2018考研南京航空航天211翻译硕士英语真题

南京航空航天大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:620满分:150 分科目名称:基础英语注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I. Vocabulary (20 points)A.Choose the word or phrase marked A, B, C, and D to best correspond to the word above. Be sure to writedown your choice on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. obliviousa) subtle b) obviousc) unaware d) unknown2. divergencea) connection b) differencec) depletion d) isolation3. incongruousa) inappropriate b) unusualc) suitable d) consistent4. resourcefula) thoughtful b) wittyc) excited d) delighted5. reproacha) movement nearer to a person or thingb) an act of thinking about something carefullyc) a feeling of great sadnessd) an act of blaming somebody6. consolidatea) strengthen b) take care ofc) encourage d) support7. masculinitya) heroism b) a process of an actionc) manliness d) frustration8. pejorativea) full of praise b) existing widelyc) humorous d) expressing disapproval9. coveta) want b) protectc) hide d) consider10. shrug offa) destroy b) laugh atc) dismiss d) removeB. Directions: Explain the italicized words in the following sentences with simple, everyday words or expressions in English. Be sure to write down your explanation on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. Peter was conspicuous for his queer jeans.2. The King’s English should not be laid down as an edict, and made immune to change from below.3. Alice is so fastidious about her food that I never invite her for dinner.4. With a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city.5. Rebellion was not confined to the United States, but affected the entire Western world as a result of theaftermath of the first serious war in a century.6. She laughed at my clumsy compliment and said I had better take to writing fashion articles instead ofpolitical leaders.7. This ideal “parcel” service is also a plus for the shipowners not to be dependent on only one customer.8. The storm of abuse in the popular press that greeted the appearance of the new dictionary is a curiousphenomenon.9. “I got a curious nature, ma’am. How’d you figure where your husband was?”10. On the day of the bombing I ran all over the city looking for missing friends and relatives, and I thoughtsomehow I had been spared.II. Cloze (20 points)A.Fill in each of the following blanks with a suitable word in its proper form and write down the requiredword on the answer sheet. (10 points)Earlier today, my colleague Derek Thompson argued that; it’s misleading to think of marriage 1 a “luxury good”. Why? Because luxury goods are something the 2 buy and the poor can’t afford. But in the case of 3 the trend is more complex. The vast majority of Americans tie the knot at some point in their lives, he argues. It’s just that those 4 a college education are far, far more likely to get divorced. Marriage is for everyone; failed marriages are 5 the poor.Bleak stuff. But it’s getting bleaker.Derek’s post is based 6 a long-term study of young Baby Boomers, who were at least 46 7 old by 2010. But among younger Americans, marriage really is looking more and more 8 something you’d have to buy at Tiffany's. According to 2012 Census Bureau report, 9 shows the percentage of men who have never married by age and income, the less a guy earns nowadays, the 10 likely they are to have ever gotten married.Well, that’s not l00 percent true. Among twenty-somethings there seems to be a rich bachelor 11 going on (or an overworked young professional effect, if you prefer). Those making $75,000 or more are somewhat less likely to have been married than 12 making between $40,000 and $75,000.This particular set of Census data unfortunately tells us much less about 13 and marriage. The problem: Stay-at-home moms.The key to remember, though, is that many educated, high-earning women, the sorts who are likely to meet and 14 educated and high-earning men, leave the workforce or go part time once they have children. So apublicist who once made over $70,000 a year might 15 earn $20,000 if she decided 16 work fewer hours while 17 for her children at home.Here’s why this trend--not just the move towards divorce like Derek talked about, 18 the move from marriage entirely -- is so gloomy. Getting married, and staying married, is 19 of the surest ways of securing a middle class life. By choosing 20 to wed in the first place, the poor are abandoning that chance at stability.B. Fill in each blank with a proper word from the following box. Change its form if necessary and write down the required word on the answer sheet. (10 points)lean to sound spread by down cry lap presence one before pagoda attack into assassinate sorrowput gloom turn forgivenessNEW DELHI, JANUARY 30, 1948 -- Mohandas K. Gandhi was 1 today by a Hindu extremist whose act plunged India into 2 and fear.Rioting broke out immediately in Bombay.The seventy-eight-year-old leader whose people had christened him the Great Soul of India died at 3:45 P.M. (1:15 A M. EST) with his head cradled in the 3 of his sixteen-year-old granddaughter, Mani.Just half an hour before, a Hindu fanatic, Ram Naturam, had pumped three bullets from a revolver 4 Gandhi’s frail body, emaciated by years of fasting and asceticism.Gandhi was shot in the luxurious gardens of Birla House in the 5 of one thousand of his followers, whom he was leading to the little summer pagoda where it was his habit 6 make his evening devotions.Dressed as always in his homespun, sacklike dhoti, and 7 heavily on a staff of stout wood, Gandhi was only a feet from the 8 when the shots were fired.Gandhi crumpled instantly, 9 his hand to his forehead in the Hindu gesture of10 to his assassin.Three bullets penetrated his body at close range, one in the upper right thigh, one in the abdomen, and 11 in the chest.The shots 12 like a string of firecrackers and it was a moment 13 Gandhi’s devotees realized what had happened. Then they 14 on the assassin savagely and would have torn him to bits had not police guards intervened with rifles and drawn bayonets.Over all India the word 15 like wildfire. Minutes after the flash was received in Bombay rioting broke out, with Hindu extremists 16 Moslems. A panic-stricken Moslem woman echoed the thoughts of thousands with a 17 : “God help us all!”In Delhi itself, in the quick-gathering 18 of the night, the news set the people on the march.They walked slowly 19 the avenues and out of the squalid bazaars, converging on Birla House. There 20 the thousands they stood weeping silently or moaning a wailing.III. Error correction (20 points)Directions: There are twenty mistakes in the following passage. You are required to underline or mark the mistakes and get them corrected. Be sure to write down the correct form on the answer sheet.Exa mple: “Wordsworth is said to have ∨most fascinating voice!” theLike the life span, the metabolic rate has, for differentorganisms, a fixed mathematical relationship to the body mass.In comparison to the life span, this relationship is “inverted”: thelarger the organism, the low its metabolic rate. Such relationship 1. __________is valid not only for birds, but also for other organisms.Animals which behave “frugal” with energy become 2. __________particularly old, for example, crocodiles and tortoises. Parrots andbirds of prey are often held chain up. Thus they are not able to 3. __________“experience life” and so they can attain a high life span incaptivities. Animals which save energy by hibernation live much 4. __________longer than those which are always active. The metabolic rate ofa mice can be reduced by a very low consumption of food. They 5. __________then may live twice as long as their well-fed comrades. Womenbecome distinctively older than men. If you examine the metabolic 6. __________rates of the two sexes, you establish that the higher male metabolicrate roughly accounts for the short male life span. That means that 7. __________they live life “energetically” --- more intensely, but not for as long.It follows from the above that sparing use of energy reservesshould tend to extend life. Extremely high performance sports 8. _________may lead to optimal cardiovascular performance, but they quitecertainly do not prolong life. Relaxation lowers metabolic rate,like does adequate sleep. Each of us can develop his or her own 9. __________“energy saving programme” with a little self-observation andself-control. Experience will show that live in this way not only 10. __________ increases the life span but also is very healthy.IV. Paraphrase (30 points)Directions: Restate the following sentences in another form in English to clarify the meaning. Be sure to write down your restatement on the answer sheet.1. As you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the mutedcloth market.2. I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had nothing to do with anything aNippon railways official might say.3. Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef.4. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by.5. Carla fled away from her parents because she wanted to lead an authentic kind of life.6. New York was never a good convention city but it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction.7. Wearing that Dior dress, she made everyone else in a room or street look cheap.8. Let us remember that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.9. Perhaps the child was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition, andneglect.10. Thanks to a lifetime of sitting in this position his left leg is warped out of shape.V. General Knowledge (20 points)A. Directions: Choose the best to fill in the blank or answer the question.(10 points)1. What kind of figure of speech is used in lines “Till all the seas gone dry, my dear,/ And the rocks melt with the sun,/ And I will love thee still, my dear.”A. oxymoronB. metonymyC. understatementD. hyperbole2. ____ is defined as “an author’s careful arrangement of incidents in a narrative to achieve a desired effect.”A. settingB. toneC. plotD. exposition3. As a literary approach, ____ can be defined as a discourse that concerns itself particularly with literature written in English in formerly colonized countries.A. Marxist criticismB. Feminist criticismC. Postcolonial CriticismD. Psychoanalysis criticism4. Which one of the following plays is not regarded as the most important tragedies of William Shakespeare?A. Romeo and JulietB. OthelloC. King LearD. Macbeth5. The publication of ___ symbolized the real beginning of British Romanticism.A. Lyrical BalladsB. Leaves of GrassC. Pride and PrejudiceD. Walden6. ___ won the 2017 Nobel Prize for Literature.A. Alice MunroB. Doris LessingC. Margaret AtwoodD. Kazuo Ishiguro7. All theories about the origin of language are hypothetical in nature. Which of the following is not a theory / hypothesis about the origin of language?A. Innateness hypothesis.B. The evolutionary theory.C. The divine-origin theory.D. The invention theory.8. Which of the following falls under the category of semantics?A．PS Rules B. IC AnalysisC. Componential AnalysisD. Error Analysis9. ___ is designed to discover mainly what the testee does not know about the language. A test of such kindcan help the teacher to find out what is wrong with the previous learning and what should be included in the future teaching work.A. Achievement testB. Proficiency testC. Diagnostic testD. Aptitude test10. Which of the following descriptions about the London School is INCORRECT?A. One of the chief representatives of London School is M.A.K. Halliday.B. It stresses the importance of context of situation aspect of language.C. It stresses the importance of the system aspect of language.D. It is best known for its contribution to phonology.B. Directions: Candidates are FREE to choose any FIVE from the following TEN terms and explain them in plain English on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. Endocentric construction2. Syntax3. Assimilation4. Functional sentence perspective5. Cohesion6. Stream of Consciousness7. Gothic fiction8. Critical Realism9. Protagonist10. Harlem RenaissanceVI. