学术综合英语1-5课单词

Prese nting a speech（做演讲）Of all huma n creati on s, la nguage may be the most remarkable. ThroughIan guage we share experie nee, formulate values, excha nge ideas, tran smitkno wledge, and sustai n culture. In deed, la nguage is vital to thi nk itself. Con trary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to eve nts].在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。

我们用语言来分享经验，传递价值观，交流思想，传播知识，传承文化。

事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。

和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。

――语序的调整。

Good speakers have respect for Ian guage and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker 'craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other professi on. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use Ian guage accurately, clearly,vividly,a nd appropriately.好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。

《学术英语(综合)》书本答案以下答案对书本习题中类似于“Do you(think/agree)”“give a presentation”等的部分问题进行了省略。

Unit1EconomicsText A:Lead-in:omittedCritical reading and thinking:Task1:Body:Use the labor and skills behind the Thanksgiving weekend as examples to illustrate the concept of“the invisible hand”End:Echo the beginning,emphasizing we should be grateful to the miracle on this Thanksgiving Day and every dayTask2:1.It is not difficult at all to explain why grocery stores stock up on turkey before Thanksgiving.There seemsto be no miracle in it.2.The use of so many“and’s”helps to emphasize that a series of actions and all kinds of work are involved inthe sale of Thanksgiving turkey.3.Here“from above”means“from God”.The phrase is used to show that there is something wondrous andalmost inexplicable in the social order of freedom.Task3:Market has its own way of punishing business malpractice.For example,if a fast food chain sells contaminated food,nation-wide demand for their food will go down,along with their profit.When a company sells defective products,they have to deal with liability costs.Language building-up:Task1:1．1．饲料经销商；饲料批发商2．为他自己的收益而工作3．技能与劳动力4．制造塑料5．私人交易6．包装并定价7．无形之手2．1.pricedbor3.transactions4.gainbor;manufactured6.the invisible hand7.distributorTask2:1.Today,in millions of homes across the nation,God will be thanked for many gifts,for the feast on thetable and the company of loved ones,for health and good fortune in the year gone by,for peace privilege of having been born—or having become—American.(Line2,Para.1)2.And yet,isn't there something wondrous—something almost inexplicable—in the way your Thanksgivingweekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers?(Line1,Para.4)3.…Thanksgiving Turkey,there would be one—or more likely,a few dozen—waiting.(Line3,Para.6) Task3:1.very many2.buying or selling3.a large group of4.more huge5.understand6.troubledText B:Critical reading and thinking:Task1:1.Considering that her boyfriend doesn’t even bother to choose a gift for her,the girl concludes that hedoesn’t love her.Therefore,she breaks off the relationship.In the case where the strength of affection is most in question,people care a lot about what is given as a gift.2.The following is one more example where the signaling theory can be applied:In the job market,anemployer may not know whether a candidate is qualified for a post or not.Very often,the candidate will show the employer education credentials,which can be used as a signal to the employer.Thus the information gap is narrowed.Task2:(以下所有表格题若未说明，顺序皆为从上到下，从左到右)Internet browser;Windows operating system;deter;entering the market and offering new products;cars today include many built-in products;monopoly;80;reliable;easier to use;severely limited;changing;competitors;low;Researching:The U.S.economy is a free market economy with some government regulation ad there has been a lasting debate about how much government regulation is necessary.Those who argue for less regulation claim that the free market itself will require business to protect consumers and provide good products or services and the interference from the government can do nothing but increase the cost of doing corporations are not concerned about the public’s interest,so regulation is indispensable.Interestingly, Adam Smith himself believed that government had an important role to play in economic life.For example, he believed that the government should enforce contracts and grant patents and copyrights.Text C:Task:每一个精明的一家之主都知道，如果买一样东西所花的钱比在家里自己生产所花的成本要小，那就永远不要尝试在家里生产。

