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表面处理零件或构件在工作过程中，由于其表面的磨损、腐蚀和疲劳造成了十分惊人的经济损失，因而我们技术工作者用物理、化学、机械等方法来改变零构件表面的组织成分，即表面处理，获得要求的性能，以提高产品的可靠性或延长其寿命。
另外通过表面处理还可以充分发挥材料的潜力和节约能源，降低生产成本。
所以设计者在进行零件、构件设计时应充分合理的选择各种表面处理。
今天在这里介绍常用金属的镀覆、化学、电化学处理层的表示方法，包括内容有：镀锌、镀铜、镀镍、镀镉、氧化、磷化、钝化等，按GB/T13911-1992的统一规定。
技术工作者一定要注意到国家正处在向国际通行标准接轨，旧的标准不断修订，新的标准不断颁布。
所以我们的图纸和技术文件努力把现行的最新国家标准贯彻到图中去，以跟上时代发展的步伐。
1、金属镀覆和化学处理表面方法用的各种符号1）基体材料表示符号（常用基体材料）材料名称符号铁、铜 Fe铜、铜合金 Cu铝、铝合金 Al锌、锌合金 Zn镁、镁合金 Mg钛、钛合金 Ti塑料 PL（国际通用缩写）金属材料化学元素符号表示：合金材料用其主要成分的化学元素符号表示，非金属材料用国际通用缩写字母表示。
2）镀覆方法处理方法表示符号：方法名称符号（英文缩写）电镀 Ep化学镀 Ap电化学处理 Et化学处理 Ct 3）化学和电化学处理名称的表示符号处理名称符号钝化 P（不能理解为元素符号磷）氧化 O电解着色 Ec磷化 Ph阳极氧化 A电镀锌铬酸盐处理 Ca.电镀锌光亮铬酸盐处理 C1Ab.电镀锌彩虹铬酸盐处理 C1B （漂白型）常用c.电镀锌彩虹铬酸盐处理 C2C （彩虹型）常用d.电镀锌深色铬酸盐处理 C2D(符号-C；分级1、2；类型:A.B.C.D）2、金属镀覆和化学、电化学的表示方法（在图纸上的标记）1）金属镀覆表示方法：示例：例1.Fe/Ep.CuN15bCy0.3mc.（钢材，电镀铜10μm，光亮镍15μm，微裂纹铬0.3μm）例2. Fe/Ep.Zn7.C2C（钢材。
Group standard VW 13750Issue 2016-12 Class. No.:50204Descriptors:corrosion, rust protection, surface protection, metal, metal part, surface protection type, code, corrosion protectionSurface Protection for Metal PartsSurface Protection Types, CodesPrevious issuesVW 13750: 1953-06, 1954-07, 1956-10, 1958-04, 1959-03, 1959-06, 1963-03, 1963-05, 1966-06, 1966-06, 1966-10, 1967-05, 1967-11, 1969-10, 1970-11, 1971-12, 1972-02, 1974-08, 1975-06, 1976-07, 1980-09, 1983-10, 1986-10, 1989-12, 1991-11, 1994-10, 1999-04, 2005-02, 2008-01, 2008-06, 2014-05ChangesThe following changes have been made to VW 13750: 2014-05:–Section 3.1 "Basic requirements" revised–Section 3.5 "Friction behavior" expanded–Section 3.6 "Zinc and zinc alloy coatings" updated–Section 3.9 "Parts without surface protection" revised–Table 2: updated, Ofl-a103, Ofl-t670, Ofl-t680, and Ofl-z305 added, paint finishes "x": descrip‐tions adapted to the most recent Technical Supply Specification (TL) version; additionally, Ofl-x638 and Ofl-x639 added; codes Ofl-r647 and Ofl-r648 deleted–Appendix A.2 "Omitted surface protection types containing Cr(VI)" deleted–Additional technical and editorial changesAlways use the latest version of this standard.Page 1 of 16 This electronically generated standard is authentic and valid without signature.The English translation is believed to be accurate. In case of discrepancies, the German version is alone authoritative and controlling.All rights reserved. No part of this document may be provided to third parties or reproduced without the prior consent of one of the Volkswagen Group’s Standards departments.© Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft VWNORM-2015-07dPage 2VW 13750: 2016-12ContentsPageScope .........................................................................................................................2Designation ................................................................................................................2Structure of codes ......................................................................................................2Designation example ..................................................................................................3Requirements .............................................................................................................3Basic requirements ....................................................................................................3Specifications