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked［A］,［B］,［C］or［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Be sure to write down your choice on the answer sheet.Passage AIn the first age, we created gods. We carved them out of wood; there was still such a thing as wood, then. We forged them from shining metals and painted them on temple walls. They were gods of many kinds, and goddesses as well. Sometimes they were cruel and drank our blood, but also they gave us rain and sunshine, favourable winds, good harvests, fertile animals, many children. A million birds flew over us then, a million fish swam in our seas.Our gods had horns on their heads, or moons, or sealy fins, or the beaks of eagles. We called them All-Knowing, we called them Shining One. We knew we were not orphans. We smelled the earth and rolled in it; its juices ran down our chins.In the second age we created money. This money was also made of shining metals. It had two faces: on one side was a severed head, that of a king or some other noteworthy person, on the other face was something else, something that would give us comfort: a bird, a fish, a fur-bearing animal. This was all that remained of our former gods. The money was small in size, and each of us would carry some of it with him every day, as close to the skin as possible. We could not eat this money, wear it or burn it for warmth; but asif by magic it could be changed into such things. The money was mysterious, and we were in awe of it. If you had enough of it, it was said, you would be able to fly.In the third age, money became a god. It was all-powerful, and out of control. It began to talk. It began to create on its own. It created feasts and famines, songs of joy, lamentations. It created greed and hunger, which were its two faces. Towers of glass rose at its name, were destroyed and rose again. It began to eat things. It ate whole forests, croplands and the lives of children. It ate armies, ships and cities. No one could stop it. To have it was a sign of grace.In the fourth age we created deserts. Our deserts were of several kinds, but they had one thing in common: nothing grew there. Some were made of cement, some were made of various poisons, some of baked earth. We made these deserts from the desire for more money and from despair at the lack of it. Wars, plagues and famines visited us, but we did not stop in our industrious creation of deserts. At last all wells were poisoned, all rivers ran with filth, all seas were dead; there was no land left to grow food.Some of our wise men turned to the contemplation of deserts. A stone in the sand in the setting sun could be very beautiful, they said.You who have come here from some distant world, to this dry lakeshore and this cairn, and to this cylinder of brass, in which on the last day of all our recorded days I place our final words: Pray for us, who once, too, thought we could fly.1. According to the passage, money is “mysterious” because it ___.A. can speak to human beings.B. seems to be omnipotent.C. is a symbol of wealth.D. is a sign of grace.2. In the passage, “age” refers to ____.A. Different phases of civilization.B. The recorded year in human history.C. Different social systems in human history.D. The scale of intelligence of human beings in history.3. Which of the following statement about gods described in the passage is true?A. Gods always bless human beings.B. Gods are more often than not ferocious in the age of metals.C. Gods are created, carved out of wood or metals.D. Gods are symbols of huma n’s greed.4. Which of the following statements about “deserts” is NOT true?A. No life survives in the deserts.B. Deserts are nothing but a process of desertification.C. It is human being’s greed for money that leads to the prevalence of deserts.D. Deserts result in wars, plagues and famines, which causes more deserts.5. From this passage, we know that ____.A. Human beings will go extinct by themselves one day.B. Human beings are living in the fourth age.C. The earth will become more and more inhabitable since there will never be enough money.D. The author is pessimistic of the future of human beings.Passage BSafety is a concern of everyone who flies or contemplates it. I can provide you with volumes of information about the attention to safety given by the airline industry. No other form of transportation is as scrutinized, investigated and monitored as commercial aviation.Yet if you decide to hold onto the belief that flying is dangerous, then these reassuring safety facts are lost to you. Statistics and figures that prove airline transportation to be the safest way to travel relate to our logical, reasoning, rational mind. Most passengers who have knowledge of the commercial airline industry believe that flying is safe. But when someth ing occurs that we don’t understand, any of us can become quickly frightened. That’s why I encourage you to study as much as you need to reassure yourself about the industry and to take some of the mystery out of commercial flight.However, some small thing may occur on one of your flights that you haven’t studied. If you become startled or frightened at that time, the statistics that I am about to present may come in handy. An airline accident is so rare, when some unfamiliar noise or bump occurs, your response need not be, “Oh, no! What’s wrong?!” Instead, it can be something like, “I’m not sure what that sound was, but there’s nothing to worry about.” Feel free to press your overhead call button to page a flight attendant whenever you want to ask abou t unfamiliar sights or sounds. But you needn’t jump to fearful conclusions.Dr. Arnold Barnett, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has done extensive research in the field of commercial flight safety. He found that over the fifteen years between 1975 and 1994, the death risk per flight was one in seven million. This statistic is the probability that someone who randomly selected one of the airline’s flights over the 19-year study period would be killed in route. That means that any time you board a flight on a major carrier in this country, your chance of being in a fatal accident is one in seven million. It doesn’t matter whether you fly once every three years or every day of the year.In fact, based on this incredible safety record, if you did fly every day of your life, probability indicates that it would take you nineteen thousand years before you would succumb to a fatal accident.Perhaps you have occasionally taken the train for your travels, believing that it would be safer. Think again. Based on train accidents over the past twenty years, your chances of dying on a transcontinental train journey are one in a million. Those are great odds, mind you. But flying coast-to-coast is ten times safer than making the trip by train.How about driving, our typical form of transportation? There are approximately one hundred and thirty people killed daily in auto accidents. That’s every day -- yesterday, today and tomorrow. And that’s forty-seven thousand killed per year.6. According to the passage, which of the following statement about transportation safety is correct?A. The safety of the train is the most concerned one among people.B. The safety of commercial aviation is the most concerned one among people.C. The safety of driving is the most concerned one among people.D. The safety of different transportations is equally concerned among people.7. Dr. Arnold Barnett’s finding that “the death risk per flight was one in seven million” means ___.A. whether a person flies every three years or every day of the year, he will be safe.B. It is not likely for a person to be in danger during flight.C. The possibility of encountering deadly accident is extremely slim.D. One will die if he flies for seven million times.8. According to the author, for those who worry about the safety of flying, they should ___.A. study the flight industry and disclose the mysteries of it.B. be familiar with the statistics and figures as much as possible.C. not argue with others about the safety of the plane.D. not forget that trains and cars are no safer than flying.9. According to the passage, the author argues that ___.A. trains are not as safe as driving.B. driving is more dangerous so people tend to travel by train.C. taking the train to travel is more dangerous than flying so people tend to take flight.D. people still feel the threat of death even they know flying is rather safe.10. What is the best title for this passage?A. The Safest TransportationB. Safety MattersC. No Statistics, No SafetyD. Misunderstanding about FlyingPassage CN ew nature writing is a relatively new literary genre, but it’s become so popular that Barack Obama included one of these books, H is for Hawk, by Helen Macdonald, in his summer holiday reading list.What is this new genre? New nature writing combines memoir with the author’s experience with nature. The author has suffered a trauma, and they turn to the natural world for solace. In H is for Hawk, Helen Macdonald tells of the unexpected loss of her father in her late thirties. To distract herself from her grief, she attempts to tame a hawk. It’s not surprising that Obama would cho ose this book — he, too, lost hi Similarly, Amy Liptrot, in her book The Outrun, describes her return to the isle of Orkney, where she took long walks and rebuilt a stone wall as a way of recovering from alcohol addiction and the breakup of a relationship. These are but two of many recent examples.Writing about nature as a way of easing the pain of illness or trauma is nothing new, of course. John Keats, for example, wrote his poem Ode to a Nightingale in 1819 as he battled tuberculosis.The natural environment seems not only to help us heal, but also to unblock our creative powers. In his novel Amsterdam, Ian McEwan describes the frustration of his main character, Clive Linley, who feels blockedas he tries to finish a musical composition. He leaves London because, as McEwan writes, Linley knew he “needed mountains, big skies. The Lake District, perhaps”.What is it about nature that’s so healing and so inspiring? It seems that just looking at a natural object has a powerful and positive effect.Roger Ulrich at the University of Delaware examined the medical records of 46 patients who’d undergone gall bladder surgery between 1972 and 1981. Twenty-three of them convalesced in a ward that looked out onto an open space full of trees, while the other 23 had a view of a brick wall. Ulrich found that those who viewed the trees had a shorter post-operative stay and took fewer strong analgesics than did the other patients.Whatever it is that the natural environment does for us —whether it’s something in the environment itself, or the exposure to natural light or an increase in exercise that stimulates the release of endorphins — it seems that experiencing the natural world has great power.Distilling that experience into words, music or art can help us even more. As Helen Macdonald explained in a recent interview, writing down her experiences gave her a sense “that something was done, and it was a goodbye to my father and to that time”.Next time you feel blocked creatively, therefore, or you seek relief from pain as you recover from a trauma, make sure you spend some time in natural surroundings.11. Which one of the following cannot exemplify that nature is a way of relieving pain and trauma?A. H is for HawkB. The OutrunC. “Ode to a Nightingale”D. Amsterdam12. Ulrich’s experiment shows that ___.A. Barack Obama is wise to read the new nature writing.B. patients will never suffer from gall bladder after successful surgery.C. those patients having a view of wall tend to suffer from psychological problem.D. those patients having a view of lives tend to recover better and faster.13. According to the passage, what cannot be concluded or inferred?A. Nature makes people feel peaceful and comfortable.B. Nature will remind people of the sweet memories in the past.C. Nature helps people overcome traumatic experiences.D. Nature is more often than not inspiring for people.14. New nature writing ____.A. is a kind of literary critical approachB. is regarded as a new type of writingC. is not new at all since its relevance to nature writingD. stems from people’s desire to recall the past15. From the passage we know that ___.A. nature is omnipotent.B. nature is full of mysteries which makes it powerful.C. nature can heal, both physically and psychologically.D. nature has healing power and hospitals should be built within nature.Passage DIdentity, as academ ics define it, falls into two broad categories: “achieved” identity derived from personal effort, and “ascribed” identity based on innate characteristics.Everyone has both, but people tend to be most attached to their “best” identity — the one that offers the most social status or privileges. Successful professionals, for example, often define their identities primarily through their careers. For generations, working-class whites were doubly blessed: They enjoyed privileged status based on race, as well as the fruits of broad economic growth.White people’s officially privileged status waned over the latter half of the 20th century with the demise of discriminatory practices in, say, university admissions. But rising wages, an expanding social safety net and new educational opportunities helped offset that. Most white adults were wealthier and more successful than their parents, and confident that their children would do better still. That feeling of success may have provided a sort of identity in itself.But as Western manufacturing and industry have declined, taking many working-class towns with them, parents and grandparents have found that the opportunities they once had are unavailable to the next generation. That creates an identity vacuum to be filled.Arlie Russell Hochschild describes a feeling of lost opportunity. Her subjects felt like they were waiting in a long line to reach the top of a hill where the American dream was waiting for them. But the line’s uphill progress had slowed, even stopped. A nd immigrants, black people and other “outsiders” seemed to be cutting the line.For many Western whites, opportunities for achieved identity — the top of the hill — seem unattainable. So their ascribed identity — their whiteness — feels more important than ever.The formal rejection of racial discrimination in those societies has, by extension, constructed a new, broader national identity. The United States has a black president.But that broadening can, to some, feel like a painful loss, articulated in the demand voiced over and over at Trump rallies.The loss of that comforting hum has accelerated a phenomenon that Robin DiAngelo, calls “white fragility” — the stress white people feel when they confront the knowledge that they are neither special nor the default; that whiteness is just a race like any other. Fragility leads to feelings of insecurity, defensiveness, even threat. And it can trigger a backlash against those who are perceived as outsiders.Even some conservative analysts who support a multieth nic “melting pot” national identity worry that unassimilated immigrants could threaten core national values and cultural cohesion.The struggle for white identity is not just a political problem; it is about the “deep story” of feeling stuck while others move forward.There will not likely be a return to the whiteness of social dominance and exclusive national identity. Immigration cannot be halted without damaging Western nations’ economies; immigrants who have already。