Unit 1SECTION ATask 2A(1)Contrary to what they predicted, the disease broke out and killed thousands of people.与他们的预测相反，病情爆发并且夺去了数千人的生命。

(2)Without receiving her reply as scheduled he regarded it as implicit acceptance.没有如期收到她的答复（回复），他认为她这是默许接受了。

(3)He repeated his assertion that he was not guilty in front of the jury in court.法庭之上，他在陪审团面前重申了他无罪的声明。

(4)Using the Internet, he was able to look up information on a terrible disease torturing his wife.他可以运用互联网查找一种折磨他妻子的可怕疾病的信息。

(5)The young man adapted well to the city life and his new environment.这个年轻人非常适应城市生活和新环境(6)There is not enough oxygen in the Moon’s atmosphere to sustain plant life.月球大气中没有足够的氧气来维持植物的生命。

(7)What you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite unbiased qualified sources.当你在准备演讲时，一定要引用不偏不倚并且高质量的信息源。

(8)In the course of children’s language acquisition, adults should pay attention to grammar.在儿童学习语言的过程中，大人们应该注意语法。

1,sector [' sekts]n.部门；扇形，扇区；象限仪；函数尺vt.把…分成扇形2,breed [bri:d]vi.繁殖；饲养；产生vt.繁殖；饲养；养育，教育；引起n.品种；种类，类型3,fragile f fr«d5ail]adj.脆的；易碎的4,byproduct [' bai, prodAkt]n.副产品5,misappropriation [' mis。

' prsupri，eijan] n.侵吞；滥用6,kickback [' kikbcek]n.回扣，佣金；强烈反应；退回赃物7,legitimacy [li5 dSitimssi]n.合法；合理；正统8,content ['kontent]n.内容，目录；满足；容量adj.满意的vt.使满足9,systemic \_si stemik, -'sti：-]adj.系统的；全身的；体系的10,cynicism [' sini, sizsm]n.玩世不恭，愤世嫉俗；犬儒主义；冷嘲热讽11,enact \_i n^ekt]vt.颁布；制定法律；扮演12,prohibitingv.禁止（prohibit的ing形式）13,bribery f braibari]n.[法]贿赂；受贿；行贿14,extortion [ik'sto：Jan]n.勒索；敲诈；强夺；被勒索的财物15,promulgate f promslgeit, prou'mAl-]vt.公布；传播；发表16,cooperation [kou, Op。

'reijan]n.合作，协作；[劳经]协力17,corporation [, ko：po'reijan]n.公司；法人（团体）；社团；大腹便便；市政当局18,implement ['implimsnt, ' impliment]vt.实施，执行；实现，使生效n.工具，器具；手段19,advocacy ['eedvokosi]n.主张；拥护；辩护20,underlying [, And。

《学术英语(综合)》书本答案以下答案对书本习题中类似于“Do you(think/agree)”“give a presentation”等的部分问题进行了省略。

