必修五Unit1-3语法：过去分词的用法

closed The boy sleeps with the door________. (close) closing I saw the boy _______ the door. (close)
宾语the boy, 与close主谓关系，宾补用现在分词。
宾语the door，与close构成动宾关系，用过去分词做宾补。
1. 分词做定语
closing The boy _________ the door is my brother.( close)
被修饰词the boy, 与close构成主谓关系，用现在分词。 I like the book ________ in English. (write) written 被修饰词the book, 与write构成动宾关系，用过去分词。 2. 分词做宾语补足语
4.作状语（说明事情发生的时间、 地点、条件、原因、方式、伴随动 作等情况）
1.过去分词作定语
• Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. • If I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby. • the fallen leaves 落下的叶子 =the leaves that have fallen. • the completed building 竣工的楼房 =the building that was completed.
Usage:
1.作定语（在名词或代词前后，一般 情况下，单个在前，短语在后）
过 去 分 词
2.作表语（在be或联系动词之后，如 become; get; go; seem; remain; keep; look; feel; sound等） 3.作宾补（主+谓+宾+宾补，补充说 明宾语的性质或所处的状态）
Consolidation
1. What’s the language _______ in New Zealand? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 2. The car _______ in Germany in the 1960s looks old. A. produced B. producing C. to produce D. which produced 3. You’d better have your sports jacket _____. It’s dirty. A. to wash B. washed C. washing D. wash 4. Yesterday I heard a story _______ by my friend. A. told B. telling C. to tell D. tell 5. Generally speaking, when _____according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. taking B. taken C. to take D. to be taken
6. The first textbooks __ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having been written B. to be written C. being written D. written 7. Is this the watch you wish _____? A. to have repaired B. to repair it C. to have it repaired D. will be repaired 8. _____ many times, but he still couldn't understand it. A. Having been told B. Though he had been told C. He was told D. Having told 9. As is known to us all, traveling is _____, but we often feel _____ when we are back from travels. A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired
3. 分词做状语 ________ in English, the book is well-received Written throughout the world. (write) 主语the book, 与write构成动宾关系, 用过去分词做状语 enjoying He walked in the forest _________ the beautiful scenery along. (enjoy) 主语he, 与enjoy 构成主谓关系，用现在分词做状语
• 分词作状语时,无论主动还是被动形式,分词动作的逻 辑主语和主句的主语应该保持一致
• 当v-ing形式作状语时，要考虑时态与语态若它所表 示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，需用having done, 如果表被动则用having been done
EXERCISES
1.I like reading the novels ________(write ) by Zhang Ailing. written writing 2. The girl ________(write) a letter in the study is my cousin. 3.There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it repaired _________(repair). 4.He spoke loudly in order to make himself ________(hear). heard crying 5. I found the little girl ________(cry) at the corner. painted 6. I want the doors of my new house _________(paint) white. surprised 7.There was a ___________ (surprise) look on his face. excited 8. He was ________ (excite) at the good news. moved 9. The story was so__________(move) that he was _______ moving (move) to tears. Following 10. ___________the old man, we went upstairs. (follow) Followed __________by the old man, we went upstairs.
单个分词作定语时，放在所修饰词之前；分词短语则放在之后。 多数情况下,及物动词的过去分词可以表示完成和被动含义；不 及物的过去分词则表示完成。过去分词作定语，可转换为相应 的含有被动语态的定语从句。
2.过去分词作ery much _____ in the job,but I’m not A sure whether he can manage it. A. interested B. interesting • 2.He seems quite delighted at the news. • 3.The glass is broken.(系表结构)
让步状语
方式状语
考点：分词的运用
现在分词V-ing表示主动和进行； 过去分词V-ed表示被动和完成；
做定语，判断它与被修饰词的关系， 主谓用 V-ing, 动宾用 V-ed. 做宾补，判断它与宾语的关系， 主谓用 V-ing, 动宾用 V-ed 做状语， 判断它与主语的关系， 主谓用 V-ing, 动宾用 V-ed.
过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态，有被动意味，相当 于一个形容词。常用来作表语的过去分词有：interested, excited, impressed, disappointed, bored, delighted, discouraged, drunk, amused, astonished, tired, surprised, pleased, satisfied, worried, married, frustrated, frightened, scared等.
Grammar and usage
过去分词用法小集合
Features:
Past Participle
1.只有一种形式(规则+ed;不规则要记)
过 去 分 词
2.表被动或完成，或两种意义兼有。 3.有动词（被动语态中使用）、形容 词和副词的性质，故可用作定语、 表语、补足语和状语。 4.要区别现在分词（V-ing)和 动词不定式（to do)的用法。
链接高考
1.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______the next year. （2000全国） A．carry out B．carrying out C．carried out D．to carry out 2. ________ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 3. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when___ at the meeting by my boss. （04全国IV） A. questioning B. have questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned 4. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You‘ve had it____ often enough. （05天津) A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained