新增语法项目
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LiQuibase是一个用于数据库变更管理的开源工具,它能够跟踪、管理和应用数据库的变更,保证数据库变更的可追溯性和可重复性。
在LiQuibase中,update语法是非常重要的一部分,它用于对数据库进行更新操作,包括新增表、修改表结构、插入数据等。
LiQuibase中的update语法具有一定的特点和使用规则,下面就来详细介绍一下:一、update语法的基本结构update语法的基本结构包括标签、属性和内容三部分,其中标签用于标识该变更的类型,属性用于指定变更的具体信息,内容用于描述变更的具体操作。
二、update语法的常用标签1. createTable:用于创建表。
2. addColumn:用于向表中添加列。
3. dropColumn:用于删除表中的列。
4. renameColumn:用于重命名表中的列。
5. modifyColumn:用于修改表中列的属性。
6. insert:用于向表中插入数据。
7. update:用于更新表中的数据。
8. delete:用于删除表中的数据。
三、update语法的属性设置在使用update语法时,需要根据具体的变更类型设置相应的属性,例如创建表时需要设置表名、列名、数据类型、约束条件等属性。
四、update语法的使用示例下面通过一个简单的示例来演示update语法的使用:```xml<changeSet author="John" id="1"><createTable tableName="user"><column name="id" type="INT"><constr本人nts nullable="false" primaryKey="true"/></column><column name="name" type="VARCHAR(50)"><constr本人nts nullable="false"/></column><column name="age" type="INT"/></createTable></changeSet>```在这个示例中,我们使用了createTable标签来创建了一个名为user 的表,该表包括id、name和age三个列,其中id列为INT类型且设置了主键约束,name列为VARCHAR(50)类型且设置了非空约束,age列为INT类型且没有设置约束。
语法项目表一、名词1. 可数名词及其单复数2. 不可数名词7A Unit 6 Do you like bananas?能都正确使用表示食物的可数名词、不可数名词以及既可数又不可数的名词7B Unit 10 I’d like some noodles. 能分辨并能正确使用可数名词和不可数名词8A Unit 8 How do you make a bananamilk shake?能正确区分可数名词与不可数名词3. 专有名词4. 名词所有格7A Unit 8 When is your birthday? 能够正确使用名词所有格二、代词 1. 人称代词7A Starter Unit 1 Good morning! 感知I, you的用法7A Starter Unit 2 What’s this in English? 感知it的用法2. 物主代词形容词性物主代词7A Unit 1 My name’s Gina. 能正确使用下列形容词性物主代词:my,your, his, her名词性物主代词7A Unit 3 Is this your pencil? 能正确使用下列名词性物主代词:mine,yours, his, hers3. 反身代词8B Unit 1 What’s the matter?能正确使用反身代词4. 指示代词7A Starter Unit 2 What’s this in English? 感知this,that的用法7A Unit 2 This is my sister. 能够用this,that,these, those介绍人物关7A Unit 7 How much are these socks? 正确使用指示代词指代物体the/this/that/these/those+n.5. 不定代词7B Unit 10 I’d like some noodles? 正确使用不定代词some,any.8A Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 正确使用不定代词6. 疑问代词三、数词 1. 基数词7A Unit 1 My name’s Gina. 能够询问和告知电话号码精品文档7A Unit 7 How much are these socks? 使用how much引导的特殊疑问句询问价格8B Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain inthe world?能表达较大的数字2. 序数词7A Unit 8 When is your birthday? 能够表达自己或家人、朋友的生日以及近期活动安排四、介词和介词短语7A Unit 4 Where’s my schoolbag? 使用介词on, in, under描述物品所在位置7B Unit 8 Is there a posy office near here? 正确使用各种方位介词表述事物的地理位置:near, next to, in front of,between ...and, behind, across from, on五、连词7A Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball? 正确使用连词but8B Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to to yourparents?正确使用连词until, so that, although8B Unit5 What were you doing whenthe rainstorm came?能正确使用连词when和while8B Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains. 学会在叙述故事中运用as soon as, unless, so ...that等连词六、形容词(包括比较级和最高级) 7A Starter Unit 3 What color is it? 使用常见的表示颜色的形容词7A Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball? 使用形容词对事物发表基本看法7B Unit 5 Why do you like pandas? 正确使用表示性质和品质的形容词8A Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than mysister.能用-(i)er和more构成的形容词及副词的比较级;能用both和as...as结构表述两者之间的相同之处;能正确把握不规则变化的形容词和副精品文档词的比较等级8A Unit 7 Will people have robots? 