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人教版高中英语必修5 unit1 过去分词作表语和定语概念引入今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。
先看下面这些句子：1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(inspired过去分词作表语；exposed过去分词作定语)2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(terrified过去分词作定语)3. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.(interested 过去分词作表语)4. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.(affected过去分词作定语)5. He was determined to find out why. （determined过去分词作表语）6. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.(polluted过去分词作定语)上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词，句1（inspired）、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语；而句1（exposed）、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词，作定语。
那么过去分词是什么？有什么作用？我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。
语法讲解英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。
过去分词作定语和表语过去分词具有的性质，同时兼有形容词或副词的性质，在句中可以作、、状语和补足语。
定语——在句中修饰词或词的成分。
表语——是谓语的一部分，位于系动词之后，说明主语身份、特征或状态。
1. a retired teacher （）一位退休的教师2. an honored guest （）一位受尊敬的客人3. The library is now closed. （）图书馆现在关门了。
4. You seem frightened. （）你看样子受了惊吓。
一、过去分词作定语修饰名词或代词1、单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面.1.The encouraged people are excited.2. The broken cup is thrown away.3. I want to write stories about people addicted to drugs.4. We are studying in a school built 70 years ago.2、有些过去分词作前置定语和后置定语时意义不同。
in the given time （）with the words given（）a concerned look （）the people concerned（）a wanted person （）workers wanted （）3、过去分词修饰something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。
He is one of those invited.Nothing reported (in the newspaper) interested him.使用过去分词作定语要注意：(1)及物动词（vt.）的过去分词，既表示被动意思又表示动作的完成；不及物动词（vi.）的过去分词只表示动作的完成。
§语法归纳过去分词作表语和定语1.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语与所修饰词之间存在两种意义关系：一是及物动词表被动意义（或已完成的被动动作）；二是不及物动词表示完成意义。
an organized trip有组织的旅行(被动)The question discussed was very important.被讨论的问题非常重要。
(即表被动又表完成)boiled water开水(完成)fallen leaves落叶(完成)(1)单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，有时也放在被修饰的名词之后。
My friend is a returned student.我的朋友是个归国的留学生。
The excited people rushed into the hall.激动的人们冲进大厅。
There is no time left.没有多少时间了。
(2)过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，作用相当于一个定语从句。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。
Is there anything planned for tonight?＝Is there anything that has been planned for tonight?今晚安排了什么活动没有？The book, written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.＝The book, which was written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.这本书是1957年写的，讲的是关于矿工斗争的故事。
2.过去分词作表语过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态（用作表语的过去分词大多已形容词化）。
过去分词作定语和表语过去分词具有的性质，同时兼有形容词或副词的性质，在句中可以作、、状语和补足语。
定语——在句中修饰词或词的成分。
表语——是谓语的一部分，位于系动词之后，说明主语身份、特征或状态。
1. a retired teacher （）一位退休的教师2. an honored guest （）一位受尊敬的客人3. The library is now closed. （）图书馆现在关门了。
4. You seem frightened. （）你看样子受了惊吓。
一、过去分词作定语修饰名词或代词1、单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面.encouraged people are excited.2. The broken cup is thrown away.3. I want to write stories about people addicted to drugs.4. We are studying in a school built 70 years ago.2、有些过去分词作前置定语和后置定语时意义不同。
in the given time （）with the words given（）a concerned look （）the people concerned（）a wanted person （）workers wanted （）3、过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。
He is one of those invited.Nothing reported (in the newspaper) interested him.使用过去分词作定语要注意：(1)及物动词（vt.）的过去分词，既表示被动意思又表示动作的完成；不及物动词（vi.）的过去分词只表示动作的完成。
人教版高中英语必修5unit1知识讲解过去分词作表语和定语人教版高中英语必修5 unit1 过去分词作表语和定语概念引入今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。
先看下面这些句子：1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(inspired过去分词作表语；exposed过去分词作定语)2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(terrified过去分词作定语)3. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.(interested 过去分词作表语)4. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.(affected过去分词作定语)5. He was determined to find out why. （determined过去分词作表语）6. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.(polluted过去分词作定语)上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词，句1（inspired）、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语；而句1（exposed）、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词，作定语。
那么过去分词是什么？有什么作用？我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。
必修5 Unit1 Great scientistsPart 1. Warming up1.explain及物动词（vt.）解释;说明;阐明[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)]He explained that he had been cheated. 他解释说他是上当受骗了。
Can you explain how the machine operates?你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗?Please explain this rule to me.请给我讲解一下这条规则。
不及物动词（vi.）解释;说明;辩解I've got to explain about it. 我得解释一下此事。
2.characteristicn. 特征；特性Kindness is one of his characteristics.adj. 独特的I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh.be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.....的特性Such bluntness is characteristic of hin. 如此迟钝是他的特性。
3. Who put forward a theory about black holes?put forward 提出（建议等）；提名;提前，把时钟往前拨He put forward a new plan. 他提出一个新计划。