in drawings ..........................................................................................4Weldability (4)Agents impairing wetting ability ..................................................................................4Friction behavior .........................................................................................................4Zinc and zinc alloy coatings .......................................................................................5Screws, bolts, nuts, threaded parts, and molded parts ..............................................5Commercial surface protection types .........................................................................5Parts without surface protection .................................................................................6Metal parts except for the parts in section 3.9.2 ........................................................6Fasteners with a metric ISO thread ............................................................................6Assignment of surface protection types and codes ....................................................6Applicable documents ..............................................................................................13Surface protection types as per VDA 235-104 .........................................................16Surface protection types as per VDA 235-104 and VW 13750 .. (16)122.12.233.13.23.33.43.53.63.73.83.93.9.13.9.23.104Appendix A A.1ScopeThis standard applies to the identification of general surface protection types for vehicle parts and units in drawings and technical documentation.Volkswagen standard VW 13750, supplement 1 lists all invalid surface protection types that were contained in earlier issues of VW 13750.Designation Structure of codesSee figure 1: The abbreviation for surface protection ('Ofl-', from the German word for 'surface'), is followed by a 4-character code from table 2.Figure 1 – Structure of the code for surface protection types12 2.1Page 3VW 13750: 2016-12Designation exampleFor surface protection: zinc alloy electroplated, heavy protection, silver to slightly iridescent blue color, passivated, with transparent sealing, and treated with lubricant, as per TL 244.VW 13750 – Ofl-r645Requirements Basic requirementsTogether with Volkswagen Materials Engineering for Metals (GQL-M/1) and/or the Audi AG Labo‐ratory (I/GQ-L), the appropriate Development department will classify the vehicle parts and units according to their corrosion load and assign them to a protection class with a code number (as per table 1).If the parts and units are handled according to their intended applications, no damage must occur that leads to a functional impairment and/or a decrease in the prescribed corrosion protection.The restrictions as per VW 60361 must be observed for mechanical fasteners.The following standards apply to thread dimensions before a surface treatment: VW 11610,VW 11614, VW 11624, VW 11625, and VW 11627.The following standards apply to thread dimensions after surface treatment: VW 11611,VW 11615, and VW 11628.Avoidance of hazardous substances as per VW 91101.Table 1 – Classification of vehicle parts2.2 33.1Page 4VW 13750: 2016-12Specifications in drawingsIf a specific surface protection is required for the entire part or for several parts in the assembly (ASSY), the code must be entered in the title block under "Surface protection"; e.g., Ofl-t650 (see also VW 01058). If several surface protection types are approved for use at the user's discretion,the codes of all approved treatments are indicated.e.g., Ofl-r673/x630.If only partial protection is applied to a workpiece, "See drawing" is entered in the title block under "Surface protection", the affected area on the part is marked with a wide dash-dot line (figure 2),and the code is indicated with a datum line.If only a small area on the part has no surface protection, then the unprotected area must bemarked (figure 3). In this case, "See drawing" is indicated under "Surface protection".Figure 2Figure 3If different surface treatments are specified for a single part, "See drawing" must be entered under "Surface protection". The affected areas on the part must be clearly delineated.If parts from one ASSY are coated individually (one or several different surface treatments), then "See drawing" is entered under "Surface protection" in the assembly drawing. The surface treat‐ments are then listed individually on a part-specific basis in the respective drawing itself.WeldabilityIf parts with surface protection are to be welded together with one another or with other metal parts, then the parts must be tested for weldability.Ofl-c340 must be reserved as the standard surface protection type for welding parts in car body manufacture (e.g., for weld nuts).Agents impairing wetting abilityLubricants and slushing oils must be free of silicone oils and other agents that significantly impair wetting ability.Friction behaviorThreaded parts with a metric ISO thread must stay within the coefficient-of-friction range in VW 01129 with integrated or additional lubricant treatment.The lubricant must be neither hazardous to the user's health nor emit an unpleasant odor during the screw-on process. It must also be suitable for automated bolting.All-metal prevailing torque type nuts must always be treated with an additional or integrated lubri‐cant. Nuts with non-metallic clamping may be lubricated in order to achieve the specified functional characteristics. The functional characteristics of nuts treated with a protective coating and/or with a3.2 3.33.43.5Page 5VW 13750: 2016-12lubricant must not deteriorate within a storage period of 6 months in weather-sheltered rooms. The storage temperature must be between -5 °C and 40 °C.Fasteners made of stainless or heat-resistant materials may require an additional lubricant treat‐ment in order to meet the requirements in VW 01129.The influence of the surface protection on the friction behavior, particularly for parts with a metric ISO thread, must be determined by means of tests and matched to the performance characteristics (see VW 01131-1 and VW 01131-2).For coatings without lubrication, there is no guarantee that the coefficient-of-friction range as per VW 01129 is adhered to.NOTE 1: Fasteners without lubrication usually meet the criteria of friction class D or E in Associa‐tion of German Engineers (VDI) technical rule VDI 2230, sheet 1, table "Assignment of coefficient-of-friction classes with reference values for various materials/surfaces and lubrication conditions in threaded connections." For parts without lubricant treatment and a locking or adhesive coating with a set thread