Unit1EconomicsText A:Lead-in:omittedCritical reading and thinking:Task1:Body:Use the labor and skills behind the Thanksgiving weekend as examples to illustrate the concept of“the invisible hand”End:Echo the beginning,emphasizing we should be grateful to the miracle on this Thanksgiving Day and every dayTask2:1.It is not difficult at all to explain why grocery stores stock up on turkey before Thanksgiving.There seemsto be no miracle in it.2.The use of so many“and’s”helps to emphasize that a series of actions and all kinds of work are involved inthe sale of Thanksgiving turkey.3.Here“from above”means“from God”.The phrase is used to show that there is something wondrous andalmost inexplicable in the social order of freedom.Task3:Market has its own way of punishing business malpractice.For example,if a fast food chain sells contaminated food,nation-wide demand for their food will go down,along with their profit.When a company sells defective products,they have to deal with liability costs.Language building-up:Task1:1．1．饲料经销商；饲料批发商2．为他自己的收益而工作3．技能与劳动力4．制造塑料5．私人交易6．包装并定价7．无形之手2．1.pricedbor3.transactions4.gainbor;manufactured6.the invisible hand7.distributorTask2:1.Today,in millions of homes across the nation,God will be thanked for many gifts,for the feast on thetable and the company of loved ones,for health and good fortune in the year gone by,for peace privilege of having been born—or having become—American.(Line2,Para.1)2.And yet,isn't there something wondrous—something almost inexplicable—in the way your Thanksgivingweekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers?(Line1,Para.4)3.…Thanksgiving Turkey,there would be one—or more likely,a few dozen—waiting.(Line3,Para.6) Task3:1.very many2.buying or selling3.a large group of4.more huge5.understand6.troubledText B:Critical reading and thinking:Task1:1.Considering that her boyfriend doesn’t even bother to choose a gift for her,the girl concludes that hedoesn’t love her.Therefore,she breaks off the relationship.In the case where the strength of affection is most in question,people care a lot about what is given as a gift.2.The following is one more example where the signaling theory can be applied:In the job market,anemployer may not know whether a candidate is qualified for a post or not.Very often,the candidate will show the employer education credentials,which can be used as a signal to the employer.Thus the information gap is narrowed.Task2:(以下所有表格题若未说明，顺序皆为从上到下，从左到右)Internet browser;Windows operating system;deter;entering the market and offering new products;cars today include many built-in products;monopoly;80;reliable;easier to use;severely limited;changing;competitors;low;Researching:The U.S.economy is a free market economy with some government regulation ad there has been a lasting debate about how much government regulation is necessary.Those who argue for less regulation claim that the free market itself will require business to protect consumers and provide good products or services and the interference from the government can do nothing but increase the cost of doing corporations are not concerned about the public’s interest,so regulation is indispensable.Interestingly, Adam Smith himself believed that government had an important role to play in economic life.For example, he believed that the government should enforce contracts and grant patents and copyrights.Text C:Task:每一个精明的一家之主都知道，如果买一样东西所花的钱比在家里自己生产所花的成本要小，那就永远不要尝试在家里生产。

