2013-2014年北京科技大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题试题试卷汇编

2014年考研英语真题参考答案（翻译题） 2014年硕⼠研究⽣⼊学考试已经结束，为了⼤家更好的估分，店铺考研频道为您第⼀时间发布2014年英语考研真题及答案解析，欢迎⼤家阅读参考。

关注本⽹站栏⽬及栏⽬，了解最新科⽬解析动态。

2014年考研英语考试已结束，2014年考研英语翻译题参考答案，⼀起来看看吧! 2014年的考研英语终于在今天下午落下帷幕，今年的翻译题难度基本与往年持平，对于有些同学来说或略有简单。

预计平均分会等于或⾼于往年，下⾯我们逐个分析翻译的句⼦： 46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it and not grasp music itself. 此句考察的主要是it形式主语和时间状语从句，注意articulate our reactions to it的翻译，此处可理解为清楚的表达对⾳乐的反应，其他的部分我们⽐较好理解。

参考答案：这也是为什么当我们尝试⽤语⾔来描述⾳乐时，我们能清楚的表达对⾳乐的反应，但并没有领会⾳乐的精髓。

47. By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let along the performance, of his works. 此句考察的是并列句与插⼊语，我们可以逐个翻译and链接的语群，重点理解by all accounts: 据⼤家所说。

let along the performance：更不⽤说表演，根据语境我们可以与作品⼀起翻译为：他作品和他演出。

育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年考研真题及解析，最全、最完整版，来育明，赠送真题、免费答疑北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号：357试题名称：英语翻译基础（共3页）适用专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

=============================================================================================================一、英汉互译短语翻译（30分）IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency)GNP(Gross National Product)Gini coefficientcarbon taxresource recyclingquantitative easinggenetically modified foodurbanization ratio核心竞争力资源配置绿色增长可燃冰社交网络雾霾碳交易二、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）In1992,Deng underscored the need to follow through on the“modernisation”course that heinitiated in the1980s and he emphasised the need for the economy to strengthen investment and become far more export-oriented.These policies,pursued by Deng’s successors,spurred extraordinary overall economic growth including the emergence from poverty into the mainstream of hundreds of millions of Chinese.Now,however,Xi and Li accept that the era of double-digit annual GDP growth has ended.They are building Communist Party support—and this is why the forthcoming plenary session is important—for rapid action on an economic agenda that they hope can deliver sustained annual growth of between7and7.5per cent.三、将下列短文译为汉语（35分）Seven years ago Beijing’s government set a target of making the city a“liveable”one by2020, with“fresh air and a beautiful environment”.Few praise its plaints abound about its congestion,pollution,desperate shortage of water and hugely expensive housing.Even in the state-controlled media,suggestions are sometimes made that it is time to build a new capital. Beijing has been China’s capital for most of the past600years.Since the Communist victory in 1949,the Chinese have been taught to revere the city as an embodiment of China’s power,the party’s might and their country’s glorious history.To propose a move strikes many as heretical.In recent years,however,some have broken ranks.In2000even China’s then Prime Minister,Zhu Rongji,joined the sceptics.The capital,he declared,might have to move if measures to curb its sandstorms failed.Since then officials have claimed some success in reducing the frequency of these lung-clogging calamities.But other problems have grown.Beijingers fed up with traffic gridlock sometimes pronounce the word“shoudu”,meaning capital,in a different tone so that it sounds like“the most congested”.For much of the year a grey blanket of pollutants shrouds the city.The rate of birth defects has doubled over the past decade.The environment is thought to be a contributory factor. Several scholars have suggested,in newspapers as well as online,that these and other problems would best be solved by relocating the central government.Beijing’s bureaucrats are unlikely to be persuaded.Their privileges,common to all those registered as Beijing citizens(ie,not migrants from other provinces),include readier access thanmost other Chinese have to some of the country’s best educational and medical facilities.Some local officials in places favoured by scholars as potential capital sites have been proclaiming their merits.But given the allure of Beijing’s amenities,it is little wonder that the central authorities keep quiet.四、将下列段落译为英语（25分）今年是中国发展进程中不平凡的一年。