coefficient of friction, a coefficient-of-friction range of µtot = 0.18 to 0.25 must be ad‐hered to.Zinc and zinc alloy coatingsElectroplated/galvanized coatings are not permissible for high-strength steel and/or standard parts with a tensile strength of R m >1 000 MPa and threaded parts with a property class ≥ 10.9. The use of zinc flake coatings as per code letter t is preferred.Exceptions are possible for Zn/Ni coatings as per TL 244 and TL 196 for steel parts with a tensile strength of 1 000 to 1 200 MPa (max. Vickers hardness of 370 HV), as well as for components that are only subjected to compression loads, e.g., nuts with a property class ≤ 12. The same applies to PT screws as per VW 60358 and self-tapping screws as per DIN EN ISO 1478. In all the afore‐mentioned use cases, a heat treatment as per DIN EN ISO 4042 is required.Electro-galvanized and zinc alloy electroplated parts may be post-treated in passivation solutions in order to improve their corrosion resistance. Yellow passivation treatments with the appearance of yellow chromate conversion coatings containing Cr(VI) are not permissible.Galvanized zinc systems without additional coatings (e.g., paint finishes or sealants) are only per‐missible for the vehicle interior area.Zinc/nickel alloy coatings for electrically conductive connections are permissible only with transpar‐ent passivation.Screws, bolts, nuts, threaded parts, and molded partsFor screws, bolts, nuts, and similar threaded parts and molded parts, more stringent test require‐ments apply to the thread-free areas than to the thread profile and shank. Details concerning the test requirements are described in the relevant standards.The application of the protective coatings must not result in the h tolerance zone position being ex‐ceeded in the case of external threads or the H tolerance zone position not being reached in the case of internal mercial surface protection typesCommercial surface protection types may be used for less important applications (e.g., steel wire).However, they are not subject to corrosion resistance testing. If such protection is sufficient for a3.63.73.8Page 6VW 13750: 2016-12given part, only the code letter for the respective procedure and the numbers 010 must be provided. The designation will then read, e.g., for commercial paint: Ofl-x010.The commercial surface protection types, e.g., Ofl-c010, "commercial zinc coating," and Ofl-r010,"commercial electroplated zinc alloy coating," must not contain any Cr(VI) compounds.The avoidance of hazardous substances as per VW 91101 also applies to commercial surface pro‐tection types.Parts without surface protectionMetal parts except for the parts in section 3.9.2The components must be delivered in a clean and corrosion-free condition all the way to their in‐stallation. It must be possible to further process the components (e.g., welding) without any trouble,and they must be able to be stored temporarily for 12 weeks at the hall. Appropriate packaging measures must be additionally incorporated.For drawing note Ofl-a103, oiling as per Quality Specification QP A001, appendix "Product lists" is required. If alternative products must be used, this must be discussed and agreed upon with the Process Engineering departments at the plants using the parts. Alternative products must also meet the requirements in QP