研究生基础综合英语1-4全文(中英文对照) 邱少林版

Unit 11.Our youngest,a word-class charmer,did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by Unti l Mrs.Stifer.我们的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷,学习不怎么动脑筋,但是总是能蒙混过关,直到Mrs.Stifer成为他的老师,这种局面才得以改变.2.No one seems to stop to think that ----no matter what environment they come from---most kids don’t put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at stake.似乎没有人停下来想想看,无论还在来自何种环境,他们当中大多数若不是发现情况到了危机关头,才不会把功课当成头等大事呢。

3.Of average intelligence or above ,they eventually quit school,concluding they were too dumb to finish这些学生智力水平至少也算中等,但是最终都退学,他们总结说自己太笨,学不下去了.4.Young people generally don’t have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it年轻人往往不够成熟,不会像我的成年学生那样重视教育5.It is an expression of confidence by both teachers and parents that student have the ability to learn the material presented to them.这表明老师和家长都对学生有信心,相信他们能够学好发给他们的学习资料.6.This means no more doing Scott’s assignments for him because he might fail . No more passing Jodi because she’s such a nice kid.这意味着再也不要因为担心斯科特会不及格而替他做作业,再也不要因为朱迪是个乖孩子而放她过关.Unit 21.I had always dreamed of being proposed to in a Parisian cafe , under dazzling stars , like the one in a Van Gogh knockoff that hangs in my studio apartment .Instead , my boyfriend asked me to marry him while I was Windexing the bathroom mirror.我一直有这样的梦想,星光灿烂的晚上,在一家巴黎咖啡馆就像梵高所画的“一夜的咖啡馆”我的工作室墙上就有一幅此画的翻本，然而我男朋友却在我用的“稳得新”擦洗卫生间镜子的时候叫我嫁给他。

课后文章翻译Unit 1李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力,但英语成绩不佳,每次只能勉强及格.老师警告他,英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌:如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关.老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。

李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。

Li Ming was a chemistry major，a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament。

However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more，she showed her trump card：if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him。

He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma, otherwise，even after graduation from university，he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure，he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake。

Unit 1Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational-repair shops — adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing.最后，少数幸运者会进入教育维修车间—— 成人识字课程，我教的一门关于基础语法和写作的课程就属于这种性质.…prior to teaching this class I blamed the poor academic skills our kids have today on drugs, divorce and other impediments to concentration necessary for doing well in school在教这门课之前，我将孩子们的学力能力差归咎于毒品、离婚Mrs. Stifter looked at me steely-eyed over her glasses史蒂夫特夫人从眼镜上方冷冷地看着我…at night school I see a parade of students who are angry and resentful for having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up我在夜校中看见了一群愤怒、怨恨的学生，他们愤恨的原因是学校让他们一路混，直到他们甚至都无法再假装跟得上Passing students who have not mastered the work cheats them and the employers who expect graduates to have basic skills让没有掌握本领的学生通过考核，既欺骗了他们,也欺骗了期望毕业生拥有基本技能的雇主Young people generally don‟t have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it年轻人往往不够成熟，不会像我的成人学生们那样重视教育But fear of failure, whether economic or academic, can motivate both但是对于失败的恐惧，无论这种恐惧是经济方面的还是学术方面的，都能对年轻人和成年人起到激励作用Flunking as a regular policy has just as much merit today as it did two generations ago让学生不及格，作为一种常规手段，其优点在今天依然和两代之前一样多It would mean facing the tough reality that passing kids who haven‟t learned the material — while it might save them grief for the short term — dooms them to long-term illiteracy这意味着要面对一个严酷的现实，即让没有学会知识的孩子通过考试—— 虽然从短期看可以让他们免受痛苦—— 却注定会让他们长期饱受不会读写之苦Unit 2My ivory silk gown was being quarantined somewhere in Singapore我订的象牙色的丝绸礼服被隔离在新加坡的某个地方I switched from navigating wedding plans to navigating the health-care system我从操办婚礼转向指导保健After consulting with doctors, we learned that stomach surgery was Mom’s only option. We took the first opening.咨询医生后，我们得知胃部手术是妈妈唯一的选择。

第一单元?如何发表演说斯蒂芬·卢卡斯? ???? 在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。

通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。

确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。

和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。

????? 优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。

语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。

作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。

?如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。

在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。

碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。

当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。

?如果语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。

鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。

?准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。

有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。

通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想像。

明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。

暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。

?另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。

有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。

排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。

研究生英语综合教程下册1,4,5,6单元课文翻译研究生英语综合教程（下）系列教材翻译参考译文全章节Unit 1幸福隐藏的另一面凯思琳？麦克高恩1. 咫风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。

但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。

他们可能都会这样说：“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。

2. 我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中：在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。

对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。

实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活之后与某种方式的改变。

3. 诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。

这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理：大难不死，意志弥坚。

创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。

在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。

更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来一甚至最终会成功发达。

4. 那些经受住苦难打击的人是有关幸福悖论的生动例证：为了尽可能地过上最好的生活，我们所需要的不仅仅是愉悦的感受。

我们这个时代的人对幸福的追求已经缩小到只追求福气：一生没有烦恼，没有痛苦和困惑。

5. 这种对幸福的平淡定义忽略了问题的主要方面一种富有意义的生活所带来的那种丰富、完整的愉悦。

那就是幸福背后隐藏的那种本质一是我们在明智的男男女女身上所欣赏到并渴望在我们自己生活中培育的那种不可言喻的品质。

事实证明，一些遭受苦难最多的人-他们被迫全力应付他们未曾预料到的打击，并重新思考他们生活的意义一或许对那种深刻的、给人以强烈满足感的人生经历（哲学家们过去称之为对“美好生活”的探寻）最有发言权。

Unit One：EducationText：In Praise of the F Word对F的赞美Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won’t look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates.Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate.今年，将有成千上万的18岁学生毕业并被授于毫无意义的文凭。

这些文凭对每个人都是一样的,没有一点差别，而不管学生的成绩如何.但当雇主发现他们没有实际能力时，文凭的有效性就会被质疑。

Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational repair shops-adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high school graduates and high school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school . They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.即使少数幸运的人找到了成人进修的地方，像我教语法和写作的地方。

研究生基础综合英语1-4全文（中英文对照）邱少林版Unit One：EducationText：In Praise of the F Word对F的赞美Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaningless diplomas. These diplomas won’t look any different from those awarded their luckier classmates.Their validity will be questioned only when their employers discover that these graduates are semiliterate.今年，将有成千上万的18岁学生毕业并被授于毫无意义的文凭。

这些文凭对每个人都是一样的,没有一点差别，而不管学生的成绩如何.但当雇主发现他们没有实际能力时，文凭的有效性就会被质疑。

Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational repair shops-adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high school graduates and high school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school . They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.即使少数幸运的人找到了成人进修的地方，像我教语法和写作的地方。

Unit 1 对F的赞美1今年将有好几万的十八岁青年毕业，他们都将被授予毫无意义的文凭。

这些文凭看上去跟颁发给比他们幸运的同班同学的文凭没什么两样.只有当雇主发现这些毕业生是半文盲时，文凭的效力才会被质疑。

2最后，少数幸运者会进入教育维修车间——成人识字课程，我教的一门关于基础语法和写作的课程就属于这种性质。

在教育维修车间里，高中毕业生和高中辍学生将学习他们本该在学校就学好的技能，以获得同等学力毕业证书。

他们还将发现他们被我们的教育体系欺骗了。

3在我教课的过程中，我对我们的学校教育深有了解。

在每学期开始的时候,我会让我的学生写一下他们在学校的不快体验.这种时候学生不会有任何写作障碍！“我希望当时有人能让我停止吸毒，让我学习。

"“我喜欢参加派对，似乎没人在意.”“我是一个好孩子，不会制造任何麻烦，于是他们就让我考试通过，及时我阅读不好,也不会写作。

”很多诸如此类的抱怨。

4我基本是一个空想社会改良家，在教这门课之前我将孩子们的学习能力差归咎于毒品、离婚和其他妨碍注意力集中的东西，要想学习好就必须集中注意力。

但是，我每一次走进教室都会再度发现，一个老师在期望学生全神贯注之前,他必须先吸引学生的注意力，无论附近有什么分散注意力的东西。

要做到这点,有很多种办法，它们与教学风格有很大的关系。

然而,单靠风格无法起效，有另一个办法可以显示谁是在教室里掌握胜局的人。

这个办法就是亮出失败的王牌。

5我永远也忘不了一位老师亮出那张王牌以吸引我的一个孩子的注意.我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关.直到施蒂夫特夫人当了他的老师，这种局面才彻底改变了。