南京航空航天大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:214满分:100 分科目名称:翻译硕士法语注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I: Structure grammaticale et vocabulaire 单项选择（20%）1. On ne sait pas ______ il vient, oùil va, ni qui il est.A. oùB. làoùC. d’oùD. ce qu’2. Elle admire beaucoup l’énergie _______ il mène toute chose.A. qu’B. avec laquelleC. en quoiD. dans laquelle3. Ayant peur ______ par le vent, nous n’avons pas pris le cafésur la terrasse.A. d’être gênésB. d’embeterC. de gênerD. d’être ennuyé4. Pourvu que vous ______ bien votre travail, on vous laissera transquille.A. faitesB. ferezC. avez faitD. fassiez5. L’enfant est roi aujourd’hui, tout le monde ______.A. l’entendB. le supposeC. le constateD. le propose6. La maladie de sa mère est assez grave, dans son cas, un traitement urgent est absolement______.A. disponibleB. dispensableC. indispensableD. inévitable7. V ous m’avez poséune question ______, bien imprécise, ce n’est pas facile àrépondre.A. bien claireB. très drôleC. trop généraleD. assez bête8 Il ne se passe pas une journée ______ il n’y ait d’accident de la route.A. àmoins qu’B. sans qu’C. oùD. tant qu’9. Comme d’habitude, Paul est le premier ______ arriver.A. pourB. deC. enD. à10. ______ de ces voitures sont en panne?A. LesquellesB. DesquellesC. QuellesD. Celles11. Un Français ______ cinq fait aujourd’hui partie de ce qu’on appelle le troisième âge.A. surB. parC. entreD. dans12. Dimanche prochain, Paul va ______ de guide auprès d’une délégation chinoise.A. se servirB. devenirC. se faireD. servir13. Il faut qu’on ______ cette voiture chez un mécanicien.A. conduiseB. dirigeC. rouleD. pilote14. Il a dit qu’il ne buvait plus parce que c’était ______ par le médecin.A. autoriséB. défenduC. prévuD. averti15. Ma femme est très ______ quand je prends l’avion.A. dangereuseB. peurC. inquièteD. crainte16. Maintenant on peut trouver des pommes en ______ saison.A. toutB. tousC. touteD. toutes17. Notre ami nous a réservédes chambres dans ______ hôtel.A. ceB. cetC. cetteD. ces18 ______ retard de Sophie, j’ai manqué l’avion.A. Malgré leB. Grâce auC. Parce queD. A cause du19. David ne m’a pas reconnue, il m’a ______ pour ma soeur.A. prisB. priseC. appriseD. crue20. — Les étudiants n’ont toujours pas compris le texte.— Pourtant je ______ ______ ai déjà expliqué dix fois.A. le leurB. leur l’C. lui l’D. le luiII. Compréhension écrite 阅读理解（10%）1. Texte unUn frère ou une soeur en plusEntre le plus jeune de la famille c’est une position favorable dans bien des cas, mais quand le dernier grand frère n’est pas làpour vous voler vos disques ou votre pull tout neuf, la maison semble parfois un peu vide. Alors on rêve d’avoir une soeur ou un frère pour le remplacer et pour animer la famille.“Vivre sans frontière” vous offre cette possibilité. Si vous le souhaitez et quelques que soient vos raisons, vous pourrez accueillir pendant un an un jeune étudiant étranger: ils ont en général entre 16 et 18 ans, ils viennent de terminer leurs études secondaires dans leur pays d’origine et suivent pendant un an les cours d’un lycée français. Ces étudiants devront être considérés par votre famille comme un enfant en plus qui partagera la vie de tous les jours. V ous, vous découvrirez des habitudes, des façons de penser et vous vous perfectionnerez dans la langue de votre hôte. Et peut-être, qui sait, vous ferez-vous en quelques mois un ami pour la vie?“Vivre sans frontière” est la seule association en France qui organise des échanges de longue durée entre jeunes et familles dans quelques 65 pays du monde.21.Que signifie le titre de ce texte? Ce titre signifie que (qu’) ______A. le nombre des naissances augmente en France.B. il est possible de recevoir des étudiants étrangers.C. chaque famille doit nourrir un enfant de plus.D. dans chaque famille, il y a un garçon ou une fille.bien d’enfants a la mère de famille?A. Un seul enfant.B. Un garçon et une fille.C. Deux garçons.D. Au moins deux garçons.23.Pourquoi la famille veut-elle recevoir un étudiant étranger? Parce qu’ ______A. il ne vous volera pas vos disques.B. il pourra faire le ménage.C. il pourra rendre la famille plus animée et le dernier-né moins seul.D. il y a un pull tout neuf à lui donner.24.Cette possibilité est-elle intéressante pour les jeunes étudiants étrangers? Pourquoi?A. Oui, elle leur permet d’apprendre un métier en France.B. Oui, elle leur permet d’apprendre la langue française.C. Oui, elle leur permet de suivre un an d’études dans une Université française.D. Oui, elle leur permet de rester en France.25.Que signifie “partager la vie de tous les jours”?A. Partager leurs dépenses.B. Suivre les mêmes cours.C. Vivre de la même manière.D. Vivre en commun.Texte deuxSi j’avais la possibilitéde passer plusieurs mois en France, il me semble que je préfèrais m’installer en province. Mais si je devais rester simplement quelques jours ou quelques semaines, je choisirais Paris. Dans ce dernier cas, je viendrais àParis, car c’est la capitale de la France, une ville célèbre entre toutes pour la beauté de ses monuments, la richesse de ses musées, la vie culturelle en général. J’aimerais aussi beaucoup me promener dans les grandes avenues ou les quartiers connus du monde entier: les Champs-Elysées, le boulevard Montparnasse, le quartier Latin, des noms qui font rêver les étrangers.Pourtant, si je devais vivre en France, je choisirais la province, car je pense que la qualité de la vie doit y être meilleure. Une capitale est toujours active, donc, bruyante, et la vie quotidienne y est certainement plus agitée. Par ailleurs, il me semble qu’en province on peut mieux découvrir l’âme du pays. D’abord parce qu’on dispose sûrement de davantage de temps pour la découvrir, et ensuite parce qu’il est probablement plus facile d’entrer en contact avec les gens, sans doute plus disponibles qu’àParis, de leur parler, de les connaître donc et àtravers eux, leur pays.26.“Dans ce dernier cas, je viendrais àParis...” “Dans ce dernier cas” veut dire ______A. “S’il doit rester longtemps en France”.B. “S’il devait rester longtemps en France”.C. “S’il doit rester peu de temps en France”.D. “S’il devait rester peu de temps en France”.27.Paris est connu surtout pour ______A. les grandes avenues.B. la qualitéde la vie.C. les quartiers connus.D. la beautéde ses monuments et la richesse de ses musées.28.Pourquoi l’auteur choisirait-il la province s’il vivait en France?Parce que la vie en province est ______A. calme.B. agitée.C. bruyante.D. difficile.29.Pourquoi est-il facile d’entrer en contact avec les gens en province?Parce que, d’après l’auteur, les gens en province ______A. sont curieux.B. sont bavards.C. ont l’habitude d’être dans la rue.D. sont aimables et serviables.30.Pourquoi peut-on mieux découvrir l’âme du pays en province?Parce qu’en province ______A. il y a beaucoup plus de choses à voir.B. on a plus de temps libre.C. il y a plus de gens dans la rue.D. les gens parlent français plus lentement. III. Version 法译汉（30%）Les rôles inversés?L’expérience des parents ne pèse plus lourd aujourd’hui, car elle n’est plus tout à fait comme auparavant. Aujourd’hui une technique est à peine connue qu’elle est déjàdépassée. Les parents sont souvent obligés de demander aux enfants de les initier aux nouvelles technologies: les rôles se trouvent donc inversés.IV. Thème 汉译法（25%）1.我们班女生没有都走，有两三个留下来整理房间。

