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第31卷第8期2009年8月舰 船 科 学 技 术SH I P SC I E NCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol .31,No .8Aug .,2009水下吸声覆盖层结构及吸声机理研究进展罗 忠1,朱 锡1,林志驼2,王卫忠2(1.海军工程大学船舶与动力学院,湖北武汉430033;2.海军92143部队,海南三亚572021)摘 要: 经过50多年的发展,尤其是近20年中,在水下目标声隐身背景需求的促进和推动下,以吸声覆盖层为主要研究对象的声隐身结构研究,已经建立了完整的理论框架。
本文将目前国内外主要的吸声覆盖层结构分为粘弹性复合吸声结构、周期散射复合吸声结构、孔腔谐振吸声结构等,比较了各种吸声覆盖层的结构形式对吸声性能的影响,并从吸声机理出发,分析了各种吸声覆盖层结构的主要研究方法,最后展望了我国水下吸声覆盖层结构及吸声机理研究的趋势。
关键词: 声隐身;吸声覆盖层;粘弹性;散射;谐振中图分类号: T N91117 文献标识码: A文章编号: 1672-7649(2009)08-0023-08 DO I:1013404/j 1issn 11672-7649120091081002A rev i ew of underwa ter anecho i c coa ti n g structure and absorpti on theor i esLUO Zhong 1,ZHU Xi 1,L IN Zhi 2tuo 2,WANG W ei 2zhong2(1.College of Naval A rchitecture and Power,Naval University of Engineering,W uhan 430033,China;2.Unit 92143,P LA,Sanya 572021,China )Abstract: The require ments of under water acoustic stealth technique had p r omoted the research on under water anechoic coating structure for recent 50years .Accordingly,a comp rehensive theoreticalf oundati on had been f or med f or the passed 20years .This paper su mmarized the main structure and valuable results of under water anechoic coating .More s pecifically,it classified the main structure int o vis oelastic composite abs or p ti on structures,cycle scattering composite abs or p ti on structures,cavity res onant abs or p ti on structures .The effect of structure for m t o abs or p ti on p r operties was compared .The under water anechoic coating structures and abs or p ti on theories were analyzed .I n the end of this paper,it p r os pected the feature research trend on this t op ic in our country .Key words: acoustic stealth;anechoic coating;viscoelastic;scattering;res onant收稿日期:2009-02-10;修回日期:2009-03-10基金项目:国家973重大基础研究基金资助项目(51335020101);国防重点预研基金资助项目作者简介:罗忠(1982-),男,博士研究生,主要从事水下声隐身材料与结构研究工作。
一种基于Logistic映射的水声混沌信号测距方法郭亚静;王黎明;王琳;范浩【摘要】在浅海水声定位系统中,针对传统声呐信号持续时间长、效率低、正交性差的问题,提出了一种抗噪声、快速、窄带的水声混沌信号.通过推导Logistic混沌序列的混沌性和相关特性;并据此将具有混沌特性的相位信息对混沌序列进行调制.理论表明调制后的水声混沌信号具有正的Lyapunov指数、理想的相关性和窄带性.水域数据分析显示,水声混沌信号依旧表现出混沌性和窄带性;并且与同水域实验的m序列相比,定位精度提高了5 cm左右,信号时长缩短了73 ms,为海洋中动态目标的快速定位提供了参考.%In the shallow water acoustic localization systems,a kind of underwater acoustic chaotic signal that is anti-noise,fast and narrowband is proposed for tranditional sonar signal being a long time,low efficiency and poor orthogonality.The chaos and correlation properties of Logistic chaotic sequences are dericed, and the chaotic sequence is modulated by the phase information with chaotic characteristics.The theory shows that chaotic modulated signal of underwater acoustic chaotic signal has a positive Lyapunov exponent, ideal correlation and narrowband.Analysis of water experimental data show that underwater acoustic chaotic signal still puts up chaotic characteristics and narrowband,and compares with the m-sequence that the positioning accuracy improves the 4 cm and the time of signal is shortened 73 ms at the same waters.It provides a reference for the rapid localization of the dynamic target in the ocean.【期刊名称】《科学技术与工程》【年(卷),期】2017(017)005【总页数】6页(P10-14,46)【关键词】浅海水声定位;Logistic映射;相位调制;快速定位【作者】郭亚静;王黎明;王琳;范浩【作者单位】中北大学信息探测与处理技术研究所,太原 030051;中北大学信息探测与处理技术研究所,太原 030051;中北大学信息探测与处理技术研究所,太原030051;中北大学信息探测与处理技术研究所,太原 030051【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TB566声波是目前在海洋中能够远距离传播的能量辐射形式，而无线电波和光波在海水中传播时都要受到严重的衰减，不利于作为传递信息的载体，因此声呐信号的研究成为提高海洋探测、目标定位、通信质量的手段[1]。
创新核潜艇作文英语Title: Innovations in Nuclear Submarines。
Nuclear submarines, the pinnacle of modern naval engineering, represent a fusion of technological ingenuity and strategic prowess. Over the years, these vessels have undergone significant advancements, particularly in terms of innovation. In this essay, we will explore the remarkable innovations that have shaped the evolution of nuclear submarines.To begin with, propulsion systems are at the heart of nuclear submarines' advancements. Traditional submarines relied on diesel-electric propulsion, which necessitated frequent surfacing for air and recharging batteries. However, the introduction of nuclear propulsion revolutionized underwater navigation. Nuclear reactors generate immense power without the need for air, enabling submarines to operate submerged for extended periods. This innovation not only enhances stealth