Old English Literature 古英语文学（450-1066 年）Beowulf （贝奥武甫）---The first English national epic中世纪英语文学（1066-1500）Geoffrey Chaucer (乔叟，c. 1343–1400)was an English poet. He is remembered for his Theture 英―国文学之父‖Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English literaWilliam Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?),the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》文艺复兴（16-17 世纪）William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving.《维拉斯和works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece. 《鲁克丽丝受辱记》Shakespeare ‘s greatest works:greatest tragedies are King Lear 《李尔王》,Macbeth《麦克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello 《奥赛罗》,Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》‘s Dre《am仲夏夜之梦》,As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》great comedies: A Midsumme r NightMerchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》,The《第十二夜》, Twelfth Night《理查三世》,Henry IV 《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五great historical plays: Richard III世》, Henry VII John Milton 《亨利八世》( 弥尔顿, 1608-1674)was an English poet and civil servant for theCommonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost 《失乐园》, Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson 《力士参孙》.18 世纪文学和新古典主义Alexander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 )is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 讽刺隽语and heroic couplet 英雄双韵体.His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Manon Criticism 《论批评》《人论》and An Essay Daniel Defoe ( 笛福，1660—1731) was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe 《鲁滨逊漂流记》, spokesman for middle-class peopleHenry Fielding ( 菲尔丁, 1707 ---1754) ，an English novelist known for his novel:The History of Tom Jones.Jonathan Swift ( 斯威夫特,1667-1745) , was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is rememberedfor novel such as Gulliver‘s Tr a《v e格ls列佛游记》.Richard Sheridan ( 谢立丹，1751—1816) , Irish playwright ,known for his satirical play School of Scandal( 造谣学校). He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners.Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,1713—1768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel Tristram Shandy （《商第传》）.Oliver Goldsmith （哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774 ）English novelist, known for his novel Vicar ofWakefield ( 《威克菲尔德牧师传记》)Thomas Gray (托马斯?格雷1716—1771 )，an English poet, author of Elegy Writtenin a Country Churchyard（《墓畔哀歌》）, writer of sentimentalism感伤派.浪漫主义（18 世纪末19 世纪初）William Blake (1757 –1827) was an English poet, best known for his poetical collections of Songof Innocence 《天真之歌》and Song of Experience 《经验之歌》.William Wordsworth (1770-1850),a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their 1798 joint publication, Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》.Wordsworth?s magnum opus is generally considered to be The Prelude《序曲》.Samuel Taylor Coleridge( 柯勒律治, 1772 –1834) was an English poet who was, along with his friend William Wordsworth, one of the founders of the Romantic Movement in England and oneof the Lake Poets. He is probably best known for his poems The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 《古舟子颂》and Kubla Khan 《忽必烈汗》George Gordon Byron (拜伦，1788—1824 ) was a English poet and a leading figure in Romanticism.Amongst Byron?s best-known works are his narrative poems Childe Harold?s Pilgrimage 《哈罗尔德游记》and Don Juan《唐璜》Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792—1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets and is widely considered to be among the finest lyric poets in the English language. He is perhaps most famous for Ode to the West Wind 《西风颂》, To a Skylark《致云雀》, Prometheus Unbound《解放了的普罗米修斯》.Mary Shelley ( 玛丽? 