2018考研：南京大学翻译硕士考研真题回忆翻译硕士学位获得者通常具有较强的语言运用能力、熟练的翻译技能和宽广的知识面，能够胜任不同专业领域所需的高级翻译工作。

近些年翻译硕士考研报考依旧火爆，竞争激烈度很高。

为了给考生们指点迷津，凯程在此与考生们共享南大往年翻译硕士考研真题盘点。

2015年南京大学外国语学院翻译硕士专业课真题回忆一为学弟学妹，二为纪念这一生难忘的经历，我来回忆南京大学2015年MTI专业课真题啦~~~首先是翻译硕士英语：一、语法题：大意：教师是最令人尊敬的几个职业之一，影响学生、家庭乃至整个社会。

老师与学生分享知识，培养他们独立思考的能力，这样一种有意义的职业每天激励着无数老师早早从床上爬起，blabla.....语法错误：涉及介词短语、名词单复数、谓语冗余、关联词....(其他不记得了)三、阅读题：Angela Chen的文章，叫Is artificial intelligence a threat?大意：机器人有可能会发展到超级智慧的程度，但因inhuman或者说缺乏common sense 而最终会给人类带来毁灭性的灾难，这已经引起了不少知识分子的注意，出现了一些研究这个问题的组织，并且得到了硅谷很多高科技企业的资金支持。

最后说到预防这种灾难的方法，要么是人类的给机器人的指令要特意模糊化，要么是让机器人越来越像人。

阅读理解：我只记得有一题是问作者对super intelligence的态度;词语匹配：不难，基本上读的时候标记的生词就是要找的那个;词义选择：只记得有问panel discussion、leap的意思。

第一道简答题：三问，字数要在150以内，一问superintelligence是什么，二问为什么superintelligence对人类是个威胁，三问文中提到哪些预防方法?第二道简答题：阅读材料：对前面文章的反驳，三四段，两三百单词，大意：一是应该防范现在破坏环境的stupid people，他们才会造成人类毁灭呢;二是superintelligence的机器人也许会super仁慈哦，会饶我们一命哦;三是也许人类只会短暂存在，像恐龙一样，等不到superintelligence出现咯。

2018江苏南京航空航天大学英语翻译基础考研真题Part I. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese.One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ ×15 =15’)1. accident rate2. community of shared interests3. online car-hailing4. Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank5. takeoff runway6. Global Navigation Satellite System7. Remote Sensing Satellite8. spacesuit9. lunar module10. multi-entry visa11. simulated flight test12. space debris13. unmanned spacecraft14. two-dimensional barcode15. cosmic velocityPart II. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English.One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ ×15 =15’)1. 航站楼2. 新常态3. 自贸区4. 供给侧改革5. 人工智能6. 低碳城市7. 量子卫星8. 精准扶贫9. 实名认证10.“丝绸之路经济带”11. 免税店12. 无现金支付13. 带薪休假14. 航天飞机15. 雷达识别Part III. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for30 points an d the total for this part is 60 points (30’ ×2 = 60’).Passage 1Sometimes you’d rather not know the bad news. An estimated 500,000 pieces of space junk—old satellites, rocket parts, debris from collisions—swarm in orbit around Earth. Much of it is potentially deadly: NASA officials say anything larger than 1 centimeter in diameter poses a threat to the International Space Station (ISS). But current tracking systems can generally only watch objects 10 cm or larger, and the U.S. government now follows less than 5% of space hazards—just 23,000 objects. That should change with the addition of a powerful new Air Force radar system, scheduled to break ground this month on Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands.When it comes online in 2019, Space Fence is expected to find and track as many as 150,000additional humanmade objects, some as small as a golf ball, says Dana Whalley,Space Fence program manager, who is stationed at Hanscom Air Force Base in Massachusetts. In addition to enabling the Air Force to better protect Defense Department satellites from collisions, the new system will improve the military’s ability to observe and track foreign satellite activity, especially in the busy Asia-Pacific region.Passage 2Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions,like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair. I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy–ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness – that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what – at last – I have found.Part IV. Translate the following passages from Chinese into English. Each passage accounts for30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’ ×2 = 60’).Passage 1气候变化是当今人类社会面临的共同挑战。