but also extendsoperational range, enabling submarines to traverse vast distances without refueling.Moreover, advancements in materials science have played a crucial role in enhancing the capabilities of nuclear submarines. High-strength, lightweight materials such as titanium and advanced composites have enabled the construction of submarines with improved durability and stealth. These materials also contribute to reducing the overall weight of the vessel, allowing for increased payload capacity without compromising maneuverability or submerged endurance.In addition to propulsion and materials, innovations in stealth technology have significantly enhanced the clandestine capabilities of nuclear submarines. The development of hydrodynamic hull designs, acoustic damping technologies, and advanced noise reduction measures has made modern submarines virtually undetectable to enemy sensors. This cloak of invisibility enables submarines to operate covertly in hostile waters, gathering intelligence and executing strategic missions without alertingadversaries.Furthermore, advancements in automation and artificial intelligence have transformed the operational capabilities of nuclear submarines. Integrated control systems, augmented by AI algorithms, optimize performance, navigation, and energy management, reducing the workload on crew members and enhancing operational efficiency. Additionally, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) deployed from submarines augment reconnaissance and surveillance capabilities, extending the reach of the submarine's sensor network.Another significant innovation in nuclear submarines is the integration of advanced communication systems. Through satellite links, secure data networks, and advanced encryption protocols, submarines can maintain real-time connectivity with command centers and allied forces, enabling seamless coordination of operations even in remote regions or under arduous conditions. These communication innovations enhance situational awareness and facilitate rapid response to emerging threats.Moreover, advancements in weapons systems have augmented the offensive capabilities of nuclear submarines. The integration of advanced torpedoes, cruise missiles, and ballistic missiles equipped with precision guidance systems enables submarines to engage a wide range of targets with unparalleled accuracy and lethality. This firepower serves as a potent deterrent against potential adversaries and reinforces the submarine's role as a strategic asset in modern warfare.In conclusion, nuclear submarines represent a testament to human innovation and technological advancement. From propulsion and materials to stealth, automation, communication, and weaponry, continuous innovation has propelled these vessels to the forefront of maritime superiority. As we look to the future, further advancements in fields such as renewable energy, quantum computing, and unmanned systems hold the promise of unlocking even greater capabilities for nuclear submarines, ensuring they remain indispensable assets in safeguarding national security and maintaining global stability.。
电气专业英汉词对照汇UU-port U型端口U-tube manometer U形管压力计ultra-high vacuum 超高真空ultra-high voltage electron microscope 超高压电子显微镜ultralongwave spectrometer 超长波光谱仪ultrasonic anemometer 超声波风速表ultrasonic disc cutter 超声样品切割机ultrasonic Doppler blood pressure transduce [sensor] 超声多普勒血压传感器ultrasonic flaw detection 超声探伤ultrasonic flaw detector 超声探伤仪ultrasonic flow transducer 超声流量传感器ultrasonic flowmeter 超声流量计ultrasonic hardness tester 超声硬度计ultrasonic level measuring device 超声物位测量装置ultrasonic levelmeter 超声物位计ultrasonic methods 超声法ultrasonic sensor 超声（波）传感器ultrasonic thickness meter 超声（波）厚度计ultrasonic transducer 超声换能器ultrasonic wave 超声波ultrathin section sample 超薄切片样品ultra-violet and visible spectrophotometer 紫外可见光分光光度计ultraviolet filter 透过紫外线的滤光片ultraviolet hygrometer 紫外湿度表ultraviolet lamp 紫外线照射装置ultraviolet light transducer [sensor] 紫外光传感器ultraviolet photo-electron spectrometer 紫外光电子能谱仪ultraviolet photo electron spectroscopy (UPS) 紫外光电子能谱法ultraviolet radiation 紫外线辐射ultraviolet ray intensity meter 紫外线强度计ultraviolet remote sensing 紫外遥感ultraviolet-visible detector 紫外—可见光检测器unaddressed operation 非寻址操作unbalance 不平衡unbalance component measuring device 不平衡分量测量装置unbalance mass 不平衡质量unbalance reduction