专八考试之文学常识
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Common Sense on English LiteratureAuthor(Comment)Works England’s national epic The Song of Beowulf(3182lines)Geoffrey Chaucer—“father of Englishpoetry”The Canterbury tales General Prologue;Popular Ballads; Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale;Get Up and Bar the Door;Sir Parrick SpensHumanist Thomas More(Renaissance)Utopia Edmund Spenser(1552-1599)The Fairy QueenWilliam Shakespeare(1564-1616)37plays,154sonnetsThe4great tragedies:Hamlet,King Lear,Macbeth&OthelloThe Comedy of Errors,Love’s Labour’s Lost,A Midsummer Night’s Dream,The Merchant of Venice,(Shylock,evil; Portia,judge)Much Ado About NothingThe Merry Wives of WindsorAs You Like It,All’s Well That Ends WellTimon of Athens,The Winter’s Tale,The TempestFrancis Bacon(1561—1626)Philosophical works:Advancement of LearningLiterary works(Of Truth;Of Studies; Of death;Of Revenge,Of Friendship)Maxims of the Law; Reading on the Statute of Uses(the largest and most important of his professional works.John Milton(1608—1774)Paradise Lost(12books)Paradise RegainedSonnet:On His BlindnessSonnet:On His Deceased Wife John Bunyan(1628—1688)The Pilgrim’s Progress Daniel Defoe(1661—1731)Robinson Crusoe(1719) Johnathan Swift(1667—1745)Gulliver’s Travels;A Modest Proposal Joseph Addison(1672—1719)The Tatler;The Spectator Henry Fielding(1707—1754)The History of Tom Jones,a FoundlingThomas Gray(1716—1771)Elegy Written in a CountryChurchyard(the best poem in Emglish)Oliver Goldsmith(1728-1774),a versatile authorThe Vicar of Wakefield(novel) She Stoops to Conquer(comedy) The Citizen of the World(essays) The Traveler&The DesertedVillage(two poems)Richard Brinsley Sheridan(1751-1816)The School for ScandalThe Rivals(comedy)The critic(Farce)William Blake(1757-1827),the most independent and the most original romantic poet of the18th centuryThe Songs of ExperienceThe Songs of Innocence London;The Chimney SweeperRobert Burns(1759-1796),whose poetry is bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh of the Scottish common people My heart’s In the Highland John Anderson,My JoA Red,Red RoseTo A MouseWilliam Wordsworth(1770-1850)Romancist Lyrical Ballads:Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey;The Prelude;The Excursion;The Solitary Reaper; She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways;I Wandered Lonely As a CloudGeorge Gordon,Lord Byron(1788-1824)Don Juan(satire masterpiece) She Walks in Beauty Childe Harold’s Pigrimage Manfred,Cain(dramas)Percy Bysshe Shelley(1792-1822)Ode to the West WindTo a Sky-lark;Ozymandias;Men of EnglandPrometheus Unbound John Keats(1795-1821)Ode to a NightingaleOde on a Grecian UrnOn First Looking into Chapman’sTo Autumn;Bright Star;Homer(sonnet) Walter Scott(1771-1832)Ivanhoe;Rob RoyJane Austen(1775-1817)Pride and PrejudiceCharles Lamb(1775-1834)Tales From Shakespeare(Last)Essays of Elia—Dissertation on Roast PigDream-Children:a ReveriePoor RelationOliver Twist;Little Dorrit;Charles Dickens(1812-1870)Pickwick Papers Great Expectation A Tale of Two Cities;Hard Times David Copperfield; The Old Curiosity ShopWilliam Makepeace Thackeray(1811-1863)Vanity Fair(Novel Without a Hero) George Eliot(1819-1880)Adam Bede Charlotte Bronte(1816-1855)Jane EyreEmily Bronte(1818-1848)Wuthering HeightsThomas Hood(1799-1845)The Song of the Shirt;The Bridge of Sighs Alfred,Lord Tennyson(1809-1892)Ulysses;Break,Break,Break;Crossing The Bar Robert Browning(1812-1889)My Last Duchess;Home-Thoughts,from Abroad Elizabeth