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摘要：SAT语法考点解析之with。
with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。
学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。
本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。
一、 with结构的构成它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。
With结构构成方式如下：1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词;2. with或without-名词/代词+副词;3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语;4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式;5. with或without-名词/代词+分词。
下面分别举例：1、 She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语)2、 With the meal over ， we all went home.(with+名词+副词，作时间状语)3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。
(with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。
) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语) He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语)5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语)6、Without anything left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语)二、with结构的用法在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。
2019-2020年高三英语《with复合结构与独立主格结构》标准教案with结构的构成: With/without +n/pron+ (...)1. With/without +n/pron+adj；2. With/without +n/pron+adv；3. With/without +n/pron+prep.p；4. With/without +n/pron+ to do；5. With/without +n/pron+doing/done。
with结构的作用：作状语eg1. She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold. (伴随状语)2. With the meal over, we all went home. (时间状语)3. The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。
(伴随状语)4.The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. (伴随状语)5. She fell asleep with the light burning. (伴随状语)6. Without anything left in the cupboard， shewent out to get something to eat. (原因状语)NOTES:With+作定语。
1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.2.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.with结构的特点1. With/without +n/pron+ (...)(语法上) With/without +O+O补(逻辑上) With/without +n/pron(S逻)+adj(V逻)With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved.→（He was taken good care of.）She fell asleep with the light burning. →（The light was burning.） With her hair gone，there could be no use for them. →（Her hair was gone.）2. With/without +pron(宾格)+(...)He could not finish it without me to help him.几点说明：1. With结构的位置(1)with 结构在句中作状语，表示时间/条件/原因时一般放在句子前面，并用逗号与句子分开；(2)表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面，不用逗号分开;(3)若with结构作定语，则放在所修饰的名词之后，一般不用逗号隔开。
with without 引导的独立主格结构介词with without +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。
A．with+名词代词+形容词He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。
= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。
= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.注意：在“with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词化的-ing 形式或-ed形式。
With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。
With his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study.父亲如此出名，儿子不想读书。
B．with+名词代词+副词Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.所有的灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美。
= Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on.The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父亲在前，小孩在后走着。
= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.C．with+名词代词+介词短语He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。
【初中英语】精选知识点汇总【With的基本用法与独立主格】with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。
学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。
一、with结构的构成它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。
With结构构成方式如下：1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词；2. with或without-名词/代词+副词；3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式；5. with或without-名词/代词+分词。
下面分别举例：1、She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）2、With the meal over, we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。
（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。
）4、He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词+不定式，作条件状语）5、She fell asleep with the light on.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）二、with结构的用法with是介词，其意义颇多，一时难掌握。
为帮助大家理清头绪，以教材中的句子为例，进行分类，并配以简单的解释。
在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。
中考英语语法独立主格中考英语语法独立主格独立主格结构是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。
下面是给大家带来的中考语法独立主格，欢迎大家阅读参考，我们一起来看看吧!初中英语知识点：独立主格With的复合结构作独立主格它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。
With结构构成方式如下：1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词;例句：He is used to sleeping with the windows open.2. with或without-名词/代词+副词;例句：She left the room with all the lights on.3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语;例句：He walked into the dark street with a stick in his hand.4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式;例句：With so much work to do, I have no time for a holiday.5. with或without-名词/代词+分词。
例句：We found the house easily with the little boy leading the way.(现在分词表示主动动作，即分词所表示的动作是由with后的宾语发出来的)With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.(过去分词表示被动，with后面的宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系)6. without+名词/代词+补语例句：Possibly this person died withont anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.He wondered if he could slide out of the lecture hall without anyonenoticing (him).7. with+不定式和+分词的区别加不定式是指将要进行的动作，加分词是指主动或被动动作。
高考英语语法：withwithout引导的独立主格结构withwithout 引导的独立主格结构介词withwithout +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。
A.with+名词代词+形容词He doesn誸like to sleep with the windows open.他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。
= He doesn誸like to sleep when the windows are open.He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。
= He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.注意：在”with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。
With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。
With his father well-known, the boy didn誸want to study.父亲如此出名，儿子不想读书。
B.with+名词代词+副词Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.所有的灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美。
= Our school looks even more beautiful ifwhen all the lights are on.The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父亲在前，小孩在后走着。
= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.C.with+名词代词+介词短语He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.或He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。
With复合结构的用法小结with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。
学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。
本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。
一、with结构的构成它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。
With结构构成方式如下：1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词；2. with或without-名词/代词+副词；3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式；5. with或without-名词/代词+分词。