ratio (URR) 不平衡量减少率unbalance response 不平衡响应unbalance vector 不平衡矢量unbalance vector measuring device 不平衡矢量测量装置unbalanced output 非对称输出unbiased estimation 无偏估计unbonded strain gauge 非粘贴式应变计uncertainty 不确定度uncertainty of measurement 测量不确定度uncorrected result 未修正结果uncoupled modes 非耦合振型undampted natural frequency 无阻尼固有频率undamped natural mode of vibration 无阻尼固有振动模态under water acoustic measurment 水声综合测量仪underdamping 周期阻尼；欠阻尼undersea buoy system 水下浮标系统understandability 可理解性underwater absorption meter 水下吸收仪underwater acoustic 水（下）声学underwater acoustic communication set 水下通讯装置underwater acoustic measurement 水声测量underwater acoustic transducer 水声换能器underwater camera 水下照相机underwater communication system 水下通讯装置underwater holography 水下全息摄影underwater irradiance meter 水下辐照度计underwater lighting system 水下照明装置underwater movie camera 水下电影摄影机underwater panoramic camera 水下全景照相机underwater polarimeter 水下偏振仪underwater radiance meter 水下辐射率计underwater scattering meter 水下散射仪underwater sound 水（下）声学underwater sound integrated measuring set 水声综合测量仪器underwater sound test tank 水声试验水池underwater television camera 水下电视摄像机underwater towed system 水下拖曳系统underwater towed vehicle 水下拖曳体underwater transducer array 水声换能器基阵underwater transmissometer 水下透射率仪underwater vehicle 水下运载工具underwater visibility 水下能见度underwater window 水下“窗口”undetermined components 非测组分unearthed voltage transformer 不接地型电压互感器uniaxial strain gauge 单轴应变计uniform stability 一致稳定性uniform temperature zone 均温区uniform temperature zone length 均热带长度uniformity of table motion 台面运动的均匀度union nut 双端螺母unit 单元；单位unit(of measurement) （测量）单位unit area acoustic impedance 声阻抗率unit feedback 单位反馈unit resolution 单位分辨unit resolution mass 单位分辨质量unit step function 单位阶跃函数universal balancing machine 通用平衡机universal gas chromatograph 通用气相色谱仪universal head loss coefficient 通用压头损失系数universal testing machine 万能试验机universal toolmaker's microscope 万能工具显微镜unmanned submersible 无人潜水器unsaturated standard cell 不饱和式标准电池unsteady flow 不稳定流upper-air observation 高空观测upper limit of the nominal of use for frequency 标称使用频率范围上限upward (total) radiation 向上（全）辐射upward terrestrial radiation 向上地球辐射urea enzyme transducer [sensor] 酶（式）尿毒传感器urinary bladder inner pressure transducer [sensor] 膀胱内压传感器usable cross-section of the test channel 试验流道的可用横截面usable minimum immersion depth 最小可用浸入深度useful life 使用寿命useful spectral range 有效光谱范围user adjustment 用户调整user layer 用户层utility routine 服务程序；实用程序；实用例行程序utility software 实用软件UV dosimeter 紫外线表UVW anemometer 三维风速表；UVW风速表。
A Novel Conditioning and Recording System of Low-noise Underwater AcousticSignalNi Xiuhui, Zheng Yi*, Meng Qingming Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ocean Environment Monitoring Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Institute of Oceanographic InstrumentationQingdao, ChinaLi Weidong People's Hospital of Zhao YuanYantai, ChinaAbstract—A novel conditioning and recording system of Low-noise underwater acoustic signal is proposed in order to coordinate the applied vector hydrophones. The low-noise analog circuit design is taken into account seriously according to the requirements of high precision and low distortion of underwater acoustic data. Compared with other similar systems, it features on miniaturization, high dynamic range, low distortion and low power consumption.Keywords-Underwater acoustic experiment, Low noise, Data recording, MSP430I.I NTRODUCTIONMost of underwater acoustic signals picked up by sensors like hydrophones are very weak, which requires a data acquisition system with high SNR performance.In order to obtain high-quality experimental data, An underwater acoustic data recording system is accomplished based on low-noise analog circuit design techniques, this system also features on high dynamic range, low distortion signal acquisition while achieving high sample rate and real time storage. This paper describes the Date Recording system of Underwater Acoustic Data in detail, including both the hardware and software implementation, as well as the key design challenges and the techniques employed to meet the specifications.The system is applied in the marine-self noise field measurement experiment which using the combined acoustic vector sensors. Therefore, four channel signals are collected and stored by this system. one channel is sound pressure signal, and other channels are particle