A001.If, in exceptional cases, parts without their own temporary surface protection are to be delivered,this must be explicitly indicated in the drawing with drawing note Ofl-a100. These parts will require packaging that is adequate for the relevant transport route.Drawing notes such as "plain", "none", "no designation", and "-" are no longer permissible. These notes must usually be replaced with Ofl-a103.Fasteners with a metric ISO threadThe following codes must be used for surface protection types:Ofl-a100:Corresponds to "not oiled"Ofl-a101:Corresponds to "lightly oiled" as per DIN ISO 8992.Ofl-a102:Oil film dependent on manufacturing and/or material conditions permissibleAssignment of surface protection types and codesThe specifications in table 2 apply.The use of surface protection types with codes in italics and bold is preferred.Surface protection types with codes highlighted in gray are standard surface protection types for components without threads.Table A.1 lists the surface protection types as per VW 13750 that correspond to the surface protec‐tion types as per German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA) standard VDA 235-104.3.9 3.9.13.9.23.10Page 7VW 13750: 2016-12 Table 2 – Codes for surface protection typesPage 8VW 13750: 2016-12Page 9 VW 13750: 2016-12Page 10VW 13750: 2016-12a)No base metal corrosion after four hours in the condensation test atmosphere with constant humidity as per DIN EN ISO 6270-2.b)If necessary, after being phosphated, steel parts with tensile strength values greater than 1 200 MPa must be subjected to an ap‐propriate heat treatment with a temperature of up 200 °C in order to prevent brittle fractures induced by hydrogen (DIN EN 9717).In addition to the specifications in table 2, the following periods of time must be observed for the individual protection classes when performing the neutral salt spray test as per DIN EN ISO 9227:Ofl-b100, Ofl-b101 2 hours, without base metal corrosionOfl-b110 6 hours, without base metal corrosionOfl-b111, Ofl-b11348 hours, without base metal corrosionNOTE 2: Ofl-b111 = Ofl-b100 + (2-µm to 4-µm) zinc flake coating; light abrasion, high susceptibility to soiling of other parts in theevent of contact.NOTE 3: Ofl-b113 = Ofl-b149 + (2-µm to 4-µm) zinc flake coating + (2-µm to 3-µm) top coat (lubricant additive); less abrasion than for Ofl-b111.c)Suitable for fasteners used in the body-in-white and for fasteners with adhesive coatings as per DIN 267-27, locking coatings as perDIN 267-28, and sealing coatings as per TL 195.d)For threaded parts, only oil or oil emulsions are permissible.e)Immediately after surface treatment, steel parts that are subject to tensile loads and have tensile strength values greater than1 000 MPa must be subjected to an appropriate heat treatment in order to prevent brittle fractures induced by hydrogen. This mustbe verified by means of the static tensile test in DIN 50969-1 and DIN 50969-2.f)For parts to be painted in-house.g)Electro-galvanized components with Cr(VI)-free passivation must not appear yellowish. This in order to be able to distinguish thesecomponents from the yellow chromate conversion coatings containing Cr(VI) that were often used in the past.h)Metric ISO threaded parts must be treated with lubricant as per TL 52132.i)Preferably for steel parts in ASSYs with magnesium in order