2018江苏南京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语考研真题注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.1.Since the couple would not _____ their differences, they decided to get a divorce.A. resignB. complyC. coincideD. reconcile2.Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt ____ lonely.A. everything butB. all butC. anything butD. nothing but3. If each manager makes his usual speech, the meeting will be _____ about 45 minutes.A. exceededB. delayedC. prolongedD. expanded4.The boy’s father said, “You’ll learn what discipline is like when you go into the army. You can’t do as you like there, you know, you have to _____.”5.If profit and money are your first ______, and commitment to people your least concern, you have failed education.A. potentialityB. priorityC. superiorityD. responsibility6.Her stubbornness _____ her in relationships with other people.A. prevailedB. prohibitedC. hinderedD. forbade7.So far as he could, John had always tried to _____ the example he saw in Lincoln.A. live up toB. set forthC. call forD. cut out8.With sufficient scientific information a manned trip to Mars should be _______.A. obtainableB. potentialC. considerableD. feasible9.The new safety regulations were agreed on after _____ with the workforce.A. conferenceB. participationC. interventionD. consultation10. There is not much time left; so I’ll tell you about it _______.A. in detailB. in beliefC. in shortD. in all11. ______ men have learned much from the behavior of animals is not new.A. ThatB. ThoseC. WhatD. Whether12. He must have had an accident, or he ______ then.A. would have been hereB. had to be hereC, should be hereD. would be here13.The second book was _____ by August 1952, but two years later, the end was still nowhere insight.A. completedB. to have completedC. to completeD. to have been completed14.Only by shouting at the top of his voice ______.A. was he able to make himself hearB. he was able to make himself hearC. he was able to make himself heardD. was he able to make himself heard15. Having no money but _____ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.A. not to want anyoneB. not wanting anyoneC. want no oneD. to want no one16.People who refuse to _____ with the law will be punished.A. obeyB. consentC. concealD. comply17.These excursions will give you an ever deeper ____ into our language and culture.A. inquiryB. investigationC. inputD. insight18.Every society has its own peculiar customs and _____ of acting.A. waysB. behaviorC. attitudesD. means19.If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the way of _____.A. assuranceB. persuasionC. encouragementD. confirmation20.China started its nuclear power industry only in recent years, and should _____ no time in catching up.A. delayB. loseC. lagD. LessenII. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1The report from the Bureau of Labour Statistics was just as gloomy as anticipated. Unemployment in January jumped to a 16‐year high of 7.6 percent, as 598,000 jobs were slashed from US payrolls in the worst single‐month decline since December, 1974. With 1.8 million jobs lost in the last three months, there is urgent desire to boost the economy as quickly as possible. But Washington would do well to take a deep breath before reacting to the grim numbers.Collectively, we rely on the unemployment figures and other statistics to frame our sense of reality. They are a vital part of an array of data that we use to assess if we’re doing well or d oing badly, and that in turn shapes government policies and corporate budgets and personal spending decisions. The problem is that the statistics aren’t an objective measure of reality; they are simply a best approximation. Directionally, they capture the trends, but the idea that we know precisely how many are unemployed is a myth. That makes finding a solution all the more difficult.First, there is the way the data is assembled. The official unemployment rate is the product of a telephone survey of about 60,000 homes. There is another survey, sometimes referred to as the “payroll survey” that assesses 400,000 businesses based on their reported payrolls. Both surveys have problems. The payroll surveycan easily double‐count someone: if you are one person with two jobs, you show up as two workers. The payroll survey also doesn’t capture the number of self‐employed, and so says little about how many people are generating an independent income. The household survey has a larger problem. When asked straightforwardly, people tend to lie or shade the truth when the subject is sex, money or employment. If you get a call and are asked if you’re employed, and you say yes, you’re employed. If you say no, however, it may surprise you to learn that you are only unemployed if you’ve been actively looking for work in the past four weeks; otherwise, you are “marginally attached to the labour force” and not actually unemployed.The urge to quantify is embedded in our society. But the idea that statisticians can then capture an objective reality isn’t just impossible. It also leads to serious misjudgments. Democrats and Republicans can and will take sides on a number of issues, but a more crucial concern is that both are basing major policy decisions on guesstimates rather than looking at the vast wealth of raw data with a critical eye and an open mind.21.What do we learn from the first passage?A.The US economic situation is going from bad to worse.B.Washington is taking drastic measures to provide more jobs.C.The US government is slashing more jobs from its payrolls.D.The recent economic crisis has taken the US by surprise.22.What does the author think of the unemployment figures and other statistics?A. They form a solid basis for policy‐makingC. They signal future economic trendsB. They represent the current situation.D. They do fully reflect the reality.23. One problem with the payroll survey is that _____.A. it does not include all the businessesC. it magnifies the number of the joblessB. it fails to count in the self‐employedD. it does not treat all companies equally24.The household survey can be faulty in that ______.A.people tend to lie when talking on the phoneB.not everybody is willing or ready to respondC.some people won’t provide truthful informationD.the definition of unemployment is too broad25.At the end of the passage, the author suggests that ______.A.statisticians improve their data assembling methodsB.decision‐makers view the statistics with a critical eyeC.politicians listen more before making policy decisionsD.Democrats and Republicans cooperate on crucial issues.Passage 2A few years back, the decision to move the Barnes, a respected American art institution, from its current location in the suburban town of Merion, Pa., to a site in Philadelphia’s museum district caused an argument‐‐‐not only because it shamelessly went against the will of the founder, Albert C. Barnes, but alsobecause it threatened to dismantle a relationship among art, architecture and landscape critical to the Barnes’s success as a museum.For any architect taking on the challenge of the new space, the confusion of moral and design questions might seem overwhelming. What is an architect’s responsibi lity to Barnes’s vision of a marvelous but odd collection of early Modern artworks housed in a rambling 1920s Beaux‐Arts pile? Is it possible to reproduce its spirit in such a changed setting? Or does trying to replicate the Barnes’s unique atmosphere only doom you to failure? The answers of the New York architects taking the commission are not reassuring.The new Barnes will include many of the features that have become virtually mandatory in the museum world today‐‐‐conservation and education departments, temporary exhibition space, auditorium, bookstore, café‐‐‐ making it four times the size of the old Barnes. The architects have tried to compensate for this by laying out these spaces in an elaborate architectural procession that is clearly intended to replicate the peacefulness, if not the fantastic charm, of the old museum.But the result is a complicated design. Almost every detail seems to ache from the strain of trying to preserve the spirit of the original building in a very different context. The failure to do so, despite such an earnest effort, is the strongest argument yet for why the Barnes should not be moved in the first place.The old Barnes is by no means an obvious model for a great museum. Inside the lighting is far from perfect, and the collection itself, mixing masterpieces by Cezanne, Picasso and Soutine with second‐rate paintings by lesser‐known artists, has a distinctly odd flavor. But these apparent flaws are also what have made the Barnes one of the country’s most charming exhibition spaces.But today the new Barnes is after a different kind of audience. Although museum officials say the existing limits on crowd size will be kept, it is clearly meant to draw bigger numbers and more tourists dollars. For most visitors the relationship to the art will feel less immediate.26.The Old Barnes becomes a successful museum mainly because of _______.A.the beneficial geographical position in a suburban townB.its unique design and orderly collection of artsC.the influence of its founder Albert C. BarnesD.the perfect connection among art, architecture and landscape27.The biggest challenge architects face in building the new Barnes is _______.A.the ethical and design problemsB.the difficulty to retain its original peacefulnessC.the lack of confidence in undertaking the taskD.the difficulty to put all the artworks in a smaller space28.According to the passage, the new Barnes will ______.A. be completely the same as the old oneC. be changed into an art education centerB. take up more space than the old oneD. be forced to be modern in appearance29.Why does the author oppose to relocate the Barnes?A.The relocation means disrespect to the person who runs it.B.Architectures’ complicated design will make the museum charmless.C.The spirit of the old Barnes will be gone in a different place.D.The multiple functions of the new Barnes will destroy the collection.30.What do we know about the old Barnes from the fifth paragraph?A.It is a food example of the great modern museums.B.It is downgraded by the mixture of different paintings.C.The world‐famous painters’ works make it a charming place.D.It is the seeming imperfection that makes it attractive.Passage 3For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well‐known example. If the Green mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections(圆锥曲线), zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.31. The most important advances made by mankind come from _____.A. technical applicationsB. apparently useless informationC. the natural sciencesD. philosophy32. The author does not include among the sciences the study of _______.A. chemistryB. astronomyC. economicsD. anthropology33. In the paragraph that follows this passage, we may expect the author to discuss _____.A. the value of technical researchB. the value of pure researchC. philosophyD. scientific foundations34. The title below that best expressed the ideas of this passage is _______.A. Technical ProgressB. A Little Learning Is a Dangerous ThingC. Man’s Distinguishing CharacteristicsD. Le arning for Its Own Sake35. The practical scientist _______.A. knows the value of what he will discoverB. is interested in the unknownC. knows that the world existsD. conceives of contemporary lifePassage 4Every year thousands of people are arrested and taken to court for shop‐lifting. In Britain alone, about HK $ 3 000 000’s worth of goods are stolen from shops every week. This amounts to something like HK$150 million a year, and represents about 4 percent of the shop’s total stock. As a result of this “shrinkage” as the shops call it, the honest public has to pay higher prices.Shoplifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateur, and the people who just can’t help themselves. The professionals do not pose much of a problem for the store detectives, who, assisted by closed circuit television, two‐way mirrors and various other technological devices, can usually cope with them. The professionals tend to go for high value goods in parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any case, they account for only a small percentage of the total losses due to shoplifting. The same applies to the deliberate amateur who is, so to speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealt with severely by the courts.The real problem is the person who gives way to a sudden temptation and is in all other respects an honest and law‐biding citizen. Contrary to what one would expect, this kind of shoplifter is rarely poor. He does not steal because he needs the goods and cannot afford to pay for them. He steals because he simply cannot stop himself. And there are countless others who, because of age, sickness or plain absent‐mindedness, simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops. When caught, all are liable to prosecution and the decision whether to send for the police or not is in the hands of the store manager.In order to prevent the quite incredible growth in shop‐lifting offences, some stores, in fact, are doing their best to separate the thieves from the confused by prohibiting customers from taking bags into the store. However, what is most worrying about the whole problem is, perhaps, that it is yet another instance of the innocent majority being penalized and inconvenienced because of the actions of a small minority. It is the aircraft hijack situation in another form. Because of the possibility of one passenger in a million boarding an aircraft with a weapon, theother 999 999 passengers must subject themselves to searches and delays. Unless the situation in the shops improves, in ten years’ time we may all have to subject ourselves to a body‐search every time we go into a store to buy a tin of beans!36. Why does the honest public have to pay higher prices when they go to the shops?A. There is “shrinkage” in market values.B. Many goods are not available.C. Goods in many shops lack varietyD. There are many cases of shoplifting37. The third group of people steal things because they _______.A. are mentally illB. are quite absent‐mindedC. can not resist the temptationD. can not afford to pay for goods38.According to the passage, law‐abiding citizens ______.A.can possibly steal things because of their povertyB.can possibly take away goods without payingC.have never stolen goods from the supermarketsD. are difficult to be caught when they steal things39.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the main types of shop‐lifting?A big percentage of the total losses are caused by the professionalsB.The deliberate amateurs will be punished severely if they get caught.C.People would expect that those who can’t help themselves are poor.D.The professionals don’t cause a lot of trouble to the store detectives.40 The aircraft hijack situation is used in order to show that _______.A. “the professionals do not pose much of a problem for the stores”B. some people “simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops”C. “ the honest public has to pay higher prices”D. the third type of shoplifters are dangerous peopleIII. Translation A(20 points)Directions: Translate the following passages into Chinese. Please write your version in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.1.In 2011, many shoppers chose to avoid the frantic crowds and do their holiday shopping from the comfort of their computer. Sales at online retailers gained by more than 15%, making it the biggest season ever. But people are also returning those purchases at record rates, up 8% from last year.What went wrong? Is the lingering shadow of the global financial crisis making it harder to accept extravagant indulgences? Or that people shop more impulsively ‐‐‐and therefore make bad decisions ‐‐‐when online? Both arguments are plausible. However, there is a third factor: a question of touch. We can love the look but, in an online environment, we cannot feel the quality of a texture, the shape of the fit, the fall of a fold or, for that matter, the weight of an earring. And physically interacting with an object makes you committed to your purchase.2.The basic delivery system for the distance‐education mega‐universities is television, supplemented by other technologies or even some online instruction inmore developed countries. Some distance‐education systems use two‐way interactive video connections to particular locations where students gather; others supplement with the Internet, and still others deliver only by Internet. With video‐and audio ‐streaming now available, the Internet appears to be the technology of choice for systems where students have access to computers. Of course, these technologies merely add to the radio‐delivered courses that have been offered for years in many countries around the world.IV. Translation B (15 points)Directions: Translate the following passages into English. Please write your version in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET.1.中国是一个发展中的大国，在工业化的过程中，环境问题比较突出，因此国家把环境保护列为一项基本国策。