正确使用more,less,fewer表示8B Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world? 能熟练掌握形容词和副词的比较级、最高级七、副词(包括比较级和最高级) 7B Unit 2 What time do you go to school? 掌握频度副词的基本用法8A Unit 2 How often do you exercise? 正确使用频度副词描述从事活动的频率8A Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater? 正确把握形容词和副词的最高级的构成8A Unit 8 How do you make a bananamilk shake?能正确使用表示序列的副词8B Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain inthe world?能熟练掌握形容词和副词的比较级、最高级八、冠词定冠词7A Starter Unit 3 What color is it? 感知定冠词the的用法不定冠词7A Starter Unit 2 What’s this in English? 感知不定冠词a/an的用法九、动词 1. 动词的基本形式2. 系动词7A Unit 1 Good morning! 感知am, are的用法7A Starter Unit 2 What’s this in English? 感知be动词is的用法7A Unit 1 My name’s Gina. 能正确使用be动词的一般现在时用法3. 及物动词和不及物动词4. 助动词5. 情态动词7B Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?正确使用情态动词can;正确使用情态动词can的一般疑问并作精品文档简略回答7B Unit 4 Don’t eat in class. 正确使用情态动词can表示许可;正确使用have to 和must谈论规章制度8A Unit 9 Can you come to my party? 能用can引导的句子表示邀请8A Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’llhave a great time.使用情态动词should提出建议8B Unit 1 What’s the matter?使用情态动词should提出建议8B Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the cityparks.使用情态动词could表达建议8B Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 使用could礼貌地提出要求;使用could征询许可8B Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to to your parents? 正确使用情态动词could,should表达建议或劝告6. 时态(1) 现在进行时7B Unit 6 I’’m watching TV. 正确使用现在进行时态陈述正在发生的事情并进行回答;能根据语境使用一般现在时态语现在进行时态表述现在7B Unit 7 It’s raining! 正确使用现在进行时态(2)一般现在时7A Unit 1 My name’s Gina. 能正确使用be动词的一般现在时用法7A Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball? 能正确使用have的一般现在时用法;能够准确使用一般疑问句询问物品所属关系并做简略回答7A Unit 6 Do you like bananas? 掌握动词like在一般现在时中的用法精品文档(3) 一般过去时7B Unit 11 How was your school trip? 正确使用be动词的一般过去时描述或询问过去的状态;能够使用实义动词的一般过去时描述或询问过去发生的事;能归纳规则动词过去式的变化规律并写出部分规则动词和不规则动词的过去式7B Unit 12 What did you do last weekend? 正确使用一般过去时态;能使用一般过去时态的特殊疑问句询问信息8A Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 正确使用常见规则动词和不规则动词的一般过去式形式(4) 一般将来时8A Unit 6 I’m ging to study computerscience.正确使用be going to结构表示将来8A Unit 7 Will people have robots? 正确使用一般将来时谈论未来的预测(5) 过去进行时8B Unit5 What were you doing whenthe rainstorm came? 能运用过去进行时结构进行提问和叙述(6) 现在完成时8B Unit 8 Have you ever read TreasureIsland yet? 能正确使用现在完成时表达已经发生的事情8B Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum? 能正确使用现在完成时表示是否去过某地;能正确使用现在完成时提问是否曾经做过某事;能正确使用现在完成时表示从未做过某事8B Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for a three 能正确使用现在完成时询问并表达持精品文档years. 续性动作或状态7.被动语态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时8. 非谓语动词(动词不定式做宾语、宾语补主语、目的状语)不定式8A Unit 5 Do you want to watch a gameshow?不定式作宾语8A Unit 6 I’m ging to study computerscience.使用want to be来谈论未来的理想8B Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the cityparks.能分辨动词不定式子句中作宾语、宾补和状语时的作用和意义,并能正确使用动词不定式9. 动词短语十、构词法 1. 前缀、后缀2. 转化3. 合成十一、句子种类 1. 陈述句(肯定句和否定句)7A Unit 6 Do you like bananas? 掌握动词like在一般现在时中的用法2. 疑问句一般疑问句7A Unit 3 Is this your pencil? 使用一般疑问句确认物主关系并做简略回答7A Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball? 能够准确使用一般疑问句询问物品所属关系并做简略回答特殊疑问句7A Starter Unit 2 What’s this in English? 