delighting
2．And there , almost _______ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.
A. having lost
B. losing
C. to be lost
D. lost
3. As the saying goes, friendship is like money: easier made than _______.
A. to be done
B. doing
C. to keep
D. kept
4. _______ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.
A. Being settled
B. Settled
C. Having settled
D. Settling
5. The girl is _______ to be a good dancer if she well trained in an art school.
A. gifted and promised
B. gifted and promising
C. gifting and promising
D. gift and promised
6.You see this kind of products _______, wherever you go in the city.
A. advertised
B. being advertising
C. advertising
D. having advertised
7. The traffic problem, which we are expecting _______ , should have attracted the local government’s attention.
A. seeing to solve
B. to see to solve
C. to see solved
D. seeing solving
8. _______ of danger in the street at night, she had to stay all night, with no one _______.
A. Though warned; to talk with
B. Having warned; talked about
C. Warned; to talk to
D. to warn; talking with
9. _______ , these letters were difficult for me to read.
A. To write in German
B. Written in the German language
C. Having been written with German
D. Being written in German
10.This noon my boss replied _______ the invitation ______ before he went home.
A. on; receiving
B. to; received
C. on; accepted
D. to; accepting
11._______ one of the leading poets in America today, Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of novels and plays.
A. Considering being
B. Considered
C. Having considered as
D. To consider
12.--- Are all the names of your class _______ here?
--- Yes, all _______ those who are absent.
A. listed; included
B. listing; includes
C. listed; including
D. being listed; being included
13.The power station keeps the villages _______ with electricity.
A. supplied
B. to supply
C. supplying
D. having supplied
14. The dog, ________, will be made a good watchdog.
A. to train properly
B. being trained properly
C. properly to train
D. trained properly
15．It was getting dark; I found a car _______ in a pool by the side of the road.
A. to be stuck
B. stuck
C. sticking
D. stick
16. The thief fell to the ground, his left foot _______ and blood _______ down from his mouth.
A. breaking; running
B. broken; running
C. breaking; run
D. broken; run
17. The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes _______ on the screen.
A. to fix
B. to be fixed
C. fixed
D. fixing
18. --- Did you get a dictionary?
--- No, I _____, but there were not any _____.
A. tried; to be left
B. had tried to; leaving
C. tried to; left
D. had tried; have left
19. When he came to, he found himself _____ on a chair, with his hands _____ back.
A. to sit; tying
B. sitting; tying
C. seating; tied
D. seated; tied
20. The joke told by Tom made us _____, so the teacher couldn’t make himself _____.
A. to laugh; hearing
B. laughing; heard
C. laughing; hear
D. laughed; heard
21. Seeing the soldiers well _____ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.
A. prepare
B. preparing
C. prepared
D. having prepared
22. Don’t worry. I’ll have it _____ and get someone _____ it to you tomorrow.
A. typed; send
B. to type; to send
C. type; send
D. typed; to send
23.Turning around, she found his eyes _______ upon her with an anger expression.
A. Fixing
B. fixed
C. to fix
D. were fixing
24.In recent years, a series of landmark buildings _______ by international architects have been set up in Shanghai.
A. to be designed
B. designed
C. designing
D. having designed
25．_____ as the "first lady of sp eech", Dr, Lillian Glass is recognized as one of the world’s leading experts on communication skills.
A. Knowing
B. Having known
C. Known
D. To be known
26．Only____ according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective.
A. taking
B. taken
C. being taken
D. having been taken
27. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _____.
A. being fully accepting
B. fully accepting
C. having fully accepted
D. fully accepted
28. Having passed all the tests, she felt a great weight _____ off her mind.
A. taking
B. taken
C. take
D. to be taken
29. The 18-storeyed building, when _____, will shut out the sun _____ up the rooms in my house.
A. completed; lighted
B. completing; lighting
C. completing; lighted
D. completed; lighting
30.With ______ leaves ______ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.
