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动词不定式动词不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成。
这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。
不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。
[观察例句]1．To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilizations.2．It’s very important to master a foreign language.3．The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas，and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.4．Trading has grown greatly in recent years，and will continue to do so in years to come.5．Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.6．Here，merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals，which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures.7．Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times，there are still many other places left to explore.[归纳用法]1．例句1中的黑体部分为动词不定式短语作主语。
新教材2024版高中英语学案北师大版必修第三册：Part Ⅲ单元语法——后跟动名词或不定式的动词1.只跟动名词作宾语的动词和动词短语[用法归纳](1)请牢记下面的口诀：考虑建议盼原谅(consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse)承认推迟及想像(admit, delay/put off, fancy)避免错过继续练(avoid, miss, keep/keep on， practise)否认完成欣赏(deny，finish, enjoy/appreciate)禁止想象和冒险(forbid, imagine，risk)不禁介意准逃亡(can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape)难以忍受始反对(can't stand, get down to, object to)想要成功坚持忙(feel like, succeed in, stick to/insist on, be busy in)习惯放弃有困难(be used to, give up, have difficulty in)导致专心防道歉(lead to, devote...to, prevent...from, apologise for)(2)动名词主动形式表被动意义need/want/require doing＝need/want/require to be done需要被……deserve punishing＝deserve to be punished应受惩罚be worth doing＝be worthy of being done＝be worthy to be done值得做……(3)固定句型：There is no point in doing sth.做某事是没有意义的。
There is no possibility of doing sth.做某事是不可能的。
第01讲动词不定式目录01 考情透视.目标导航 (2)02 知识导图.思维引航 (3)03 考点突破.考法探究 (3)【基础详单】 (3)知识点1 不定式的概念及特点 (4)知识点2 不定式的时态和语态 (4)考点一不定式的句法功能 (4)知识点1 作主语 (4)知识点2 作宾语 (5)知识点3 作补语 (6)知识点4 作表语 (7)知识点5 作定语 (8)知识点6 作状语 (9)考点二不定式的特殊用法 (11)知识点1 疑问词+不定式 (11)知识点2 不定式的省略 (12)知识点3 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义 (12)04 真题练习·命题洞现1.真题实战 (13)2.命题演练 (14)三年真题考点分布【基础详单】知识点1 不定式的概念及特点非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。
包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）三类，它们没有人称和数的变化，但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式上的变化，还可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动词不定式的基本构成形式：“to+动词原形”。
知识点2 不定式的时态和语态考点一不定式的句法功能知识点1 作主语【名师提醒】 1.不定式作主语时，相当于名词或代词，谓语动词用单数形式。
2. “赞扬，责备”的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous，considerable等。
3. 以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful等用for sb作逻辑主语。
动词不定式是由“to+动词原形〞构成 (有时可以不带to)。
其否定形式是“not+动词不定式〞(not不与助动词连用)。
它属于一种非谓语动词的形式，在句子中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化，但它可以保留动词的性质，其本身可以带宾语或状语等附加成分〔不定式和其附加成分称为不定式短语〕。
动词不定式〔短语〕的句法功能非常广泛，在句中可作主语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语及状语等成分。
一、作主语〔1〕动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词常常用单数。
例如：To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 做早操有利于我们的健康。
To sweep the floor is my duty every day. 每天打扫地板是我的责任。
〔2〕如果动词不定式太长，常常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语——动词不定式后置。
例如：It took me half an hour to walk there．我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。
It’s important for us to learn English well．对我们来说，学好英语是重要的。
二、作宾语〔1〕能够接动词不定式作宾语的有〔固定结构〕 ask, agree, beg, decide, determine, fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 及 would like/love 等动词，但 finish, enjoy, miss, appreciate, mind, advise, suggest 等动词后面通常只能接动名词作宾语。
例如：I hope to visit this place again. 我希望能再度访问此地。
She enjoys reading very much．她非常喜欢读书。
The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
动词不定式专项训练A. to solveB. to be solveC. being solvedD. solvingA. for her to returnB. that she must returnC. her returningD. of him to returnA. costs... to getB. costs... gettingC. takes... to getD. takes... gettingA. to explainB. to have been explainedC. to be explainedD. to be explainingA. to learnB. to be learningC. to have learnedD. to have been learningKeys: 1-5 A A C C C专项练习1.The flu is believed_______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A. causingB. being causedC. to be causedD. to have been caused2.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions needA. that. .. to be improvedB. which ... to be improvedC. where. . . to be improvingD. when.. . improving3.Remember_________the magazine when you have finished reading it.A. putting backB. having put backC. to put backD. will put back4.—I'm sorry I forgot________ your dictionary.