Barrett Browning(1806-1861)Sonnets from the PortugueseThomas Hardy(1840-1928)Tess of the D’Urbervilles Jude the Obscure The Return of the Native The Mayor of CasterbridgeJohn Galsworthy(1867-1933)The Forsyte SagaThe Man of PropertyOscar Wilde(1854-1900) Aestheticism.Art for Art’s SakeThe Portrait of Dorian Gray Comedies:Lady Windermere’s Fan;A Woman of No Importance;An Ideal Husband;The Important of Being EarnestGeorge Bernard Shaw(1856-1950)Arms and the ManMrs.Warren’s Professionwrence(1885-1930)Lady Chatterlay’s Lover;The Rainbow;Sons and Lovers Virginia Woolf(1882-1941)Mrs.Dalloway;Jacob’s Room;To the Lighthouse;The Waves;The Common Reader James Joyce(1882-1941)Araby;Dubliners;UlyssesCommon Sense on American Literature Author(Comment)WorksCaptain John Smith(the first American writer)A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony;A Map of Virginia:with a Description of the CountryWilliam Bradford The History of Plymouth Plantation John Winthrop The History of New England;Journal Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790)Poor Richard’s AlmanacAutobiography;Collected Works Thomas Paine(1737-1809)(Great Commoner of Mankind)American Crisis;The Age of Reason Thomas Jefferson(1743-1826)The Declaration of IndependencePhilip Freneau(1752-1832)Father of American Poetry The Wild Honey Suckle The Indian Burying Ground To a Caty-DidWashington Irving(1783-1859)The Author’s Account of HimselfThe Legend of Sleepy Hollow James Fenimore Cooper(1789-1851)Leatherstocking Tales:The Deerslayer,The Last Mohicans,The Pathfinder,The Pioneers;The PrarieWilliam Cullen Bryant(1794-1878)Thanatopsis;To a WaterfrowlEdgar Allen Poe(1809-1849)To Helen;The Raven;Annabel Lee; The Fall of the House of Usher Tales of the Grotesque and ArabesqueRalph Waldo Emerson(1803-1882)Nature;Self-Reliance;The American scholar;The Divinity School Address; Representative Men;English TraitsHenry David Thoreau(1817-1862)Walden;Civil Disobedience Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864)The Scarlet Letter Herman Melville(1819-1891)Moby-DickHenry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882)A Psalm of Life;The Slave’s dream; My Lost Youth;The Song of HiawathaWalt Whitman Song of Myself;I sit and Look Out;Beat!Beat!Drums!Emily Dickinson I taste a liquor never brewed;I felt a Funeral,in my brain;A Bird came down the Walk—I died for Beauty—but was scarceI heard a fly buzz—when I diedBecause I could not stop for Death Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s CabinMark Twain The Adventures of Tom SawyerThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn O.Henry The Cop and the AnthemHenry James The Portrait of A ladyJack London The sea Wolf;Martin Eden Theodore Dreiser Sister CarrieEzra Pound A Virginal;Salutation the second;A Pact;In a Station of the Metro The River-Merchant’s Wife;A LetterEdwin Arlington Robinson The House on the Hill;Richard Cory;Miniver Cheevy Robert Frost After Apple-PickingThe Road Not Taken;Departmental;Design;Stopping by Woods on a SnowyEvening;The Most of ItCarl Sandburg Chicago;The Harbor;Fog; Cool Tombs;Flash Crimson; The People,yesWallace Stevens Peter Quince at the Clavier Anecdote of the JarThe Emperor of Ice-CreamThomas Stearns Eliot The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock Journey of the MagiA Penny for the Old GuyF.Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby Ernest Hemingway A Farewell to Arms John Steinbeck The Grapes of Wrath William Faulkner A Rose for Emily。