雪莱1797 –1851) was a British novelist best known for her Gothic novel Frankenstein 《弗兰肯斯坦》, considered as first science fictionJohn Keats ( 济慈, 1795—1821) was an English poet who became one of the principal poets of the English Romantic movement. His masterpieces such as Ode on a Grecian Urn 《希腊古瓮颂》and Ode to a Nightingale 《夜莺颂》浪漫主义时期小说家Jane Austen (1775 —1817) , was an English novelist. Her major novels include Sense and Sensibility ( 《理智与情感》), Pride and Prejudice ( 《傲慢与偏见》), Emma ( 《爱玛》). Walter Scott ( 司各特, 1771---1832), a prolific Scottish historical novelist . His major works is Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》Realism 现实主义时期（V ictorian Age 维多利亚时期1837-1901）, 1818 –1848) and Bronte sisters 勃朗宁姐妹, Charlotte ( 夏洛蒂, 1816 –1855), Emily ( 艾米丽Anne (安妮, 1820 –1849), were English writers of t he 1840s and 1850s. Charlotte?s Jane Eyre 《简爱》, Emily ‘s Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》and Anne's Agnes Grey《艾格妮斯·格雷》are masterpieces of English literature.George Elliot ( 乔治-爱略特，1819—1880 ) was an English novelist. She was one of the leading writers of the Victorian era. Her novels, largely set in provincial England. Her major novelsinclude:The Mill on the Floss 《佛洛斯河上的磨坊》 Middlemarch 《米德尔玛契》 .Charles Dickens (1812 –1870) ：one of the most popular English novelists of the Victorian era. His《双城记》 ,Oliver Twist 《奥利弗退斯特》 major novels include: A Tale of Two Cities ,DavidCopperfield 《大卫科波菲尔德》 , Great Expectation 《远大前程》 , Hard Times 《艰难时世》Makepeace Thackeray (萨克雷， 1811— 1863) was an English novelist of the 19thWilliam century. He was famous for his satirical works, particularly Vanity Fair 《名利场》Mrs. Gaskell ( 盖斯凯尔夫人 , 1810-1865) was an English novelist during the Victorian era. Hermajor novels include: Mary Barton 《玛丽 ? 巴顿》Thomas Hardy( 哈代 , 1840 –1928) , an English novelist of the naturalism 自然主义 . His majornovels include: Tess of the d?Urbervilles 《德伯家的苔丝》 Far from the Madding Crowd 《远离尘嚣》 Jude the Obscure. 《无名的裘德》 现实主义时期诗歌Most of his novels are set in Wessex （威塞克斯） .Robert Browning ( 布朗宁 , 1812 –1889) was an English poet and playwright whose mastery ofdramatic monologues 戏剧独白 , made him one of the foremostdramatic verse, especially Victorian poets.Alfred Tennyson ( 丁尼生， 1809 –1892) was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and remainsone of the most popular English poets. Tennyson excelled at penning short lyrics, including"Break, break, break"Oscar Wilde ( 王尔德 , 1854 –1900)唯美主义 (art for art ‘为s s 了a 艺k e 术而艺playwright and one novel, known for his aestheticism 术). His major plays include The Importance of Being Earnest The Picture of Dorian Gray 《道林 -格雷的画像》20 世纪和现代主义Bernard Shaw (萧伯纳 , 1856-1950), an Irish playwright, literature in the 20th century. He adhered to the tradition of 《不可儿戏》 ; His major novel is the greatest dramatist in Englishrealism, writing plays as a way todiscuss social problems. He won Nobel Prize for literature in 1925. His major plays include, MrsWarren ‘ s Profess i 《on 