to prevent bimetallic corrosion.j)Ofl-e310, Ofl-e320 = Coating thickness > 10 μmOfl-e610, Ofl-e620 = Coating thickness > 20 μm.k)Requirements for:Protection class 1: Steel substrate – coating thickness > 4 µm; copper substrate – coating thickness > 4 µmProtection class 3: Steel substrate – coating thickness > 12 µm; copper substrate – coating thickness > 8 µmProtection class 6: Steel substrate – coating thickness > 20 µm; copper substrate – coating thickness > 15 µml)For steel parts in ASSYs with magnesium in order to prevent bimetallic corrosion, but only when electrical conductivity is required. m)Ofl-k110 = Coating thickness of (3 +3) μm.n)Preferred surface protection type for self-tapping screws and PT screws.o)Metric ISO threaded parts must be treated with lubricant as per TL 52165.p)Contains PTFE, not suitable for adhesive bonds.q)No change to the surface after 120 h of the neutral salt spray test as per DIN EN ISO 9227 (e.g., no zinc corrosion on zinc die-castings).r)No change to the surface after 240 h of the neutral salt spray test as per DIN EN ISO 9227 (e.g., no zinc corrosion on zinc die-castings; this surface protection consists of a passivation coating plus a post-dip solution containing phosphate)s)In order to create a specific surface structure, a special pickling stage, e.g., E0/E6, is required.t)Color as per drawing; otherwise, black.u)Requirements also apply to dip-primed body components.v)Sn: (70 ±12)%, balance: Zn. Coating thickness ≥ 5 µm. No base metal corrosion after 360 h of the neutral salt spray test as per DIN EN ISO 9227.Applicable documents4The following documents cited in this standard are necessary to its application.Some of the cited documents are translations from the German original. The translations of Ger‐man terms in such documents may differ from those used in this standard, resulting in terminologi‐cal inconsistency.Standards whose titles are given in German may be available only in German. Editions in other languages may be available from the institution issuing the standard.QP A001Prelube, Hot Melt, Blank Washing Oil, Drawing Compound, Slushing Oil(General); Quality RequirementsTL 134Non-Electrolytically Applied Zinc Flake Coatings with Organic Coatingfor Increased Corrosion Protection Requirements; Requirements andTestingTL 153Zinc/Iron Coatings; Surface Protection RequirementsTL 178Cathodic Electrocoating of Body Skin Parts Made from Aluminum Semi-Finished Products; Surface Protection RequirementsTL 180Non-Electrolytically Applied Zinc Flake Coatings with Black Top Coat;Surface Protection RequirementsTL 182Duplex Coating on Aluminum Parts; Surface Protection Requirements TL 184Zinc Thermal Diffusion Layers(Zn-ThD Layers); Surface Protection Re‐quirementsTL 194Coating for Fasteners in Contact with Magnesium; Surface ProtectionRequirementsTL 195Mechanical Fasteners; Steel Metric Bolts with Sealing All-Around Coat‐ing; Materials RequirementsTL 196Duplex Coating Systems for Small Parts and Bulk Parts; Surface Protec‐tion RequirementsTL 203Decorative Chrome Plating (Ni-Cr Coatings) on Metal Components; Sur‐face Protection RequirementsTL 212Oxide Coatings on Aluminum Parts; Surface Protection Requirements TL 214Zinc Dust Paint Coating; Surface Protection RequirementsTL 217Zinc Coatings; Surface Protection RequirementsTL 218Body Color Multicoat Paint on Metallic