专八文学常识1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. 音位学; 在语言或一门语言中,对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学, 音系学3. Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence stru cture are combined to form grammatical sentences. 句法,研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.语义学,以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学5. acronym : 首字母组合词,首字母缩略词,比如,NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它们可以连拼,但VOA是 Initialism。
6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for anot her with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United St ates government or of the sword for military power. 换喻或转喻,一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法,如用华盛顿代替美==或用剑代替军事力量,对面来了三个“红领巾”也是,以红领巾指代少先队员。
专八人文知识真题答案答案解析本文将针对专八人文知识真题进行答案解析,帮助读者更好地理解和掌握相关知识点。
一、古代文学古代文学是中国优秀文化遗产的重要组成部分,对于理解中国传统文化和思想具有重要意义。
其中,诗、词、曲是古代文学中的重要体裁。
1. 诗诗是古代文学的瑰宝,通过简洁而富有意境的语言表达了诗人的情感和思想。
唐代被誉为诗歌的黄金时代,诸如李白、杜甫、白居易等诗人的作品至今仍被广泛传诵。
2. 词词是一种以抒情为主的韵文体裁,在宋代达到了极高的艺术成就。
苏轼、辛弃疾等词人的作品以其直抒胸臆、婉约清丽的风格受到了广泛的赞誉。
3. 曲曲是中国戏曲中的重要组成部分,融合了音乐、舞蹈和表演等艺术形式。
元曲和京剧是中国曲艺的两个代表性流派,具有独特的审美风格和表演技巧。
二、中国古代哲学思想中国古代哲学思想是世界文化宝库的瑰宝,深深影响着中国人民的价值观和世界观。
1. 儒家思想儒家思想强调人伦关系和道德伦理,注重个人修养和家庭和谐。
儒家思想的核心思想是“仁”,提出了仁者爱人、以文化教化人、推崇中庸的理念。
2. 道家思想道家思想主张顺应自然、追求真道和无为而治。
道家强调宇宙规律和自然法则,提出了“道可道,非常道”和“无为而治”的观念。
3. 墨家思想墨家思想主张兼爱、非攻,反对战争和压迫。
墨家的核心思想是“非攻”和“兼爱”,主张用爱代替战争,实现社会和谐与人类共荣。
三、中国古代艺术中国古代艺术以其独特的审美风格和艺术表现形式而闻名于世。
1. 中国古代绘画中国古代绘画以山水画、花鸟画和人物画为主要表现形式,注重“意境”的呈现。
历史上有许多著名的绘画家,如吴道子、顾恺之等,他们的作品至今仍被广泛赞誉。
2. 中国古代书法中国古代书法是中国文化的瑰宝,以其独特的艺术形式和审美追求而备受推崇。
楷书、行书、草书和隶书等是中国古代书法的主要流派。
3. 中国古代音乐中国古代音乐以其独特的音律和表演形式而享誉世界。
传统的古琴、笛子、二胡等是中国古代音乐中的代表乐器,让人们感受到中国古代音乐的魅力。
专八人文知识总结人文知识广泛涵盖了人类文化、历史、艺术、哲学等领域的知识内容,是对人类智慧和精神创造的总结与归纳。
在专八考试中,人文知识是一个重要的考察点,下面将对人文知识进行总结与梳理。
一、文化艺术1. 中国传统文化:中国悠久的历史和深厚的文化底蕴是中华民族的瑰宝,包括中国儒家思想、道家思想、佛教文化、中国古代文学、绘画、书法以及传统音乐、舞蹈等。
这些都是中国文化的精髓,也是中国人民的精神支柱。
2. 西方文化:西方文化源远流长,包括希腊罗马文化、基督教文化、文艺复兴运动、启蒙运动、现代主义艺术等。
西方文化对世界文化的发展和影响不可忽视,它形成了独特的西方审美观和艺术风格。
3. 艺术形式与艺术家:艺术是人类精神的表达和创造,包括音乐、绘画、雕塑、建筑、文学等艺术形式。
世界上有很多伟大的艺术家,如达·芬奇、米开朗基罗、莎士比亚、贝多芬等,他们的作品影响了世界,并成为人类文化的瑰宝。
二、历史1. 世界古代史:古代文明的兴衰是人类社会发展的缩影,从埃及、希腊、罗马到中国、印度等,每个古代文明都有其独特的历史背景和文化特点。
了解这些古代文明对于理解人类文明发展的脉络和演变具有重要意义。
2. 中国近现代史:中国的近现代史经历了清朝的衰落、封建社会的瓦解、列强入侵、辛亥革命、抗日战争、解放战争和新中国的建立等重大事件。
深入了解中国近现代史,可以理解中国社会的变革和现代化进程。
3. 世界现代史:20世纪是世界历史上变革最为剧烈的时期,包括两次世界大战、冷战、殖民地解放、科技革命等重大事件。
掌握世界现代史的知识,可以理解世界格局的演变和国际关系的发展。
三、哲学思想1. 中国哲学思想:中国哲学思想独具特色,包括儒家思想、道家思想、墨家思想、法家思想、名家思想等。
这些思想体系对中国社会和人民的思维方式和行为准则产生了深远影响。
2. 西方哲学思想:西方哲学思想源远流长,包括柏拉图主义、亚里士多德主义、康德哲学、黑格尔哲学、存在主义等。
英语专八文学常识英语专八文学常识英国文学(English Literature)一、 Old and Medieval English Literature中古英语文学 (8世纪-14世纪)1) The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period古英语时期 (449-1066) a. pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- 最早的诗歌;长诗(3000行) heroism & fatalism & Christian qualities the folk legends of the primitive northern tribes; a heroic Scandinavian epic legend; 善-恶-有-报b. religious poetry: Caedmon(凯德蒙610-680): the first known religious poet; the father of English song Cynewulf(基涅武甫 9C): The Christc. 8th C, Anglo-Saxon prose: Venerable Bede(673-735); Alfred the Great(848-901)2) The Medieval Period 中世纪 (1066-ca.1485 / 1500):a. Romance 中世纪传奇故事 (1200-1500): the Middle Ages; 英雄诗歌无名诗人 - Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿色骑士》: Celtic legend; verse-romance; 2530 lines ~ 14th C, Age of Chaucer:* Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟1340-1400): 文风:vivid and exact language, his poetry is full of vigor and swiftness the father of English poetry; the father of English fiction; 首创“双韵体”; 