velocity signals.The workflow and the structure of proposed system are shown in Fig.1 and Fig.2.Figure 1.The workflow of the recording systemFigure 2. The structure of the recording systemThis proposed system includes the following functions:•Variable gain amplification of acoustic signals;•High order band-pass filter;•Data acquisition and storage.According to the require of high dynamic range signal acquisition, the power supply of analog board comes from positive and negative 12 volt lithium battery. The acoustic signals after conditioning can swing up to ±10v with little distortion. Thus, it is suitable to choose a ±10v input range ADC like the 16-bit LT1859 for the digitization of analog signals. and the 5v、3.3v voltage is generated by low quiescent current LDO for the overall digital system power supply.II.T HE D ESIGN OF H ARDWAREThe design of analog circuit includes multi-level signal amplification、high-pass filter、low-pass filter and phase adjust section. The purpose of analog circuit mainly is to extract the useful signal from the noises, filter out unwanted interference and increase signal amplitude.Low-noise preamplifier should be used because low noise is one of the important characteristic for the conditioning of underwater acoustic signal. The ADI instrument amplifier AD8221 is taken for amplifier of the velocity signals channel whose the noise density of input voltage is 8 /nV Hz. Due to the high source impedance of piezoceramic pressure sensors, the JFET input, monolithicinstrumentation amplifier AD8220 is selected instead. Using JFET transistors, the AD8220 offers extremely high input impedance, extremely low bias currents, therefore, minimize the current noise which is the main problem of high source impedance sensors.The useful signal needs to be extracted form a variety of background noises by appropriate filters. Low-frequency signal is eliminated by the high-pass filter in order to avoid the output saturation cause by the low frequency marine hydrodynamic noise, and then the high frequency noise is almost completely removed by the 8th-order order low-pass Butterworth filter which has the least attenuation for all frequencies in the pass band. The Sallen–Key topology is used to implement both the 6-order high-pass and 8-order low-pass Butterworth filters that are particularly valued for its simplicity. Just one single amplifier, two resistors and two capacitors are needed by the 2-order filter of SK topology structure at the unit gain as are shown in Fig.3. The RC value can be calculated through the assisted tools of filter design, and pay attention to that the metal film resistors of smallerresistance value help to reduce system noise [1].Figure 3. A unity-gain low-pass filter implemented with a Sallen–Keytopology.Where the undamped natural frequency fo and Q factor (i.e., damping ratio ζ) are given by(1) And, (2)So,(3) The intensity of underwater acoustic signal is in the range of 104 orders of magnitude [2], The PGA section amplification circuit of this system carry out the adjustment of the overall gain from 20dB-80dB by different feedback resistors which are selected by analog switch DG211, so that the signal sampling of a large dynamic range is achieved. Besides, this system also includes amplifier circuits used in the impedance isolation and RC phase adjustment circuit. It is better that it is independent for four-channel analog board or a PCB board is made for the minimum interference among four channels, and the even channels of ADC are grounded to achieve the previous purpose. In the noise test of the electronic system, the analog signal input is grounded, the electronic system is configured to 4000 times amplification, and we found the output noise is about 10mv. Therefore, the valid noise of input terminal is 10mv/4000=2.5uv. The analog circuits are fully tested for low noise (less than 10uV noise).By the way, the high order filters also contribute to the low noise performance because it filtered out most of the high frequency noise. The low-pass and high-pass filters are cascade by SK topology using the low-noise amplifier OP2177. The magnitude-frequency characteristic is shown in Fig4. (The pass band is 10-500Hz in this case, and it canbe adjusted as needed to design)Figure 4. Amplitude frequency response of analog