A. falling ; burying
B. fallen; buried
C. fallen; burying
D. falling; buried
迁移应用精练答案及简析：
1．答案：A.。be (feel, get) puzzled感到迷惑、为难。句意：人们不得不感到迷惑，因为他们简直不能理解，他怎么能犯这样愚蠢的错误。
2．答案：D。lost in结构（be lost in去be）作方式状语。
3. 答案：D。与上文并列用过去分词，如：It’s easier said than done.。
4. 答案：B。Settled作状语，表伴随。
5. 答案：B。本句用and连接并列成分，gifted作表语表示“聪慧的”，promise作并列谓语动词表示“有希望”。
6.答案：A。用过去分词表被动。
7. 答案：C。考查过去分词作宾补。从语境看本句的正常语序是：we are expecting to see the traffic problem solved，是see sth. done结构。
8. 答案：C。考查过去分词作状语。
9. 答案：B。过去分词表原因，现在分词的被动语态强调动作正在进行（还原为从句后是进行时态），不合题意。
10. 答案：B。reply to sth.表示“对……作出答复”，第二空用过去分词作定语。
11.答案：B。本句表示他被认为是，要用过去分词，后接(to be)+n./adj.作补助语，即considered(to be) one of the poets。
12.答案：C。考查非谓语。第一空用list（列名单）的被动语态，第二空用including作介词表示“包括”。
13.答案：A。考查非谓语的正确使用。Keep sth. done表被动含义。
14. 答案：D。过去分词短语作条件状语，相当于if it is trained properly。watchdog看门狗。15．答案：B . 由短语be stuck in（陷入）可知此处应用过去分词作宾语补足语。
16. 答案：B . 考查独立主格结构。foot和break之间是被动关系，blood和run是主动关系。
17. 答案：C. 由固定结构fix one’s eyes on/upon...可知此处应用过去分词。
18. 答案：C。18. tried to后省去了get one。
19. 答案：D。由seat的用法(be seated)可知第一空应用seated作宾语补足语；with his hands tied back为with的复合结构在句中作伴随状语。
20. 答案：B。
21. 答案：C。由固定短语be (well) prepared for可知此处应用过去分词作宾补。
22.答案：D。此处为have sth. done结构和get sb. to do sth. 结构。
23.答案：B。
24.答案：B。过去分词作定语，表一个被动的，已经完成的动作，相当于定语从句。25．答案为C。该题考查过去分词在句中用作原因状语。根据句意及句子结构可知，句子的主语Dr, Lillian Glass实际上就是选项动词的主语，相当于As he is known as ...引导的原因状语从句，为被动结构，故选过去分词known。解答该题的关键在于根据句意，准确判断
选项动词在句中所作成分。
26．答案B。根据句意可知，选项动词的逻辑主语the medicine与动词take之间为被动关系，实际上相当于一个时间状语从句only when it is taken...结构，故应选taken在句中用作状语。解答该题的关键在于正确区分分词的用法。
27. 答案：D。before full accepted相当于before they are fully accepted。
28. 答案：B。feel后可接含有非谓语动词的复合结构。此处宾语与宾语补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。题意为“所有考试都通过后，她感觉如释重负。”
29. 答案：D。when completed=when it is completed；lighting up...在此相当于which lights up...。
30.答案：B。
■三、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.The _______situation of the chess game really ________ every member in the game-watching room.
(confuse)
2.________( determine) to train his son in English, he put an ad like this in the paper, “ _______(want) an English teacher for a twelve-year-old boy. ”
3.With his finger_______(point) to the ________(break) window, the teacher asked: “Who did that?”
4. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet _______(lie) on the ground on the way home , but unfortunately for me , I found my colour TV set _______(steal) when I got home .
5. Mrs White was glad to see the nurse ____ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased to see children well ____ care of in the nursery
6.Though _______(lack) money, he managed to have his own company _______ (start).
7.________(accuse) of taking bribes, he was sentenced to death.