2018考研英语（一）真题及参考答案（完整版）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2 , in the wrong place often carries a high 3.4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us.A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation.Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillfulat separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.Text 3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMindwill be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham's report is a welcome start.Text 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years,leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate – where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side ofthe White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.B. Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.C. The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.D. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.E. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid.The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.【答案】41. (E)→C →42. (G) →43. (A)→F→44. (B)→45. (D)Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama.(46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48) but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49) A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.【参考译文】46.到莎士比亚出生的年代，欧洲经历了宗教戏剧的消亡，以及在古典悲剧和喜剧的影响下新的戏剧形式的产生。

南京航空航天大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷 ）科目代码:215满分:100 分科目名称:翻译硕士德语注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I Phonetik und Grammatik语音和语法（每题1分，共50分）A选出下列单词中划线部分发音不同的一个（每题1分，共10分）1. A) da B) an C) Bahn D) Waage2. A) sieht B) ihr C) die D) bitte3. A) bis B) muss C) Sie D) plus4. A) Wagen B) Vase C) Vater D) wohnen5. A) Licht B) ach C) nach D) auch6. A) Wedding B) Ende C) Kind D) du7. A) sein B) mein C) Leute D) Mais8. A) ganz B) Kurs C) abends D) Katze9. A) Post B) Stunde C) studieren D) Stuhl10. A) Gespräch B) Aspekt C) Sprache D) sprechenB 从ABC三个选项中选出正确的答案（每题1分，共20分）11. - ________ ist Ihr Name bitte?- Karin Beckmann.A) Was B) Wie C) Wie heißt12. Sie fahren morgen nach Deutschland, aber Frau Lehmann fährt ___________Schweiz.A) nach B) zur C) in die13. Alle ___________ führen nach Rom.A) Wege B) Straßen C) Bahnen14. Dieser Mantel kostet 235 Euro. Das ist zu teuer. Gibt es ________?A) keine billigeren B) keine billige C) keine billiger15. Sie dürfen hier im Haus keinen Hund ________.A) nehmen B) halten C) kaufen16. Er schreibt einen Brief ______ Hause.A) zu B) im C) nach17. Der Roman gefällt Sophie sehr gut. Ich kaufe ______ ______.A) ihn / ihr B) ihm / sie C) ihn / sie18. Ich bin _________, seine Absicht war gut.A) die Meinung B) der Meinung C) der Absicht19. Keine Sorge! Bald kannst du wieder Fußball spielen. Also gute __________!A) Hoffnung B) Besserung C) Laune20. ______ bitte leise! Oma schläft.A) Sein B) Sei C) Bist21. ______ doch noch etwas Fleisch! - Nein, danke. Ich habe schon genug.A) Nimmst B) Nimm C) Nehmst22. Seit Jahren bleiben wir brieflich in ______.A) Kontakt B) Kontrolle C) Konflikt23. Jetzt ist die Übung endlich _____ Ende.A) zum B) bis C) zu24. Habt ihr doch keine Lust ________ Reisen und Ausflüge?A) auf B) an C) über25. Herr Baumann hat uns _______ die Reise nach Paris berichtet.A) von B) für C) über26. Der Lehrer möchte wissen, ________ du gestern Abend nicht gekommen bist.A) warum B) dass C) ob27. Er hat zwei Brüder, der ________ besucht den Kindergarten, der ________ studiertschon an der Uni.A) eine/andere B) erste/zweite C) alte/junge28. Herr Baumann hat ________ Sohn, sondern eine Tochter.A) kein B) keinen C) keine29. Wohin stelle ich den Koffer? ________ Bett?A) Unter dem B) Unter das C) Unter die30. Was sagen die Deutschen nicht?A) Ende gut, alles gut. B) Übung macht den Meister.C) Wer lacht, lacht am besten.C根据短文内容选词并以正确的形式填空（每空1分，共10分）Ein Hündchen erzählt.(lesen, grüßen, treffen, freuen, unterhalten, sehen, ansehen, machen, schweigen, sitzen)Eva 31_________ morgens immer einen Spaziergang mit mir und Adam 32_______ immer auf der Bank und 33___________ Zeitung.Wir 34________ uns jeden Tag.Eines Tages 35__________ wir uns endlich. Danach 36______ wir uns oft. Ich 37__________ mich auf jede Verabredung und Eva auch.Heute wollen wir uns einen Film 38_________. Plötzlich streitet sich Eva mit Adam und sie 39__________. Ich frage: …Warum 40____________ ihr euch nicht mehr?“Dann sehen sie sich an und sie lieben sich wieder.D根据短文内容选词填空（每空1分，共10分）Wie kommt Wang Hongliang zum Fernmeldeamt?(finden, fremd, Ampel, Weg, gegenüber, Seite, kompliziert, geradeaus, Auskunft, umsteigen)Wang Hongliang ist 41__________ in der Stadt. Er sucht das Fernmeldeamt und bittet auf der Straße um 42__________. Der erste Passant sagt, dass er zuerst mit dem Bus Linie 208 fahren und dann in die U3 43__________ muss. Der zweite Passant erklärt ihm den 44__________ zu Fuß dorthin: zuerst 45__________, dann an der 46__________ nach links abbiegen, dann wieder geradeaus bis zur Kreuzung und dann rechts. Auf der einen 47__________ ist eine Post. 48__________ der Post ist das Fernmeldeamt. Das ist ja 49__________ und Wang Hongliang glaubt nicht, dass er den Weg 50__________ kann.II Leseverstehen阅读理解（每题2分，共30分）A NeujahrswünscheBald geht das alte Jahr zu Ende und ein neues Jahr fängt an. Es ist schön, in den letzten Minuten des alten Jahres oder in den ersten Minuten des neuen Jahres Neujahrswünsche zu senden.Begrüßen Sie mit uns das neue Jahr!Lena: Mein Wunsch ist, dass ich einen guten Job bekomme, an dem ich Spaß finden kann und der meine Existenz und die meiner Kinder sichert. Ich hoffe, dass mein Partner und ich nun endlich heiraten und glücklich unter einem Dach zusammenleben können, um auch den Kindern eine sichere und fröhliche Zukunft zu geben. Dies sind meine wichtigsten Wünsche und ich hoffe, dass diese auch erfüllt werden.Sarah: Was wünsche ich mir für das neue Jahr? Geld? Das bekomme ich von meinem Chef. Neue Kleidung bekomme ich im Laden... Ich wünsche mir mehr Freizeit, und dass die Welt etwas freundlicher wird, die Luft frischer, der Himmel blauer, das Wasser sauberer... Sonst würde unsere Welt kaputtgehen!Marko: Ich wünsche mir nicht nur etwas für mich. Was bringt mir, wenn nur ich glücklich bin. Wir Menschen sind so unterschiedlich. Wir kommen aus verschiedenden Ländern, sprechen verschiedene Sprachen, denken anders, fühlen anders. Ich wünsche mir, dass alle Menschen friedlich zusammenleben. Darum müsste sich jeder Mensch bemühen. Wenn alle soweit wären, dann gäbe es eine schönere Welt.Liebe Sinoe,ich wünsche dir Zeit, dich zu freuen und zu lachen,jeden Tag, jede Stunde als Glück zu empfinden.Ich wünsche dir Zeit, neu zu hoffen, zu lieben.Ich wünsche dir: Zeit zu haben zum Leben!Dein RolandNatalie: Für das kommende Jahr wünsche ich mir eine normale Familie. Meine Familie streitet sich die ganze Zeit. Ich wollte schon öfter mal abhauen, aber ich habe Angst. Und eine gute Lehrstelle wünsche ich mir, weil ich noch keine habe. Es wäre sehr nett, wenn mir jemand helfen würde, abzunehmen, ohne Sport zu treiben oder Tabletten zu nehmen.Vielen Dank.Ergänzen Sie bitte die Namen.