华伦夫人的情人》 , Major Barbara 《芭芭拉少校》 , Pygmalion 《皮革马力翁》 and Saint Joan 《圣女贞德》John Galsworthy ( 高尔斯华绥 , 1867-1933) one of the most important novelists in the Early 20thcentury ， a Nobel Prize winner. His major works is Forsyte Saga 《福尔赛世家》 which comprisesthree novels:The Man of Property 《有产业的人》 , In Chancery 《衡平法院》 To Let 《出租》Joseph Conrad (康拉德 , 1857-1932) Conrad was born in Poland and an English novelist. Hismajor novels include Lord Jim 《吉姆爷》 and The Heart of Darkness 《黑暗的心》 .James Joyce (乔伊斯 , 1882-1941): An Irish born novelist, known for the technique of thestream of consciousness. His main works: Ulysses 《尤利西斯》 ;A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man ; 《青年艺术家的肖像》 夜祭》 Dubliners 《都柏林人》Finnegan ‘ s W a ; k 《e 芬尼根彻E. M. Forster （福斯特 , 1879-1970 ） an English novelist, A Passage to India 《印度之行》T.S. Eliot (T.S. 艾略特 , 1888-1965) ：American poet, best known for his poem The Waste Land《荒原》 , 1948 Nobel Prize winner for literature.David Herbert Lawrence (D.H. 劳伦斯 , 1885-1930), an English novelist. His most importantnovels are, Rainbow 《彩虹》 of consciousness 意识流 .and Sons and Lovers 《儿子与情人》 . He is the founder of streamWilliam Butler Yeats ( 叶芝 , 1865-1939) an Irish poet and awarded Nobel Prize for literature in1923. His major poems include Sailing to Byzantium 《驶向拜占庭》 和天鹅》 .and Leda and Swan 《利达Samuel Beckett ( 贝克特， 1906-1989) , an Irish dramatist and Nobel Prize winner for Literature.His masterpiece is Waiting for Godot 《等待戈多》 . He is the exponent of the theatre of the absurd荒诞派戏剧 .Iris Jean Murdoch (默多克 , 1919-1999) , English female Black Prince 《黑王子》 , The Sea, the Sea 《大海啊，大海》 novelist, her major novels includeand Unicorn 《独角兽》Doris Lessing ( 莱辛 , 1919--) is a British writer, author of works such as the novels The Grass isSinging. In 2007, Lessing won the Nobel Prize in Literature.Muriel Spark （ 斯帕克 , 1918-2006）English female novelist, best known for her novel The Primeof Miss Jean Brodie (1961) 《布罗迪小姐的青春》Virginia Woolf (伍尔夫 , 1882-1941) Woolf is important female novelists. Her major works Lighthouse 《向灯塔去》 .美国文学殖民地革命时期Benjamin Franklin ( 富兰克林 , 1706-1790): an exponent of modernism and one of the mostinclude Mrs. Dalloway 《达洛威夫人》 , To theone of American founding fathers ( 建国之父 )Autobiography 《自传》 Poor Richard ‘ s Almana 《ck 穷人理查历书》 Major works: Jonathan Edwards ( 爱德华兹， 1703 –1758) was a colonial theologian and writer. His work isoften associated with the Puritan heritage. His famous sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an AngryGod," 《落在忿怒之神手中的罪人》 is credited for starting the First Great Awakening.Thomas Pain (潘恩 , 1737-1809) :British （1776 ）works: Common Sense 《常识》pamphleteer. Major Federalists P ’a p e rs 《联邦党人文集》 Madison 曼迪逊浪漫主义时期Romantic Period （ 1790-1865 ）：Earlier Romantic Period (1790-1830)Romantic Heyday (1830-1865)Earlier Romantic Period:Washington Irving (1783-1859)Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851)汉密尔顿 John Jay 杰伊 James: Alexander HamiltonWashington Irving ( 华盛顿? 