运用what引导的特殊疑问句向他人确认物品的英文名称并做回答7A Starter Unit 3 What color is it? 运用what引导的特殊疑问句向他人询问物品的颜色并做回答精品文档7A Unit 1 My name’s Gina. 运用what引导的特殊疑问句询问对方姓名和电话号码7B Unit 1 C an you paly the guitar? 正确使用what引导的特殊疑问句询问某人的能力及加入的俱乐部7B Unit 2 What time do you go to school? 正确使用what time 和when引导的特殊疑问句7A Unit 2 This is my sister. 运用who引导的特殊疑问句询问第三方式谁7A Unit 4 Where’s my schoolbag? 运用where引导的特殊疑问句询问物品位置7A Unit 7 How much are these socks? 使用how much引导的特殊疑问句询问价格7A Unit 8 When is your birthday? 使用when和how引导的特殊疑问句询问生日或年龄7A Unit 8 When is your birthday? 使用when和how引导的特殊疑问句询问生日或年龄7A Unit 9 My favorite subject is science? 正确使用wh问句及回答7 B Unit 3 How do you get to school? 能熟练运用how,how long, how far引导的特殊疑问句询问出行方式、所花费时间和两地间距离7B Unit 5 Why do you like pandas? 正确使用why, what, where引导的特殊疑问句进行问答7B Unit 7 It’s raining. 用how引导的问句表达问候7B Unit 8 Is there a posy office near here? 正确使用where引导的特殊疑问句询问事物的具体位置7B Unit 10 I’d like some noodles. 正确使用what 引导的特俗疑问句询问精品文档食物的规格和种类7B Unit 12 What did you do last weekend? 能使用一般过去时态的特殊疑问句询问信息8A Unit 2 How often do you exercise? 正确使用how often 引导的特殊疑问句询问此事活动的频率8A Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake? 能熟练使用how much和how many 提问8B Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains. 能借助how, what, who, why等引导的特殊疑问句完成故事的叙述选择疑问句7B Unit 9 What does he look like? 正确使用选择疑问句询问人的外貌并进行简单回答3. 祈使句7B Unit 4 Don’t eat in class. 能使用否定祈使句陈述规章要求8A Unit 8 How do you make a bananamilk shake?能掌握并使用祈使句8B Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to to your parents?能使用why don’t you ...句型表达建议4. 感叹句十二、简单句的基本句型1. 主语+系动词+宾语2. 主语+不及物动词3. 主语+及物动词+宾语4. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补主语6. There be 句型7B Unit 8 Is there a posy office near here? 正确使用there be 句型询问或描述事物的位置十三、并列复合句第一条件句8A Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’llhave a great time. 您之前使用第一条件句谈论事情的结果精品文档十四、主从复合句 1. 宾语从句2. 状语从句3. 定语从句(能辨认出that,which,who 引导的限定性定语从句,并能理解句子意思)精品文档。
常用课程介绍:(一)小学生常用课程分布情况:(二)中学生常用课程分布情况:(三)分课程简介:➢剑桥少儿英语:●背景介绍剑桥少儿英语考试(CYLE)是剑桥大学考试委员会(UCLES)特别为测试7-12岁少儿的英语水平而设计的一套测试系统。
该考试分为三个级别,引进中国后,增加了预备级,分别为预备级(Pre-Starters)、一级(Starters), 二级(Movers)和三级(Flyers)(喻示着孩子们从刚刚起步starters到渐渐前进movers 直至最终起飞flyers来学习掌握和使用英语)。
一级到三级的教材的新增单词量分别在682、1150和666。
(一级到三级的单词量为累加过程,即学完剑桥少儿英语三级所掌握的词汇量为2500左右。
)本套考试在标准上和成人考试一样具有准确性、可靠性和真实性。
它们是建立在全世界儿童所熟悉的日常活动和语言环境的基础上的。
考试的设计连不熟悉考试的孩子也一样很容易理解。
因为最高的三级所对应的语言水平是成人的最低级别(KET),所以本考试提供了迈向更高级的剑桥考试的机会,与剑桥大学考试委员会英语5级水平测试相衔接。
●剑桥大学考试委员会设计的三级考试,从国际范围来讲,其学时和词汇掌握程度的要求分别为(欧洲标准):●考试分为笔试及口试两部分,笔试又分为听力与读写两部分,各级考试时间及内容如下:●家教中心推荐用书:我们除推荐使用目前市场上可以买到的剑桥系列教辅图书(剑少学生用书套装,外研社出版的针对每一级别的三套全真考试模拟题,西安交通大学出版社出版的全真模拟题六套,剑少天天练)外,还推荐使用巨人学校国际语言中心编纂的剑少考前辅导资料和课程讲义。
➢GESE●背景介绍:英语口语等级考试(Graded Examinations in Spoken English简称GESE由北京教育考试院与伦敦三一学院(伦敦三一学院是经英国政府批准、为英国文化委员会承认的考试机构,是英国英语口语考试和授予英语教师资格证书的主要机构之一)在京联合举办。
proguard maven 使用语法摘要:1.ProGuard 介绍2.Maven 介绍3.ProGuard 与Maven 的结合4.ProGuard 在Maven 项目中的使用语法5.总结正文:ProGuard 是一款功能强大的Java 程序混淆工具,可以有效地保护Java 代码的知识产权。
Maven 是Apache 组织开发的一款基于项目对象模型(POM)的项目管理工具,用于简化项目的构建过程。
本文将详细介绍如何在Maven 项目中使用ProGuard 进行代码混淆。
1.ProGuard 介绍ProGuard 是一款开源的Java 程序混淆工具,通过一系列的代码变换技术,使得源代码难以阅读和理解。
它支持多种Java 虚拟机(JVM)版本,并提供了丰富的配置选项,以满足不同项目的需求。