（请填入相应的名字）51. ___________ meint, dass die Welt schöner sein kann, wenn jeder etwas tut.52. ___________ wünscht sich eine Familie.53. ___________macht sich Sorgen um die Welt.54. ___________ wünscht sich eine normale Familie.55. ___________ hofft, dass es seiner Freundin gut geht.B _________________________________Das deutsche Hochschulsystem hat seit der Umwandlung von den traditionellen Diplom- und Magisterstudiengängen zu den Bachelor- und Masterstudiengängen große Veränderungen erfahren. Die Studierenden sollen durch das neue System besser betreut werden, so dass die Studienzeiten verkürzt werden. Außerdem soll eine bessere Vergleichbarkeit und Anerkennung der Abschlüsse im internationalen Maßstab erreicht werden. Das Bachlorstudium dauert meistens sechs Semester und das Masterstudium vier.Das Studium in Deutschland erfordert hohe Eigenständigkeit der Studierenden. Diskussionsfreudigkeit und Argumentationsstärke sollen auch entwickelt werden. In der Gestaltung des Studiums sind die Studierenden in Deutschland recht frei. Bevor das Semester beginnt, müssen sie ihren Studienplan selbst zusammenstellen. Das Studienjahr besteht aus zwei Semestern. Das Wintersemester beginnt im Herbst und läuft an den meisten Universitäten vom 1. Oktober bis zum 31. März und das Sommersemester dauert in der Regel vom 1. April bis zum 30. September. Insgesamt sind jährlich 28-30 Wochen Vorlesungszeit. Während sich die Studierenden in der vorlesungsfreien Zeit auf Praktika und Prüfungen vorbereiten, haben die Professoren mehr Zeit für ihre Forschung.Zurzeit läuft in Deutschland eine Diskussion über die Studiengebühren. In den verschiedenden Bundesländern sind die Ergebnisse ganz unterschiedlich, weil die Länder die Entscheidungshoheit in Bildungsfragen haben. Seit 2007 wird in manchenBundesländern eine Studiengebühr von maximal 500 Euro pro Semester verlangt. Hinzu kommen noch bis zu 200 Euro Semesterbeiträge. Seitdem es die Studiengebühren gibt, sind viele neue Stellen an den Universitäten für Dozentinnen und Dozenten geschaffen worden. Außerdem werden die Bibliotheken und Unterrichtsräume besser ausgestattet. Leider gibt es nun auch einige Studierende, die sich das Studium nicht mehr leisten können. Sie müssen während des Semesters oder in den Ferien jobben. Für diese Studierenden soll es in Zukunft Stipendien geben.Die meisten Hochschulen bieten Plätze im Studentenwohnheim an. Bei der Vermittlung hilft oft das Studentenwerk. Doch reicht die Anzahl nur für einen Teil der Studierenden. Viele Studierende bevorzugen es aber, Wohnungen zu mieten oder in WGs zu leben. Da die Wohnsituation für die Studierenden in den meisten Universitätsstädten sehr angespannt ist, dauert die Zimmersuche oft sehr lang.Geben Sie dem Text eine passende Überschrift. （给文章一个合适的标题）56 _________ Suchen Sie für jeden Abschnitt eine passende Überschrift.（给段落选择合适的标题，填入字母即可）Abschnitt 1 57 ___________Abschnitt 2 58 ___________Abschnitt 3 59 ___________Abschnitt 4 60 ___________A StudiengebührenB Studienaufbau in DeutschlandC WohnenD Studienaufenthalt in DeutschlandE Umwandlung des deutschen HochschulsystemsF Jobben während der FerienC Was tut Chris in den Sommerferien?Bald sind Sommerferien und alle Freunde von Chris fahren in den Urlaub. Chris bleibt mit seinen Eltern in diesen Ferien zu Hause, denn sein Vater möchte in diesem Sommer eine Garage bauen. Deshalb hat er keine Zeit für eine Reise.Chris würde zwar gern ans Meer fahren, aber das ist nun nicht möglich. Jetzt will Chris inden Ferien arbeiten, deshalb sucht er einen Job. Das Geld kann er gut gebrauchen, weil er sich einen neuen Computer kaufen möchte. Doch wie kann er schnell einen Job finden?Als erstes fährt Chris in die Stadt und geht von Geschäft zu Geschäft. Dort fragt er, ob er helfen kann. Aber er hat kein Glück. Niemand hat einen Job für ihn.Danach fährt er zu seinem Freund Karl und fragt ihn um Rat. Karl hat eine gute Idee. Sie klingeln zusammen bei seinem alten Nachbarn Herrn Schmidt und fragen, ob Chris ihm im Garten helfen kann. Wieder kein Glück: Das macht nämlich der Enkel von Herrn Schmidt.Als nächstes schaut Chris in die Tageszeitung, ob er dort etwas finden kann. In der Zeitung liest er eine Anzeige, die sehr interessant ist: Frau Müller sucht einen Schüler. Er soll am Nachmittag mit ihren beiden Hunden im Wald spazieren gehen. Denn sie kann leider nicht mehr so gut laufen.Sofort ruft Chris bei der Frau an und stellt sich vor. Die Frau ist sehr nett. Sie sagt, dass er zu ihr kommen soll. Dann kann er sie und die Hunde kennen lernen. Schnell holt er sein Fahrrad und fährt zu der Adresse, die ihm die Frau gesagt hat.Chris hat eine bisschen Angst: Ist die Frau wirklich freundlich? Sind das große Hunde? Aber die zwei kleinen Hunde begrüßen Chris freundlich und er ist sehr froh. Er weiß sofort, dass das bestimmt der richtige Job für ihn ist.61. Chris macht keinen Urlaub, weil ___________.A) er lieber Geld verdienen möchteB) seine Freunde auch keinen Urlaub machenC) sein Vater keine Zeit für Urlaub hat62. Chris sucht einen Ferienjob, weil ___________.A) sein Vater eine Garage bautB) er sich einen Computer kaufen möchteC) er zu Hause arbeiten muss63. Wie hat Chris den Ferienjob bekommen?A) Er las die Stellenanzeigen in der Tageszeitung.B) Er fragte Bekannte und Verwandte nach Möglichkeiten.C) Er ging von Geschäft zu Geschäft und fragte nach Arbeit.64. Welche Aussage ist dem Text nach richtig?A) Herr Schmidt erledigt seine Gartenarbeit selber.B) Der Enkel von Herrn Schmidt macht die Gartenarbeit.C) Herr Schmidt hilft Chris´ Vater, eine Garage zu bauen.65. Chris soll mit den Hunden von Frau Müller ___________.A) in den Wald gehenB) Fahrrad fahrenC) an Meer fahrenIII Übersetzen Sie翻译（共20分）A Übersetzen Sie bitte den folgenden Text vom Deutschen ins Chinesische. 请将下列文章翻译成中文(10分)66. Karneval – In vielen Gegenden Deutschlands wird Karneval gefeiert. Berühmt sind die Feiern im Rheinland, in den Städten Köln und Düsseldorf sowie in Mainz. In manchen Teilen Deutschlands heißt das Fest auch …Fasching“.Schon am 11.11. beginnt die Zeit des Karnevals. Richtig gefeiert wird aber erst im Frühling. Fast eine Woche lang sieht man verkleidete Menschen auf der Straße oder bei Festen. Jeder darf …verrückt“ sein. Der Höhepunkt ist der Umzug mit vielen bunten Wagen am Rosenmontag. Die Wagen ziehen stundenlang durch die Stadt, und viele Menschen stehen an den Straßen und schauen zu.B Übersetzen Sie bitte die folgenden Sätze vom Chinesischen ins Deutsche.请将下列句子翻译成德语(每题2分，共10分)67. 这个周六我奶奶过生日，我邀请了亲朋好友来参加她的生日聚会。

2018年南京航空航天大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. Since the couple would not _____ their differences, they decided to get a divorce.A. resignB. complyC. coincideD. reconcile【答案】D【解析】句意：由于这对夫妇难以调和彼此的分歧，因此他们决定离婚。

reconcile调停，使一致。

resign辞职，辞去。

comply遵守，服从。

coincide（意见上）一致，符合。

由于coincide为不及物动词，后不能直接跟宾语，故答案选D。

2. Alone in a deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt _____ lonely.A. everything butB. all butC. anything butD. nothing but【答案】C【解析】句意：他单独一人在这座废弃的房子里拼命埋头研究，一点也不觉得寂寞。

anything but决不，一点也不。

all but几乎，差一点。

nothing but仅仅，只是。

故答案选C。

3. If each manager makes his usual speech, the meeting will be _____ about 45 minutes.A. exceededB. delayedC. prolongedD. expanded【答案】C【解析】句意：如果每名经理都按惯例做演讲，会议可能将延长45分钟。