2021 年北京科技大学 211 翻硕英语考研真题I.Vocabulary and Structure ( 30 points, 1 point each, 60 minutes)Directions: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, orD.1.It was nearly always organized by the government, although some club members acted their own initiative.2.by B.on C.with D.in3.4.saving B.to save C.saved D.save5.Modern bodies are especially to cancer, because technology produces waste that inhibits their proper functioning.6.relevant B.invulnerable C.prone D.attractive7.Some of his plans were impractical and good for his work, but he never wavered in what he considered just.8.too much B.much too C.so much D.much so9.Supporters praised the action as a speedy and judicious solution, but critics condemned it as and unfairly influenced by recent events.10. A.delayedB.indisposedC.hastyD.imperious11.It is odd that a person’s worth is measured by his wealth, instead people’s character should be measured by their value to society.12.wh ile B.so C.because D.when13.Du ring the 17th century many artists became involved in color theory andpainting for enlightenment.14.looked up to B.looked out C.lookedon D.looked to15.No government can meet thedemand for ever more sophisticated medical technology by an aging population.16.intransigent B.insatiable C.ingenious D.inglorious17.It is difficult to distinguish between the things that celebrities do and those that are carefully contrived for effect.18.reluctantly B.publicly C.spontaneously D.prolifically19.The monkeys in the zoo are a group, because primates are inevitably and build their lives around each other.20.social B.independent C.stable D.curious21.When economy, language, culture and history interact, people begin to view them as subjects rather than isolated ones.22.idiosyncratic B.integral C.synchronized D.synthesized23.24.give out B.give away C.give of D.give off25.Even though formidable winters are the norm in this region, people wereunprepared for the of the blizzard that year.dness B.ferocity C.inevitability D.probability27.28.prolific B.prominent C.promising D.marginalized29.All are in the stages, until architectural historians survey each house to determine which have historic value.30.preliminary B.primary C.prevalent D.predicative31.He has unusual insight and imagination, which has made him succeed innew and fundamental principles well in advance of their general recognition.32.coordinating B.discerning C.acknowledging D.dispelling33.The storyline of the novel was extremely involved and included many lesser characters to the central events.34.consequential B.peripheral C.indispensable D.permeating35.Once I finally finding a definition, I see that it was never any such thing.36.get across to B.get away with C.get round to D.get in with37.Despite the fact that the life span of animals is conveniently divided into separate stages, those periods are not truly .38.distinct B.continuous C.reflexive D.codependent39.In spite of among scientists, and years of contentious discussion, the claim that earthquake can be predicted with great precision prevails.40.reception B.popularity C.skepticism D.antipathy41.No dictionary can really capture something as fleeting and as slang.42.equivocal B.equitable C.equable D.ephemeral43.They bought up pieces of old furniture and passed them as valuable antiques.44.out B.by C.away D.off45.46.in B.under C.to D.with47.48.infinity B.conformity C.affinity D.fluidity49.It is no accident that most people find his book disturbing, for it is calculated to undermine a number of beliefs they have long .50.cherished B.denied C.anticipated D.misunderstood51.Although the passage of years has softened the initially hostile reaction to his poetry, even now only a few independent observers his works.A.52.The exhibition, though small in scale, succeeded in its members with a firm sense of self-worth and purpose.53.endowing B.imbuing dening D.providing54.We were all impressed by the style of his books which is strongly of Virginia Woolf’s novels.55.reminiscent B.symptomatic C.indicative D.imitative56.Historian can “Augustan peace” only by failing to recognize that this peace in many respects resemble that of death.57.demand B.ridicule C.applaud D.disapprove58.II.described B.acknowledged C.overlooked D.authenticatedIII.Section IDirections: In this section there are two reading passages followed by multiple choice questions.Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet. Passage OneMuch of this eavesdropping has long been surmised, and none of it is necessarily illegal.America gives wide powers to its law-enforcement and spy agencies.They are overseen by Congress and courts, which issue orders to internet firms.Afghanistan and Iraq.And the public seems happy: if there were another attack on America, Mr Snowden would soon be forgotten.Yet because the spies choose what to reveal about their work, nobody can judge if the cost and intrusion are proportionate to the threat.One concern is the size, scope and cost of the security bureaucracy: some 1.4 million people have “top secret”clearances of the kind held by Mr Snowden.Is that sensible?A second worry is the effect on America’s ties with other countries.The administration’s immediate response to the PRISM revelation was that Americans have nothing to fear: it touched only foreigners.That adds insult to injury in countries that count themselves as close American allies: the European Union, in particular, fastidiously protects its citizens’ data.Fears abound that the spy agencies practice a cynical swap, in which each respects the letter of the law protecting the rights of its own people—but lets its allies do the snooping instead.Lawyerly officials denials of such machinations fail to reassure because of the third worry: the governments acting outside public scrutiny are not to betrusted.James Clapper, America’s director of national intelligence, told Congress in March that the NSA does not gather data on “millions of Americans”.He now says he answered in “the least untruthful manner” possible.Trawls through big databases may produce interesting clues—but also life-ruining false alarms, especially when the resulting decisions are cloaked in secrecy.Those on “no-fly lists”, which ban an unknown number of people from most air travel, are not told what they have done wrong and cannot clear their names.In desperation, 13 American citizens, including some who were exiled from their own country by the travel ban, are suing the government.Our point is not that America’s spies are doing the wrong things, but that the level of public scrutiny is inadequate and so is the right of redress.Without these, officials will be tempted to abuse their powers, because the price of doing so is small.This is particularly true for those who bug and ban.1.According to the passage, which of the following statements about vigilance is true?A.President Obama describes the spying as a defense of security.B.Americans differ in their attitude towards the government’s vigilance.C.The administration and Congress feel ashamed of the spying.D.America’s law-enforcement and spy agencies are not entitled to spy.2.The sentence in paragraph two “if there were another attack on America, Mr Snowden would soon be forgotten” probably means .A.Americans need divert their attention from the spying event.B.Vigilance would be accepted by the public if America was faced with danger.C.Mr Snowden’s revelation of PRISM would be forgotten sooner or later.3.Americans have the following concerns regarding vigilance EXCEPT .A.Spy agents leave Americans little privacy and less security.B.Spying will dama ge America’s relation with other countries.C.It is not sensible to devote much money and energy to vigilance.D.There lacks effective scrutiny of the government’s surveillance.4.The case that some citizens are banned from air travel in paragraph 7 is presented to illustrate .A.the efficiency of spyingB.the absurdity of the banC.the inadequacy of the spying systemD.the interesting findings of spying5.What is the author’s stance on vigilance by the government?A.Vigilance does more harm than good to American citizens.B.Protection of society is merely an excuse for illegal vigilance.C.The legitimacy of vigilance is still open to discussion.D.Vigilance is necessary but should be better scrutinized by the public.Passage TwoToo many of the findings that fill the academic ether are the result of shoddy experiments or poor analysis.A rule of thumb among biotechnologyEven when flawed research does not put people’s lives at risks—and much of it is too far from the market to do so—it squanders money and the efforts of some of the world’s best minds.The opportunity costs of stymied progress are hard to quantify, but they are likely to be vast.And they could be rising.every academic post.Nowadays verification does little to advance a researcher’s career.And without verification, dubious findings live on to mislead.Careerism also encourages exaggeration and the cherry-picking of results.In order to safeguard their exclusivity, the leading journals impose high rejection rates:in excess of 90% of submitted manuscripts.The most striking findings have the greatest chance of making it onto the page.Little wonder that one in three researchers knows of a colleague who has pepped up a paper by, say, excluding inconvenient data from results “based on a gut feeling”.And as more research teams around the world work on a problem, the odds shorten that at least one will fall prey to an honest confusion between the sweet signal of a genuine discovery and a freak of the statistical noise.Conversely, failures to prove a hypothesis are rarely even offered for publication, let alone accepted.