Unit 4Energy and SustainabilityViewing and speaking11-5: T F T F F211990s2 1.5 million; 27%380%-95%; 50% ; 80%435 billion510 thousand640%TranscriptGermany is in transition. One of the world’s largest economies is pursuing an ambitious goal ‒ switching to renewable energy. For the complete transformation of its energy infrastructure, the German energy market is entering a new age. Intelligent ideas, resolute action, and political will have made Germany a frontrunner.Since the early 1990s, both companies and citizens have been investing in solar, wind and bio-energy power plants. These investments are supported by an attractive and stable legal framework. Germany’s energy revolution is well underway and moving forward with great momentum. More than 1.5 million renewable power plants have been installed in Germany over the past 25 years. A world record! Renewables now produce over 27% of the electricity consumed in Germany. But this is just the beginning. Germany’s energy transition is pursuing ambitious goals. It’s planned that by 2050 the emission of greenhouse gases will have been reduced by 80%-95%. To achieve this, energy consumption will be reduced by 50% and at least 80% ofelectricity will come from renewables.Off-shore wind, on-shore wind and solar are the future pillars of Germany’s energy supply. Sun and wind are fluctuating energy sources. Variations in generation caused by the weather must be balanced out. This means integrating renewable energy into the energy infrastructure is the main challenge. The existing electricity grid needs to be adapted and grid participants need to be able to communicate in an intelligent network ‒ a smart grid. More storage capacity for renewable energy needs to be built, and large investments will be needed to improve energy efficiency further.The fluctuating supply of electricity from renewables requires upgrades to be made to the entire power grid. An investment of over 35 billion euros is planned for the construction of high-voltage transmission lines, electricity autobahns from the wind-rich north to major industrial regions. Large investments are also planned for the local distribution grids as well as for new communication technologies that will quickly identify any bottlenecks.Energy storage systems are another key to integrating and using renewable energy optimally. Large battery systems already helped stabilize the grid by compensating for fluctuations in real time. The falling cost of solar power is making energy storage increasingly attractive for private households too. This led to around 10 thousand solar battery systems being installed in German households in 2014 alone.Increasing energy efficiency in all sectors is another pillar of the energy transition. Germany is one of the world’s leading industrial nations in this field. The country already consumes less primary energy than 25 years ago. Energy consumption is becoming increasingly decoupled from economic growth. Buildings account for around 40% of Germany’s energy consumption, most of which is used for heating. The federal government offers unique incentives for upgrading the energy performance of buildings. World-leading German research institutes and universities work closely with industry to bring innovations to the market. Whether for wind or solar power, greater integration, energy storage or energy efficiency, Germany is home to outstanding research and development facilities.21Solar energy can be used directly for various purposes; wind energy, hydropower and bioenergy all come indirectly from the sun.2In the place where I live, solar water heaters are installed on the roofs of the buildings, providing hot water for the shower. In the neighboring community, solar panels are installed outside the walls of buildings, right under the windows of each apartment. In the nearby park where I usually take a walk after dinner, thelights are also powered by the sun.3clean energyClean energy is the energy that can be extracted, generated and consumed without any significant negative impact on the environment, collected from renewable resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, tides and geothermal heat. It provides energy in four important areas: electricity generation, air and water heating / cooling, transportation, and rural energy services.Clean energy is one of the key pillars of sustainable development in that it helps reduce dependence on fossil fuel resources, provide opportunities for mitigating greenhouse gases, and serve the needs of the present without compromising the sustainability of future generations to meet their energy needs.Extensive reading111)Our electricity sector has gone through dramatic changes;2)We’re clearly in a time of unparalleled transformation;3) A clean energy future is one we want to make certain not to miss.21)Power plants like solar and wind ones require no fuel delivery;2)Don’t have to worry about air or water pollution, or water use, or catastrophicfailures;3)Be able to spend more energy dollars on people;4)Meet energy demand with less energy with efficient lighting, motors, andappliances.31)Clean energy means jobs in manufacturing, installation, servicing, etc.; it canmean revenues for communities and landowners who host renewable energy;2)People want healthy air and clean water for their communities and their kids;3)We can find leadership and support in a range of places and colors.41)There is plenty we can do for the grid. A range of new technologies andapproaches are letting us be much more active participants in making the electricity grid work for all.2)Harnessing the power of sunbeams and silicon, we can turn our roofs into minipower plants, and generate electricity not just to meet our own needs but to help utilities and the local electricity grids meet peak power demands on hot, sunny days.21)challenges2)opportunities3)we want to make certain not to miss4)easier route5)from across the political spectrum6) a solid majority of7)affordable rooftop solar8)electricity supplies9)purpose and direction10)postpone11)win3Examples:1)energy price volatility2)supply-demand imbalance3)energy poverty4)energy security5)greenhouse effect6)environmental problems41清洁能源2激动人心的雄辩言辞3能源转型4着眼于过去5经历巨变6弄清7新的商业模式8金融工程9燃料运输10灾难性后果11选民登记表12广泛吸引力13许多地方14无论15就职演讲16小型发电厂17发电18满足我们自己的需要19用电需要高峰期20放手去做21树立远大目标22恪守23肯尼迪诞辰100周年纪念日24史无前例的大变革时代25电力供需关系26不同政治派别的人27绝大部分美国人28分布式能源技术51 a solid majority of students in the class2has gone through dramatic changes over the past two decades 3 a wide range of facilities4regardless of age5meet the needs of young learners6must live by my rulesIntensive reading1 F2 F3 F4 T5 T6 T7 T8 F111)If you try to push a boulder, it pushes you back.2)Once you’ve started the boulder rolling, it develops momentum.3) A football player moving at speed has a lot of momentum.4)In a sports team or a presidential campaign, everybody relishes having the “BigMo”.21)They are unbelievably expensive.2)They are built to last for a very long time.3)They have a huge amount of inertia.4)They have a lot of momentum once they’re set in motion.31)momentum2)inertia21) a light bulb2)the bulb and its fixture3)rooms and entire buildings4)be trained5)energy workers6)training programs7)costly installations8)lengthy life spans9)have been recovered31)previous energy transitions2)inertia and momentum11-5: b e f g c6-10: j a d i h21-5: B B B B B6-10: C B B A B31possibility2resistant3painful4regulator5subsequent6builder7lengthily8investment9continual10promoter41feasible2outdoor3motion4array5span6distribution51moving object2the state of motion3move at speed4kinetic energy5presidential campaign 6energy transition7aircraft carrier8incandescent light bulb 9change a light bulb10desk lamp11in accordance with12carry out13be laid off14in the right sequence 15in some cases16training program17come into play18the life span19recover the cost20go into commercial service21in an unprecedented manner22gasoline-powered car23electric car24fluorescent light61Once you’ve started the boulder rolling, it develops momentum, which is defined by its mass and velocity.2Consider the incandescent bulb, a current object of hatred of many environmentalists and energy-efficiency advocates.3The incandescent light bulb, which came to be the symbol of inspiration, has been developed into hundreds, if not thousands, of forms.4It’s easy to change a light bulb, but it’s harder to change the bulb and its fixture.5Not only do our prospective new energy workers have to be trained, they have to be trained in the right sequence.6In some cases, colleges and universities might have to change their training programs, adding another layer of difficulty.7The oldest continuously operated commercial hydroelectric plant in the United States is on New York’s Hudson River, and it went into commercial service in 1898.71There may be problems if responsibilities are not clearly defined.2She was asked to do the after-sales service; that is, she had to tune the pianos for the customers in their homes.3Good communication is key to our success.4The influence of new housing policies reaches far beyond the housing market itself.5He came to realize he was only a puppet.6The store offers a dazzling array of garden tools.7It is one thing to announce spending cuts, but it’s another thing to carry them out. 8Given that she is fond of children), I am sure teaching is the right career for her.9This is by far the biggest study in this field.Academic writing11claimed2perform3revolutionize4estimate5observe6identified7possess8provide21interpret2discriminate3accelerate4clarify5recognize6measure7characterize8yield31being2component3topic4incident5item6factor11Paragraph 1 shows unity of a paragraph. It focuses on the topic: a quantitative measure of the quality of life.2Paragraph 2 lacks unity in that the last three sentences, covering different topics such as civilization and culture, deviate from the topic of this paragraph: a quantitative measure of the quality of life. Paragraph 3 also lacks unity. The last two sentences deal with another topic: the relationship between the quality of life and per capita electricity consumption.21Paragraph 4:Recent scientific evidence shows that major and widespread climate changes have occurred with startling speed.Paragraph 5: Onshore wind has the advantage of being one of the most affordable renewable energy sources.2Paragraph 4Cross out: Preventing catastrophic climate changes is, at its core, an energy challenge. We human beings should make concerted efforts to face the challenge.Paragraph 5Cross out: Some emissions are created by the manufacture, transportation and installation of wind turbines, but these are considered fairly low.3Paragraph 6: … // None of these problems of dependence …Sharing1The pie chart illustrates China’s energy mix in 2016. As is shown in the chart, fossil fuels remain the principal energy sources, accounting for 87% of overall energy consumption in China. In contrast, renewable and nuclear energy make up only 4%, and the remaining 9% of energy comes from hydropower.The uneven distribution of different energy sources in the energy mix can also be seen within fossil fuels: coal constitutes 62% of the total, whereas only 6 percent of energy is generated from natural gas.2Obviously, a more balanced energy mix is needed for good reasons: environmental protection, sustainable development, energy security, and welfare of future generations. Specifically, we need to reduce the burning of fossil fuels, especially coal, so as to cut carbon emissions that lead to air pollutions and climate change. In the meantime, renewable energy like solar, wind, geothermal and bioenergy should be promoted to meet the increasing energy demand of society.。