8. She felt rather that she heard such a news. (delight)
9.Jack’s umbrella requires _______, but he didn’t get it soon enough at John’s, for John had a lot of umbrellas______ at the time. (repair)
10. _______ (remind) of the matter many times, Tom was still _________(puzzle) about it. 填空答案：
1.confusing; confused
2.Determined; Wanted
3.pointing; broken
4. lying ; stolen
5. looking ; taken
https://www.doczj.com/doc/9a9549118.html,cking; started
7.Accused
8.delighted; delighting
9. repairing; repaired, to repair
10.Reminded; puzzled
过去分词在句中不可以作谓语，它相当于形容词和副词，在句中可作表语、宾语、状语、补足语等。 过去分词作表语 Never touch an electric wire when it is broken He is gone You are mistaken 过去分词作定语 The child gave a cry and with outstretched arms ran forward 那孩子叫了一声，伸开双臂向前跑去 Her job was to take care of the wounded solder ? 用作宾语的过去分词多用于表示已完成的动作，但是有时它所表示的动作却尚未完成或有待于将来完成 The workers demand increased wages 工人们要求加薪 过去分词用作定语亦可放在其所修饰的名词后面，其常具有暂时性，其动词的性质较强。 He wants his eggs fired (尚未炸好的。Fried eggs 则译为炸好的鸡蛋带有永久性） He himself took all the letters written to the post 他亲自将写好的信付邮（written = that he had written , written letter 则译为书写的信，非打字的信件） 过去分词短语用作定语时，一般皆置于所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句 The ship battered by the storm crept into the harbour 被暴风雨击打的那只船慢慢的驶入港口 过去分词短语亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号 Some of them , born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train 他们中有些生长在农村，从为见过火车。 过去分词作这状语 过去分词从表面意义角度也可以用作状语表时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况。 Heated , the metal expand (表时间） Born and bred in the countryside,he was bewildered by the big city 他们生长在乡下，对这大城市感到迷惑（表原因) Mocked by everyone ,he had my sympathy(表让步）、 The lichens came borne by storms这地衣是由暴风雨带来的（表伴随） Seed catalogues are comprehensive , lavishly illustrated in colour 种子的目录册很全，用彩图表示的（表方式） 过去分词用作补语 用作宾语补语，其前的谓语动词多是感官动词和使役动词 He heard chain and bolts with drawn 他听见门上的链和栓被拉开了 She found the house renovated她发现房子已经修过了
1. __ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Los ing B. Havi ng lost C. Lost D. To lose be lost in ........................................ 2. If __ the same treatment again, he ? s sure to get well. A. Givi ng B. Give C. Give n D. being give n 3. ____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being foun ded B. It was foun ded C. Foun ded D. Founding It was founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. 4. ___ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest oceadoesn? t seem big at all. A. Compare B. Whe n compari ng C. Compari ng D.Whe n compared II. ................................................................ A-D ........................................................ impress; pour; speak(impress -.????]? ? ? 1. Once spoken, a word becomes a promise. 2. Once poured, water cannot be take n back aga in. 3. Impressed by the beautiful sce nery, I forgot to go back home in time. A. ............................ B. ........................... C. .............................................................. III. ..................................................................................... 1. Seen (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us. 2. Given (give) time, he ? 41 make a first class tennis player. 3. Looking (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground. IV. ....................................... 1. Used for a long time, the book looks old( use) 2. Using the book, I find it useful. (use) 3. Following (follow) the old man, we went upstairs. (follow) 4. Followed (follow) by the old man, we went upstairs. (follow) 5. Seen from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. (see ?