“Negative results” now account for only 14% of published papers, down from 30% in 1990.Yet knowing what is false is as important to science as knowing what is true.The failure to report failures means that researchers waste money and effort exploring blind alleys already investigated by other scientists.The hallowed process of peer review is not all it is cracked up to be, either.Whena prominent medical journal ran research past other experts in the field, it found that most of the reviewers failed to spot mistakes it had deliberately inserted into papers, even after being told they were being tested.All this makes a shaky foundation for an enterprise dedicated to discovering the truth about the world.What might be done to shore it up? One priority should be forall disciplines to follow the example of those that have done most to tighten standards.Ideally, research protocols should be registered in advance and monitored in virtual notebooks.This would curb the temptation to fiddle with the experiment’s design midstream so as to make the results look more substantial than they are.Where possible, trial data also should be open for other researchers to inspect and test.6.Which issue about science is mainly addressed in the passage?A.Science calls for more verification.B.Flawed science research does harm to humanity.C.D.An objective evaluation of science is necessary.7.Which of the following statements can best explain the major issue in science?A.Scientific research is too flawed to be turned into productivity.B.Scientists are unwilling to get papers published for promotion.C.D.Peer review mechanism is not fully implemented.8.“cherry-picking of results” in paragraph five refers to .A.overstating the results to get papers publishedB.keeping only positive results to get paper publishedC.selecting only papers with the most favorable resultsD.safeguarding the high quality of experiment results9.According to the passage, negative results in scientific experiments should be.A.B.published to avoid unnecessary waste of money and effortC.D.adapted to incorporate with a new hypothesis10.The passage suggests the following solutions to the issue in science EXCEPT.A.implementing higher standards in scientific experimentB.carrying out larger scale of inspection and test of trial dataC.allocating more funding for the verification of science resultsD.speeding up the application of science results to the marketSection IIDirections: Read the following two passages and answer in COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow the passages.Write your answers in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.Passage ThreeThe American dream has taken hit after hit the past half-decade.It just suffered another blow, based on a new poll.Yet young people seem determined to turn things around, giving us all cautious cause for optimism.When writer James Truslow Adams coined the phrase in 1931 he called the American dream “that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement.” So it was all about opportunity, which largely has disappeared amid a poor job market, heavy debts, and wages that have stalled for 25 years.All this pessimism would be deadly troublesome if not for one thing: young people aren’t buying it.More than half of teens in the poll say it’s better to be a kid today, and nearly half say that when they are their parents’ age they will have more opportunity—not less.Maybe that’s because young people learned a lot during the Great Depression.They saw their parents get socked.But with no real assets at risk themselves they came through it unscathed, financially speaking, and yet took the lessons to heart and are more conscious about spending and debt than Mom and Dad have been.11.What is the passage mainly about?12.What specific aspects about American dream are discussed in the passage?13.How do you interpret the first sentence in p aragraph eight: “All the pessimism would be deadly troublesome if not for one thing: young people aren’t buying it.”?14.What is the author’s attitude towards the issue being discussed?15.Could you give a title to the passage?Passage FourIt’s an exciting notion that one’s very self could be broadened by the mastery of two or more languages.In obvious ways (exposure to new friends, literature and so forth) the self-reality is broadened.Yet it is different to claim—as many people do—to have a different personality when using a different language.A former colleague, for example, reported being ruder in Hebrew than in English.So what is going on here?Benjamin Lee Whorf, an American linguist who died in 1941, held that each language encodes a worldview that significantly influences its speakers.Often called “Whorfinanism”, this idea has its skeptics.But there are still good reasons to believe language shapes thought.This influence is not necessarily linked to the vocabulary or grammar of a second language.Significantly, most people are not symmetrically bilingual.Many have learned one language at home from parents, and another later in life, usually at school.So bilinguals usually have different strengths and weaknesses in their different languages—and they are not always best in their first language.For example, when tested in a foreign language, people are less likely to fall into a cognitive trap (answering a test question with an obvious-seeming but wrong answer) than when tested in their native language.In part this is because working in a second language slows down the thinking.No wonder people feel different when speaking them.And no wonder they feel looser, more spontaneous, perhaps more assertive or funnier or blunter, in the language they were reared in from childhood.Many bilinguals are not bicultural.But some are.And of those bicultural bilinguals, we should be little surprised that they feel different in their two languages.Experiments in psychology have shown the power of “priming”—small unnoticed factors that can affect behavior in big ways.Asking people to tell a happy story, for example, will put them in a better mood.The choice between two languages is a huge prime.Speaking Spanish rather than English, for a bilingual and bicultural Puerto Rican in New York, might conjure feelings of family and home.Switching to English might prime the same person to think of school and work.So there are two very good reasons that make people feel different speaking their different languages.We are still left with a third kind of argument, though.People seem to enjoy telling tales about their languages’ inherent properties, and how they influence their speakers.A group of French intellectual worthies once proposed, rather self-flatteringly, that French be the sole legal language of the EU, because of its supposedly unmatchable rigor and precision.Some Germans believe that frequently putting the verb at the end of a sentence makes the language especially logical.We also see some unsurprising overlap with national stereotypes andself-stereotypes: French, rigorous; German, logical; English, playful.Of course.Many languages all around the world are heavily inflected, encoding lots of information in verbs.It would be a striking finding if all of these unrelated languages had speakers more likely to interrupt each other.Welsh, for example, is also both verb-first and about as heavily inflected as Greek, but the Welsh are not known as pushy conversationalists.16.Which statement or notion is under discussion in this passage?17.18.According to the passage, why do people feel different when they speak different languages?19.Why are Greeks likely to interrupt in conversation according to some scholar?20.Does the author agree on the causation from language to personality? How does he argue for or against it?IV.Writing ( 30 points, 60 minutes)。