欧文, 1783-1859): American romantic novelist. He was bestknown for his short stories―The Legend of Sleepy Hollow ‖and―Rip V a h n i cW h inkle‖, both of w appear in his book The Sketch Book 《见闻札记》. Irving is the first American writer who gainedinternational fame.James Fenimore Cooper ( 库珀, 1789-1851): American romantic novelist , best remembered forhis Leatherstocking Tales 《皮袜子故事》(The Pioneer《拓荒者》, Deer Slayer《猎鹿者》,Pathfinder《探路人》, Prairie《大草原》, The Last of the Mohicans《最后的莫西干人》) featuringfrontiersman Natty Bumppo.2) Romantic Heyday (1830-1865):Waldo Ralph EmersonHenry David ThoreauWalt WhitmanEmily DickinsonNathaniel HawthorneHerman MelvilleHarriet Beecher StoweEdgar Allan PoeTranscendentalists（超验主义）:Waldo Ralph EmersonHenry David ThoreauWalt WhitmanWalt Whitman ( 惠特曼，1819-1882): American romantic poet, father of free verse( 自由诗) , bestknown for his collection of poems Leaves of Grass 《草叶集》Waldo Ralph Emerson ( 爱默生，1803-1882): leader of the transcendentalism, his essay Nature《论自然》is the manifesto of transcendentalism. his another essay The American Scholar 《美国学者》is considered to be America's "Intellectual Declaration of Independence ‖.Henry David Thoreau ( 梭罗, 1817–1862) : American romantic writer best known for his bookWalden《瓦尔登湖》, a reflection upon simple living.Herman for his novelMelville (麦尔维尔, 1819–1891) : American novelist,best knownMoby-Dick 《白鲸》Hawthorne ( 霍桑, 1804–1864):Nathaniel American novelist, best known for his fourromances(传奇小说):The Scarlet Letter 《红字》The House of the Seven Gables 《七个尖尖角的房子》The Blithedale Romance 《福谷传奇》The Marble Faun 《玉石人像》Emily Dickinson (狄金森，1830 –1886)American poetess, whose poetry are concerned with life,death and immortality.Harriet Beecher Stowe ( 斯托尔夫人, 1811–1896American female novelist,whose novel Uncle Tom?s Cabin (1852) 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》attacked the cruelty of slavery. )Realism 现实主义Mark novelist. most noted for his novels The Twain ( 马克?吐温1835 –1910), AmericanAdventures of Tom Sawyer（《汤姆索亚历险记》）and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 《哈克贝恩历险记》Life on the Mississippi River 《密西西比河上的生活》《亚瑟王朝的康涅狄克州的美国佬》Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur?s CourtThe Gilded Age 《镀金时代》Henry James (亨利?詹姆斯1843-1916),American realist novelist, founder of international novel（国际题材小说）Important works:The American 《美国人》The Europeans 《欧洲人》The Portrait of a Lady 《贵妇画像》The Wings of the Dove 《鸽冀》The Ambassadors 《大使》The Golden Bowl 《金碗》was the pen name of American novelist William Sydney Porter (1862O. Henry 欧亨利–1910). O. Henry?s short stories are well known for his short stories such as Cop and Anthem (《警察和赞美诗》) and Gift of Magie ( 《麦琪的礼物》)William Dean Howells (豪威尔斯, 1837 –1920) was an American realist novelist and literary critic. Major works include The Rise of Silas Lapham 《赛拉斯? 拉帕姆的发迹》Theodore Dreiser (德莱塞, 1871–1945) American novelist and journalist. He pioneered the naturalist school and is known for his novels Sister Carrie 《嘉莉妹妹》and An American Tragedy 《美国悲剧》and his desire trilogy 《欲望三部曲》:The Financier 《金融家》The Titan 《巨头》The Stoic 《斯多葛》American Naturalist （自然主义）1) Stephen Crane 克莱恩2) Frank Norris 诺里斯3) Jack London 杰克-伦敦1) Stephen Crane ( 克莱恩, 1871–1900)was an American novelist.He won international acclaimfor his 1895 Civil War novel The Red Badge of Courage 《红色的英勇勋章》.2) Frank Norris ( 诺瑞斯1870–1902)American novelist.His notable works include McTeague《麦克提格》, The Octopus《章鱼》3)Jack London ( 杰克? 伦敦, 1876–1916)American novelist,known for his novel Martin Eden《马丁? 伊登》, The Call of the Wild 《野性的呼唤》.20 世纪和现代主义-诗歌T.S. Eliot (T.S. 