考研翻译能力训练(11)

翻译考研英汉互译能力训练近年来，随着国际交流和合作的日益增多，人们对翻译能力的需求也越来越高。

对于考研生而言，英汉互译能力是他们备考中不可忽视的一环。

在这篇文章中，我们将探讨翻译考研英汉互译能力的训练方法和技巧。

首先，为了提升翻译能力，考生需要注重积累词汇。

词汇是翻译的基础，只有掌握了足够的词汇量，才能更好地理解并翻译出准确的意思。

建议考生利用词典、词汇书和语料库等工具，系统地扩充自己的词汇量。

其次，考生还需要培养自己的语感和语言表达能力。

语感是指对语言的敏感度和把握能力，而语言表达能力则决定了我们是否能准确地将一种语言表达转换为另一种语言表达。

为了培养语感和语言表达能力，考生可以多读多写，参加语言角，积极与英语母语人士进行交流等。

此外，了解文化差异也是翻译能力训练中的重要一环。

每个国家和地区的文化背景都不同，因此翻译时需要考虑到这些文化差异带来的影响。

考生在备考过程中，应该注重学习和了解英语和中文之间的文化差异，并且要能够灵活运用这些知识。

除了以上的方法和技巧，还有一些考生可能容易忽视的细节需要注意。

例如，翻译时要注意句子结构的转换和语法的准确性。

有时候，两种语言的句子结构并不相同，考生要学会理解原文的语法结构，并将其转换为合适的目标语言结构。

此外，还要注意使用恰当的短语和习惯用法，避免直译，使翻译更加自然和流畅。

最后，考生可以进行大量的练习来巩固所学知识和提高翻译功力。

练习可以包括翻译文章、句子、短语以及其他类型的文本，以此提升自己的翻译速度和准确性。

此外，还可以参加翻译比赛或与其他考生进行翻译对练，借助他人的批评和建议来提高自己的翻译水平。

综上所述，翻译考研英汉互译能力的训练需要注重词汇积累、语感培养、语言表达能力的提高以及对文化差异的了解。

此外，要注意细节的处理和大量的练习，以此全面提升自己的翻译水平。

希望以上的方法和技巧能够对考生们在备考中起到一定的帮助和借鉴作用。

祝愿所有的考生都能够取得优异的成绩！。

平时记录考勤，提醒学生缺课三分之一以上的不得参加期末考试（下学期末进行），成绩计算办法：平时20%，期末80%。

Unit 14. Translation process A. Comprehension of words:句子译文（P4-5）（1）人生历程就是从生到死。

(2)女孩放好了桌子。

但lay table”的真正含义是指在餐桌上摆好吃饭用的餐具.(3)他认为我够朋友/他认为我可交。

(4)她哭得很伤心。

不能译“她把眼睛哭出来”。

如to laugh one's head off"笑掉大牙”，to burst/split one's side with laughter“笑破肚子”；“tears well up in one's eyes”译为“泪汪汪”．(5)我们找了他，但一无所获。

“to no purpose”和“for no purpose不同，后者是“没有目的”，前者则是“毫无结果”，“一天所获”。

(6)但是他的重大发明还在后头呢（不能译：还要来）(7)你认为汤姆怎么样？他这个人一无可取。

（不能译：他一无所有）(8)他那个人小气劲儿简直没法说。

可不是吗！/没错。

(9) 哎哟! 人生如草芥.(10) 哪里想到俺和这些高贵的德伯维尔一直是同宗共祖呐。

(11) 谁来都行，由我来对付。

/兵来将挡，谁来我都不怕。

(12) 我死也不干。

（不能译：那怕这样能救我的命也不干）(13) 理论固然重要，实践更重要。

（注意不定代词要译实）(14)学英语，光学语法是不行的。

(15)“exaggerate”一词可以引出较广的含义，不能照字面理解为“被夸张了”，而应译为“他大发雷霞，未免小题大做”。

(16) 不能译为“我盼望遇到一个更老的人”(这样译不通顺)，应译为“我拜读过大作。

没有想到你这么年轻有为，(我原来以为你是一个老人呢)。

(17) 每次出差回来，这儿都叫我感到耳目一新，精神一爽。

考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译1. capable ['keipəbl]a. 有本领的，有能力的；(of)可以…的,能…的［真题例句］Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant. 参考译文：我们的精神健康哪儿也不会去，就像云后的太阳，可能暂时被遮住看不到了，但是完全能很快恢复。

（2016考研英语翻译）2. capacity [kə'pæsəti]n. 容量，容积，能量，能力；接受力【同义词】volume；capability；competence［真题例句］The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innatelanguage-acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar.参考译文：在这些寻找语言共性的努力中，最著名的是由Noam Chomsky倡导的。

他认为人类有一种与生倶来的能掌握通用语法的语言习得能力。

（2012考研英语翻译）3. cape[keip]n. 海角，岬；披肩，短披风4. capital ['kæpitəl]n. 首都，大写字母，资本a. 主要的，大写字母的［真题例句］The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic.参考译文：虽然前途光明，铁路产业整体收入依然不足，不能满足日益增长的运输所需投资的需求。