首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家 The Canterbury Tales: pilgrims stories 受Boccaccio(薄伽丘) - Decameron《十日谈》启发The House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》(译作) * William Langland(朗兰1332-1400):The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗-议b.15th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471) : Morte d’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴(1500-1660): humanism 十四行诗,文艺复兴,无韵诗,伊丽莎白戏剧1) 诗歌 Henry Howard(霍华德 1516-1547)a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literatureb. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士1554-1586):代表了当时的理想 - “the complete man” Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》 Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern worldc.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代 - long allegorical romance 文风:a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd Calendar The Faerie Queen《仙后》:long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗), and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line.12) Prose 散文a. Thomas More(莫尔 1478-1535): 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人 Utopia《乌托邦》: More与海员的对话b. John Lyly (黎里 1553-160,剧作家&小说家):EupheusEuphuism(夸饰文体): Abundant use of balanced sentences, alliterations(头韵) and other artificial prosodic(韵律) means. The use of odd similes(明喻) and comparisonsc. Francis Bacon (培根 1561-1626):英国首位散文家,中世纪至现代欧洲时期; 近代唯物主义哲学奠基人和近代实验科学先驱the trumpeter of a new age; Essays(论说文集):Of Studies, Of Love, Of Beauty: the first true English prose classic3) 戏剧a. Christopher Marlowe(马洛 1564-1593): University Wits 大学才子派 Edward II;The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》first made blank verse(无韵诗:不押韵的五步诗) the principle instrument of English dramaThe Tragical History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》:根据德国民间故事书写成; 完善了无韵体诗。
英国文学一、古英语时期的英国文学(499-1066)1、贝奥武夫2、阿尔弗雷德大帝:英国散文之父二、中古英语时期的英国文学1、allegory体非常盛行2、Romance开始上升到一定的高度3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士4、Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集(英雄双韵体)6、托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学(伊丽莎白时代)(14-16世纪)1、托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》2、Thomas Wyatt 和Henry Howard引入sonnet3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活;现代长篇小说的先驱4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人;斯宾塞体诗节;5、莎士比亚:长篇叙事诗:《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》四大悲剧:哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白7、本.琼森风俗喜剧(comedy of manners)《人性互异》8、约翰.多恩“玄学派”诗歌创始人9、George Herbert 玄学派诗圣10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑《学术的推进》和《新工具》四、启蒙时期(18世纪)1、约翰、弥尔顿:《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》2、约翰、班扬:《天路历程》religious allegory3、约翰、德莱顿:英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人;《论戏剧诗》4、亚历山大.蒲柏:英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表;英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用;《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作5、托马斯、格雷:感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物《墓园挽歌》6、威廉、布莱克:天真之歌、经验之歌;7、罗伯特、彭斯:苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人;8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》9、Samuel defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一;《鲁滨逊漂流记》;《铲除非国教徒的捷径》,仪表达自己的不满;10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》;《格列佛游记》;《桶的故事》;11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人;帕米拉;克拉丽莎;查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史;12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人;《约瑟夫。