May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee?我能否提名你当委员会主席？[归纳拓展]put down 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期put up 建造；举起；张贴put on 穿上put away 收好选词填空（put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out）①The plan that you _____ at the meeting is wonderful.②Many tall buildings were _____ along the road.③Firefighters have been called to _____ the fire in the city center.④He has a little money to _____ for a rainy day.⑤Don’t _____ until tomorrow what can be done today.Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific researchhow to prove a new idea 为“疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
必修五U n i t1过去分词作定语和表语过去分词作定语和表语过去分词具有的性质，同时兼有形容词或副词的性质，在句中可以作、、状语和补足语。
定语——在句中修饰词或词的成分。
表语——是谓语的一部分，位于系动词之后，说明主语身份、特征或状态。
1. a retired teacher （）一位退休的教师2. an honored guest （）一位受尊敬的客人3. The library is now closed. （）图书馆现在关门了。
4. You seem frightened. （）你看样子受了惊吓。
一、过去分词作定语修饰名词或代词1、单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面.1.The encouraged people are excited.2. The broken cup is thrown away.3. I want to write stories about people addicted to drugs.4. We are studying in a school built 70 years ago.2、有些过去分词作前置定语和后置定语时意义不同。
in the given time （）with the words given（）a concerned look （）the people concerned（）a wanted person （）workers wanted （）3、过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody,nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。
He is one of those invited.Nothing reported (in the newspaper) interested him.使用过去分词作定语要注意：(1)及物动词（vt.）的过去分词，既表示被动意思又表示动作的完成；不及物动词（vi.）的过去分词只表示动作的完成。
the fallen leaves （）the gone days （）(2)单个或并列的过去分词做定语，放在它所修饰的词前面；但有时为了强调动作，也可以放在名词后面。
过去分词短语作定语，放在它所修饰的词后面。
A broken cup is lying on the floor.Soon our respected and beloved leaders entered the hall.What is the language spoken in Japan？The meeting held yesterday was very important.(3)过去分词修饰something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody,nobody，those 等不定代词时，要放在这些词后面。
He is one of those invited.Nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested him.注意：一般来讲，和分词作表语时一样，及物动词的现在分词修饰事物，过去分词修饰人。
如：When they heard the exciting news, they got excited. Then the excitedpeople shouted and cheered.(4)何时用过去分词作定语？因为过去分词只有一种形式，而它又包含完成和被动意味，因此要符合下列条件：①过去分词表示的动作是在谓语动作表示的动作之前发生。
如：This is a picture painted by my father.= This is a picture that was painted by my father.（分词painted所表示的动作发生在谓语is之前）The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.= The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.（分词mailed表示的动作发生在 reach之前）②分词表示的动作是没有一定时间性的。
如：Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.进口的商品并不一定比国产的好。
Is it a letter written in pencil? 这是用铅笔写的信吗？二、过去分词作表语1、表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。
许多动词的过去分词已经被当作使用。
如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。
The window is broken.Don’t get so excited.2、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：（１）作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的和，此时相当于一个。
The glass is broken.Our classroom is crowded（２）被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句子主语为动作的，后常跟短语。
The glass was broken by Jack.The windows were closed by Tom last night.（3）作表语的过去分词前可以有修饰语，而被动语态的过去分词前不能加修饰语。
The glass was broken by Tom.Your composition is well written.现在分词与过去分词区别1.语态上：现在分词: 表示的动作过去分词: 表示的动作I heard someone opening the door .I heard the door opened .2.时间上：现在分词: 表示正在的动作过去分词: 表示的意思the falling leaves （）the fallen leaves （）boiling water （）boiled water （）the rising sun （）the risen sun （）3. 现在分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的特征、特性。
常翻译为：令人…过去分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的心理感受或状态。
常翻译为：感到…a moving film （）a moved audience （）The news is exciting.We were excited to hear it.习题巩固（1）From his ____ look on his face, the price of meat must have risen.A. disappointedB. disappointing(2) He hung up the phone with a ____ smile on his face.A. satisfiedB. satisfying(3) She expressed the story in a __ voice so that we enjoyed it.A. pleasingB. pleasedC. pleasant(4) Judging from her ____ face, she must be in trouble.A. puzzledB. puzzling(5) The ____ parents are not ____ with their ____ son.A. disappointingB. disappointedC. satisfiedD. satisfactory过去分词作表语，一般跟在be，get，become，look，sound，feel，keep，remain，grow，seem，appear等系动词后面；一般表示被动或主语所处的状态。
含有“感到…”的意思，主语多数情况下是人。
作表语用的过去分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种情感或情绪的动词变化而来的。
常见的有以下：interested，moved，discouraged，amused，astonished，frighten，excited，inspired，pleased，satisfied，tired，worried，completed，delighted，hurt，married，crowded。
例如：①-- How did the audience receive the new play?-- They got very excited.②-- How did Bob do in the exams this time ?-- Well, his father seems pleased with his results.作表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词的区别：这两种不同语法功能的句子在形式上是一样的，都是有“系动词be + 过去分词”构成的，有时候容易混淆。
区别如下：①被动态表示主语的动作；而作表语的分词表示主语所处的状态。
如：The blackboard was broken ( has been broken ) by Li Ming.The blackboard is broken.②从时态上来区分。
系表结构只用于一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时和过去完成时；而被动语态除了不能用于完成进行时和将来进行时外，可用于其他时态。
③从时态的一致性来区分。
被动语态的时态要求与相应的主动语态一致；系表结构不需要一致。
如：The blackboard was broken by Li Ming.（）Li Ming broke the blackboard.（）The blackboard is broken. ( )（表示状态则可用现在时，表示目前的状态，不必考虑其时态要与相应的主语语态一致。
我们可以理解为黑板以前被李明打碎，现在它是碎的。
）注意：有相应的形容词能说明状态时，则不用分词，而用形容词。
如：The window is opened. The door is locked. ( )The window is open. The door is locked. ( )④be + 不及物动词的过去分词，一般是系表结构，而不是被动语态。
常用来作表语的不及物动词有：gone，come，fallen，known，arrived，educated，risen，learned，returned，excited，retired，astonished，mistaken，interested等。