常见动词过去式过去分词的变化规则 动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 一、规则变化: 1. 一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked, work—worked 2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved, dance—danced 3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried, study—studied 4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结 尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped, permit—permitted 注：A. 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled；尾音节不重读时,双 不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。 去野餐),traffic—trafficked—trafficked （交易,在…通B. 特例:picnic—picnicked—picnicked( 行）另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记.(见后) C. 读音与说明: ①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped ①．-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed ①．-ed在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]: wanted, needed, admitted, permitted 二、不规则动词(Irregular Verbs)的过去式大体上归纳有以下记忆法： 1. 以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。如： put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat read—read must--must 2. 以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如: build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent 3. 以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如： mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt 4. 以ow / aw结尾的词，把ow / aw变成ew。如： blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew throw—threw（动词show除外，show—showed） 5.含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如： keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt sweep—swept 6. 含有元音字母o / i的词，将o / i变成a。如： come—came become—became sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank 7．以ought和aught结尾，且读音是〔:t〕的过去式。如： bring—brought，buy—bought，think—thought，catch—caught，teach—taught 8．把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如： drive—drove，ride—rode，write—wrote 9．动词原形中的e改为o，如：get—got，forget—forgot
过去分词的用法 一、构成：规则动词的过去分词是有动词原形+ed构成的，不规则动词则有各自构成。 二、基本特点：过去分词在句子中的基本用法有两点：1.与逻辑主语之间是被动关系 2.表示完成的动作 三、过去分词的用法： 1.作表语：过去分词作表语时，一般同时具备被动与完成的含义 例如：（1）The cup is broken.（2）He is retired. （3）After running,he is tired. 【注意】过去分词作表语时，已经变成形容词性质，主要表示主语的状态（被动完成）,而被动语态则表示动作. 例如：(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) （2）The cup is now broken. 茶杯碎了.(过去分词作表语,表示状态) 【注意】有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,表示“感到……” 用-ing 形式来修饰物，表示“令人……” 例如：The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 2.做定语 作定语用的过去分词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1）单一过去分词作定语,常置于其所修饰的名词之前，称作前置定语。 例如：We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2）过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,称作后置定语。 例如：The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3）过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. 例如：The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 4）用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的表情，面貌，举止行为以及感觉等，这时不能用v-ing形式例如：The boy looked up with a pleased expression. His satisfied look showed that he had passed this exam. 3.作状语 作状语的过去分词在句子中多表示被动和完成两重含义。 1）时间状语：A.当和谓语动词动作同时发生时，一般仅表示被动,可以用when从句代替。 例如：Faced with difficulties,we shouldn’t withdraw for any excuse. B.当表示动作发生在谓语动词之前时，通常既表被动又表完成，可用after从句代替，也可用现在分词的被动完成形式代替。 例如：Caught by the police,the thief lay on the ground,crying and shouting. 2）原因状语：过去分词所表示的动作多有被动和完成两重含义。 例如：Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好. Welcomed by all the students,we expressed own true thanks to them.被全体同学欢迎，我们表达真挚的感激【注意】有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦). 等，这种结构可以改写成一个because引导的主系表结构句子。 例如：Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音. Tired of the noise,he decided to move to the country.因厌倦了噪音，他决定搬到农村去。 Dressed in an orange dress,she looked more beautiful than before.穿上橘红色连衣裙，她看起来比以前更美3）条件状语：作条件状语时，一般只表被动含义。相当于if引导的条件状语从句。 例如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快. 4）伴随情况：表示伴随谓语动词发生的另外动作，位于主语之后，用逗号隔开，可以同时表示被动与完成， 例如：The mother ran across the street,followed by her little son. 5）结果状语：表示发生在谓语动词后的动作，位于主句后用都逗号分开，也可以同时表示被动与完成。 例如：He listened to the hero’s story,moved to tears. 【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语. 例如：When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.