2010.07CollegeEnglishWe are living in one of those periods in human history which are marked by revolu -tionary changes in all of man ’s ideas and val -ues.It is a time when every one of us must look within himself to find what ideas,whatbeliefs,and what ideals each of us will liveby.And unless we find these ideals,and un -less we stand by them firmly,we have no pow -er to overcome the crisis in which we in our world find ourselves.1我们生活在人类历史上一个特殊时代，其标志是人的思想与价值观产生了根本性变化。

在这样的时代背景下，我们每个人必须在内心找到生活中应遵循的理念、信仰与理想。

除非找到这些理想并坚定不移地坚持下去，否则就无法克服我们在这个世界所面临的危机。

I believe in people,in sheer,unadulterat -ed humanity.I believe in listening to whatpeople have to say,in helping them to achieve the things which they want and the things which they need.Naturally,there are people who behave like beasts,who kill,who cheat,who lie and who destroy.But without a belief in man and a faith in his possibilities for the future,there can be no hope for the future,but only bitterness that the past has gone.I believe we must,each of us,make a philosophy bywhich we can live.There are people who make a philosophy out of believing in nothing.They say there is no truth,that goodness is simplycleverness in disguising your own selfishness.They say that life is simply the short gap in between an unpleasant birth and an inevitable death.There are others who say that man isborn into evil and sinfulness and that life is a process of purification through suffering and that death is the reward for having suffered.2我对人充满信心，我相信纯洁无暇的人性。

考研英语翻译集训模拟题（学生版）（1）Gandhi’s pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings.(1) Its motive was religious, but he claimed also for it that it was a definitive technique, a method, capable of producing desired political results. Gandh i’s attitude was not that of most Western pacifists. Satyagraha, (2) the method Gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved in South Africa, was a sort of non-violent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred. It entailed such things as civil disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of railway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like. Gandhi objected to “passive resistance” as a translation of Satyagraha: in Gujarati, it seems the word means “firmness in the truth”. (3) In his early days Gandhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the British side in the Boer War, and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914-1918. Even after he had completely abjured violence he was honest enough to see that in war it is usually necessary to take sides. Since his whole political life centred round a struggle for national independence, he could not and, (4) indeed, he did not take the sterile and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who wins. Nor did he, like most Western pacifists, specialize in avoiding awkward questions. In relation to the late war, one question that every pacifist had a clear obligation to answer was: “What about the Jews? Are you prepared to see them exterminated? If not, how do you propose to save them without resorting to war?” (5) I must say that I have never heard, from any Western pacifist, an honest answer to this question, though I have heard plenty of evasions, usually of the “you’re another” type. But it so happens that Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and that his answer is on record in Mr. Louis Fischer’s Gandhi and Stalin. According to Mr. Fischer, Gandhi’s view was that the German Jews ought to commit collective suicide, which “would have aroused the world and the people of Germany to Hitler’s violence.”篇章分析：本文是一篇介绍甘地的和平主义的文章。

翻译硕士英语翻译基础词语翻译专项强化真题试卷11(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.1．renaissance正确答案：文艺复兴2．international trade regime正确答案：国际贸易体制3．tax break正确答案：减税优惠4．reserve fund正确答案：储备基金；准备金5．dietary fiber正确答案：膳食纤维；食用纤维6．export of labor services正确答案：劳务输出7．Gini coefficient正确答案：基尼系数8．trade deficit正确答案：贸易赤字9．UNESCO正确答案：United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织10．vegetable oil正确答案：植物油11．miss the boat正确答案：坐失良机12．Air Force One正确答案：空军一号13．UNICEF正确答案：联合国儿童基金会(全称：United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund)14．IAEA正确答案：国际原子能机构(International Atomic Energy Agency)15．ASEAN正确答案：东南亚国家联盟(Association of South east Asian Nations)16．photosynthesis正确答案：光合作用17．skopos theory正确答案：目的论18．mass transit正确答案：公共交通19．default fine正确答案：违约罚金20．Hedge Fund正确答案：对冲基金21．All writing depends on the generosity of the reader.(Alberto Manguel)正确答案：所有的文字都离不开慷慨的读者。