育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年考研真题及解析，最全、最完整版，来育明，赠送真题、免费答疑北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号：211试题名称：翻译硕士英语（共12页）适用专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

=============================================================================================================I.Vocabulary and Structure(30points,1point each,60minutes)Directions:Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C,or D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.Write your answers on the answer sheet.1.It was nearly always organized by the government,although some club members acted_______their own initiative.A.byB.onC.withD.in2.He redesigned the process,thereby________the company thousands of dollars.A.savingB.to saveC.savedD.save3.Modern bodies are especially______to cancer,because technology produces waste thatinhibits their proper functioning.A.relevantB.invulnerableC.proneD.attractive4.Some of his plans were impractical and________good for his work,but he never wavered inwhat he considered just.A.too muchB.much tooC.so muchD.much so5.Supporters praised the action as a speedy and judicious solution,but critics condemned it as______and unfairly influenced by recent events.A.delayedB.indisposedC.hastyD.imperious6.It is odd that a person’s worth is measured by his wealth,______instead people’s charactershould be measured by their value to society.A.whileB.soC.becauseD.when7.During the17th century many artists became involved in color theory and______painting forenlightenment.A.looked up toB.looked outC.looked onD.looked to8.No government can meet the_______demand for ever more sophisticated medical technologyby an aging population.A.intransigentB.insatiableC.ingeniousD.inglorious9.It is difficult to distinguish between the things that celebrities do______and those that arecarefully contrived for effect.A.reluctantlyB.publiclyC.spontaneouslyD.prolifically10.The monkeys in the zoo are a group,because primates are inevitably______and build theirlives around each other.A.socialB.independentC.stableD.curious11.When economy,language,culture and history interact,people begin to view them as_______subjects rather than isolated ones.A.idiosyncraticB.integralC.synchronizedD.synthesized12.Retired people are often willing to_______their time to help with community project.A.give outB.give awayC.give ofD.give off13.Even though formidable winters are the norm in this region,people were unprepared for the_______of the blizzard that year.dnessB.ferocityC.inevitabilityD.probability14.The committee provides funding to_______artists like those of women and of color,in thehopes of rectifying a historical inequality.A.prolificB.prominentC.promisingD.marginalized15.All are in the_____stages,until architectural historians survey each house to determine whichhave historic value.A.preliminaryB.primaryC.prevalentD.predicative16.He has unusual insight and imagination,which has made him succeed in______new andfundamental principles well in advance of their general recognition.A.coordinatingB.discerningC.acknowledgingD.dispelling17.The storyline of the novel was extremely involved and included many lesser characters_______to the central events.A.consequentialB.peripheralC.indispensableD.permeating18.Once I finally_______finding a definition,I see that it was never any such thing.A.get across toB.get away withC.get round toD.get in with19.Despite the fact that the life span of animals is conveniently divided into separate stages,thoseperiods are not truly_______.A.distinctB.continuousC.reflexiveD.codependent20.In spite of_______among scientists,and years of contentious discussion,the claim thatearthquake can be predicted with great precision prevails.A.receptionB.popularityC.skepticismD.antipathy21.No dictionary can really capture something as fleeting and______as slang.A.equivocalB.equitableC.equableD.ephemeral22.They bought up pieces of old furniture and passed them______as valuable antiques.A.outB.byC.awayD.off23.That reason was unique human has come_____increasingly skeptical scrutiny:moreresearchers at least entertain the notion that some animals can think.A.inB.underC.toD.with24.Sam was a complete country man,with a pronounced______with nature in all its forms.A.infinityB.conformityC.affinityD.fluidity25.It is no accident that most people find his book disturbing,for it is calculated to undermine anumber of beliefs they have long_______.A.cherishedB.deniedC.anticipatedD.misunderstood26.Although the passage of years has softened the initially hostile reaction to his poetry,even nowonly a few independent observers_______his works.A.neglectB.criticizementD.praise27.The exhibition,though small in scale,succeeded in_______its members with a firm sense ofself-worth and purpose.A.endowingB.imbuingdeningD.providing28.We were all impressed by the style of his books which is strongly________of Virginia Woolf’snovels.A.reminiscentB.symptomaticC.indicativeD.imitative29.Historian can_______“Augustan peace”only by failing to recognize that this peace in manyrespects resemble that of death.A.demandB.ridiculeC.applaudD.disapprove30.Everything becomes collectable in time,particularly when its history and date of manufacturecan be________.A.describedB.acknowledgedC.overlookedD.authenticatedII.Reading Comprehension(40points,2points each,60minutes)Section IDirections:In this section there are two reading passages followed by multiple choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage OneConstant vigilance:that is the task of the people who protect society from enemies intent on using subterfuge and violence to get their way.It is also the watch word of those who fear that the protectors will pursue the collective interest at untold cost to individual rights.Edward Snowden,a young security contractor,has come down on one side of that tussle by leaking documents showing that the National Security Agency(NSA)spied on millions of Americans’phone records on the internet activity of hundreds of millions of foreigners.The documents,published by the Guardian and the Washington Post,include two big secrets. One is a court order telling Verizon,a telecoms company,to hand over“metadata”,such as the duration,direction and location of subscribers’calls.The other gives some clues about a programme called PRISM,which collects e-mails,files and social-networking data from firms such as Google,Apple and Facebook.Much of this eavesdropping has long been surmised,and none of it is necessarily illegal.America gives wide powers to its law-enforcement and spy agencies.They are overseen by Congress and courts,which issue orders to internet firms.Barack Obama has responded to the leaks by saying that he“welcomes”a debate on the trade-off between privacy,security and convenience.Despite the president’s words,however,the administration and much of Congress seem unwilling to talk about the programmes they oversee; and the politicians and executives who do want to speak out are gagged by secrecy laws.Opinion polls show that Americans are divided about the merits of surveillance—which is partly because they know so little about what is going on.But spying in a democracy depends for its legitimacy on informed consent,not blind trust.You might argue that the spies are doing only what is necessary.Al-Qaeda’s assaults on September11th2001demonstrated to politicians everywhere that their first duty is to ensure their own citizens’safety.With Islamist bombers,there is a good case for using electronic surveillance: they come from a population that is still hard for Western security services to penetrate,and they make wide use of mobile phones and the internet.The NSA’s boss,Keith Alexander,says the ploys revealed by Mr Snowden have stopped dozens of plots.The burden on society of sweeping up information about them has been modest compared with the wars launched against Afghanistan and Iraq.And the public seems happy:if there were another attack on America,Mr Snowden would soon be forgotten.Yet because the spies choose what to reveal about their work,nobody can judge if the cost and intrusion are proportionate to the threat.One concern is the size,scope and cost of the security bureaucracy:some1.4million people have“top secret”clearances of the kind held by Mr Snowden. Is that sensible?A second worry is the effect on America’s ties with other countries.The administration’s immediate response to the PRISM revelation was that Americans have nothing to fear:it touched only foreigners.That adds insult to injury in countries that count themselves as close American allies:the European Union,in particular,fastidiously protects its citizens’data.Fears abound that the spy agencies practice a cynical swap,in which each respects the letter of the law protecting the rights of its own people—but lets its allies do the snooping instead.Lawyerly officials denials of such machinations fail to reassure because of the third worry:the governments acting outside public scrutiny are not to be trusted.James Clapper,America’s director of national intelligence,told Congress in March that the NSA does not gather data on“millions of Americans”.He now says he answered in“the least untruthful manner”possible.Trawls through big databases may produce interesting clues—but also life-ruining false alarms,especially when the resulting decisions are cloaked in secrecy.Those on“no-fly lists”,which ban an unknown number of people from most air travel,are not told what they have done wrong and cannot clear their names. In desperation,13American citizens,including some who were exiled from their own country by the travel ban,are suing the government.Our point is not that America’s spies are doing the wrong things,but that the level of public scrutiny is inadequate and so is the right of redress.Without these,officials will be tempted to abuse their powers,because the price of doing so is small.This is particularly true for those who bug and ban.Spooks do need secrecy,but not on everything,always and everywhere.Officials will complain that disclosure would hinder their efforts in what is already an unfair fight.Yet some operational efficiency is worth sacrificing,because public scrutiny is a condition for popular backing.Even allowing for the need to keep some things clandestine,Americans need a clearer idea of what their spies are doing in their name.1.According to the passage,which of the following statements about vigilance is true?A.President Obama describes the spying as a defense of security.B.Americans differ in their attitude towards the government’s vigilance.C.The administration and Congress feel ashamed of the spying.D.America’s law-enforcement and spy agencies are not entitled to spy.2.The sentence in paragraph two“if there were another attack on America,Mr Snowden wouldsoon be forgotten”probably means________.A.Americans need divert their attention from the spying event.B.Mr Snowden matters little compared to America’s potential enemies.C.Vigilance would be accepted by the public if America was faced with danger.D.Mr Snowden’s revelation of PRISM would be forgotten sooner or later.3.Americans have the following concerns regarding vigilance EXCEPT_____.A.Spy agents leave Americans little privacy and less security.B.Spying will damage America’s relation with other countries.C.It is not sensible to devote much money and energy to vigilance.D.There lacks effective scrutiny of the government’s surveillance.4.The case that some citizens are banned from air travel in paragraph7is presented to illustrate________.A.the efficiency of spyingB.the absurdity of the banC.the inadequacy of the spying systemD.the interesting findings of spying5.What is the author’s stance on vigilance by the government?A.Vigilance does more harm than good to American citizens.B.Protection of society is merely an excuse for illegal vigilance.C.The legitimacy of vigilance is still open to discussion.Vigilance is necessary but should be better scrutinized by the public.翻译硕士词汇辨析5award,rewardaward,reward的用法award v.指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予。