精都教育——全国100000考生的选择我们的梦想，为成就更多人的梦想南京航空航天大学研究生入学考试试题原版考研真题试卷更多考研真题、笔记、模拟、题库、讲义资料就上精都考研网/南京航空航天大学2018年考研专业课真题试卷（原版）南京航空航天大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:357满分:150 分科目名称:英语翻译基础注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part I. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ ×15 =15’)1. accident rate2. community of shared interests3. online car-hailing4. Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank5. takeoff runway6. Global Navigation Satellite System7. Remote Sensing Satellite 8. spacesuit9. lunar module 10. multi-entry visa11. simulated flight test 12. space debris13. unmanned spacecraft 14. two-dimensional barcode15. cosmic velocityPart II. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ ×15 =15’)1. 航站楼2. 新常态3. 自贸区4. 供给侧改革5. 人工智能6. 低碳城市7. 量子卫星8. 精准扶贫9. 实名认证10.“丝绸之路经济带”11. 免税店12. 无现金支付13. 带薪休假14. 航天飞机15. 雷达识别Part III. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 p oints (30’ ×2 = 60’).Passage 1Sometimes you’d rather not know the bad news. An estimated 500,000 pieces of space junk—old satellites, rocket parts, debris from collisions—swarm in orbit around Earth. Much of it is potentially deadly: NASA officials say anything larger than 1 centimeter in diameter poses a threat to the International Space Station (ISS). But current tracking systems can generally only watch objects 10 cm or larger, and the U.S. government now follows less than 5% of space hazards— just 23,000 objects. That should change with the addition of a powerful new Air Force radar system, scheduled to break ground this month on Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands.科目代码：357科目名称：英语翻译基础第1页共2页。

南京航空航天大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:842满分:150 分科目名称:翻译与写作（英语）注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part One: Translate the following into Chinese ( 60 points)（1）The American mathematician Norbert Wiener first gave common use to the word “cybernetics” (from the Greek word for “steersman”), to describe that branch of study which is concerned with self-regulating systems of communication and control in living organisms and machines. The derivation seems apt, since the primary function of many cybernetic systems is to steer an optimum course through changing conditions towards a predetermined goal. We know from long experience that stable objects are those with broad bases and with most of their mass centred low, yet we seldom marvel at our own remarkable ability to stand upright, supported only by our jointed legs and narrow feet. To stay erect even when pushed, or when the surface beneath us moves, as on a ship or a bus; to be able to walk or run over rough ground without falling; to keep cool when it is hot or vice versa, are examples of cybernetic processes and of properties exclusive to living things and to highly automated machines.（2）The book that has been treasured many years and read again and again is not merely a book written by somebody or other so many years ago. It is part of oneself, incorporated and inseparable; and after one has spent some time in reading new books there is a wonderful friendliness about the faded and familiar pages of an old book. The reader opens it at random and sees a marked passage that brings the past to life again. He knows without turning what he will find on the next page, and yet there is a distinct pleasure in looking to see that nothing has been changed. Added to all these pleasures, there is the more prosaic consideration that “dead authors are amazingly cheap”.The desire to follow familiar paths is, of course, a feeling that becomes intensified as one grows older. In the days of youth, on the contrary, tradition is all to make. The adventurous spirit is strong, and novelty has an irresistible appeal by no means pleasant to the elders. Dr. Arnold was greatly disturbed by the popularity of The Pickwick Papers with the boys, and not so long ago a conscientious headmistress expressed herself as grieved to find her pupils taking with avidity to the stories of W. W. Jacobs. But youth will be served, and all the fulminations of elder folk avail but little. Pickwick has now achieved the position of a classic appointed to be read in schools, and the stories of Mr. Jacobs will soon be regarded as wholly acceptable reading for the class-room.（3）A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or to express the emotion that it rouses in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond. It is difficult for any of us in the moments of intense aesthetic experience to resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence, different and, because the experience is intensely moving, in some wayhigher. And, though the gleams blind and dazzle, yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imagined？Greater too than we can describe; for language, which was invented to convey the meanings of this world, cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another. That all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable. In some moods Nature shares it. There is no sky in June so blue that it does not point forward to a bluer, no sunset so beautiful that it does not waken the vision of a greater beauty, a vision which passes before it is fully glimpsed, and in passing leaves an indefinable longing and regret.Part Two: Translate the following into English (40 points)（1）一般情况下，我喜欢孤独。

翻译硕士《翻译硕士英语》考研名校考研真题库第一部分真题类型：一、虚拟语气、定语从句、状语从句二、倒装句、强调句、独立结构三、同位语从句、反意疑问句题1. Since the development of an effective vaccine in 1963, measles _____ much less frequent.A. becameB. becomesC. has becomeD. have become【答案】C查看答案【解析】状语从句或短语用since引导时，主句一般用完成时。

measles 麻疹，形式是复数，实际是单数。

题3. Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was _____ last week.A. to be startedB. to have startedC. to have been startingD. start【答案】B查看答案【解析】过去将来完成时，表示未完成的计划。

题5. The operetta first _____ as a popular form of musical theater in the nineteenth century.A. to emergeB. emergingC. had emergedD. emerged【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：19世纪小歌剧最初以流行音乐剧院形式出现。

本句陈述的是过去发生事实，用一般过去式。

题6. The pollution problem as well as several other issues _____ to be discussed when the Congress is in session next spring.A. are goingB. were goingC. was goingD. is going【答案】D查看答案【解析】句子主语是the pollution problem，谓语动词用单数。

南京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2012年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.stock exchange（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：证券交易所2.economic depression（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：经济萧条3.airport terminal（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：机场航站楼4.CEO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：首席执行官(Chief Executive Officer)5.NATO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：北大西洋公约组织(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)6.Euro-zone（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：欧元区7.greenhouse gas emissions（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：温室气体排放量8.jetliner（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：喷气式客机9.email spam（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：垃圾邮件10.the House of Representatives（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：(美)众议院posite materials（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：复合材料12.Easter（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：复活节anic food（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：有机食品14.telemarketing（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：电话营销15.jet lag（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：飞机时差反应二、Part Ⅱ(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.自动飞行系统（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：automatic flight system(AFS)17.微机（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：microcomputer18.欧共体（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：European Community(EC)19.三农（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：agriculture, countryside and farmers20.私企（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：private enterprise21.能耗（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：energy consumption22.第三产业（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：tertiary industry23.中国石化（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Sinopec24.全球定位系统（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：GPS(Global Positioning System)25.工商管理硕士（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：MBA(Master of Business Administration)26.身份证（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：ID card27.人大（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：NPC(National People"s Congress)28.激光唱片（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：CD(compact disk)29.亚太经合组织（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：APEC(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)30.雅思考试（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：IELTS(International English Language Testing System)三、Part Ⅲ(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：30.00)31.One of the greatest challenges that face every American president is to ensure that events of the day do not become cascading crises that crowd out the pursuit of our nation"s long-term strategic priorities and interests. This has been particularly true over the past three years, when the US has confronted a daunting array of challenges: global financial crises; the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan; terrorist threats; direct challenges to global nuclear non-proliferation regimes; and the still unfolding, events across the Middle East and North Africa. Even as we havedealt with these dynamics, President Obama has pursued a rebalancing of our foreign policy priorities—and renewed our long-standing alliances, including with NATO—to ensure that our focus and our resources match our nation"s most important strategic interests.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：历任美国总统所要面对的最大挑战之一，是确保日常发生的事件不会演变成妨碍我们追寻国家长期战略重点和利益的一连串危机。

2018年南京航空航天大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 5. 应用文写作单项选择题1．在清代所编的《四库全书总目》“经”部的总序中，提到了“经”部书籍的选择标准“经秉圣裁，垂型万世”。

这句话说明“经”部的典籍都是经过圣人裁定的。

这里的“圣”是指( )。

A．周公B．孔子C．泛指古代的圣人D．当今的皇上正确答案：B解析：“经秉圣裁，垂型万世。

”中“经”指儒家经典著作。

因儒家思想受到推崇，孔子被尊为“圣人”。

故本题答案为B项。

2．下面与成语“防微杜渐”意思不相关的是( )。

A．差之毫厘，失之千里B．木秀于林，风必摧之C．千里之堤，毁于蚁穴D．一着不慎，满盘皆输正确答案：B解析：“防微杜渐”指在错误或坏事刚冒头的时候，就加以制止，不使其发展。

A项、C项和D项都有“从微小的事物出发来看待全局”的含义。

B项“木秀于林，风必摧之”原指高出森林的大树总是要被大风先吹倒，比喻才能业绩出众的人，容易受到忌妒，诽谤。

故本题答案为B项。

3．刘禹锡《乌衣巷》一诗云：“旧时王谢堂前燕，飞人寻常百姓家”，这里的王、谢，是指东晋时的以( )和谢安为首的两个家族。

A．王导B．王羲之C．王溶D．王戎正确答案：A解析：“王谢”指以王导和谢安为首的琅琊王氏和陈郡谢氏的合称。

4．西方现代文论认为，一部作品产生后就是独立的文本，和作者无关。

然而这个原则却不适用于中国传统文学。

中国古代的文学家，很多是朝廷的官员或预备官员，至少是读书人，是文明的传承者，他们的言行是社会风尚的风向标，文学承载着移风易俗的责任，因此社会价值体系对文学家的人格有较高的要求。

如汉代的扬雄写过赞美王莽的文章，因而被宋人看不起；严嵩的诗写得好，但是后世读的人少，诗集也少有刊刻——怎能让祸国殃民的罪人立言不朽呢!古人虽也说过“孔雀虽有毒，不能掩文章”的话，但仍坚持“德艺双馨”的文艺评论原则。

根据这段文字，下列哪项符合传统上中国古代对文学作品的看法( )。