2020版初中英语语法--15 状语和状语从句
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初中英语语法之状语从句类型及考点讲义状语从句概念解析状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子,可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子,可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句,是英语复合句学习的一个重点,在各类考试中都会经常出现,这次就来给大家讲解一下什么是状语从句。
1. 时间状语从句:常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when instantlyI ran into the classroom as soon as the bell rang.2. 地点状语从句:常用引导词:where特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhereWherever the sea is , you will find seamen.3. 原因状语从句:常用引导词:because=in that, since=now that, as, for特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given thatI 'm late because I didn't caught the bus.4. 目的状语从句:常用引导词:so that, in order that特殊引导词: for fear that(唯恐/生怕),in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatYou should book the hotel in advance so that the travel will be more easy.5.结果状语从句:常用引导词:so … that, such … that特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree thatHe is so young that he can't have meal by himself.6. 条件状语从句:常用引导词:if, unless,特殊引导词:as/so long as(只要), only if, providing/provided that(倘若), supposing that(倘若), in case that(以防), on condition thatYou can go to London as long as you have passport.7.让步状语从句:常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词: as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while,no matter …, in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever, as if=as thoughThough we are old, we still can do these by ourselves.8. 比较状语从句:常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词:the more …the more …; just as …,so…,no … more than; not A so much as BShe is as pretty as her mother.9. 方式状语从句:常用引导词:as, as if, how特殊引导词:the wayHe didn't so it the way his brother did.辨析:while,when,as三者引导的时间状语从句时间状语从句算是状语从句中最简单的一类,也是我们日常生活交流中最常用的一类,虽然难度不大,但引导词也不少,仍然有不少同学会弄混那几个常见引导词的用法,这次就为大家带来as,when,while这几个词的辨析方法,一起看看吧。
状语从句1.概念:在句子中作状语的从句叫作状语从句。
状语从句都是由从属连词引导的。
2.分类:状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句九种。
3.常见考点:when意为“当……时”、“在……之后”,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生,从句中的动词可用延续性动词,也可用终止性动词。
例:When you are crossing the street, you must be careful.while译为“与……同时,在…….期间”。
while引导的从句中的动词常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。
例:They rushed in while we were discussing problems.as引导时间状语从句时可以表达“正当,一边……一边,随着”等意思。
①表示某事一发生,另一事随即发生。
例:As the sun rose the fog disappeared.②表示某事发生的过程中另一事发生。
例:I heard their voices as I crossed the hall.③表示两个动作同时发生。
例:He smiled as he passed.before引导的时间状语从句表示主句动作发生在从句的动作之前,反之用after。
例:Did she leave a message before she went?until/till引导时间状语从句,表示“直到”,常可换用,主句的谓动是延续性动词时,主句用肯定形式表这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止。
例:You may say here until the rain stops.注意:主句谓动是非延续性动词时,用否定形式表主句的谓语所表示的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。
构成句式not..until…,有时不用not,而用其他如never,,nothing等表示否定的词。
初中英语知识点归纳状语从句的分类和用法状语从句是英语语法中重要的一部分,它用来修饰主句的动作或描述情况的,在句子中起着状语的作用。
状语从句分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句等。
下面将对初中英语中常见的状语从句分类和用法进行归纳。
一、时间状语从句时间状语从句用来表示动作或事件发生的时间,包括连词when (当...时候),while (在...时候),before (在...之前),after (在...之后),as (当),since (自从),until (直到)等。
时间状语从句一般放在主句之前或者之后。
例如:- When I was young, I used to play soccer with my friends. (当我年轻的时候,我常常和朋友们踢足球。
)- After she finished her homework, she went to bed. (她完成作业之后,去睡觉了。
)二、条件状语从句条件状语从句用来表示主句动作的条件或前提,包括连词if (如果),unless (除非),in case (以防),as long as (只要),provided/providing (只要)等。
条件状语从句一般放在主句之前。
例如:- If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. (如果明天下雨,我们就在家呆着。