2.Maven 介绍Maven 是一个基于项目对象模型(POM)的项目管理工具,可以简化项目的构建、报告和文档过程。
Maven 使用约定优于配置的原则,通过预定义的构建生命周期,自动完成项目的编译、测试、打包和部署等任务。
3.ProGuard 与Maven 的结合在Maven 项目中使用ProGuard 进行代码混淆,需要通过Maven 的插件来实现。
具体来说,需要在项目的pom.xml 文件中添加ProGuard Maven 插件的配置,以便在构建过程中自动执行混淆操作。
4.ProGuard 在Maven 项目中的使用语法要在Maven 项目中使用ProGuard,需要遵循以下步骤:(1)在项目的pom.xml 文件中添加ProGuard 插件的依赖:```xml<build><plugins><plugin><groupId>com.github.wvengen</groupId><artifactId>proguard-maven-plugin</artifactId><version>3.1.0</version><executions><execution><goals><goal>proguard</goal></goals></execution></executions></plugin></plugins></build>```(2)在项目的根目录下创建一个名为“proguard.conf”的配置文件,并添加混淆规则。
九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教学大纲( 试用修订版)中华人民共和国教育部制订前言当今世界,以信息技术为主要标志的科技进步日新月异。
社会生活的信息化和经济活动的全球化使外语,特别是英语,日益成为我国对外开放和与各国交往的重要工具。
学习和掌握一门外语是对21世纪公民的基本要求之一。
义务教育阶段的英语课程应贯彻德、智、体全面发展的方针,面向现代化,面向世界,面向未来,以培养学生创新精神和实践能力为重点,全面推进素质教育。
通过英语课程对学生进行思想情感教育,使学生了解并尊重其他国家和民族的优秀文化传统,更好地理解并热爱中华民族的优秀文化传统;发展学生积极主动思维的能力,扩展他们的文化科学知识,丰富他们的文化生活经历,提高他们的思想品德修养,使他们能够适应我国社会、经济、科技发展和国际交往的需要。
英语课程应面向全体学生,力求为每个学生的充分发展创造条件,为学生的终身学习打下基础。
为指导全国义务教育全日制初级中学的英语教学,特制定本大纲。
本大纲是课程实施、教学评价和教材编写的主要依据。
一、教学目的义务教育阶段英语课程的目的是激发和培养学生的学习兴趣,帮助学生树立自信心,养成良好的学习习惯,发展自主学习的能力,形成有效的学习策略;使学生掌握一定的语言基本知识和基本技能,建立初步的语感,获得初步运用英语的能力,为真实交际打下基础;开发智力,培养观察、记忆、思维、想象和创造能力;了解文化差异,培养爱国主义精神,增强世界意识;使学生初步形成健全的人格,为学生的可持续发展打下良好的基础。
二、教学目标与要求义务教育结束时,学生应能从口头和书面材料中获取所需信息,能就熟悉的话题用英语与老师和同学进行简单的口笔头交流,能对事物进行简单的描述并作出自己的判断。
学生应对课内外英语活动具有积极的态度,能克服在英语学习中产生的畏惧心理和困难,能根据自己的情况,合理安排和计划自己的学习,在学习中发挥自主意识和创新精神。
学生应具有一定的跨文化交际的意识,对异国文化采取尊重和包容的态度。
三、语音项目表1.基本读音(1)26个字母读音(2)元音字母a, e, i (y), o, u 在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在单词中的基本读音(4)常见的元音字母组合在重读音节中的基本读音(5)常见的辅音字母组合在单词中的基本读音,如:th, sh, ch等(6)辅音连辍的读音如:black, class, flag, glass, plane, sleep, bright, cry, sky, small, speak, star, street, split, spring, screen, programme, quiet.(7)成节音的读音如:table, people, uncle, single, middle, little, parcel, basin, cousin, often, seven 2.重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音3.连读和失去爆破4.语调与节奏(1)语调(升调,降调)(2)节奏四、语法项目表1.名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格2.代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词(5)不定代词(6)疑问代词3.数词(1)基数词(2)序数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词6.形容词(比较级和最高级)7.副词(比较级和最高级)8.冠词9.动词(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词10.时态(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(3)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)现在完成时(7)过去完成时*(只要求理解,下同) (8)过去将来时*(9)现在完成进行时*11.被动语态12.非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的-ing形式* (3)动词的-ed形式* 13.句子种类(1)陈述句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)感叹句14.句子成分(1)主语(2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语15.简单句的基本句型16.并列复合句17.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句18. 构词法五、功能意念项目表1.