英国各时期特点要看书,只罗列作家作品时期:1The Old and Medieval Period中古英语文学8世纪-15世纪2The Renaissance Period文艺复兴时期16世纪-17世纪莎士比亚时期或是伊丽莎白时代3The period of Revolution and Restoration资产阶级革命和王政复辟时期17世纪Form:Poetry4The Age of Enlightenment启蒙运动时期—Neo-Classicism新古典时期18世纪Form:prose Pope时代5The Age of Romanticism浪漫主义时期18世纪-19世纪中期6The Victorian Period维多利亚时期19世纪早期-20世纪初期Novel小说Charles Dickens 7The Modern Period现代主义时期19世纪末开始普通英国人的生活,象征主义、stream of consciousness意识流-James Joyce、自然主义代替了现实主义。
之父:1Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里·乔叟the father of English poetry英语诗歌之父the father of English fiction英国小说之父2King Alfred(英国散文之父3Francis Bacon培根(唯物主义哲学奠基人,England’s first essayist英国第一个散文家4Edmund Spencer斯宾塞the poets’poet诗人中的诗人5John Donne the founder of the Metaphysical School玄学派诗人代表人物6John Dryden德莱顿forerunner of the English classical school of literature古典主义的先驱Heroic couplet英雄双韵体father of English criticism批评文学之父7Alexander Pope蒲白(18世纪最伟大诗人,representative of the Enlightenment新古典学派的代表人物,first introduce rationalism to England理性主义8Daniel Defoe笛福the discoverer of the modern novel现实主义小说奠基人,Father of English and European英语和欧洲小说之父9Henry Fielding Father of the English novel英国小说之父10Jane Austin简·奥斯丁(英国第一位女性小说家)11Alfred Tennyson丁尼生Poet of the people人民的诗人桂冠诗人:Edmund Spencer斯宾塞John Dryden德莱顿William Wordsworth威廉·华兹华斯Robert Southey罗伯特·骚塞苏格兰:Robert Burns;George Bernard Shaw爱尔兰:Oscar Wilde;William Butler Yeats;James Joyce1The Old and Medieval Period中古英语文学8世纪-15世纪P82大多数是口述,14世纪被称为乔叟的时代Old English/Alliteration/Epic/Romance/BalladAnglo-Saxon Period异教pagan《Beowulf贝奥武夫》被认为是古代英语文学的开端,也是英语语言的最古老的诗歌。
英语专业八级考试人文知识点(1)__1__ Who was the first to apply the telescope to the study of the skies?A KeplerB CopernicusC GalileoD Newton__2__ Whose discovery of the law of the universal gravitation is the most important of all his achievement in ph ysics?A KeplerB Issac NewtonC GalileoD Copernicus__3__The three biggest newspapers are of the following except ___.A New York TimesB Washington PostC Los Angeles TimesD Reader’s Digest__4__Metropolitan Museum is in__.A Washington D.C.B BostonC New YorkD Philadelphia__5__The New Frontier was put forward by __.A KennedyB JohnsonC NixonD Benjamin Franklin__6__Who resigned because of Watergate Scandal, the first president to do so in American history?A KennedyB JohnsonC Richard NixonD Truman__7__Empire State Building is in___.A ChicagoB New YorkC Washington D.C.D Detroit__8__ “Knowledge is power.” Was said by__.A Francis BaconB ShakespeareC Thomas HobbesD John Locke__9__Which of the following philosophers believed that man is selfish by nature?A John LockeB DescartesC Pierre GassendiD Thomas Hobbes__10__Jazz, a great contribution to the world popular music, was originated from the music of __.A IndiansB SpanishC NegroesD Portuguese答案解析:1选C。
专八人文知识一、概况1. 英国:①国旗:Union Jack,国歌:Godsave the queen,首都:伦敦②爱丁堡:苏格兰首府,Cardiff:威尔士首府,Belfast:北爱尔兰首府,英联邦成立于1931年,共53个成员国。
③英格兰脊梁:the Pennine Chain,最高峰:Ben Nevis,最重要的河:Thames river,第一大河:Severn river④英国政治:议会君主制,君主仅是国家首脑,真正的权利在首相(Prime Minister)及其内阁(cabinet)手中。
议会(Parliament)是立法机构,包括女王、上院(house of lords)、下院(house of commons)(权利真正来源)。
司法(judiciary)⑤党派:保守党(来源托利党)和工党(来源辉格党)2. 美国:①国旗:stars and stripes,国歌:the star-spangled banner星条旗永不落,国庆:7月4日,首都:华盛顿②北美脊梁:Rocky Mountains,五大湖(在美国和加拿大中间):Lake Michigan/Superior/Erie/Huron/Ontario, 其中Lake Michigan是唯一一个全在美国的湖,Lake Ontario 和Lake Erie 之间有Niagara Falls,father of waters: the Mississippi River③纽约被称为“the Big Apple”,洛杉矶:有好莱坞,芝加哥:又名“the windy city”,旧金山:UN诞生地(1945年),波士顿:很多著名大学所在地④著名总统:Thomas Jefferson:撰写独立宣言,Abraham Lincoln:内战时期任职,废除奴隶制,解放妇女等,Roosevelt在经济大萧条时新政,Nixon:冷战及越南战争(楚门条约)⑤1812年,美国彻底摆脱英国控制。