)- Unless you work hard, you won't pass the exam. (除非你努力学习,否则你就不能通过考试。
)三、原因状语从句原因状语从句用来表示主句动作或情况的原因,包括连词because (因为),as (因为),since (因为),for (因为),now that (既然)等。
原因状语从句一般放在主句之前。
例如:- Because it was raining, we stayed at home. (因为下雨,我们呆在家里。
人教版2020届中考英语语法突破专题——《状语从句》状语从句从字面意思来理解就是句子的状语由一个从句充当,它通常用来修饰主句中的动词,形容词或副词所处的状态。
状语从句都由从属连词引导,与主句连接,放在句末时,一般不在前面加逗号,从句的意思是和主句一起,构成一个句子,若是两个句子,其中间必须用逗号。
(复习时可以考虑把连词和状语从句放在一起复习,因为两者有交集)状语从句根据它表示的意思可分为时间、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、比较(中考基本不考)等。
下面我们拣重点的一个一个来分析。
时间状语从句:是由when, as, while, after, before, since, until, as soon as 等从属连词引导的状语从句。
时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时,只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。
如:I will call you as soon as I arrive there.(记住一个口诀在时间状语从句中注意主将从现,即主句用将来时,从句用现在时,中考必考)原因状语从句:because, since, as和for都表示原因。
常常令我们不知该用哪个好。
我们来比较一下。
because语势最强,回答why提出的问题,用来说明人所不知的原因。
当能够很明显的看出原因或人们已知原因,就用as或since。
如:I don't like that coat,because the color looks terrible. 由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。
但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。
如:He is not here, because / for his mother is ill.(与连词相关)条件状语从句:由if引导的条件状语从句。
if 意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句时,表示假如有从句的动作发生就(不)会有主句的动作发生。
初中英语语法宾语、定语、状语从句总结- 1 -宾语从句一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、连接词that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.只用whether的情况:1. 与or not连用:I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连用:He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.3. 连接词前有介词时:It depends>三、时态1. 主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。
1)She said that she was a student.2)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3)She said that she had finished her homework already.3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.- 2 -定语从句一、定义在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。
二、先行词先行词指人who /that先行词指物which/ that定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后三、关系代词关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分,所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词四、翻译方法“….的”Whom: 先行词指人,则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语), 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.Whose : 指人或物,作定语,表示“…的”eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.关系代词只能that 的特殊情况:1.先行词前有序数词修饰时:This is the first gift that my parents bought me.2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时:This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.5. 先行词被all , little , the>e.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头,只能用that引导.Who is the girl that is making a speech>当关系代词前使用介词时:物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词+ whom当关系代词前使用介词时:e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.- 3 -状语从句一、定义在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语,或是整个句子。
初中英语语法条件状语从句篇一:初中英语语法归纳(状语从句)初中英语语法归纳:状语从句为了提高同学们的英语复习效率,中国教育在线整理了初中英语语法之状语从句,状语从句是用来修饰主句中的动词,副词和形容词的从句。
根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句,地点状语从句,条件状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,比较状语从句,目的状语从句,让步状语从句。
1. 时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。
例如:It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
例如:I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he es back.He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到……时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。
如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。