circuitsThe design of digital circuit includes MCU and interfacewith various peripherals.The Texas Instruments MSP430 family of ultra low power microcontrollers consists of several devices featuring lower power consumption, and 25MIPS CPU speed [3]. The5xx series MSP430 chip -Msp430F5438A have beenselected for governing digital system. This kind of devicesare complete system on-a-chip and in clued many integrated peripherals like Direct Memory Access (DMA) modules,UARTs, etc. All these characteristics make them a very attractive choice for this design.The media chosen to store the experimental data acquiredduring an inspection is a Secure Digital cards. Which is removable Flash-based storage devices that are gaining in popularity in small consumer devices such as digital cameras. Their small size, relative simplicity, low power consumption, and low cost make them an ideal solution for many applications. This interface combined with the MSP430, can form the foundation for a low-cost, long-life data logger. So, the SD card is a good choice for the underwater acoustic signal recording system when the data collection system takes a long time to collect and record huge amounts of data. It has two optional protocols: the SD mode and the SPI mode. All of data exchange can be completed by the four lines in the SPI mode, which greatly simplify the design of hardware circuit. The interface between SD and the MCU is use the SPI protocol which is shown in Fig.5.Figure 5. SD Card Schematic-SPI ModeThis system takes the 16bit softspan ADC chip LTC1859 in order to meet the 10V sampling of positive and negative analog signal. 16-bit resolution analog to digital conversion provides a responsive instrument capable of registering changes as small as one part in 65536 (0.000015% of the full scale measurement range). Besides, the voltage reference of chip internal is 10ppm, the SNR is 87dB, these features are all very important for a high-quality data acquisition system. It is connected to MCU through SPI interface, as is shown in Fig.6.Figure 6. ADC chip interface with the MCUThe electronic compass, with a pointing accuracy of 1º rms, uses the low-power three-dimensional digital compass of the PNI Company, and it is linked to MCU through RS232 interface.All the interfaces like SPI and 232 are industrial standard and therefore very convenient for firmware development and debug.III. T HE D ESIGN OF F IRMWAREThe mount of data to be collected can be estimated as shown in Equation 4. Fs is the sampling frequency, Word_Size is the number of bytes needed to store one single sensor read (2bytes for a16-bit resolution), N ch the number of sensor. T is the recording time in seconds. As at 10k sampling rate from four channels for an hour , the amount of data to be collected is:Data_Size = fs*Word_Size* N ch *T(4) =10240*2*4*3600=294912000bytes=280Mbytes The 32G SD card can fulfill 4 days deployment storage.The data from this recording system is writing directly in the sector rather than through the creation of file system storage, which results in higher writing speed.The writing sector of SD card consists of three procedures: sent the writing sector command to the SD card; transmit data to the SD card; the SD card internal programming. Here I must say The SD card programming internal needn’t the CPU intervention, however, the time-consuming of one sector can reach up to hundreds of mill-seconds [5]. So in order to achieve the high-speed writing of SD card, big RAM caches are essential. And The DMA capabilities available in the MSP430 MCU, that permit fast data transfers without CPU intervention, are of a great advantage in applications where high sampling rates are required. The strategy of high-speed recording proposed below also relies on the exploitation of the DMA capabilities The classic double-buffer strategy is adopted, Two array of memory buffers of 512*12 bytes each is used to temporarily store the acquired data while is being transferred to the SD card. Let us focus on the data acquisition strategy implemented in the MCU: 1. 0.1ms timer interrupts is established for the sampling rate of 10k. The four channels is sampled once the interrupts is carried out, all of eight bytes from 2 bytes per channel is continuously written in the established AdcBuffer; 2. After 768 interrupts, the AdcBuffer of 6K is full, and the DMA is opened so that the data in the AdcBuffer is transmitted to the MMCBuffer of the same capacity; 3. Meanwhile, the new sampled data is over write in AdcBuffer. 