—Let's use Li Hua's.A. to takeB. takingC. to bringD. bringingA. to do whatB. what to doC. doing whatD. what doingA. writing... phoningB. to write. . . to phoneC. writing... to phoneD. to write. . . phoning7.Tom is always forgetting things he has done. Yesterday, he forgot and looked for it eve-rywhere.A. to post the letterB. to have the letter postedC. to having posted the letterD. having posted the letterA. to be notB. not to beC. not beingD. being not9.My brother regretted _______ a lecture given by Prof. Wang.A. missingB. to missC. missedD. being missing10.I regret _______ you that we are unable to offer you a job.A. informingB. having informedC. to informD. to informing11.He felt tired with typing the lecture. So he stopped_______ a short break.A. havingB. to haveC. takingD. to taking12.In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies arestriving their products more competitive.A. to makeB. makingC. to have madeD. having madeA. to sit... weptB. to sit. .. weepingC. sit... weptD. sat. . . weeping14.—You have come just in time tohelp us.—Fine. What needs________________________?A. I doB. doneC. to be doneD. to do15.That evening, he set about_________ t he report_______ the next morning.A. write... to hand inB. to write.. . handing inC. written... to hand inD. writing... to be handed in16.There seemed nothing ________ to do but ________ f or the doctor.A. leave... sendB. left... to sendC. left... sendD. leaving... send17.Do you think it difficult________ a dolphin ________ ?A. to train... jumpingB. training... for jumpingC. to train... jumpD. to train... to jump18.I prefer _______ rather than_______ .A. to do some reading... watching TVB. doing some reading... watching TVC. to do some reading... watch TVD. doing some reading... to watch TV19.The two boys pretended _________ v ery hard, though they did nothing.A. studyB. studyingC. to be studiedD. to be studying Keys: 1-5 CACCB6-10 CDBAC 11-15 BAB CD 16-19CDCD专项练习1.An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered clear warnings before firing any shots.A. to issueB. being issuedC. to have issuedD. to beissuedA. practise to singB. practise singingC. to practise to singD. to practise singing3.—What can we do to help Li Ming?A. making him to realizeB. making him realizeC. to make him realizeD. to make him to realizeA. disappearB. to disappearC. disappearingD. disappearedA. to writeB. writtenC. writeD. writingA. madeB. to makeC. makingD. to be makingA. saysB. sayingC. sayD. saidA. give upB. giving upC. to give upD. to giving upA. to commentB. commentC. to commentingD. being commentedA. reciteB. recitedC. recitingD. to reciteA. repeat the question againB. repeating the questionC. to repeating the questionD. to repeat the questionA. to be destroyedB. to have been destroyedC. to be destroyingD. to have been destroyingA. to go alongB. going alongC. went alongD. will goalongA. to get it to startB. get it startD. getting it startedC. to get it startedA. to sweepB. to be sweptC. should sweepD. being swept Keys:1-5 ADC AC6-10 CCCBA 11-15 DBACB1.—I'd like to buy a car made in Shanghai.—Okay, Sir. You have several models ________ .A. to chooseB. to be chosen fromC. to choose fromD. for choosing2.It's time________ rice.A. for transplantB. of transplantingC. to transplantD. to transplanting3.It is a very difficult problem. I need a few days_________ .A. of thinking over itB. to think it overC. of thinking it overD. to think over it4.People need homes _______ and food ________ .A. to live... to eatB. to live in... to eatC. live. . . to eatD. to live in... to eat for5.Columbus was the first _________ t he New Continent.A. to have discoveredB. to discoverC. discoveringD. having discovered Keys:1-5 CCBBB专项练习A. for the family to liveB. for the family to live inC. that the family can't live inD. that the family can't liveA. so everyone to understandB. for every one understoodC. for everyone to understandD. for understandingA. to get along withB. to get alongC. to be got along withD. to getting along withA. for us in followingB. for us to be followedC. to be followedD. for us to followA. to drink itB. to be drunkC. to drinkD. to be drinkingA. to seeB. for to seeC. for seeingD. seeing7. _______ , I don't want to argue with them about the matter.A. To tell you the truthB. Telling the truthC. Having told you the truthD. Out of the truthA. to not frightenB. so as not to frightenC. in order to not frightenD. for not frighteningA. showing me the wayB. as to show me the wayC. to show me the wayD. so you can show me the wayA. to leaveB. that he leavesC. as to leaveD. leavingKeys:1-5 BCADC6-10 AABCC专项练习vi. 不定式的时态与语态意义1. 不定式的时态意义1)一般式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或是在其后发生。