社会交往(Social Communications)(1)问候(Greetings)(2)介绍(Introduction)(3)告别(Farewells )(4)感谢(Thanks )(5)道歉(Apologies)(6)邀请(Invitation)(7)请求允许(Asking for permission )(8)祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations) (9)提供帮助(Offering help)(10)接受或拒绝(acceptance and refusal)(11)约会(Making appointments )(12)打电话(Making telephone calls )(13)就餐(Having meals)(14)就医(Seeing the doctor)(15)购物(Shopping)(16)问路(Asking the way)(17)谈论天气(Talking about weather)(18)语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication) (19)提醒注意(Reminding)(20)警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition)(21)劝告(Advice)(22)建议(Suggestions)2.态度(Attitudes)(23)同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(24)喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(25)肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)(26)可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)(27)能够和不能够(Ability and inability)(28)偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29)意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(30)希望和愿望(Hope and wish)(31)表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(32)责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(33)冷淡(Indifference)(34)判断与评价(judgement and evaluation)3.情感(Emotions)(35)高兴(Happiness)(36)惊奇(Surprise)(37)忧虑(Worries)(38)安慰(Reassurance)(39)满意(Satisfaction)(40)遗憾(Regret)(41)同情(Sympathy)(42)恐惧(Fear)(43)愤怒(Anger)4.时间(Time)(44)时刻(Point of time)(45)时段(Duration)(46)频度(Frequency)(47)时序(Sequence)5.空间(Space)(48)位置(Position)(49)方向(Direction)(50)距离(Distance)6.存在(Existence)(51)存在与不存在(Existence and non-existence)7.特征(Features)(52)形状(Shape)(53)颜色(Colour)(54)材料(Material)(55)价格(Price)(56)规格(Size)(57)年龄(Age)8.计量(Measurement)(58)长度(Length)(59)宽度(Width)(60)高度(Height)(61)数量(Number)9.比较(Comparison)(62)同级比较(Equal comparison)(63)差别比较(Comparative and superlative)(64)相似和差别(Similarity and difference)10.逻辑关系(Logical relations)(65)原因和结果(Cause and effect )(66)目的(Purpose)11.职业(Occupation)(67)工作(Job)(68)单位(Employer)六、话题项目表1. 个人情况(Personal information)(1)Individual data (name, age, date of birth, place of birth, telephone number, address, postal code, e-mail address, ID number, etc. )(2)Family data (name, age, relationship, etc. )(3)School data (school, grade, class, teacher, etc. )(4)Data uses (filling out forms, etc. )(5)Jobs and career (office worker, worker, teacher, doctor, farmer, driver, official, etc. )2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends and people around)(1)Family and relatives (grandparents, parents, brother, sister, aunt, uncle, cousin, son, daughter, etc. )(2)Friends (close neighbour, schoolmate, classmate, roommate, team-mate, pen pals etc. )(3)Other people (neighbour, local shopkeeper, teacher, etc. )3. 周围的环境(Personal environments)(1)Kinds of homes (apartment, house, dormitory, etc. )(2)Rooms in homes (bedroom, kitchen, living room, bathroom, etc. )(3)Furniture & home items (table, chair, sofa, desk, bed, television, etc. )(4)School(classroom, playground, hall, computer room, office, etc. )(5)Others(grocery store, book shop, clothing store, market, bank, library, museum, cinema, theatre, park, road, etc. )4. 日常活动(Daily routines)(1)Getting ready (time for school/playing/bed)(2)Dressing, brushing teeth, washing hands and face, taking a shower, etc.(3)Eating(breakfast, lunch, snacks and dinner)(4)Daily chores (tidying, sweeping, doing dishes, cooking, etc.)