2020中考英语:状语从句之语法时态中考备考的方法有哪些?下面由小编为你精心准备了“2020中考英语:状语从句之语法时态”,持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020中考英语:状语从句之语法时态一、时态说明1)在时间和条件状语从句中,通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态:I won’t go if it rains tomorrow. 要是明天下雨,我就不去。
(不能用will rain)2)有时也可见到if you will 这样的说法,但那不是将来时态,而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(此时的 will是情态动词):If you will wait a moment, I’ll fetch the money. 请等一下,我就去拿钱。
二、常见类型状语从句即指在主从复合句中用作状语的从句。
状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句等:He was angry because I was late. 他很生气因为我迟到了。
(原因状语从句)He was so angry that he couldn’t speak. 他气得话都说不出来。
(结果状语从句)Although he is poor, he’s happy. 虽然穷,但他仍很快乐。
(让步状语从句)Put it where you can reach it. 把它放在你可以拿到的地方。
(地点状语从句)Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 讲清楚些,以便他们能理解你。
(目的状语从句)。
2020中考英语英语语法总复习状语从句2020中考英语英语语法总复习状语从句十五、状语从句一:什么是状语从句?用一个句子(从句)来作另一个句子(主句)的状语,用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。
作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。
例如:条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。
二:状语从句的分类。
1. 时间状语从句用法要点。
凡是从句都必须有引导词,引导时间状语从句的词有 when, before, after, until, as soon as, while 等,具体用法如下:1. when 意为“当……时”,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。
例如: I feel very happy when you come to see me.你(们)来看我时,我感到很高兴。
When you are crossing the street, you must be careful. 你(们)过街道时,一定要小心。
when引导的时间状语从句,when的从句可以用延续性动词,也可以用点动词。
如:He was working at the table when I went in. 当我进去的时候,他正在桌旁工作。
Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 当我正在睡觉时,有人敲门。
注:when也可以作并列连词,表示一个动词正在进行的时候,突然间发生了另外一件事。
eg.I was fishing by the river , when someone called for help.我正在河边钓鱼,就在那时有人求救。
We were working in the chemistry lab, when the lights went out.我们正在化学实验室工作,突然灯都熄灭了。
2. before 意为“在……之前”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。
初中英语知识点归纳常用的状语从句和状语从句句型状语从句是英语语法中常见且重要的一部分。
了解常用的状语从句和句型能够帮助初中学生更好地理解和运用英语语言。
本文将归纳常用的状语从句和状语从句句型,并且给出一些例句来帮助读者更好地理解。
1. 时间状语从句(Time clauses):时间状语从句用来描述一个动作或事件发生的时间。
常用的引导词有when, while, as soon as, before, after, until等。
例句:- You can go out to play when you finish your homework.- He called me while I was cooking dinner.- As soon as she arrived, the party started.- Before you leave, don't forget to turn off the lights.- After she finished her work, she went to bed.- I will wait until you come back.2. 地点状语从句(Place clauses):地点状语从句用来描述一个动作或事件发生的地点。
常用的引导词有wherever, wherever, anywhere等。
例句:- You can sit wherever you like in the classroom.- Let's go out and have a picnic wherever the weather is nice.- She can find her keys anywhere except in her bag.3. 原因状语从句(Reason clauses):原因状语从句用来描述一个动作或事件发生的原因。
常用的引导词有because, since, as等。
第15章状语从句I. 状语1. 状语除了在基本句型(主语+不及物动词vi.+状语)和(主语+vt.+宾语sth./sb.+状语)结构中卫句子的主要成分外,在句子中均是一种修饰成分,可以修饰动词,或整个句子。
2. 状语通常由副词、介词不定式和分词等表示,形容词和名词词组有时也可作状语。
当用一个句子作状语时,这个句子即为状语从句。
3. 如果句子同时又几个状语修饰,方式状语在前,其次是地点状语,时间状语放在最后。
专项训练1I. 从方框内选出单词,用其适当形式填空,没词限用一次。
far hard real serious complete good slow excite ordinary import1.He is __________ a good student.2.The girl runs __________ in her class.3.Several workers were __________ injured in the accident.4.The tiger could __________ breathe with the snake around.5.__________, of course, we could telephone first.6.She behaves __________ in her class.7.My brother travels __________ than I.8.In the north of the country, it is __________ freezing.9.When we heard our football team won the match, we all jumped __________.10.Most __________, the teacher should make the meaning of the article clear to the students. 【答案】1. really 2. the most slowly 3. seriously 4. hardly 5. Ordinarily6. best7. farther8. completely9. excitedly 10. importantlyII. 按要求改写句子,每空限填一词。