Common Sense on English LiteratureAuthor(Comment)Works England’s national epic The Song of Beowulf(3182lines)Geoffrey Chaucer—“father of Englishpoetry”The Canterbury tales General Prologue;Popular Ballads; Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale;Get Up and Bar the Door;Sir Parrick SpensHumanist Thomas More(Renaissance)Utopia Edmund Spenser(1552-1599)The Fairy QueenWilliam Shakespeare(1564-1616)37plays,154sonnetsThe4great tragedies:Hamlet,King Lear,Macbeth&OthelloThe Comedy of Errors,Love’s Labour’s Lost,A Midsummer Night’s Dream,The Merchant of Venice,(Shylock,evil; Portia,judge)Much Ado About NothingThe Merry Wives of WindsorAs You Like It,All’s Well That Ends WellTimon of Athens,The Winter’s Tale,The TempestFrancis Bacon(1561—1626)Philosophical works:Advancement of LearningLiterary works(Of Truth;Of Studies; Of death;Of Revenge,Of Friendship)Maxims of the Law; Reading on the Statute of Uses(the largest and most important of his professional works.John Milton(1608—1774)Paradise Lost(12books)Paradise RegainedSonnet:On His BlindnessSonnet:On His Deceased Wife John Bunyan(1628—1688)The Pilgrim’s Progress Daniel Defoe(1661—1731)Robinson Crusoe(1719) Johnathan Swift(1667—1745)Gulliver’s Travels;A Modest Proposal Joseph Addison(1672—1719)The Tatler;The Spectator Henry Fielding(1707—1754)The History of Tom Jones,a FoundlingThomas Gray(1716—1771)Elegy Written in a CountryChurchyard(the best poem in Emglish)Oliver Goldsmith(1728-1774),a versatile authorThe Vicar of Wakefield(novel) She Stoops to Conquer(comedy) The Citizen of the World(essays) The Traveler&The DesertedVillage(two poems)Richard Brinsley Sheridan(1751-1816)The School for ScandalThe Rivals(comedy)The critic(Farce)William Blake(1757-1827),the most independent and the most original romantic poet of the18th centuryThe Songs of ExperienceThe Songs of Innocence London;The Chimney SweeperRobert Burns(1759-1796),whose poetry is bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh of the Scottish common people My heart’s In the Highland John Anderson,My JoA Red,Red RoseTo A MouseWilliam Wordsworth(1770-1850)Romancist Lyrical Ballads:Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey;The Prelude;The Excursion;The Solitary Reaper; She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways;I Wandered Lonely As a CloudGeorge Gordon,Lord Byron(1788-1824)Don Juan(satire masterpiece) She Walks in Beauty Childe Harold’s Pigrimage Manfred,Cain(dramas)Percy Bysshe Shelley(1792-1822)Ode to the West WindTo a Sky-lark;Ozymandias;Men of EnglandPrometheus Unbound John Keats(1795-1821)Ode to a NightingaleOde on a Grecian UrnOn First Looking into Chapman’sTo Autumn;Bright Star;Homer(sonnet) Walter Scott(1771-1832)Ivanhoe;Rob RoyJane Austen(1775-1817)Pride and PrejudiceCharles Lamb(1775-1834)Tales From Shakespeare(Last)Essays of Elia—Dissertation on Roast PigDream-Children:a ReveriePoor RelationOliver Twist;Little Dorrit;Charles Dickens(1812-1870)Pickwick Papers Great Expectation A Tale of Two Cities;Hard Times David Copperfield; The Old Curiosity ShopWilliam Makepeace Thackeray(1811-1863)Vanity Fair(Novel Without a Hero) George Eliot(1819-1880)Adam Bede Charlotte Bronte(1816-1855)Jane EyreEmily Bronte(1818-1848)Wuthering HeightsThomas Hood(1799-1845)The Song of the Shirt;The Bridge of Sighs Alfred,Lord Tennyson(1809-1892)Ulysses;Break,Break,Break;Crossing The Bar Robert Browning(1812-1889)My Last Duchess;Home-Thoughts,from