学术综合英语参考答案unit1学术综合英语参考答案Unit 1一、词汇与语法1. 词汇题- (1) 正确答案：A. 显著的- (2) 正确答案：C. 影响- (3) 正确答案：B. 观点- (4) 正确答案：D. 概念- (5) 正确答案：E. 假设2. 语法题- (1) 正确答案：Whoever has the ability can apply for the position.- (2) 正确答案：Despite the heavy rain, they continued their journey.- (3) 正确答案：Not only did he finish his homework but he also helped his sister.- (4) 正确答案：It is the first time that she has visited the museum.- (5) 正确答案：Such is the power of nature that no one can resist it.二、阅读理解1. 阅读A- 问题1：正确答案：The author argues that the importanceof the English language in the global context.- 问题2：正确答案：The spread of English is attributed to the British Empire's colonial expansion and the role of the United States in international affairs.- 问题3：正确答案：English is considered a global language because it is widely used in business, science, technology, and diplomacy.2. 阅读B- 问题1：正确答案：The article discusses the challengesand opportunities of learning a second language.- 问题2：正确答案：Cognitive benefits, improved job prospects, and cultural understanding are mentioned as advantages of bilingualism.- 问题3：正确答案：Language learning can be hindered by factors such as age, motivation, and the learning environment.三、完形填空1. 正确答案：- (1) B. 影响- (2) A. 显著的- (3) D. 观点- (4) C. 概念- (5) E. 假设- (6) F. 假设- (7) G. 观点- (8) H. 影响- (9) I. 显著的- (10) J. 概念四、翻译1. 中译英- 正确答案：The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes to our daily lives.2. 英译中- 正确答案：全球化不仅促进了国际贸易，也增进了不同文化之间的理解和尊重。