1.My father gets up at six every morning. (对划线部分提问)__________ __________does your father get up every morning?2.Heilongjiang is located in the north of China. (对划线部分提问)__________ is Heilongjiang __________?3.You may keep the magazine for two more days. (对划线部分提问)__________ __________ may I keep the magazine.4.The car turned right. (对划线部分提问)__________ __________ the car turn?5.The postage for the parcel cost seventy yuan.(对划线部分提问)__________ __________ did the postage for the parcel cost?6.They organize the film festivals once a year. (对划线部分提问)__________ __________ do they organize the film festival?7.I weigh 56 kilos. (对划线部分提问)__________ __________ do you weigh?8.After the holiday, we returned fresh and strong.(对划线部分提问)__________ __________ you return after the holiday?9.They ran all the way to catch the last bus. (对划线部分提问)__________ __________ they run all the way?10.Carbon dioxide is produced by burning fuels. (对划线部分提问)__________ __________ carbon dioxide produced?【答案】1. What time 2. Where, located 3. How long 4. Where, did 5. How much6. How often7. How much8. How did9. Why did 10. How isII. 时间状语和时间状语从句1. 时间状语通常由副词、介词短语和分词表示,也用状语从句表示。
2. 时间状语从句可由连词when,as,while,before,after,until,till,since,as soon as,by the time等引导。
叙述两件事情同时进行时,多用while表示。
表示事态及状况的变化和进展时,则用as表示。
3. 状语从句的时态必须与主句保持一致,如果带有时间状语从句的复合句的主句为一般将来时,时间状语从句用一般现在时。
专项训练2I. 用所给动词的适当时态填空。
1. Please call me as soon as he_________ (finish) his work.2. I___________ (not understand) the problem until the teacher explained it.3. Mike__________ (write) a report when I telephoned him yesterday.4. We_________ (be) good friends since we met at school.5. When she comes next time, I__________ (tell) her everything.6. Before the film began, all the tickets __________(sell) out7. As soon as he got home, he ___________(drink) a glass of cold water.8. The shop assistant was arguing with the customer when I _______(go) into the food section.9. The criminal______(capture)when he tried to escape from the city.10. By the time he graduated from college, he_________ (become) a Party member.【答案】1. finishes 2. didn’t understand 3. was writing 4. has been5. will tell6. were sold ( had been sold)7. drank8. went 9. was captured 10. had becomeII. 按要求改写句子,每空限填一词。
1. He came here two minutes late. (对划线部分提问)__________ __________ did he come here?2. My mother returned home a moment ago.(保持句意不变)My mother returned home __________ __________.3. Dr Bethune stayed in the hospital after the work was over. (保持原句意思)Dr Bethune didn’t __________ the hospital __________ the work was over.4. The students go home after school. (保持原句意思)The students go home after __________ __________.5. We got tired after we walked a long way. (保持原句意思)We got tired __________ __________ a long way.6. Jane didn’t go to bed until eleven o' clock. (保持原句意思)Jane didn't go to bed until __________ __________ eleven o'clock.7. Water turns into steam when the temperature gets to 1000C . (保持原句意思)Water __________ turn into steam __________ the temperature gets 1000C.8. Alice began to play the piano when she was four.(保持句意不变)Alice began to play the piano __________ __________ __________ of four.9. As a girl, she could swim across the Huangpu River.__________ she was a girl, she __________ __________ __________ swim across the Huangpu River.10. When she was going home, a lovely cat caught his eye.__________ __________ __________ home,he __________ a lovely cat.【答案】1. How late 2. just now 3. leave, until 4. is over 5. after walking 6. it was7. doesn’t, until 8. at the age 9. when, was able to10. On his way, saw ( noticed )III. 地点状语和地点状语从句1. 地点状语通常由副词和介词短语表示,也用状语从句表示。