Exterior Body Components; Re‐quirementsTL 227Single-Layer Paint Coating of Zinc-Coated Metal Surfaces; Surface Pro‐tection RequirementsTL 233Non-Electrolytically Applied Zinc Flake Coatings with an Organic TopCoat; Surface Protection RequirementsTL 235Manganese Phosphated Surfaces; RequirementsTL 240Thin-Layer Zinc Phosphating; Surface Protection RequirementsTL 244Zinc/Nickel Alloy Coatings; Surface Protection RequirementsTL 245Non-Electrolytically Applied Zinc Flake Coatings; Surface Protection Re‐quirementsTL 256Powder Coating on Metal Surfaces; Surface Protection Requirements TL 260Paintwork of Metal Surfaces; Surface Protection RequirementsTL 262Paint Finish of Chassis Parts; Corrosion ProtectionTL 52132Lubricant for Threaded Fasteners with Electrolytically Applied Coatingsor Made of Stainless Steel; RequirementsTL 52165Lubricant (greenish) for Threaded Fasteners; Material Requirements VW 01058Drawings; LetteringVW 01110-1Threaded Joints; Design and Assembly SpecificationsVW 01129Limit Values for Coefficients of Friction; Mechanical Fasteners with Met‐ric ISO ThreadsVW 01131-1Determination of Coefficients of Friction; Practice- and Mounting-Orien‐ted TestingVW 01131-2Determination of Coefficients of Friction; Release of New Surface Coat‐ing SystemsVW 11610Metric ISO Thread; Limit Dimensions for Medium Tolerance Class; Ex‐ternal Threads 6g / Internal Threads 6HVW 11611Metric ISO Thread; Limit Dimensions with Protective Coating for MediumTolerance Class; External Threads 6gh / Internal Threads 6HVW 11614Metric ISO Thread; Limit Dimensions for Coarse Tolerance Class, Exter‐nal 8g, Internal 7HVW 11615Metric ISO Thread; Limit Dimensions with Protective Coating for CoarseTolerance Class (8g/7H)VW 11624Metric ISO Thread; Limit Dimensions for Tolerance Class 6f/6GVW 11625Metric ISO Threads; Limit Dimensions for Tolerance Class 8f/7G; Exter‐nal Thread 8f, Internal Thread 7GVW 11627Metric ISO Thread; Limit Dimensions for Medium Tolerance Class; Ex‐ternal thread 6eVW 11628Metric ISO Thread; Limit Dimensions for External Threads, ToleranceClass 6g with Galvanic Protective CoatingSurface Protection for Metal Parts; Invalid Ofl DesignationsVW 13750,supplement 1VW 60358Self-Tapping Screws for Thermoplastics; Dimensions, Requirements,TestsVW 60361Mechanical Fasteners; Parts Reduction; General GuidelinesVW 60469Aluminum Alloy AL9 for Screws and Bolts; Mechanical PropertiesVW 91101Environmental Standard for Vehicles; Vehicle Parts, Materials, Operat‐ing Fluids; Avoidance of Hazardous SubstancesDIN 267-27Fasteners - Part 27: Steel screws, bolts and studs with adhesive coating,Technical specificationsDIN 267-28Fasteners - Part 28: Steel screws, bolts and studs with locking coating,Technical specificationsDIN 50938Black oxide coatings on ferrous metal components - Requirements andtest methodsDIN 50969-1Prevention of hydrogen-induced brittle fracture of high-strength steelbuilding elements - Part 1: Advice on the preventionDIN 50969-2Prevention of hydrogen-induced brittle fracture of high-strength steelbuilding elements - Part 2: Test methodsDIN EN 9717Metallic and other inorganic coatings - Phosphate conversion coating ofmetalsDIN EN ISO 1478Tapping screw threadDIN EN ISO 4042Fasteners - Electroplated coatingsDIN EN ISO 6270-2Paints and varnishes - Determination of resistance to humidity - Part 2:Procedure for exposing