过去分词作状语 一．过去分词作状语的基本用法： 过去分词作状语主要是说明谓语动作发生的背景或条件；表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。过去分词可置于主句前，也可置于主句后，用逗号与主句隔开。 1. 原因状语 Choked by the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe. 他被浓烟呛了，几乎不能呼吸了。 Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。Frightened by the n oise in the night, the girl didn’t dare to sleep in her room. 受到夜晚响声的惊吓，那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间。 2. 时间状语 Left to itself in the room, the baby began to cry.当被孤独地留在房间里时，婴儿哭了起来。 Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 当被问及这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。 Approached in the dark, the lights looked lonely and purposeless. 在黑暗中走近时。那些电灯显得孤单而无意义。 3. 条件状语 Seen in this aspect, the matter isn’t as serious as people generally suppose. 如果从这个角度看，问题并不像人们一般预料的那样`严重。 Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 Given better attention, the accident could have been avoided. 要是多加注意，那次事故就能避免了。 Watered more, these cabbages could have grown better. 如果多浇点水，这些大白菜还可以长的得更好。 Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 和你相比，我们还有很大的差距。 4. 方式或伴随状语 Surrounded by his students, the professor sat there cheerfully. 那位教授在学生的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那位老人在妻子的搀扶下,走进了房间。 5. 让步状语 Beaten by the police and sent to jail, Gandi created the principle of nonviolent resistance. 尽管受警察的殴打，被投入监狱，甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。Defeated again, he didn’t lose heart. 尽管再次被击败，但他没有灰心。
高中英语必修五Unit 3 语法学案 课前自主学习： 词汇复习：1. A tractor is a powerful motor v______ with large wheels and thick tires used for pulling farm machinery. 2. They wanted to build a new school but they couldn’t find a suitable l______ for it. 3. The story r______ me of an experience I once had. 4. Tom’s mother died two days p______ to his arrival. 5. The house is situated in very pleasant s______. 6. She was o______ about the future of the company but the rest were pessimistic. 7. The program gives students the o______ to learn more about global warming. 8. James can i______ his father’s speech perfectly. 9. An Act was passed giving the army e______ power in time of war. 10. CIA stands for Central Intelligence A______. 课堂讲解： I:动词-ed 分词形式作状语的基本用法: 动词-ed 分词形式可用作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随以及陪衬性动作等。这类状语可放在句子前面、后面、或句中，并可拓展为一个状语从句或并列分句。 1 表示时间，相当于一个________.有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。 1)Told that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly. =When ___ ___ ____that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly.(李蕾得知母亲生病了时，马上赶回了家。) 2)Seen from the moon, the earth looks green. =When____ _____ _____from the moon,the earth looks green.从月亮上看时，地球是绿色。 3)When he was asked what had happened, he lowered his head. =_________what had happened, he lowered his head. 2.表示原因，相当于一个____________.。 1)Greatly inspired by the teacher's words, he made up his mind to work at English even harder.=Because ______ ____ _____ ______ by the teacher's words, he made up his mind to work at English even harder。在老师的鼓励下，他决心更加努力地学习英语。 2)________ _______what he did, the teacher praised him in class. =AS_____ ____ _______ ______what he did, the teacher praised him in class.由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他.