动词不定式归纳定义：不定式的to和介词to需要被区分开，不定式的to后接动词原形，介词to后接名词、代词或动名词。
不定式作动词宾语He decided to invite all of his classmates to attend the holiday at the beach. 不定式作宾语He promised not to tell anyone about it.如果宾语有自己的补语，那么常用it作形式宾语，而把真正作宾语的不定式放在后面放在后面，常带有形式宾语的动词有：believe. Consider. Feel. Find. Know. Make . regard例：we think it important to obey the laws. √we think to obey the laws is important. ×I know it impossible to finish so much homework in a day.不定式作介词宾语当介词but、except、besides前面有行为动词do及其各种形式时，介词后面的不定式可以省略to，否那么不省略。
What do you like to do besides play football？We have no choice but to wait.个别介词可以用“疑问词+不定式〞作宾语The boy has him own idea of how to finish it.不定式起形容词作用作定语不定式作定语用来修饰名词或代词，置于它所修饰的词后，而且放在其他后置定语的后面。
同时与它所修饰的名词或代词形成逻辑上的动宾关系或主谓关系。
He always has a lot of meetings to attend. 不定式to attend 和名词meetings 形成动宾关系The next train to arrive was from Seattle. To arrive 和train形成主谓关系Do you have anything interesting to read如果作定语用的不定式是不及物动词，就要加上介词，使被修饰的这个词成为这个介词的逻辑宾语。
语法精讲②不定式作定语和结果状语1．不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，修饰前面的名词或代词(也叫中心词)。
动词不定式跟中心词有逻辑关系，大致分为主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系和状语关系等。
(1)主谓关系不定式的动作是不定式所修饰的中心词来执行的。
可以改成定语从句。
①不定式可用来修饰人。
He is a man to finish his task best.他是任务完成得最好的人。
→He is a man who has finished his task best.He was a brave man to admit what he had done.他是个敢做敢当的英勇之人。
→He was a brave man who could admit what he had done.②不定式可用来修饰物，表示某物要做某事。
The next train to arrive was from New York.下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。
→The next train which would arrive was from New York.The world mathematics conference to take place in Beijing next month is bound to be a great success.下个月将在北京召开的世界数学大会肯定会取得圆满胜利。
→The world mathematics conference which is going to take place in Beijing next month is bound to be a great success.(2)动宾关系不定式与所修饰的中心词有动宾关系，可改成定语从句。
跟主谓关系一样，不定式修饰的既可以是人，也可以是物。
不定式动作的执行者可能是句子的主语，也有可能是句子的宾语；有时不定式动作的执行者暗含在上下文中；有时用for sb./sth.指出动作的执行者；有时根本不知道是谁。
高中英语语法复习讲义——动词不定式一.相关知识点精讲:1.不定式作补语1)有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。
例如：例如;Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。
注意：有些动词如make，have，get，want 等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。
现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2)有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般可以省去。
例如：例如：We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。
(to be 不能省去)典型例题Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer.A. to inventB. inventingC. to have inventedD. having invented答案：C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be 以外不定式的结构，也没有consider+宾语+doing 的结构，排除A、B、D。
consider 用动词be 以外的不定式作宾补时，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故选C。
3)有些动词可以跟there +to be 的结构。
例如：believe expect intend like loveprefer want wish understand mean例如：We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
You wouldn’t want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。
2013高考英语：（10）二轮语法学案（动词不定式）（训练题配答案或解析）动词不定式不定式的完成式强调动作或状态发生在谓语动词之前。
一般式表示动作或状态发生在谓语动词之后、与谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生或存在。
进行式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生。
完成进行式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，而且仍在继续；当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，用不定式的被动式。
1．be considered/thought/believed/supposed后多跟不定式的完成式、完成被动式(tohave been)或to be形式。
eg： Her father is believed to have been a sailor．她的爸爸被认为是一名水手。
She is considered to be the best student in our class．她被认为是我们班最好的学生。
Her grandfather is thought to have been wounded duringWorld WarⅡ．她的祖父被认为在第二次世界大战中受过伤。
2．下列结构中动词后出现不定式的多种形式：(1)在seem/appear/pretend后。
eg：My brother seems to be thinking about something．我的哥哥像是在考虑什么事。
She seems to have known it．她好像已经知道了。
She seems to have been struggling in the water for a long time．她好像已经在水里挣扎了很久。
(2)在be said/reported/known后。
eg：He is said to be very kind．据说他很善良。
She is said to have gone abroad．据说她出国了。
．He is said to have been praised at the meeting．据说他在会上受到表扬。
高中英语语法复习讲义——动词不定式一.相关知识点精讲:1. 不定式作补语1) 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。
例如：例如;Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
The officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。
注意：有些动词如make，have，get，want等可用不定式作做宾补，也可用分词作宾补。
现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2) 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般可以省去。