Abroad Elizabeth Barrett Browning(1806-1861)Sonnets from the PortugueseThomas Hardy(1840-1928)Tess of the D’Urbervilles Jude the Obscure The Return of the Native The Mayor of CasterbridgeJohn Galsworthy(1867-1933)The Forsyte SagaThe Man of PropertyOscar Wilde(1854-1900) Aestheticism.Art for Art’s SakeThe Portrait of Dorian Gray Comedies:Lady Windermere’s Fan;A Woman of No Importance;An Ideal Husband;The Important of Being EarnestGeorge Bernard Shaw(1856-1950)Arms and the ManMrs.Warren’s Professionwrence(1885-1930)Lady Chatterlay’s Lover;The Rainbow;Sons and Lovers Virginia Woolf(1882-1941)Mrs.Dalloway;Jacob’s Room;To the Lighthouse;The Waves;The Common Reader James Joyce(1882-1941)Araby;Dubliners;UlyssesCommon Sense on American Literature Author(Comment)WorksCaptain John Smith(the first American writer)A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony;A Map of Virginia:with a Description of the CountryWilliam Bradford The History of Plymouth Plantation John Winthrop The History of New England;Journal Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790)Poor Richard’s AlmanacAutobiography;Collected Works Thomas Paine(1737-1809)(Great Commoner of Mankind)American Crisis;The Age of Reason Thomas Jefferson(1743-1826)The Declaration of IndependencePhilip Freneau(1752-1832)Father of American Poetry The Wild Honey Suckle The Indian Burying Ground To a Caty-DidWashington Irving(1783-1859)The Author’s Account of HimselfThe Legend of Sleepy Hollow James Fenimore Cooper(1789-1851)Leatherstocking Tales:The Deerslayer,The Last Mohicans,The Pathfinder,The Pioneers;The PrarieWilliam Cullen Bryant(1794-1878)Thanatopsis;To a WaterfrowlEdgar Allen Poe(1809-1849)To Helen;The Raven;Annabel Lee; The Fall of the House of Usher Tales of the Grotesque and ArabesqueRalph Waldo Emerson(1803-1882)Nature;Self-Reliance;The American scholar;The Divinity School Address; Representative Men;English TraitsHenry David Thoreau(1817-1862)Walden;Civil Disobedience Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864)The Scarlet Letter Herman Melville(1819-1891)Moby-DickHenry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882)A Psalm of Life;The Slave’s dream; My Lost Youth;The Song of HiawathaWalt Whitman Song of Myself;I sit and Look Out;Beat!Beat!Drums!Emily Dickinson I taste a liquor never brewed;I felt a Funeral,in my brain;A Bird came down the Walk—I died for Beauty—but was scarceI heard a fly buzz—when I diedBecause I could not stop for Death Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s CabinMark Twain The Adventures of Tom SawyerThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn O.Henry The Cop and the AnthemHenry James The Portrait of A ladyJack London The sea Wolf;Martin Eden Theodore Dreiser Sister CarrieEzra Pound A Virginal;Salutation the second;A Pact;In a Station of the Metro The River-Merchant’s Wife;A LetterEdwin Arlington Robinson The House on the Hill;Richard Cory;Miniver Cheevy Robert Frost After Apple-PickingThe Road Not Taken;Departmental;Design;Stopping by Woods on a SnowyEvening;The Most of ItCarl Sandburg Chicago;The Harbor;Fog; Cool Tombs;Flash Crimson; The People,yesWallace Stevens Peter Quince at the Clavier Anecdote of the JarThe Emperor of Ice-CreamThomas Stearns Eliot The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock Journey of the MagiA Penny for the Old GuyF.Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby Ernest Hemingway A Farewell to Arms John Steinbeck The Grapes of Wrath William Faulkner A Rose for Emily。