6当她教我儿子英语时，我儿子是一个高中高年级学生。

“他坐在后排和他的朋友说话.”她告诉我。

“你为什么不把他换到前排来？”我恳求道。

我相信令他难堪的做法会让他安心学习。

施蒂夫特夫人从眼睛上方冷冷地看着我.“我不会换高年级学生的座位."她说，“我会给他们不及格的成绩."我大感紧张。

研究生学术综合英语上册U n i t1-4课文及翻译全---请叫我雷锋Unit1Presenting a SpeechStephen Lucas Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through language we share experiences, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to thinking itself. Contrary to popular belief,language does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality by giving meaning to events.Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any otherprofession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meanings of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly, vividly, and appropriately.Using language accurately is as vital to a speaker as using numbers accurately is to an accountant. Never use a word unless you are sure of its meaning. If you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary. As you prepare your speeches, ask yourself constantly, “What do I really want to say? What do I really mean?” Choose words thatare precise and accurate.Using language clearly allows listeners to grasp your meaning immediately. You can ensure this by using familiar words that are known to the average person and require no specialized background; by choosing concrete words in preference to more abstract ones, and by eliminating verbal clutter.Using language vividly helps bring your speech to life. One way to make your language more vivid is through imagery, or the creation of word pictures. You can develop imagery by using concrete language, simile, and metaphor. Simile is an explicit comparison between things that are essentially different yet have something in common; it always contains the words “like”or “as.”Metaphor is an implicitcomparison between things that are different yet have something in common; it does not contain the words “like” or “as.”Another way to make your speeches vivid is by exploiting the rhythm of language. Four devices for creating rhythm are parallelism, repetition, alliteration, and antithesis. Parallelism is the similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences. Repetition is the use of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences. Alliteration comes from repeating the initial consonant sounds of close or adjoining words. Antithesis is the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure.Using language appropriately means adapting to the particular occasion, audience, and topic at hand. It also means developing your own language style instead of trying to copy someone else’s. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is much more likely to succeed.Good speeches are not composed of hot air and unfounded assertions. They need strong supporting materials to bolster the speaker’s point of view. In fact, the skillfuluse of supporting materials often makes the difference between a good speech and a poor one. The three basic types of supporting materials are examples, statistics and testimony.In the course of a speech you may use brief examples —specific instances referred to in passing — and sometimes you may want to give several brief examples in a row to create a stronger impression. Extended examples —often called illustrations, narratives, or anecdotes —are longer and more detailed. Hypotheticalexamples describe imaginary situations and can be quite effective for relating ideas to the audience. All three kinds of examples help to clarify ideas, to reinforce ideas, or to personalize ideas.To be more effective, though, they should be vivid and richly textured.Statistics can be extremely helpful in conveying your message, as long as you use them sparingly and explain them so they are meaningful to your audience. Above all, you should understand your statistics and use them fairly. Numbers can easily be manipulated and distorted. Make sure that your figures are representative of what they claim to measure, that you use statistical measures correctly, and that you take statistics only from reliable sources.Testimony is especially helpful for student speakers, because they are seldom recognized as experts on their speech topics. Citing the views of people who are experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible. When you include testimony in a speech, you can either quote someone verbatim or paraphrase their words. As with statistics, there are guidelines for using testimony. Be sure to quote or paraphrase accurately and to cite qualified unbiased sources. If the source is not generally known to your audience, be certain to establish his or her credentials.The impact of a speech is strongly affected by how the speech is delivered. You cannot make a good speech without having something to say. But having something to say is not enough. You must also know how to say it. Good delivery does not call attention to itself. It conveys the speaker’s ideas clearly, interestingly, and withoutdistracting the audience.There are four basic methods of delivering a speech: reading verbatim from a manuscript, reciting a memorized text, speaking with PowerPoint, and speaking extemporaneously, or impromptu. The last of these － speaking extemporaneously －is the method you probably will use for classroom speeches and for most speeches outside the classroom. When speaking extemporaneously, you will have only a brief set of notes or a speaking outline. Speaking with PowerPoint is widely used now andvery effective indeed.Certainly there are other factors you should consider, such as personal appearance, bodily action, gestures, eye contact, volume, pauses and so on. By paying enough attention to what is mentioned above, you may present an effective speech.第一单元如何发表演说斯蒂芬·卢卡斯在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。