例如：例如：We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
We know him to be a fool. 我们知道他是个笨蛋。
(to be 不能省去)典型例题Charles Babbage is generally considered___ the first computer.A. to inventB. inventingC. to have inventedD. having invented答案：C. 一般没有consider+宾语+be以外不定式的结构，也没有consider+宾语+doing的结构，排除A、B、D。
consider用动词be以外的不定式作宾补时，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故选C。
3) 有些动词可以跟there +to be的结构。
例如：例如：We didn't expect there to be so many people there. 我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
You wouldn’t want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧。
2. 不定式作主语不定式作主语，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。
例如：It's so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
It's very kind of you to help us.他帮助我们，他真好。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
但是，用不定式作主语的句子中还有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型。
另外，这样的句子，不能用动名词作表语。
3. It's for sb.和It's of sb.这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。
1)for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如：It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2)of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
例如：It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
用for还是用of 的另一种辨别方法：用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。
如果通顺用of，不通则用for。
例如：You are nice.(通顺，所以应用of)。
He is hard. (非所表达的意思，不通，因此用for。
)4. 不定式作表语不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。
例如：My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天清扫房间。
His dream is to be a doctor. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。
5. 不定式作定语不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。
例如：I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。
There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上(他回家时)两手空空。
6. 不定式作状语1)目的状语常用结构为to do , only to do(仅仅为了), in order to do,so as to do,s o(such)…as to…(如此…以便…)。
例如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。
2)作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。
I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。
He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。
3) 表原因I'm glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。
She wept to see the sight. 她一看到这情形就哭了。
4)表示理由和条件He must be a fool to say so.You will do well to speak more carefully.7.用作介词的toto 可以用作介词，也可用作不定式的标示。
下面的to 都用作介词：8. 省去to 的动词不定式1) 情态动词( 除ought 外) 后。
2) 使役动词let, have, make后，感官动词see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。
注意：被动语态中不能省去to。
例如：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。
He was seen to dance.The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。
They were made to wor k the whole night.3) would rather，had better句型后4) Why… / why no…句型后5) help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：6) but和except后。
but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。
比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。
7) 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：8) 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。
例如：He is supposed (to be) nice.他应该是个好人。
9.动词不定式的否定式在不定式标志to前加上not。
例如：Tell him not to shut the window。
让他别关窗。
She pr etended not to see me when I p assed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。
10.不定式的特殊句型too…to…1)too…to太…以至于…。
例如：He is too excited to speak. 他太激动了，说不出话来。
---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.不用了。
这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。
谢谢。
2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意为"不太"。
例如：It's nev er too late to mend.改过不嫌晚。
(谚语)3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常…等于very。
例如：I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 能帮助你我非常高兴。
He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
11. 不定式的特殊句型so as to1) 表示目的;它的否定式是so as not to do。
例如：Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。
Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。
2)表示结果。
例如：Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 劳驾，现在几点了。
12. 不定式的特殊句型Why not"Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" "干吗不……?"。
例如：Why not take a holiday? 干吗不去度假?13.不定式的时态和语态1) 一般式表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后，例如He seems to know this. 他似乎知道这事。
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.我希望再见到你。
2) 完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
例如：I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble. 很抱歉，给你添了那么多的麻烦。
He seems to have caught a cold. 他好像已经得了感冒。
3) 进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