艾略特, 1888-1965) ：American poet, best known for his poem The Waste Land《荒原》, 1948 Nobel Prize winner for literature.Ezra Pound（庞德）: American imagist poet 意象派诗人, major poems include Cantos 《诗章》,Hugh Selwyn Maubery ( 莫伯里), Cathay (《华夏》translation of ancient Chinese poems)Robert Frost (弗罗斯特, 1874 –1963) American poet. He is highly regarded for his realistic depictions of rural life in New England and his command of American colloquialspeech. Hiswork was first recognized in England and then in America.Wallace Stevens（斯蒂文斯, 1879-1955）American poet, best known for his poem Anecdote forthe Jar and his emphasis on Imagination.Allen Ginsberg ( 金斯伯格, 1926-1997), American poet of Beat Generation ( 垮掉的一代), bestknown for his poem How―l‖《嚎》Ernest Hemingway (海明威, 1899—1961) American novelist. He was part of the 1920s expatriate community in Paris, and one of the veterans of World War I later known as "the Lost Generation". He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. Major works:The Sun also Rises 《太阳照样升起》A Farewell to Arms 《永别了-武器》The Old Man and the Sea《老人与海》For Whom the Bell Tolls 《丧钟为谁而鸣》―Meditation XVII ‖, an essay by metaphysical poet John D多o n恩ne―any man's death dim inishes me, because I am involved in mankind,and therefore never send to‖know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee.Fitzgerald ( 菲茨杰拉德, 1896 –1940) American writer of novels, whose works are evocative ofthe Jazz Age. Fitzgerald is considered a memb er of the―Lost Generation ―. Most important works is The Great Gatsby 《了不起的盖茨比》which represents the destruction of American dream.Lost Generation 迷惘的一代:The 'Lost Generation' is a phrase made popular by American author Ernest Hemingway in his firstpublished novel The Sun Also Rises. Figures identified with the "Lost Generation" includeauthors and poets Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson, John Dos Passos.William Faulkner 福克纳: American novelist, winner of Nobel Prize for literature. Most of hisworks was set in an imaginary location named Yoknapatawpha. Major works include:The Sound and the Fury 《喧哗与骚动》Sartoris《家族小说》Go Down, Moses 《去吧，莫西》Light in August 《八月之光》Absalom, Absalom! 《押沙龙，押沙龙！》Sanctuary 《圣地》John Steinbeck (斯坦贝克, 1902 –1968) American novelist, Nobel Prize winner. He is known forhis novel The Grapes of Wrath 《愤怒的葡萄》Saul Bellow（贝缕, 1915-2005）American novelist, Nobel Prize winner, best known for hisnovel such as The Adventures of AugieMarch, 《奥吉?玛其历险记》Herzog, Seize the Day,Humboldt's GiftJames Baldwin （鲍德温, 1924-1987 ）, black American novelist, best known for his novel Go Tell It on the Mountain 《向苍天呼吁》.Ralph Ellison （艾里森, 1913-1994 ）, black American novelist, best known for his The Invisible Man 《看不见的人》black American novelist, best known for his Roots 《根》Alex Harley (1936-1969),Toni Morrison( 莫里森, 1931-) Toni Morrison is a Nobel Prize-winning female American n ovelist. among the best known are her novels The Bluest Eye 《最蓝的眼睛》and Beloved 《宠儿》.20 世纪戏剧家Eugene O‘Neil （尤金-奥尼尔, 1888-1953 ）American playwright, Nobel Prize winner, best known for his Long Day‘s Journey Into Nigh《t 长夜漫漫路迢迢》, Beyond the Horizon 《天边外》，The Hairy Ape 《毛猿》Arthur Miller （亚瑟-米勒,1915-2005 ）,American playwright, best known for his The Death of Salesman《推销员之死》Edward Albee (阿尔比1928---) is an American playwright best known for Who?s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?( 《谁怕弗吉尼亚伍尔夫》). His early works reflect a Americanization of the Theatre of the Absurd 荒诞派that found its peak in works by Irish playwrights such as Samuel Beckett 贝克特.。