育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年考研真题及解析，最全、最完整版北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号：211试题名称：翻译硕士英语（共12页）适用专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

=============================================================================================================I.Vocabulary and Structure(30points,1point each,60minutes)Directions:Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C,or D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.Write your answers on the answer sheet.1.It was nearly always organized by the government,although some club members acted_______their own initiative.A.byB.onC.withD.in2.He redesigned the process,thereby________the company thousands of dollars.A.savingB.to saveC.savedD.save3.Modern bodies are especially______to cancer,because technology produces waste thatinhibits their proper functioning.A.relevantB.invulnerableC.proneD.attractive4.Some of his plans were impractical and________good for his work,but he never wavered inwhat he considered just.A.too muchB.much tooC.so muchD.much so5.Supporters praised the action as a speedy and judicious solution,but critics condemned it as______and unfairly influenced by recent events.A.delayedB.indisposedC.hastyD.imperious6.It is odd that a person’s worth is measured by his wealth,______instead people’s charactershould be measured by their value to society.A.whileB.soC.becauseD.when7.During the17th century many artists became involved in color theory and______painting forenlightenment.A.looked up toB.looked outC.looked onD.looked to8.No government can meet the_______demand for ever more sophisticated medical technologyby an aging population.A.intransigentB.insatiableC.ingeniousD.inglorious9.It is difficult to distinguish between the things that celebrities do______and those that arecarefully contrived for effect.A.reluctantlyB.publiclyC.spontaneouslyD.prolifically10.The monkeys in the zoo are a group,because primates are inevitably______and build theirlives around each other.A.socialB.independentC.stableD.curious11.When economy,language,culture and history interact,people begin to view them as_______subjects rather than isolated ones.A.idiosyncraticB.integralC.synchronizedD.synthesized12.Retired people are often willing to_______their time to help with community project.A.give outB.give awayC.give ofD.give off13.Even though formidable winters are the norm in this region,people were unprepared for the_______of the blizzard that year.dnessB.ferocityC.inevitabilityD.probability14.The committee provides funding to_______artists like those of women and of color,in thehopes of rectifying a historical inequality.A.prolificB.prominentC.promisingD.marginalized15.All are in the_____stages,until architectural historians survey each house to determine whichhave historic value.A.preliminaryB.primaryC.prevalentD.predicative16.He has unusual insight and imagination,which has made him succeed in______new andfundamental principles well in advance of their general recognition.A.coordinatingB.discerningC.acknowledgingD.dispelling17.The storyline of the novel was extremely involved and included many lesser characters_______to the central events.A.consequentialB.peripheralC.indispensableD.permeating18.Once I finally_______finding a definition,I see that it was never any such thing.A.get across toB.get away withC.get round toD.get in with19.Despite the fact that the life span of animals is conveniently divided into separate stages,thoseperiods are not truly_______.A.distinctB.continuousC.reflexiveD.codependent20.In spite of_______among scientists,and years of contentious discussion,the claim thatearthquake can be predicted with great precision prevails.A.receptionB.popularityC.skepticismD.antipathy21.No dictionary can really capture something as fleeting and______as slang.A.equivocalB.equitableC.equableD.ephemeral22.They bought up pieces of old furniture and passed them______as valuable antiques.A.outB.byC.awayD.off23.That reason was unique human has come_____increasingly skeptical scrutiny:moreresearchers at least entertain the notion that some animals can think.A.inB.underC.toD.with24.Sam was a complete country man,with a pronounced______with nature in all its forms.A.infinityB.conformityC.affinityD.fluidity25.It is no accident that most people find his book disturbing,for it is calculated to undermine anumber of beliefs they have long_______.A.cherishedB.deniedC.anticipatedD.misunderstood26.Although the passage of years has softened the initially hostile reaction to his poetry,even nowonly a few independent observers_______his works.A.neglectB.criticizementD.praise27.The exhibition,though small in scale,succeeded in_______its members with a firm sense ofself-worth and purpose.A.endowingB.imbuingdeningD.providing28.We were all impressed by the style of his books which is strongly________of Virginia Woolf’snovels.A.reminiscentB.symptomaticC.indicativeD.imitative29.Historian can_______“Augustan peace”only by failing to recognize that this peace in manyrespects resemble that of death.A.demandB.ridiculeC.applaudD.disapprove30.Everything becomes collectable in time,particularly when its history and date of manufacturecan be________.A.describedB.acknowledgedC.overlookedD.authenticatedII.Reading Comprehension(40points,2points each,60minutes)Section IDirections:In this section there are two reading passages followed by multiple choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage OneConstant vigilance:that is the task of the people who protect society from enemies intent on using subterfuge and violence to get their way.It is also the watch word of those who fear that the protectors will pursue the collective interest at untold cost to individual rights.Edward Snowden,a young security contractor,has come down on one side of that tussle by leaking documents showing that the National Security Agency(NSA)spied on millions of Americans’phone records on the internet activity of hundreds of millions of foreigners.The documents,published by the Guardian and the Washington Post,include two big secrets. One is a court order telling Verizon,a telecoms company,to hand over“metadata”,such as the duration,direction and location of subscribers’calls.The other gives some clues about a programme called PRISM,which collects e-mails,files and social-networking data from firms such as Google,Apple and Facebook.Much of this eavesdropping has long been surmised,and none of it is necessarily illegal.America gives wide powers to its law-enforcement and spy agencies.They are overseen by Congress and courts,which issue orders to internet firms.Barack Obama has responded to the leaks by saying that he“welcomes”a debate on the trade-off between privacy,security and convenience.Despite the president’s words,however,the administration and much of Congress seem unwilling to talk about the programmes they oversee; and the politicians and executives who do want to speak out are gagged by secrecy laws.Opinion polls show that Americans are divided about the merits of surveillance—which is partly because they know so little about what is going on.But spying in a democracy depends for its legitimacy on informed consent,not blind trust.You might argue that the spies are doing only what is necessary.Al-Qaeda’s assaults on September11th2001demonstrated to politicians everywhere that their first duty is to ensure their own citizens’safety.With Islamist bombers,there is a good case for using electronic surveillance: they come from a population that is still hard for Western security services to penetrate,and they make wide use of mobile phones and the internet.The NSA’s boss,Keith Alexander,says the ploys revealed by Mr Snowden have stopped dozens of plots.The burden on society of sweeping up information about them has been modest compared with the wars launched against Afghanistan and Iraq.And the public seems happy:if there were another attack on America,Mr Snowden would soon be forgotten.Yet because the spies choose what to reveal about their work,nobody can judge if the cost and intrusion are proportionate to the threat.One concern is the size,scope and cost of the security bureaucracy:some1.4million people have“top secret”clearances of the kind held by Mr Snowden. Is that sensible?A second worry is the effect on America’s ties with other countries.The administration’s immediate response to the PRISM revelation was that Americans have nothing to fear:it touched only foreigners.That adds insult to injury in countries that count themselves as close American allies:the European Union,in particular,fastidiously protects its citizens’data.Fears abound that the spy agencies practice a cynical swap,in which each respects the letter of the law protecting the rights of its own people—but lets its allies do the snooping instead.Lawyerly officials denials of such machinations fail to reassure because of the third worry:the governments acting outside public scrutiny are not to be trusted.James Clapper,America’s director of national intelligence,told Congress in March that the NSA does not gather data on“millions of Americans”.He now says he answered in“the least untruthful manner”possible.Trawls through big databases may produce interesting clues—but also life-ruining false alarms,especially when the resulting decisions are cloaked in secrecy.Those on“no-fly lists”,which ban an unknown number of people from most air travel,are not told what they have done wrong and cannot clear their names. In desperation,13American citizens,including some who were exiled from their own country by the travel ban,are suing the government.Our point is not that America’s spies are doing the wrong things,but that the level of public scrutiny is inadequate and so is the right of redress.Without these,officials will be tempted to abuse their powers,because the price of doing so is small.This is particularly true for those who bug and ban.Spooks do need secrecy,but not on everything,always and everywhere.Officials will complain that disclosure would hinder their efforts in what is already an unfair fight.Yet some operational efficiency is worth sacrificing,because public scrutiny is a condition for popular backing.Even allowing for the need to keep some things clandestine,Americans need a clearer idea of what their spies are doing in their name.1.According to the passage,which of the following statements about vigilance is true?A.President Obama describes the spying as a defense of security.B.Americans differ in their attitude towards the government’s vigilance.C.The administration and Congress feel ashamed of the spying.D.America’s law-enforcement and spy agencies are not entitled to spy.2.The sentence in paragraph two“if there were another attack on America,Mr Snowden wouldsoon be forgotten”probably means________.A.Americans need divert their attention from the spying event.B.Mr Snowden matters little compared to America’s potential enemies.C.Vigilance would be accepted by the public if America was faced with danger.D.Mr Snowden’s revelation of PRISM would be forgotten sooner or later.3.Americans have the following concerns regarding vigilance EXCEPT_____.A.Spy agents leave Americans little privacy and less security.B.Spying will damage America’s relation with other countries.C.It is not sensible to devote much money and energy to vigilance.D.There lacks effective scrutiny of the government’s surveillance.4.The case that some citizens are banned from air travel in paragraph7is presented to illustrate________.A.the efficiency of spyingB.the absurdity of the banC.the inadequacy of the spying systemD.the interesting findings of spying5.What is the author’s stance on vigilance by the government?A.Vigilance does more harm than good to American citizens.B.Protection of society is merely an excuse for illegal vigilance.C.The legitimacy of vigilance is still open to discussion.D.Vigilance is necessary but should be better scrutinized by the public.英语倍数句型及其译法英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样，其中有一些（如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、（12）等，见圈码）很容易译错——其主要原因在于：英汉两语在表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。

/北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 213 试题名称：翻译硕士日语（共 10 页）适用专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

=============================================================================================================一、次の日本語の外来語を中国語に、中国語を日本語に訳しなさい。

（1×10＝10点）例レーダー（雷达）领导人（リーダー）1センター（）2アクセサリー（）3スポーツ（）4クリーニング（）5パソコン（） 6礼仪（）7队伍（） 8大楼（）9规则（） 10印象（）二、次の下線部の平仮名の漢字を括弧の中に書き、そして訳しなさい。

（1×10＝10点）例家にかえる。

（帰）11電車はもう横浜駅にとうちゃくしました。

（）（）12友達とれんらくします。

（）（）13私はもとより行くきはない。

（）（）14新鮮な野菜はえいようがある。

（）（）15べんきょうがむずかしい。

（）（）16親にたのんでみます。

（）（）17この部屋はレモンのかおりがする。

（）（）18さいきんはうんどうしていません。

（）（）19私はげんきな人が好きです。

（）（）20明日のゆうがた、名古屋に行きます。

（）（）三、＿＿＿のところに何を入れるか。

A～Dから最も適切なものを一つ選びなさい。

（1×30＝30点）21 この子はいつも外であそび＿＿＿。

Aたがります Bたいです Cやすいです Dましょう22 先生にお子さんの写真を見せて＿＿＿。

北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题北京科技大学本校各专业考研资料北科考研就找老大哥QQ 931679601 店铺 老大哥整理发布============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 240 试题名称：单独考试英语（共10页）适用专业：单独考试各专业说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