(5)Homework(reading, writing, studying, making, drawing, etc. )(6)Family time(chatting, watching television, going out, visiting, etc. )5. 学校生活(School life)(1)School building (classroom, office, library, washroom, etc. )(2)School organization (grade, class, subject, break, schedule, etc. )(3)People (teacher, classmate, schoolmate, cleaner, etc. )(4)Subjects(Chinese, math, English, geography, history, etc. )(5)Activities(sports, trip, etc. )6. 兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)(1)Lessons(music, dance, acting, sport, etc. )(2)Games(computer games, sports, etc. )(3)Hobbies(collecting stamps, coins, dolls, etc. )(4)Reading(books, newspapers, etc. )(5)Cultural events(film, theatre, concert, opera, etc. )(6)Entertainment(singing and dancing, listening to radio, watching films/TV, playing CD, DVD, etc.)(7)Socializing(having parties, issuing invitations, going for picnics, going sightseeing, entertaining friends, etc. )7. 个人感情(Emotions)(1)Describing feelings(happy, sad, angry, upset, pleased, proud, lonely, worried, nervous, afraid, etc.)(2)Expressing emotions(smiling, laughing, crying, shouting, etc. )8. 人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)(1)People(parent, brother, sister, other family members, friend, neighbour, teacher, etc. )(2)Social behaviours (greeting, introducing, giving thanks, asking for permission, asking for help, solving problems, dealing with conflicts, etc. )(3)Getting together(making plans / arrangements, time, date, place, event, etc. )9. 计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)(1)Planning(holidays, social events, travel, further education, jobs, etc.)(2)Organising(asking for advice, asking for help, asking for permission, exploring possibilities, expressing needs and wants, etc. )10. 节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)(1)Festivals and holidays (Spring Festivals, New Year’s Day, Christmas, etc.)(2)Personal celebrations(birthday, anniversary, graduation, etc. )11. 购物(Shopping)(1)Planning(needs, wants, etc. )(2)Products(clothes, groceries, personal items, electronics, etc. )(3)Selecting(quality, weights, measures, size, colour, style, etc.)(4)Paying(price, quantity, etc. )12. 饮食(Food and drink)(1)Meats(beef, chicken, pork, fish, etc. )(2)Soups(chicken, vegetable, etc.)(3)Vegetables(cabbage, tomato, potato, etc.)(4)Staple food(rice, bread, noodles, cake)(5)Drinks(milk, water, juice, soft drink, coke, beer, etc.)(6)Fast foods(sandwiches, noodles, dumplings, hot dogs, hamburgers, chips, etc.)(7)Snacks(ice cream, chips, etc. )(8)Eating customs(ways of eating, kinds of food, times to eat, table manners, chopsticks, knife, fork, etc.)(9)Requesting or offering different foods and drinks(10)Likes and dislikes(favourite food, favourite drinks, etc.)(11)Ordering food and/or drinks13. 体育与健康(Sports and health)(1)Team games(football, basketball, volleyball, etc.)(2)Games of two or four(table tennis, tennis, golf, etc.)(3)Racing(running, swimming, horse racing, etc.)(4)International sports events(Olympic Games, World Cup, Football League, etc.)