“be +过去分词”能构成被动结构，其实在现代英语口语或非正式文体中还常用另一种被动结构“get + 过去分词”。和“be + 过去分词”一样，“get + 过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构，用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化。其用法及两者的区别从以下两个方面分述如下： 一、get被用来代替助动词be和过去分词连用，构成被动结构，表示某一事件或事故的发生，着重强调动作。 1．常见于以下两种情况： ①谈论某人或某物的客观遭遇，往往表示一种突然的、未曾料到的偶发事件或事故，如：Some glasses got broken when we were moving. 我们搬家的时候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。He got killed when he was crossing the road. 过马路时他被车撞死了。 ②谈论设法做到自己称心的事。当主语是人时，常可在get和过去分词之间插入一个反身代词，表示主语对动作的结果负有一定的责任，此时既含有被动意义，同时又含有主动意义，如： Our car gets cleaned about once every two months. 我们的车每两个月大约清洗一次。She got (herself) paid before she went on a holiday. 她在休假前（设法）领到了工资。 2．“get + 过去分词”与“be + 过去分词”在构成被动结构时的区别： ①前者多用于口语和非正式文体，而后者则可用于更多的场合。 ②前者侧重表示动作，而后者既可表动作又可表状态，有时有歧义，如： The chair got broken yesterday. 昨天这把椅子被弄坏了。（表动作） The chair was broken yesterday. 昨天这把椅子被弄坏了。（表动作）或??昨天这把椅子是坏的。（表状态） ③前者偶尔带表示动作执行者的by短语，而后者则有时带有时不带，如： My brother got hit by a stone. 我哥哥被一块石头击中了。 She got caught by the police. 她让警察给抓住了。 ④前者在表示强调，否定和疑问时需借助助动词do/does/did，而后者则不需，如： He didn’t get beaten yesterday evening. 他昨天晚上没挨打。 Did your letter get answered ? 你收到回信了吗？ ⑤前者有时既可表示被动意义，又可表示主动意义；后者则只表示单纯的被动意义，如： I got (myself) invited to lots of parties last holidays. 上次休假期间，我（设法）让人邀请参加了许多社交聚会。 I was invited to lots of parties last holidays. 上次休假期间，我应邀参加了许多社交聚会。 ⑥与助动词be相比，和get连用的过去分词仅限于少数，其中多数含有“不顺利；不愉快”之意，如： He got taught a lesson. 他被教训了一顿。 I got rained on as I was coming to work. 我来上班时遭到淋雨。 二、get作始动性连系动词，与多数都已形容词化了的过去分词连用，构成系表结构，表示状 的变化（即动作的结果），其中get表示一种状态向另一种状态过渡、变化的动作，其含义等于become； begin to be或come to be，如 1．常见于以下五种情况： ①表示使自己进入或变为某种状态，如： We don’t want any of you to get lost. 我们不想你们当中任何人迷路。
V-ed分词作状语和短语动词 一．V-ed分词作状语 及物动词的过去分词作状语，表示被动和完成的意义，功能上相当于一个表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步和方式等的状语从句，其逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致。 1. V-ed分词作时间状语（相当于时间状语从句） ①Born at the beginning of the century, he became president in the early 1940’s. 他出生于世纪之初，到了20世纪40年代初期成为了总统。 ②Seen from the hill, the village looks more beautiful.从山上看去，这个村庄更加漂亮了。可以转换为When it is seen from the hill, the village looks more beautiful. 2. V-ed分词作原因状语（相当于原因状语从句） ①Confused by the stones flying at them from all sides, the boys ran into the building. 孩子们被从四面八方朝他们飞来的石头弄糊涂了，于是他们跑进了那幢大楼里。可以转换为They were confused by the stones flying at them from all sides, so the boys ran into the building. ②Tired and hungry, the little girl sat at the wall corner. 又累又饿，小女孩坐到了墙角处。 ③Discouraged, she decided to leave the city of Beijing. 心灰意冷，她决定离开北京城。 3. V-ed分词作条件状语(相当于条件状语从句) ①Given more time and support, we could have done it better. 如果当时给我们更多的时间和支持，我们会做得更好。可以转换为If we were given more time and support, we could have done it better. ②Put into use as soon as possible, the hotline will do us a great favour. 如果被尽快地投入使用，这条热线将会给我们很大的帮助。 ③Watered once a week, the vegetables will grow better. 一周浇一次水，这些蔬菜会长得更好。 4. V-ed分词作让步状语(相当于although / though引导的让步状语从句) ①Attacked many times, the residents in London didn’t give in. 尽管被攻击了很多次，但伦敦居民并没有屈服。可以转换为Although they were attacked many times, the residents in London didn’t give in. ②Laughed at by other boys, he still continued to complete the task. 尽管遭到其他男孩的嘲笑，他仍然坚持完成了这项任务。 ③Tried again, the experiment still couldn’t give us a satisfying answer. 又尝试了一次，这个实验仍然不能给我们一个满意的结果。 5. V-ed分词作方式或伴随状语（相当于方式状语从句，当表示伴随时，相当于一个并列句） ①Followed by his wolf dog, the hunter walked slowly in the forest. 猎人在树林里慢慢行走，狼狗跟在后面。可以转换为The hunter walked slowly in the forest and his wolf dog Followed him. ②The hero sat there telling stories, surrounded by a lot of students. 英雄坐在那儿讲故事，许多孩子围着他。 6. V-ed分词作结果状语（相当于结果状语从句） ①He failed in the competition, blamed by his companions.