4. The 6K bytes data will be transmitted to the SD card once the DMA transmission is completed;The flow chart of this strategy is shown in Fig.7. With the 16K RAM and DMA modules of Msp430F5438A combined with 25Mips processing speed, the real-time data recording up to 20ksps four channels is achieved. The high-speed SD card is used in this Stand-alone data logger with configurable sample rate from as low as 0.001 Hz up to as high as 10,000 samples per second.Figure 7. The system sampling and real-time handlingIV.C ONCLUSIONSeveral tests have been performed in order to ensure the low-noise performance on the analog circuits and check the effectiveness of the strategies adopted to optimize the SD real-time writing performance of the recording system.The system provides a reliable data acquisition platform for the underwater acoustic experiment, satisfying the requirements derived from the targeted application, in terms of sampling rate, resolution, data storage capabilities and power consumption. Besides, the dynamic range of signal is greater than 70dB, and the equivalent input noise is less than 10μv, the pass-band ripple is less than 0.1dB, the phase difference among channels is small. Also, the operating current of the whole system is about 80mA, the entire system is lightweight and portable if the high-energy lithium-ion battery is adopted, and it is convenient to be placed in equipment and deploy. In a word, this system is very feasible in the marine environment noise field measurement experiment for the use on underwater acoustic signal logging.A CKNOWLEDGMENTThe first author wishes to thank Zheng yi and Yang guang for their valuable comments that improved the qualityof this paper. And this paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 40806044, and supported by the QingDao Science and Technology Planning Project Fund of China under Grant 10-3-4-9-2-jch, and supported by Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of the Shandong Academy of Sciences under Grant Y09-2.R EFERENCES[1]Henry, Wang pei-qing, etc. The noise suppression and attenuationtechnology of electronic systems[M]. Electronic industry press, 2003(In Chinese).[2]Liu bo-sheng, Lei jia-yu etc. Underwater acoustic principle [M].Harbin engineering university press, 2010 (In Chinese).[3]Texas Instruments Incorporated. MSP430 Family User's Guideslau208g. /.[4]Linear Technology Corporation. LTC1859 Datasheet./.[5]SanDisk. Secure Digital Card Product Manual - Revision 1.7,September 2003.。
期刊网址：引用格式：刘江, 刘彦森, 黎胜. 基于Kriging 代理模型的水下目标模型几何参数识别方法[J]. 中国舰船研究, 2024, 19(增刊 1): 42–51.LIU J, LIU Y S, LI S. Geometry parameters recognition method for underwater target model based on Kriging surrogate model[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2024, 19(Supp 1): 42–51 (in Chinese).基于Kriging 代理模型的水下目标模型几何参数识别方法刘江1，刘彦森2，黎胜*11 大连理工大学 船舶工程学院，辽宁 大连 1160242 水下测控技术重点实验室，辽宁 大连 116013摘 要:［目的］水下目标参数识别可为目标分类识别提供依据，为此，提出一种基于Kriging 代理模型的水下目标参数识别方法。
［方法］首先，对敷设声学覆盖层的水下目标模型在螺旋桨和主辅机激励情况下的结构表面低频振动声辐射与声辐射灵敏度进行分析；然后，基于分析结果建立低频声辐射功率代理模型，并基于该代理模型构造由低频声辐射响应特征和目标参数组成的样本空间；最后，基于所构建的样本空间，建立目标参数识别代理模型并选取测试点进行模型验证。
［结果］结果显示，测试样本的实际目标参数值与所构建代理模型的目标参数预测值吻合良好；利用有限元法和边界元方法可以实现考虑阻尼材料频变特性的黏弹性阻尼结构的低频声辐射分析，并能解决商业软件无法大批量处理振动结果文件的问题；影响水下目标模型低频振动声辐射的主要目标参数为目标长度、最大半径、基层壳厚度和声学覆盖层厚度。
［结论］基于Kriging 代理模型的水下目标参数识别方法可以通过声辐射线谱特征准确预测水下目标模型的主要目标参数值。
【演讲稿范文】We're going to go on a dive to the deep sea， and anyone that's had that lovely opportunity knows that for about two and half hours on the way down， it's a perfectly positively pitch—black world。
And we used to see the most mysterious animals out the windowthat you couldn't describe these blinking lights —— a world of bioluminescence， like fireflies。
Dr。
Edith Widder —— she's now at the Ocean Research and Conservation Association —— was able to come up with a camera that could capture some of these incredible animals， and that's what you're seeing here on the screen。
好了，我们即将潜入海底深处。
任何一个有过这种美妙机会的人都知道在这两个半小时的下降过程中，是一个完全漆黑的世界。
我们透过窗户会看见世界上各种最神秘的动物，各种无法形容的动物。
这些闪亮着的光，完美地构成了如萤火虫般发光的世界。
研究保护协会的Edith Witter博士发明了一种照相机，这种照相机可以拍下这些令人难以置信的生物。
这就是你现在在屏幕上看到的。
That's all bioluminescence。