=========================================================================================================== Part I: Vocabulary (20 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each)Section ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.1. If you your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want.A. lessenB. moderateC. dismissD. overcome2.The professor's argument was reasonable, but the audience did not agree with his conclusion.A. suspiciouslyB. seeminglyC. criticallyD. theoretically3. I suppose I'll have to look for a job；I'll either have to find a rich wife or starve. A．otherwise B. that's why C. else D. on the other hand4.Many photographers prefer to take pictures when they can take advantage of the special effects of the setting sun.A．at twilight B. at noon C. in the morning D. in the fall5. The finance question must be answered with in order to relieve the investors' fears of fraud.A．accuracy B. exactness C. precision D. correction6. The survival of some wild animals is not very high as they are ruthlessly hunted for their skins.A．ratio B. proportion C. rate D. scale7. So far as he could，John had always tried to the example he saw in Lincoln.A．live up to B. set forth C. call for D. cut out8. The students gradually a knowledge of the subject.A．acquired B. attained C. achieved D. obtained9. He didn't openly attack the plan, but his opposition was in his failure to say anything in support of it.A. explicitB. implicitC. decisiveD. obvious10. The newly-built bridge that the river is convenient to the people living in this area. A．traverses B. spans C. protects D. overlooksSection BDirections: In this section, there are ten sentences with one word or phrase underlined each. Choose one of the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word.11. She didn't openly attack the plan，but her opposition was implicit in her failure to say anything in support of it.A．explicit B. obvious C. decisive D. underlying12. When he was very young，he was afflicted with paralysis.A．troubled B. bothered C. influenced D. stricken13. She was still writing away furiously when the bell went.A．continually B. hard C. easily D. continuously14. A good dictionary is indispensable for learning English.A. indifferentB. indivisibleC. essentialD. elective15. The severe earthquake damaged buildings as well as public or personal property in them. A．materials B. substances C. possessions D. qualities16. At first I wasn't able to identify my brother in the crowd as he had changed so much since his departure.A．make up B. make out C. make for D. make in17. Some people persist in the practice of some very old customs or traditions just because they enjoy doing so.A．endure B. support C. stick to D. continue in18. The teacher told stories about Washington and Lincoln in respect to the importance of being honest.A．in connection with B. in case ofC．along with D. together with19. Being infamous for his dishonesty in business matters，the man had few friends.A．fresh B. immediate C. notorious D. famous20. He was very careful in whatever he did lest something unfavourable might be written into his record.A．if only B. for fear that C. unless D. otherwisePart II Cloze Test(20 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given below. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets.It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases __21__ the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be __22__ in our past experience, which are brought into the present __23__ memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep __24__ available for later use. It includes not only "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is __25__ when a rat gives up eating grain because he hassniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-ole child learns to swing a baseball bat.Memory __26__ not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer __27__ that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100 000 "words"--ready for __28__ use. An average American teenager probably recognizes the meanings of about 100 000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total __29__ of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of facts and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings.A large part of a person's memory is in terms of words and __30__ of words.21. A. of B. to C. for D. on22. A. keep B. found C. sought D. stored23. A. by B. from C. with D. in24. A. experiences B. bases C. observations D. information25. A. called B. taken C. involved D. included26. A. exists B. appears C. affects D. seems27. A. to B. with C. against D. for28. A. progressive B. instructive C. instant D. protective29. A. deal B. number C. mount D. amount30. A. combinations B. connections C. co-ordinations D. collectionsPart III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes, 40 points)Section A (30 points, 1.5 points each)Directions: In this part there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers. Choose the one you think is the best answer and mark your choice on the Answer Sheet. Passage OneQuestions 31-35 are based on the following passage:All along the chain of biological evolution, the extinction of species appears to have been a stage in the process of adapting genetic lineages to changing environmental conditions. Although some catastrophic extinction occurred naturally, producing total loss of a genetic line, such catastrophes were comparatively rare. In modern times, however, human activities have altered the fundamental nature of this process, resulting in nearly total genetic losses.It is not difficult to gain general agreement that man-induced increases in the endangerment and extinction of wildlife-whether due to habitat alteration or loss, pollution, insufficiently regulated hunting, or other factors -are undesirable. It is, however, more difficult to obtain consensus when consideration is given to the economic costs of correcting such trends, including natural habitat preservation, regulation of pesticides and other toxic substances, and wildlife and park management. Endangered species often are, in effect, competitors with humans for habitat and other resources which also provide other kinds of human uses and needs.Measures needed to protect endangered species vary considerably in difficulty and cost. Of the approximately 400 invertebrate species which at present appear to be threatened, for example, about one-third could probably be restored by such inexpensive means as modifying theboundaries of designated natural areas, acquiring and protecting caves and other small areas which contain the particular species, and additional management of parks and refuges.Another one-third of the endangered lower animal species are threatened principally by water pollution and could be protected by improved control, particularly of five southern rivers.The remaining one-third of the 400 endangered shellfish species would be considerably more difficult to protect. These are threatened by complex factors, such as overcorrecting, channelization, highway and housing development, dams, introduced species such as the Asian snail, dredging, quarry washing, poor erosion control, and lowering of water tables.The identification of threatened species and other significant wildlife trends must precede any corrective measures, and our knowledge base for making such identification is deficient in many respects. Our present lists of threatened species and subspecies are known to be incomplete, except in those geographical areas which contain habitats of species that have important commercial or sports harvest value.31. The passage is primarily concerned with discussing ________.A. the catastrophes in history which caused the extinction of total speciesB. the ways to protect endangered speciesC. the characteristics of threatened speciesD. the significance of protecting threatened species32. What's the author's attitude toward the view that it is catastrophes that result in the totalgenetic losses?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Neutral.D. Enthusiastic.33. With which if the following statements would the author most likely agree?A. People haven't realized the impact of human activities on the extinction of wildlife.B. It is difficult for people to agree to protect endangered species at considerable economic cost.C. Endangered species can provide human beings with a variety of useful resources.D. Similar measures can be taken to protect various endangered species.34. The author mentions all of the following as threats to shellfish species except ________.A. highway and housing developmentB. poor erosion controlC. overpopulation of shellfishD. lowering of water tables35. Given the information in the passage, which of the following is not true of wildlife protection?A. The identification of threatened species should come before correction.B. We have gained sufficient knowledge for making identification of endangered species.C. Our present lists of threatened species are incomplete.D. Some geographical areas contain habitats of species that have important commercial value. Passage TwoQuestions 36-40 are based on the following passage:Researchers have learned to mix optimism with caution, and some of their results are demonstrating definite promise.When Matthew During and Michael Kaplitt first went hunting for capital to commercialize their research in gene therapy, their timing couldn't have been worse. It was the fall of 1999, just after teenager Jesse Gelsinger died in a clinical trial of gene therapy - the use of genes to delivermedicines to diseased cells. Together, During and Kaplitt were able to scrape up an initial $2.5 million. "Maybe we were arrogant to think we could start something at that time," Kaplitt concedes. Today, the two physician founders of Neurologix, in Fort Lee, N.J., are feeling much more upbeat. They're searching for $10 million to fund a pivotal trial in Parkinson's disease, and they expect to find it.Others are also prospecting in the once-neglected field of gene therapy. On Nov. 7, Colgate-Palmolive invested $20 million in Austin-based Introgen Therapeutics, which is pursuing novel remedies for oral cancer.And the Michael J. Fox Foundation is about to award its first-ever grant for gene therapy research. The $750,000 will go to San Diego-based Ceregene, which, like Neurologix, is zeroing in on a treatment for Parkinson's, the disease that afflicts actor Fox. Ceregene also raised $32 million in venture capital last year.Recent success stories in clinics and labs add to the sense that gene therapy is moving back into the mainstream. China has been quietly approving such treatments. And on Nov. 22, Genzyme (GENZ), in Cambridge, Mass., announced it will spend $3.2 million to acquire a manufacturing facility that will make several gene therapy treatments, including one aimed at a common condition among the elderly called peripheral arterial disease."We've been in gene therapy a long time, and we've seen the ups and downs," says Richard Gregory, Genzyme's senior vice-president of research. "But we're optimistic."36. What were things like when Matthew During and Michael first raise money for their study of gene therapy?A. They were very lucky.B. They were very confident.C. A teenager died in a lab experiment of gene therapy.D. People's confidence in gene therapy was unreasonably high.37. The word "upbeat" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________.A. proudB. optimisticC. anxiousD. serious38. All the following diseases are mentioned in the passage except __________.A. Down's syndromeB. Parkinson's diseaseC. oral cancerD. peripheral arterial disease39. What do we know about the research of gene therapy?A. In the 20th century, gene therapy was suspected and neglected.B. Gene therapy becomes the prevailing method of treating patients now.C. San Diego-based Ceregene has achieved nothing in gene therapy research so far.D. The successes of gene therapy in clinics and labs restore people's confidence in gene therapy.40. What is the author's attitude towards gene therapy?A. optimisticB. pessimisticC. indifferentD. neutralPassage ThreeQuestions 41-45 are based on the following passage:We are all interested in equality, but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality, others, still in the name of equality, want only to destroy it.Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils. The standards may be changed--no examination is perfect--but to have no external tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards. There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in external examinations or in any controls in schools or on teachers. This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency, the ideals and the purpose of each teacher.Without external examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them--a form of favoritism will replace equality. At the moment, the bright child from an ill-respected school can show certificates to prove he or she is suitable for a job, while the lack of certificate indicates the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well-respected school. This defense of excellence and opportunity would disappear if external examinations were taken away, and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school's reputation, unable to compete for employment with the child from the favored school.The opponents of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils. According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class. They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are presumably selected by some computer.These people are not just against school organization, but are at war with the whole idea of modern competitive society and they are using children in schools for their destructive purposes. There is no reason why we should allow such people to determine the way our schools are organized when it is to the obvious disadvantage of the pupils, of the schools and of our society asa whole.41. What is the opinion of the writer?A. We cannot have standards because examinations are not perfect.B. Without examinations there would be no standards.C. Standards must keep changing in order to achieve equality.D. Changing the standards could mean the end of equality.42. What is the situation at the moment?A. A school's reputation is not very important, as long as a certificate.B. A bright child doesn't need certificates to get a job.C. Children attending well-respected schools do not get certificates.D. Many children who are suitable for a job have no proof of their suitability.43. According to the writer, what would happen if external examinations were taken away?A. Children from poor families would not be able to change school.B. There would be no more opportunities and no more excellence.C. Schools for bright children would lose their reputation.D. Going to a favored school would be the only way to get a good job.44. According to the writer, the opponents of the examination system say that ________.A. computers should be selected to take over many jobsB. particular people should not be chosen for particular jobsC. examinations are only bad when they show differences between peopleD. schools specializing in academic subjects should be done away with45. In what way do the opponents of the examination system want to influence schools?A. They want children to compete more in school.B. They want to reorganize schools.C. They want schools to be more modern.D. They want to destroy schools.Passage FourQuestions 46-50 are based on the following passage:The exclusive emphasis on economics is yielding to an appreciation of politics. After all, before free market can thrive you need political stability. Technology is still seen as a powerful tool, but one that can have harmful as well as beneficial consequences (as Osama bin Laden has brutally shown). Most important, the global trading system is becoming more democratic, with countries like India, China and Brazil demanding a voice in the shape of trade negotiations. This too could be for the best. If a few concessions and delays mean that the free-trade system will have greater legitimacy in the developing world, it is a price well worth paying.Even September 11 could be even more beneficial. In the past four months the world has seen what American political leadership and power can do when it is ambitious, energetic and internationally minded. It is time for American economic leadership to be similarly active and visionary. Treasury Secretary Paul O'Neill's speech at the forum was an interesting beginning. O'Neill talked about changing the loans-and-grants system to developing countries to help them help themselves. He talked about insisting on internal legal and political reforms. He pointed out that foreign aid rarely works. His critiques of the current system was sharp, but anyone can criticize. The point is to fix things. He should take this opportunity to present a series of broad American initiatives that would broaden and deepen globalization.Washington should lead the developed world by responding to the legitimate demands of the developing world on trade-that means agriculture and anti-dumping. Hormats argues for a reform of the major international economic groups and institutions. A new system of effective foreign aid could have massive economic and political benefits for the whole world.In the wake of World War II, the Truman administration set up the global economic institutions that have secured and steered the world economy ever since. Throughout the cold war, America pushed for free trade as part of an overall strategy to combat communism and shore up the free world. Making globalization work better and for more people is not simply smart economics. It is a vital part of a new national-security strategy for America.46. Which of the following is more emphasized now after September 11?A. Domestic economy.B. Politics.C. National Security.D. Global unity in fighting terrorism.47. What does Hormats argue for?A. The developing countries have to help themselves.B. A new system of effective foreign aids will work well.C. The USA pushed and will push free trade world widely to combat communism.D. The foreign aids rarely work.48. What makes the author's opinion different from O'Neill's?A. The author thought that O'Neill's talk was not to the point.B. The author didn't like the talker personally.C. O'Neill should have presented what to do to improve the economic globalization.D. The author thought what O'Neill said was precise, but not workable.49. What does the author intend to say through the last paragraph?A. The Americans should follow Truman's global economic policy.B. The author suggests that the USA should have done more.C. The USA should pursue to combat the communism in economic competition.D. The Americans may live in luxurious and quiet surroundings under the conditions of theglobalization.50. The topic that best fits the passage is ___________.A. The National Security Strategy of the USAB. The Globalization of Economy and National Security Strategy of the USAC. The World Economic ForumD. International Economic GlobalizationSection B (10 points, 2 points each)Directions: Read the following passage and complete the sentences with the information from the passage in NO MORE THAN 10 words for each sentence.Living standards have soared during the twentieth century, and economists expect them to continue rising in the decades ahead. Does that mean that we human can look forward to increasing happiness?Not necessarily, warns Richard A. Easterlin, an economist at the University of Southern California, in his new book, Growth triumphant: the Twenty-first Century in Historical Perspective. Easterlin concedes that richer people are more likely to report themselves as being happy than poorer people are. But steady improvements in the American economy have not been accompanied by steady increases in people's self-assessment of their own happiness. "There has not been improvement in average happiness in the United States over almost a half century-a period in which real GDP per capita more than doubled," Easterlin reports.The explanation for this paradox may be that people become less satisfied over time with a given level of income. In Easterlin's word: "As incomes rise, the aspiration level does too, and the effect of this increase in aspirations is to vitiate the expected growth in happiness due to higher income."Money can buy happiness, Easterlin seems to be saying, but only if one's amounts get bigger and other people aren't getting more. His analysis helps to explain sociologist Lee Rainwater's finding that Americans' perception of income "necessary to get along" rose between 1950 and 1986 in the same proportion as actual per capita income. We feel rich if we have more than our neighbors, poor if we have less, and feeling relatively well off is equated with being happy.Easterlin's findings challenge psychologist Abraham Maslow's "hierarchy of wants" as a reliable guide to future human motivation. Maslow suggested that as people's basic material wants are satisfied they seek to achieve nonmaterial or spiritual goals. But Easterlin's evidence points to the persistence of materialism."Despite a general level of affluence never before realized in the history of the world,"Easterlin observes, "Material concerns in the wealthiest nations today are as pressing as ever and the pursuit of material need as intense." The evidence suggests there is no evolution toward higher order goals. Rather, each step upward on the ladder of the economic development merely stimulates new economic desires that lead the chase onward. Economists are accustomed to deflating the money value of national income by the average level of prices to obtain "real" income. The process here is similar-real income is being deflated by rising material aspiration, in this case to yield essentially constant subjective economic well-being. While it would be pleasant to envisage a world free from the pressure of material want, a more realistic projection, based on the evidence, is of a world in which generation after generation thinks it needs only another 10% to 20% more income to be perfectly happy.Needs are limited, but not greed. Science has developed no cure for envy, so our wealth boosts our happiness only briefly while shrinking that of our neighbors. Thus the outlook for the future is gloomy in Eaterlin's view."The future, then, to which the epoch of modern economic growth is leading is one of never ending economic growth, a world in which ever growing abundance is matched by ever rising aspirations, a world in which cultural difference is leveled in the constant race to achieve the good life of material plenty, it is a world founded on belief in science and the power of rational inquiry and in the ultimate capacity of humanity to shape its own destiny. The irony is that in the last respect the lesson of history appears to be otherwise: that there is no choice. In the end, the triumph of economic growth is not a triumph of humanity over material wants; rather, it is the triumph of material wants over humanity.51. What does "this paradox" in paragraph 3 refer to?52. Why will higher income not always bring more happiness?53. When will a person feel happy according to Easterlin?54. How does Easterlin's findings differ from Maslow's theory?55. What does Easterlin think of the future of the world?Part IV Translation (40 minutes, 20 points )Section ADirections:Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.56. We often hear that computers are cold and inhuman, but in fact many people are more comfortable with a computer than with another person. Computers are patient and do not judge the people who use them. Many students who would be embarrassed to show a teacher that they do not understand something are happy to ask a computer questions. Some patients would rather explain their health problems to a computer than to a doctor. There is even a computer program which deals with psychological problems. The program has become popular because many people feel uncomfortable discussing such problems with another person.Section BDirections:Translate the following passage from Chinese into English.57. 教育不是目的，而是达到目的的一种手段。