下面分别举例：1、She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）2、With the meal over ，we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。
（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。
）The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语）He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词+不定式，作条件状语）5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）Without anything left in the cupboard，shewent out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）二、with结构的用法在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。
“with复合结构”与“独立主格结构”是学习英语时，经常接触的句型，也是高考考查的热点之一。
一、with复合结构1. with复合结构的构成“with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”构成with复合结构，宾语可以是名词或代词，宾语补足语可以是现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等。
1）with + 宾语+ 现在分词（宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑主谓关系，时间上表示进行）The young woman, with a baby sleeping in her arms, was wandering in the street.2）with + 宾语+ 过去分词（宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑动宾关系，时间上表示完成）All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.3）with + 宾语+ to do （宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑主谓关系，时间上表示将来）With so many essays to write, he won’t have time to go shopping this morning.4）with + 宾语+ 介词短语BBC English broadcasts programmes for China with explanations in Chinese.5）with + 宾语+ 形容词/ 副词With the door open, the noise of the machine is almost deafening.The little boy sat in front of the house, with his shoes off.2. with复合结构的作用1）作状语。
with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。
With the meeting over, all the representatives left the meeting-room. （表时间）Jack was tired and soon fell asleep with the light still burning. （表伴随）He sat with his arms clasped around his knees. （表方式）2）作定语。
一、with结构的构成它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。
With结构构成方式如下：1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词；2. with或without-名词/代词+副词；3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式；5. with或without-名词/代词+分词。
下面分别举例：1、She came into the room，with her nose red.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）2、With the meal over ，we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。
（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。
）The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house，without a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语）He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词+不定式，作条件状语）5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）6. Without anything left in the cupboard，she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）二、with结构的用法在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。
With结构在句中也可以作定语。
例如：1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.三、with结构的特点1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。
复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系，而在逻辑上，却具有主谓关系，也就是说，可以用第一部分作主语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。
例如：With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved.（欣慰）→（He was taken good care of.）She fell asleep with the light burning. →（The light was burning.）With her hair gone，there could be no use for them. →（Her hair was gone.）2. 在with结构中，第一部分为人称代词时，则该用宾格代词。
例如：He could not finish it without me to help him.四、几点说明：1. with结构在句子中的位置：with 结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面，并用逗号与句子分开；表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面，不用逗号分开。
若with结构作定语，则放在所修饰的名词之后，一般不用逗号隔开。
2. with结构作状语时，不定式、现在分词、和过去分词的区别：在with结构中，不定式、现在分词作宾补，表示主动，但是不定式表示将要发生的动作，而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成。
例如：With the boy leading the way，we found he house easily.（小男孩已领过路）With the boy to lead the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow.（小男孩明天将领路）He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.（寝室被关着）3. with结构与一般的with短语的区别：with结构具有上述功能和特点，而\"介词with+名词或代词（组）\"组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。
作状语时，它能表示动作的方式、原因，但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。
在一般的with短语中，with后面所跟的不是复合结构，也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。
4. with结构与独立主格结构的关系：with结构属于独立主格结构，但在结构上，with结构由介词with或without引导，名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰，结构较松散；而独立主格结构没有with或without引导，结构严密，名词前可用可不用修饰语。
在句法功能上，with结构可以作定语，独立主格结构则不能；独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，但也可以作主语，而with结构则不能。
独立主格在口语中不常用，往往由一个从句代替，而with结构较口语化，较常用。
例如：There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.（\"with+复合宾语\"结构，在句中作定语）A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.（名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构，作主语）The boy said，turning to the man，his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.（独立主格结构，表示伴随状况或行为方式，作状语）Then last night，I followed him here，and climbed in，sword in hand.（名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构，作状语，表示伴随情况）board，she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）二、with结构的用法在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。
With结构在句中也可以作定语。
例如：1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.三、with结构的特点1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。
复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系，而在逻辑上，却具有主谓关系，也就是说，可以用第一部分作主语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。
例如：With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved.（欣慰）→（He was taken good care of.）She fell asleep with the light burning. →（The light was burning.）With her hair gone，there could be no use for them. →（Her hair was gone.）2. 在with结构中，第一部分为人称代词时，则该用宾格代词。
例如：He could not finish it without me to help him.四、几点说明：1. with结构在句子中的位置：with 结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在句子前面，并用逗号与句子分开；表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面，不用逗号分开。
若with结构作定语，则放在所修饰的名词之后，一般不用逗号隔开。
2. with结构作状语时，不定式、现在分词、和过去分词的区别：在with结构中，不定式、现在分词作宾补，表示主动，但是不定式表示将要发生的动作，而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成。
例如：With the boy leading the way，we found he house easily.（小男孩已领过路）With the boy to lead the way，we will find the house easily tomorrow.（小男孩明天将领路）He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.（寝室被关着）3. with结构与一般的with短语的区别：with结构具有上述功能和特点，而\"介词with+名词或代词（组）\"组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语。
作状语时，它能表示动作的方式、原因，但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。
在一般的with短语中，with后面所跟的不是复合结构，也根本没有逻辑上的主谓关系。
4. with结构与独立主格结构的关系：with结构属于独立主格结构，但在结构上，with结构由介词with或without引导，名词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰，结构较松散；而独立主格结构没有with或without引导，结构严密，名词前可用可不用修饰语。
在句法功能上，with结构可以作定语，独立主格结构则不能；独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，但也可以作主语，而with结构则不能。
独立主格在口语中不常用，往往由一个从句代替，而with结构较口语化，较常用。