学术综合英语1~5单元单词及重要词组总结（包含易考单词）=============UNIT1================*sustain支撑，保持，撑住craft手艺，工艺*clutter凌乱，杂乱simile明喻*metaphor隐喻*implicit不言明的，默认的，含蓄的*rhythm节奏，节律parallelism平行，对应，排比alliteration头韵antithesis对比，对偶juxtaposition并列，并置*assertion断言bolster支持testimony证明，证据anecdote轶事hypothetical假设的，假定的textured具有特定结构或特征的sparing节约的credible可靠地credentials可信任的证明extemporaneously即兴的，impromptu无准备的*unbiased公正，无偏见*contrary to与。

相反*look up查找*adapt to适应*at hand在附近，在手边hot air空话连篇*in the course of在、、、、过程中in passing附带地，顺便地=============UNIT2================detract贬低，减损，降低dominant首要的，主要的，主导的inadequacy缺乏，匮乏，不足convert转化deprivation缺失，匮乏constancy不变，恒定plausible貌似合理/可信的staggering惊人的unprecedented史无前例的entail要求mediocre二流的平庸的，劣质的elaborate复杂的effluent工业废水disruption有限，限定，限度traverse穿行magnitude程度particulate微粒，颗粒*consensus一致意见concentration浓度*liability不利因素*menace威胁*portend预示pathogen病原体*striking显著地augment增加emergence出现*intractable难处理的*massive巨大的central重要的*devastating毁灭性的*aggravate恶化，加重，是恼火*plausible貌似可信的*entail使需要，承担*triple三倍的*intractable不听话的*pose造成，形成*staggering蹒跚*emergence出现*resurgence复活，再现，再起*contribute to导致，引起，为。

Presenting a speech（做演讲）Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Throughlanguage we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events].在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。

我们用语言来分享经验，传递价值观，交流思想，传播知识，传承文化。

事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。

和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。

——语序的调整。

Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately.好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。