2013年北京语言大学211翻译硕士英语考研试题翻译硕士英语考研试题（（回忆版回忆版））一、grammar and vocabulary （20*1．5）覆盖面几乎都是语法，有几个词汇题，语法以考察非谓语动词、主谓一致、虚拟语气为主，另涉及到一些固定短语的搭配，但都不难，单词的辨析也不是很难，结合前三年的回忆版，我觉得以后大家在复习这道题型时主要还是以基础语法为主，复习专四那样复习就够了。

二、阅读阅读（（20*2）1．前三篇文章的选择题基本上都有1道词汇题（文中词汇，问其近义词），三个词汇分别是despendent, prevalent, pandemic ，其他的题型就是定位于原文段落中的句子的理解、还有问整篇文章是关于什么的，还有就是下列选项哪个是正确的。

A ．是racial discrimination 和social violence 的文章B ．是facial expression 和 emotion 讲的是世界不同文化的人们即使言语不通也会有某些共同表情，而且不同表情对心理的影响不同C ．貌似是专四真题或者是模拟题，是关于亚非拉地区传染病防治的2．第四道阅读题为回答问题型，两道大题，其中第一道大题有两问，整篇文章是将文中划线部分用自己的话表达出来。

EDW ARD THOMAS was a late starter to poetry. “I couldn’t write a poem to save my life,” he declared aged 35, when a “literary hack” of minor biographies and travel memoirs, struggling to support a wife and three children. A year later, and three years before he was killed by a passing shell in the Arras offensive in the first world war, he had written and published some of the finest poems to come out of Britain at the beginning of the 20th century.What changed Thomas from a middling prose writer to a dazzling poet is the central theme of Matthew Hollis’s engaging new book, which won two awards for biography when it came out in Britain last year and is just now being published in America. Mr Hollis, a poet and editor, focuses on the last five years of Thomas’s life before he died in 1917.His book begins in London, where Thomas visits a new bookshop dedicated to poetry that had just opened in “shady Bloomsbury”. Around this shop circled the poets that made up literary London at that time: Ezra Pound, an American, who would greet startled visitors to his flat in a purple dressing gown; W.B. Yeats, an Irish poet and playwright who shunned newfangled electricity in favour of candlelight for his evening readings; and Rupert Brooke, a dashing young English poet, who would die a soldier in 1915 from an infection caught while stationed near Greece, and whose poetry sold 250,000 copies in the decade after his death.Less glamorous or eccentric than these figures, Thomas was a prolific and occasionally acerbic book reviewer, six feet tall, “slim, loose-limbed and vigorous”, who struggled with near-suicidal depression. He had married while still an undergraduate at Oxford and his relationship with his wife Helen was a troubled one. He often spent time away on the long journeys needed for his travel books, such as the “The Icknield Way”.Mr Hollis is adept at evoking the atmosphere of the time, and at negotiating the complicated friendships and squabbles between these poets. But it is when Thomas meets Robert Frost, a“Yankee” poet determined to be published in Britain that his book comes to life. It was Frost—a stocky, quick-tempered figure—who persuaded Thomas to write poems, and who believed that “words exist in the mouth, not in books”. Once Thomas decided to write verse, he did so quickly. Spurred on by Frost, and by the oncoming threat of war, at one point he wrote nearly a poem a day, including his much loved “Adlestrop” with its “lazed, heat-filled atmosphere…of that last summer before the war”. Mr Hollis re-creates Thomas’s process of writing by comparing the differing drafts of his poems, giving life to his process of composition, and charting the correspondence between Thomas and Frost once the latter had moved back to America.In many ways, Thomas was a difficult, reticent figure, who was quite capable of signing off letters to his mother “Yours ever, Edward Thomas”. Even after he had enrolled in the Artists Rifles regiment, he remained painfully shy about his work, hiding his poetry among calculations on the trajectory of shells, or disguising it as prose. This may be one reason why Mr Hollis tends to address his subject formally throughout his book, frequently by his full name, and does not delve—beyond polite speculation—into the various extramarital romances Thomas may have had. Those who want such details will have to go elsewhere. Instead, Mr Hollis captures something far greater than a man’s personal life, and far more elusive: the desire and struggle to write, even when you begin, as Thomas put it, “at 36 in the shade”.1．Describe Edward Thomas's personal detail and his literary career2．Explain the sentences in line三、写作Define the word "integrity" and explain its importance in our social life（题目是”integrity“，问其为何在社会生活中很重要）。

北京科技大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、英汉互译短语翻译(总题数：15，分数：30.00)1.Producer Price Index (PPI)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.cap and trade（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.middle income trap（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.electoral college（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.glass ceiling（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.Engle Coefficient（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.停火协议（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.摇摆州（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.单位国内生产总值能源消耗（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.扩大内需（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.高速铁路（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.转变经济发展方式（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.资源节约型、环境友好型社会（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.循环经济（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________二、将下列段落译为汉语(总题数：1，分数：25.00)16.As China"s economy has boomed over the past 30 years, the number of young people going into private business has grown accordingly. "Diving into the sea" of commerce, or xia hai as it is known, became accepted as the way to make money and get ahead, and interest in government jobs declined. Over the past decade, though, in an extraordinary reversal, young jobseekers have been applying in droves for government posts, even as the economy has quadrupled in size.On November 25th the national civil-service examinations will take place, and about 1.4m people will sit them, 20 times more than a decade ago. Of that number, only 20, 800 will be hired by government (millions more sit the equivalent provincial exams with similarly long odds of being hired). This increase is due in part to a surge in the number of university students entering an intensely competitive market for jobs—nearly 7m graduated this year, compared with 1.5m a decade ago. It is also thanks to health, pension and (sometimes) housing benefits, which are seen as generous and permanent in a society with an underfunded safety net—a modern version of the unbreakable Maoist "iron rice-bowl" of state employment.（分数：25.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________三、将下列短文译为汉语(总题数：1，分数：35.00)17.China has long fretted that it lacks a great modern literary voice with international appeal. In 1917 Chen Duxiu, an influential intellectual and later founding member of the Communist Party, asked: "Pray, where is our Chinese Hugo, Zola, Goethe, Hauptmann, Dickens or Wilde?" In recent years this has developed into a full-blown "Nobel Complex". For a period in the 1980s the quest for a Nobel Prize in literature was made official policy by the party, eager for validation of its growing power and cultural clout.Now, at last, the Chinese have something to crow about. On October 11th Mo Yan, a Chinese writer, won the 2012 prize. The Nobel committee lauded what it called the "hallucinatory realism" of his works, which mix surreal plots with folk tales and modern history.Mr. Mo writes within a system of state censorship. He is widely read and respected within China. He is also a Communist Party member and vice-chairman of the state-run China Writers" Association. When the Nobel award was announced, Chinese television channels interrupted their programming to announce the news. Thousands of China"s microbloggers congratulated Mr. Mo. A publisher under the Ministry of Education says it was already planning to include a Mo Yan novella in a school textbook.（分数：35.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________四、将下列段落译为英语(总题数：1，分数：25.00)18.欧洲应对欧债问题走在正确的道路上，当前关键是把各项政策措施落到实处。