考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编11(总分36,考试时间90分钟)2. Reading ComprehensionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.如何充分利用上大学的时间——1986年英译汉及详解It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to university without any clear idea of what they are going to do afterwards.【F1】If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities.【F2】If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit.【F3】Schools often have too restricting an atmosphere, with its time tables and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do.【F4】Most students would, I believe, profit by a year of such exploration of different academic studies, especially those "all rounders" with no particular interest.They should have longer time to decide in what subject they want to take their degrees, so that in later life, they do not look back and say, "I should like to have been an archaeologist. If I hadn"t taken a degree in Modern Languages, I shouldn"t have ended up as an interpreter, but it"s too late now. I couldn"t go back and begin all over again."【F5】There is, of course, another side to the question of how to make the best use of one"s time at university.【F6】This is the case of the student who excels in a particular branch of learning.【F7】He is immediately accepted by the University of his choice, and spends his three or four years becoming a specialist, emerging with a first-class Honour Degree and very little knowledge of what the rest of the world is all about.【F8】It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.Only in this way can we be sure that we are not to have, on the one hand, a band of specialists ignorant of anything outside of their own subject, and on the other hand, an ever increasing number of graduates qualified in subjects for which there is little or no demand in the working world.1. 【F1】2. 【F2】3. 【F3】4. 【F4】5. 【F5】6. 【F6】7. 【F7】8. 【F8】花园怎样反映人类的基本诉求——2013年英译汉及详解It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge;【F1】Yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a "still point of the turning world," to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot.【F2】A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one"s relation to one"s environment.【F3】The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn" t exist or was not discernible as such.In so doing they **posure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees,【F4】most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic.In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so **positions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world.【F5】It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word "garden" though in a"liberated" sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.9. 【F1】10. 【F2】11. 【F3】12. 【F4】13. 【F5】基于经济利己主义的环保制度不可取——2010年英译汉及详解One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the **munity have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the **munity, and if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these non-economic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it. We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.【F1】Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.The evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet,【F2】but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.【F3】Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physicallyweak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Here again, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid. It is only in recent years that we here the more honest argument that predators are members of **munity, and that no special interest has the right to exterminate them for the sake of benefit, real or fancied, to itself.Some species of tree have been "read out of the party" by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.【F4】In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the **mercial tree species are recognized as members of native **munity, to be preserved as such, within reason.Moreover some have been found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility. The interdependence of the forest and its constituent tree species, ground flora, and fauna is taken for granted.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.【F5】It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the **munity that **mercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.It assumes, falsely,I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.14. 【F1】15. 【F2】16. 【F3】17. 【F4】18. 【F5】。

第十一章书画艺术I 要点梳理《兰亭序》：中国晋代书圣王羲之在绍兴兰渚山下以文会友，写出“天下第一行书”《兰亭序》。

时任会稽内史的王羲之与友人谢安、孙绰等四十一人在会稽山阴的兰亭雅集，饮酒赋诗。

王羲之将这些诗赋辑成一集，并作序一篇，记述流觞曲水一事，并抒写由此而引发的内心感慨。

《兰亭序》全文28行、324字，通篇遒媚飘逸，字字精妙，点画犹如舞蹈，有如神人相助而成，被历代书界奉为极品。

《洛神赋图》：中国东晋绘画作品，作者顾恺之。

原作已佚，仅存宋代摹本。

该图以三国魏文学家曹植的《洛神赋》为依据，描绘了作者对洛水之神宓妃的爱慕以及神人殊隔、不能交接的惆怅。

《洛神赋》对传统绘画的发展有着深远的影响。

《蒙娜丽莎》：文艺复兴时代画家达·芬奇所绘的享有盛誉的肖像画杰作，它代表达·芬奇的最高艺术成就。

《蒙娜丽莎》成功地塑造了资本主义上升时期一位城市有产阶级的妇女形象。

画家力图使人物的丰富内心感情和美丽的外形达到巧妙的结合，从而使蒙娜丽莎的微笑具有一种神秘莫测的千古奇韵，被不少美术史家称为“神秘的微笑”。

《清明上河图》：中国十大传世名画之一，北宋风俗画，为北宋画家张择端仅见的存世精品，属国宝级文物，现藏于北京故宫博物院。

作品以长卷形式，采用散点透视构图法，生动记录了中国十二世纪北宋汴京的城市面貌和当时社会各阶层人民的生活状况，是汴京当年繁荣的见证，也是北宋城市经济情况的写照，具有很高的历史价值和艺术价值。

《清明上河图》不仅仅是一件伟大的现实主义绘画艺术珍品，同时也为我们提供了北宋大都市的商业、手工业、民俗、建筑、交通工具等详实形象的第一手资料，具有重要历史文献价值。

其丰富的思想内涵、独特的审美视角、现实主义的表现手法，都使其在中国乃至世界绘画史上被奉为经典之作。

《日出·印象》：法国印象派画家莫奈的画作。

《日出·印象》在艺术观点上，反对当时占正统地位的古典学院派，反对日益落入俗套、矫揉造作的浪漫主义绘画。

2021考研英语：翻译日常练习（11）考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由小编为你精心准备了“2021考研英语：翻译日常练习(11)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2021考研英语：翻译日常练习(11)Tylor defined culture as “…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”参考翻译：泰勒把文化定义为“…一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员获得的信仰，艺术、道德、法律，风俗以及其他能力和习惯。

”考核的知识点是：修饰宾语的定语从句的译法。

此句是一个含定语从句的复合句，其主干是“Tylor defined culture as that complex whole”。

宾语that complex whole后接一个which引导的定语从句，其中又有一个过去分词短语acquired by man as a member of society做定语，限定它前边的名词 belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits，译为“作为社会成员的人获得的……”，注意不要误以为它只修饰近的名词habits。

此外，因为修饰宾语的定语从句较长，翻译的时候应该另起一句。

词汇：define...as...意为“把……定义为”;complex 意为“复杂的，合成的，综合的，复合的”，whole做名词可译为“全部，整体，完全之体系”等，complex whole在句中指的是“文化”，且主要强调其包含内容的广泛性，因此可译为“复合整体”。