初中英语过去式过去分词归类大全 一、 AAA 型 原形过去式过去分词汉语意思 bet bet bet赌 cut cut cut切，割 cast cast cast抛 cost cost cost花费，值 hit hit hit打、撞、击 hurt hurt hurt使??伤痛 let let let让 put put put放 read read read读 set set set安排 bite bit bit/bitten叮、咬 quit quit/quitted quit/quitted放弃 rid rid/ridded rid/ridded免除 spit spat/spit spat/spit吐出 wet wet/wetted wet/wetted淋湿 二、 ABA 型 原形→过去式原形汉语意思 become became become成为 come came come来 run ran run跑 三、 ABC 型 1.i+1 辅+e过去式 i→o原形 +n give，hide 除外 drive drove driven驾驶 write wrote written写 ride rode ridden骑 1/3 rise rose risen升高 arise arose arisen出现 2.原形 ow→过去式→ ew原形→ own汉语意思 blow blew blown吹 grow grew grown生长 show showed shown展示 know knew known知道 throw threw thrown投掷 fly flew flown飞 3.原形 i→i→ a i→ u汉语意思 begin began begun开始 drink drank drunk喝 sing sang sung唱 swim swam swum游泳 ring rang rung打电话 spring sprang/sprung sprung跳跃 4.原形→原形 +(e)d原形 +(e)n汉语意思 saw sawed sawed/sawn锯 sew sewed sewed/sewn缝合 sow sowed sowed/sown种植 prove proved proved/proven证明 5.无规律过去式过去分词汉语意思 break broke broken打破 speak spoke spoken说 steal stole stolen偷 awake awoke awaked/woken醒来 choose chose chosen选择
英语中过去分词的用法 过去分词的用法讲解如下： 过去分词的用法在英语语法中很是普遍。那么，如何正确的使用过去分词呢?我们来看看过去分词的用法解析，只有了解了过去分词的用法，才能正确的运用和使用它。 一、基本概念 1. 分词的定义 1.动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。 2. 过去分词的语法作用： 过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词（相当于被动语），在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1) 过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如：Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的（它是被打坏的）。He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2) 过去分词做定语： 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。如： The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。（excited people 被激动了的人） We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。（被资质认证过的老师，或经过资质认证的老师。）
过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如： Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗? The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如： The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。 The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。 3) 过去分词做状语： 过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 ①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。如： Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。 Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. 入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。 ②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如： Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other. 激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了，停止了争吵。 Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
分词作状语用法就是所有分词用法中最重要的,也就是最难掌握的。 分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子的主语。 一、现在分词作状语 一、现在分词作状语,表主动、进行,相当于一个状语从句,根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life、 Being ill, she can't go to work today、 The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping、 1、He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information、 A、hoped B、hoping C、to hope D、hope 2、Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods、 A、seizing; disappeared B、seized; disappeared C、seizing; disappearing D、seized; disappearing 二、现在分词的时态语态 1、现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成,其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如:The students standing there are from Class Three、 The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October、 2、现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成,其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如:Having finished all the work, they had a good rest、 Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down、 Given more time, we will finish the work in time、 3、现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”,被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”,其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如:Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying、 Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity、 1、_______ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes、 A、Suffered B、Suffering C、Having suffered D、Being suffered 2、Finding her car stolen, _______、 A、a policeman was asked to help B、the area was searched thoroughly C、it was looked for everywhere D、she hurried to a policeman for help 二、过去分词作状语 过去分词只有一种形式,即done,表被动。 The mother came in, followed by her son、 When heated,water will be turned into steam、 Deeply moved by the film, we all cried、 Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling、 1._____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city、 A、To see B、Seen C、Seeing D、See 2、_____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated、 A、being founded B、Founded C、It was founded D、Founding 三、过去分词与V-ing作状语的区别 1、分词在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须就是句子的主语。