test specimens in condensation-water atmos‐pheresDIN EN ISO 9227Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres - Salt spray testsDIN ISO 8992Fasteners - General requirements for bolts, screws, studs and nuts VDA 235-104Cr(VI)-free surface protection for mechanical fasteners with metricthreadVDI 2230, sheet 1Systematic calculation of highly stressed bolted joints - Joints with onecylindrical boltSurface protection types as per VDA 235-104Surface protection types as per VDA 235-104 and VW 13750Table A.1 lists the Cr(VI)-free surface protection types for fasteners with a metric ISO thread de‐scribed in VDA 235-104 together with comparable surface protection types from VW 13750.Table A.1Appendix A (informative) A.1。
作伙伴可通过相关采购部门提取本标准。
3.2 基本要求有关首次交付和相关更改的审批程序，执行标准为VW 011 55。
有关有害物避用，执行标准为VW 911 01。
一次全面性的试验需要8个零件。
所使用的涂层，不得含有铬或铅化合物。
3.3 基本工料按图纸。
3.4 保护形式/外观参考表格1。
图纸里如无特别标示，颜色分别为黑色。
3.5 预处理如使用空气干燥式涂敷系统，以及/或者涂装系统在工作温度超过60℃时便中止烘烤作业，则部件应在试验前接受24小时以及60℃的预处理过程。
然后，试样应按照DIN 50014中的要求冷却至室温（18℃至28℃）。
3.6 涂层厚度请参阅表格2。
接合缝以及涂敷面的层厚是有限制的，具体的限制参数需在相关图纸内注明。
表23.7 粘合力和脆性用符合DIN EN ISO 2409的涂层网格进行检验。
要求：参数0至1。
3.8 涂层石击强度试验用DIN 55996-1中的方法B进行检验，目测判断试验结果。
要求：小于或等于参数2。
3.9 其他特性参阅表格3。
4. 参考文献PV 1210TL 766TL 774TL 521 07TL 521 46VW 011 55VW 137 50VW 911 01VDA 621-412DIN 50014DIN 50017DIN 50021DIN 55996-1DIN EN 228DIN EN 590DIN EN ISO 2409 DIN EN ISO 4628-1DIN EN ISO 4628-8 车身和附件；耐腐蚀试验制动液；工料要求乙二醇基冷却添加剂；工料要求起动机油SAE 15W-40；润滑剂要求耐温性较高的中央液压油；要求一般性机动车外购件；首次交付和变更的许可金属件表面保护；保护形式，缩写符号，要求机动车环保标准，机动车部件，工料和工作介质；有害物禁用涂装技术测试；机动车涂装的耐化学腐蚀性预处理标准气候以及/或者检验；规定气候以及相关的技术应用；冷凝水试验气候用不同氯化钠溶液进行盐雾试验涂装材料；涂层石击强度试验；第一部分：多冲击试验机动车燃油；无铅汽油，最低要求和试验方法机动车燃油；柴油，最低要求和试验方法色漆和清漆，涂层网格试验色漆和清漆- 漆膜降解的评定- 缺陷量值、大小以及外观均匀改变程度的规定- 第1部分：一般说明和名称与符号系统。
表面处理零件或构件在工作过程中，由于其表面的磨损、腐蚀和疲劳造成了十分惊人的经济损失，因而我们技术工作者用物理、化学、机械等方法来改变零构件表面的组织成分，即表面处理，获得要求的性能，以提高产品的可靠性或延长其寿命。
另外通过表面处理还可以充分发挥材料的潜力和节约能源，降低生产成本。
所以设计者在进行零件、构件设计时应充分合理的选择各种表面处理。
今天在这里介绍常用金属的镀覆、化学、电化学处理层的表示方法，包括内容有：镀锌、镀铜、镀镍、镀镉、氧化、磷化、钝化等，按GB/T13911-1992的统一规定。
技术工作者一定要注意到国家正处在向国际通行标准接轨，旧的标准不断修订，新的标准不断颁布。
所以我们的图纸和技术文件努力把现行的最新国家标准贯彻到图中去，以跟上时代发展的步伐。
1、金属镀覆和化学处理表面方法用的各种符号1）基体材料表示符号（常用基体材料）材料名称符号铁、铜Fe铜、铜合金Cu铝、铝合金Al锌、锌合金Zn镁、镁合金Mg钛、钛合金Ti塑料PL（国际通用缩写）金属材料化学元素符号表示：合金材料用其主要成分的化学元素符号表示，非金属材料用国际通用缩写字母表示。
2）镀覆方法处理方法表示符号：方法名称符号（英文缩写）电镀Ep化学镀Ap电化学处理Et化学处理Ct3）化学和电化学处理名称的表示符号处理名称符号钝化P（不能理解为元素符号磷）氧化O电解着色Ec磷化Ph阳极氧化 A电镀锌铬酸盐处理 Ca.电镀锌光亮铬酸盐处理C1Ab.电镀锌彩虹铬酸盐处理C1B （漂白型）常用c.电镀锌彩虹铬酸盐处理C2C （彩虹型）常用d.电镀锌深色铬酸盐处理C2D(符号-C；分级1、2；类型:A.B.C.D）2、金属镀覆和化学、电化学的表示方法（在图纸上的标记）1）金属镀覆表示方法：示例：例1.Fe/Ep.CuN15bCy0.3mc.（钢材，电镀铜10μm，光亮镍15μm，微裂纹铬0.3μm）例2. Fe/Ep.Zn7.C2C（钢材。
表面处理零件或构件在工作过程中，由于其表面的磨损、腐蚀和疲劳造成了十分惊人的经济损失，因而我们技术工作者用物理、化学、机械等方法来改变零构件表面的组织成分，即表面处理，获得要求的性能，以提高产品的可靠性或延长其寿命。
另外通过表面处理还可以充分发挥材料的潜力和节约能源，降低生产成本。
所以设计者在进行零件、构件设计时应充分合理的选择各种表面处理。
今天在这里介绍常用金属的镀覆、化学、电化学处理层的表示方法，包括内容有：镀锌、镀铜、镀镍、镀镉、氧化、磷化、钝化等，按GB/T13911-1992的统一规定。
技术工作者一定要注意到国家正处在向国际通行标准接轨，旧的标准不断修订，新的标准不断颁布。
所以我们的图纸和技术文件努力把现行的最新国家标准贯彻到图中去，以跟上时代发展的步伐。
1、金属镀覆和化学处理表面方法用的各种符号1）基体材料表示符号（常用基体材料）材料名称符号铁、铜Fe铜、铜合金Cu铝、铝合金Al锌、锌合金Zn镁、镁合金Mg钛、钛合金Ti塑料PL（国际通用缩写）金属材料化学元素符号表示：合金材料用其主要成分的化学元素符号表示，非金属材料用国际通用缩写字母表示。
2）镀覆方法处理方法表示符号：方法名称符号（英文缩写）电镀Ep化学镀Ap电化学处理Et化学处理Ct3）化学和电化学处理名称的表示符号处理名称符号钝化P（不能理解为元素符号磷）氧化O电解着色Ec磷化Ph阳极氧化 A电镀锌铬酸盐处理 Ca.电镀锌光亮铬酸盐处理C1Ab.电镀锌彩虹铬酸盐处理C1B （漂白型）常用c.电镀锌彩虹铬酸盐处理C2C （彩虹型）常用d.电镀锌深色铬酸盐处理C2D(符号-C；分级1、2；类型:A.B.C.D）2、金属镀覆和化学、电化学的表示方法（在图纸上的标记）1）金属镀覆表示方法：示例：例1.Fe/Ep.CuN15bCy0.3mc.（钢材，电镀铜10μm，光亮镍15μm，微裂纹铬0.3μm）例2. Fe/Ep.Zn7.C2C（钢材。