(5)Physical fitness and exercise(6)Eating habits(7)Personal hygiene(8)Illnesses(stomachache, headache, cold, etc.)(9)Medicine(10)Doctors, nurses & hospitals(11)Describing problems(parts of the body, pains, etc. )14. 天气(Weather)(1)Describing weather(sunny, cloudy, windy, rainy, hot, warm, cold, cool, etc. )(2)Dressing for the weather(coat, hat, umbrella, raincoat, etc. )15. 旅游和交通(Travel and transport)(1)Methods of transportation(walking, horse riding, taking buses, trains, boats, planes)(2)Travel (schedules, maps, tickets, etc.)(3)Getting and asking directions(left, right, straight ahead, north, south, east, west, etc. )(4)Safety rules and warnings(traffic lights, walk, stop, etc)(5)Inquiring and making reservations(hotels, tourist spots, etc,)(6)Describing a journey16. 语言学习(Language learning)(1)Differences between American English and British English(2)Language learning difficulties17. 自然(Nature)(1)Plants(green plants, trees, grass, vegetables, flowers. etc. )(2)Animals(farm animals, wild animals, endangered animals, pets, etc.)(3)Heavenly bodies(the sun, the earth, the moon and stars, etc.)(4)Describing land(cities, farms, hills, mountains, lakes, rivers, etc. )18. 世界和环境(The world and the environment)(1)Countries and maps(China, Great Britain, The United States of America, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Japan, Russia, India, etc. )(2)Pollution and population19. 科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modern technology)(1)Inventions(2)Computer science七、词汇表本表共收1600个单词和300条短语。
《对外汉语教材语法项目排序的原则及策略》篇一一、引言对外汉语教学是传播中华文化、促进国际交流的重要途径。
语法作为语言学习的基础,其教学顺序和项目排序对于学习者掌握语言至关重要。
本文将探讨对外汉语教材语法项目排序的原则及策略,旨在为对外汉语教材编写提供有益的参考。
二、语法项目排序的原则1. 循序渐进原则语法项目的排序应遵循由易到难、循序渐进的原则。
初学者应先掌握基础的语法知识,如词类、句型、基本语序等,随着学习的深入,再逐渐涉及复杂的语法结构。
2. 常用先学原则常用先学原则要求优先安排日常生活中常用、实用的语法项目。
这样有助于学生快速掌握语言交流的基本技能,提高学习动力和自信心。
3. 系统性原则语法项目的排序应具有一定的系统性,保证知识点的连贯性和完整性。
在编排教材时,应注重语法知识的内在联系,形成完整的知识体系。
4. 文化融合原则对外汉语教学不仅要教授语言知识,还要传播中华文化。
因此,在语法项目排序中,应考虑文化因素,将与文化相关的语法项目放在合适的位置,以便学生在学习语言的同时了解中国文化。
三、语法项目排序的策略1. 以学生为中心的策略以学生为中心的策略要求教材编写者充分了解学习者的需求、兴趣和认知特点,根据学习者的实际情况进行语法项目排序。
同时,应注重培养学生的语言运用能力,设置丰富多样的实践活动,让学生在实践中掌握语法知识。
2. 分阶段教学的策略分阶段教学的策略将学习过程划分为不同的阶段,每个阶段侧重不同的语法项目。
这样有助于学生逐步掌握语言知识,避免一次性灌输过多内容导致的学习压力过大。
3. 结合教材特色的策略教材编写者应根据教材的特点和教学目标,制定相应的语法项目排序策略。
例如,针对初级学习者,可重点安排基础语法项目;针对中高级学习者,可加大难度,涉及更多复杂的语法结构。
4. 交互式学习的策略交互式学习的策略强调师生、生生之间的互动与交流。
在语法项目排序中,应设置互动性强的教学活动,如角色扮演、小组讨论等,以激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学习效果。
新增语法项目: if 和when的从句 现在进行时用于将要发生的事 过去进行时 与本级语言功能相关的情态单词,如:must, have to, need to, might 用于表示目的的不定式化 ( to do„ )式
三一口语六级 考生记录考试全过程
来源:博客 2009-09-14 09:41:51 [标签:三一六级 三一口语 四六级]小学精华资讯 免费订阅 摘要:真好玩~昨天考试竟然在宾馆里!给大家描述一下吧:从外边进去(进屋),右手边
是卫生间。直走,有一张桌子,对面坐着考官,这边是考生(就是我)。桌子上放了一大块巧克力,还架着录音笔,话筒对着我。(挺想吃巧克
2个月通过三一口语考 100%英文授课,平均通过率88%,历年考试话题、答题方法精讲,2个月轻松通过三一口语……[详细]
新概念英语语法重要考点汇总(28个) 新概念背诵方法指导 | 新概念英语第一册语法汇总
三一口语6级考官问题回顾 | 三一口语4级考官问题
进入重点中学必学的英语课 | 一套教材对应四种考试
真好玩~昨天考试竟然在宾馆里!给大家描述一下吧:从外边进去(进屋),右手边是卫生间。直走,有一
张桌子,对面坐着考官,这边是考生(就是我)。桌子上放了一大块巧克力,还架着录音笔,话筒对着我。
(挺想吃巧克力的)然后,考官的后边是两张单人床„„(我的语言表述能力实在不好,请见谅)
自选话题:(Topic){我的自选话题是有关健康的}
考官根据Topic提问4个点,中间会穿插一些自然对话。
第一个问题:What food do you think that can make you clever?
第二个问题:What we should cut down to keep fit?
第三个问题:What we should eat more to keep fit?
第四个问题:How to get a good eating habit?
注:中间会加一些自然提问,例如:“我喜欢吃零食,你有没有什么建议”之类的。
第二部分:对话(conversation){有六个题目:旅游,金钱,时尚,规章制度,健康,购物}
我被问到的:
1.旅游 travel(用中文打出来,要不太费时间)
你喜欢旅游吗?
哪次旅行让你感受最深?
你在旅游过程中有没有出现过坏事?
2.规章制度 rules and regulations
1.你们班/学校有没有班规/校规?
2.你喜欢校服吗?
3.为什么要穿校服?
注:要加两次对考官的自然提问,语速要适中,不能有背诵嫌疑。
最后,祝其它考三一口语的同学取得好成绩!
Chinese Food and Western Fast Food (一) What my favorite food is Food is so important for people , because everyone have 3 meals in a day. The Chinese food has a long history of thousands years. It is famous in the world, because it's so delicious. But the western fast food is my best favorite, because it can save my time.
(二)The advantages of Chinese food We often use Chinese word "色香味俱全" for Chinese food. The Chinese food is so delicious. Roast duck is the most famous in the Chinese food. Not only do Chinese people like it, but also the foreiners like it. There is saying goes ,"If someone doesn't taste roast duck, he is not a true man." The Chinese food is also famous for its nutration, so it can keep us fit.
The other famous Chinese food includes 川菜、粤菜、鲁菜and others ,but I'm not familiar whith them. My dady likes 川菜very much because he lived in Sichuan when he was a child.
(三)The advantages of western fast food Although the Chinese food is delicious, it wastes much time. It takes me more than one hour for a meal. Western fast food can save much time. For children, they prefer western fast food such as Macdonald and KFC, because they can get many kinds of toys as present.
Many children have their birthday party in Macdonald and KFC. Look! This is a picture of my birthday party in Macdonald . They are singing and dancing . How happy are these children!
(四)My opinion of Chines food and western fast food Some people think western fast food is junk food. My grandma is one of these people . I'm a little angry about that. But maybe they are right, because there are few vegetables and nutrition in western fast food. In my opinion, we should make Chinese food and western fast food together, so we can enjoy delicious food with little time.
永和大王、好伦哥、吉野家are such examples. Sometimes ,I go to these restaurants for meal, but they don't have many presents for children. I wish these restaurants can do better than Macdonald and KFC.
六级 旅行 How many places have you ever been? Which place is the most impressive one? Have you ever been to some places out of Beijing? Which kind of city do you prefer to visit, modern or historic? What's your plan for traveling next time? 购物 How often do you go shopping? Do you usually go shopping with your mother or father? What do you like to buy? Do you prefer to buy something online or at department store? You are a primary school student. What do you think of fashion? 服饰 Should we go after fashion or not? Can we wear earring at school? If a student is not fashionable, other people don't like to make friends with him/her. What do you think of this fact?
钱币 Do you like saving money? Some parents always give much money to their children. What's your opinion on the subject?
Some primary school students hold mobile phone at school. What's your opinion on it?
Do you have red-envelope money in Spring Festival? How to spend your red-envelope money?
规章制度 What do you think about the rules in your class? Do you know some traffic reles? How to obey these rules? What rules do you need to obey when you're in a car? What do you think about the safety belt? 健康 How can you keep fit according to your own experience? What kinds of exercise do you think are the best for your health? Would you like to exercise outdoor?
三一口语六级 最新话题连连看 [复制链接]