经皮微波凝固治疗肝癌的实验和初步临床应用研究
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搭华中科技大掌博士掌位论文经皮微波凝固治疗肝癌的实验及初步临床应用研究华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院放射科研究生:王精兵导师:冯敢生教授乞壶瑶I‘≥邵{、.中文摘要第一部分,植入式微波热凝固破坏肝组织的实验研究。
/目的:探讨植入式微波热凝固破坏肝组织的优化工作方式、肝血流阻断对微波凝固范围的影响,以及其安全有效性。
厶防料与方法:应用MTC.3.500s\型微波凝固仪(频率2450MHz)分别对离体猪肝、活体5头猪肝和20只兔肝进行微波凝固实验,8只兔于术后1、3、5、7天取血查肝功能,余动物术后即刻处死动物取肝,观察凝固灶大小及组织病理学变化。
结果:离体猪肝内,微波功率40~60W,时间180~360s能形成较理想的椭球形凝固灶,且杆温升高相对低而慢;活体动物肝内,阻断肝血流能成倍增大凝固范围(40W和60W,2min联合组断后分别为22.84-O.9mm和28.2±1.0mm,而肝血流未阻断时分别为12.8-4-0.8mm和15.5±0.9mm,P<o.01)。
术后转氨酶里短暂性升高,且肝血流联合阻断组高于对照组(p<o.05),1周内恢复正、,,’y7常。
l结论:植入式微波是一种安全有效的局部热消融方法,肝血流阻断能显著地扩大凝固范围。
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肝肿瘤微波组织凝固动物实验肝动脉门静脉下摆咒,j‘司第二部铆植入式微波热凝固对正常兔肝组织的破坏作用——影像与病理对照研究.1目的:研究正常肝组织微波凝固后的CT、MRI和组织病理学的动态变化及其内在联系。
f材料与方法:20只大白兔随机分为5组,剖腹后,采用Mrc—3—500s型微波仪和27ram长的微波发射天线,40W,2rain对兔肝左内叶进行凝固,分别于术后1~2小时、l、2、4、6周行CT、MRI平扫及增强检查,然后处死动物观察组织病理学变化。
2只兔进行了上述5次影像学检查。
结果:术后增强CT、lVlR[检查能较准确地反应凝固灶的范围,2W后病灶开始缩小。
术后即刻CT平扫凝固灶为边界欠清晰的低密度区,不强化;lvlRI上T1、Ⅵ、T2WI中央为低信号区,周围为不均匀的高信号区,亦不强化。
lW后,组织学上凝固区细胞结构丧失、细胞坏死,以后纤维组织长入其中形成分隔,逐步取代坏死组织。
CT上为边界清楚的低密度区;MIu上T1wI中央为等信号区,边缘为高信号区,T2WIlW后中央为高信号区,中间为低信号区,边缘1W后为不均匀高信号区,以后亦为低信号。
lW后,凝固灶周围出现主要由纤维组织构成的肉芽层,在MRI上T1wI为低信号,T2wI为高信号,CT平扫为低密度。
增强时成环形强化。
6W后、,r肉芽组织机化,强化逐步消失a)结论:增强cT、MⅪ检查能较准确地反应肝组织的凝固范围,MRj有助于观察凝固区动态变化过程。
/、/、/关键词:肝组织。
微波组织凝固病理学计算机断层扫描’磁共振成像第三部分・肝动脉化疗栓塞联合经皮微波凝固治疗/恶性肝肿瘤.目的:探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)联合经皮微波固化(PMCT)治疗恶性肝肿瘤的临床应用价值。
f方法:2l例原发性肝癌(PHC)和4例转移性肝癌(30个结节,直径2.3~15.6cm)分别进行了1~5次超选择性TACE和1~3次PMCT治疗。
每次TACE的间隔时间为1~3个月,治疗方案为5-Ful.09,CDDP60mg或HCPT25mg,MMClorag或ADM50mg+碘油3~20ml2及适量明胶海绵。
PMCT于TACE术后3~14天进行,每个点的凝固治疗采用输出功率40~60W,作用时间3~6分钟,30个结节进行了37次213个点的治疗。
结果:治疗后93.3%(28/30)的肿块缩小,增强CT或MRI显示肿瘤区完全不强化占60%,90%以上不强化占20.0)/o,75~89%占133%,50%占6.7%。
治疗前血清AFP或CEA升高分别为18例和4例,治疗后除1例PL0外,余均有明显下降,且分别有4例和1例降至正常。
除1例患者坏死区形成一较大胆汁瘤外,术后未出现其他严重的并发症。
22例患者全身情况改善,20例体重增加。
随访2~23个月,平均8.1个月,22例健在,3、,■,’例死亡(心肌梗塞1例,消化道出血2例)。
)结论:初步的临床结果表明肝动j-脉化疗栓塞联合经皮微波凝固治疗是一种安全有效的治疗方法,在大部分病例可以达到近乎完全坏死的效果,特别是对于直径5cm以下的肝肿瘤,该方法可望成为肝肿瘤非手术治疗的重要手段。
√关键词:经皮微波凝固治疗肝肿瘤肝动脉.化疗栓塞华中科技大掌博士学位论文ExperimentalStudyandClinicalApplicationofPercutaneousMicrowaveCoagulationTherapyforHepaticMalignancyDepartmentofRadiology,UnionHospitalTonalMedicalCollege,Hu∞hongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyPostgraduate:WangJingbingDirector:ProfFenggan.shengABS’I’RAC’I’Partone:ExperimentalstudyofimplantablemicrowavethermalcogulationiuvivoandiuvitroliverPurposeToinvestigatealloptimaltechniqueformicrowavetissuecoagulation(MTC)tocreatemoredesirablyshapedandlargerlesioninvitroliver,thechangeofthesizeofcoagulationlesionundervariousinterruptingmethodsofhepaticbloodflow.andtheefficacyandsafetyofMTC沁vivoliverMaterialsandmethodsUsingFORSEAMTC-3-500smicrowavecoagulator,weperformedMTCinvitropigliveratvariousirradiationpower(30-80W)andduration(60-360s),andinvivoliverof5pigsat60W,2minandof20rabbitsat40W,2rainwithorwithouttheinterruptionofhepaticbloodflow.Hepaticfunctiontestfor8rabbitswasperformedbeforeand3h,24h,3d,5d,7daftertheprocedure.Therestanimalswerekilledshortlyaftertheprocedures,thesizesofcoagulatedlesionsweremeasured,andhistopathologicalobservationsundermicro-andelectromicroscopeweredone.ResultsInvitropigliver,desirably4ellipticcoagulationlesionswerecreatedatirradiationpower(40~60W)andduration(180~360s),andtheircorrespondingtemperature—risingofneedleshaftwerelowerandslower;invivoliver,thediametcrofcoagulationlesionundertheinterruptionofhepaticarterialandportalflowweremarkedlylargerthanthatofcontrol(228±O.9mmand128±O.8,p<0.01at40W,2min;282±1.0mmand15.5±O9mm,p<0.01at60W,2rain).ElevatedlevelofALTandASTweretransientandnormalizedin1weekConclusionImplantablemicrowaveisasafelyandefficientlylocalthermalablationforliverneoplasms,andthecoagulationregioncallenlargemarkedlyundertheinterruptionofhepaticbloodflow.Keywords:liverneoplasm,microwavetissuecoagulation,experimentalstudy,hepaticartery,portalveinParttwo:Effectsofimplantablemicrowavethermalcoagulationontheliversofnormalrabbits:acomparisonoffindingsofimageanalysisandpathologicalexaminationPurposeTostudythedynamicchangeandtheinteriorcorrelationofimagingfindingsofCTandMRIandhistopathologyofnormalliversaftermicrowavetissuecoagulationMaterialsandmethods20normalrabbitswererandomlydividedintofivegroupsTheleftinteriorrobesofrabbiswerethermallycoagulatedatirradiationpower40Wandtime2minbyusingasurgicalmicrowavecoagulatoratlaparotomy.ExaminationsofunincrementalandincrementalCTandlvIRlwereperformed1-2h,1W,2w,4w,and6waftertheprocedures,twooftherabbitswereexaminedfor5timesattimeasabovementioned.Subsequently,allanimalswerekilledandliverexampleswereobservedhistopalholo百cally.ResultsEnhancedCTandMRIexactlydescribedthenecroticareaofrabbitliverafterMTC.ThecoagulatedregionbegantoconuactgraduallyafterMTC.1-2hafterthermalcoagulation,aregionwithslightlylowerattentionthanthatofsurroundingnormalliverparenchymawasobservedonCT,andnoenhancementwasdetected.WithMRI,changefromiso-orhighsignalintensitytohighsignalintensityfrominnerzonetothemarginwasfoundonT1weightedimages(T1WI),andheterogeneoushighsignalintensitywasobservedonT2weightedimages(T2WI).OnGd—DTPAenhancedMRI,noenhancementoccurred.1-6weeksaftercoagulation,thecellularstructureatthesiteofcoagulationwaslostonhistologicalexamination,andthetissuebecamenecrotic.OnCT,homogeneouswaterdensitywasobserved,andrioenhancementwasdetected.withMPJ.regionsofiso-orhighsignalintensitywereobservedonT1wI,andregionsofheterogeneoushi曲tolowersignalT2WI.After1week,agranubtionlayerconsistingintensitywereseenonmainlyoffibroustissuedeveloped,andaring-shapedenhancementwasobservedinthelowersignalintensityregiononTlMandinhighersignalintensityregiononT2、VI.Thering-shapedenhancementwasalsonotedonCTAfter6week,thefibroustissuebecamemature,andnoobviousenhancementwasobservedbothonCTandonT1、vI.ConelusionEnhancedCTandMRIcanexactlydescribetheever—contractinglynecroticareaofrabbitliverafterMTCMRIappearstobeusefulforobservationoftime—coursechangesfollowingMTCtherapybecauseofitssensitivityinthedetectionoftissuechange.Keywords:microwavetissuecoagulation,animalliver,computedtopography,magneticresonanceimaging,pathology6华中科技大掌博士掌位论文Partthree:CombinationtherapyoftranscatheterarterialehemoembolizationandpereutaneousmicrowavecoagulationtherapyforprimaryandmetastatichepatictumorsPurposeToevaluateclinicaleffectofcombiningtranscatheterarterialchemoembolization(TACE)withpercutaneousmicrowavecoagulationtherapy(PMCT)forprimaryandmetastatichepatictumors.Materialsandmethods21patientswithprimaryhepaticcarcinoma(24nodules)and4patientswithmetastaticcarcinoma(6nodules)underwentthecombinationtherapyof1-5sessionofTACEfollowedwithin3~14dsby1-3sessionPMCTguidedbyultrasonographyand/orCT.The30lesionsmeasuredfrom2.3cmto15.6cminthelargestdiameter.ResultsOndynamiccomputedtomography(CT)ormagneticresonanceimaging(Meal)within2waftercombinationtherapy,necroticareashowednoenhancement,completenecrosiswereobservedfor18nodules,andincompletenecrosisfortherest(90-99%for6,75~89%for4,and50%for2.respectively).TheelevatedlevelofAFPin17(17/18)caseswithPHCandCEAin4oneswithmetastasismarkedlydecreased,andwerenormalizedin4caseandin1case,respectively.Onepatientwasdetectedalargerbilomaadjacenttothenecroticregiononemonthafterthetreatment.Nofatalcomplicationwasobserved.Thefollow—upwasshort,rangingfrom2to23monthsfmean8.1month).22patientswerealivewithimprovedhealthyconditions,1diedofheartinfraction(within3months)and2ofdigestivehemorrage(within3and6months).ConclusionsPrimaryclinicalapplicationofcombinationtherapyofTACEandPMCTdemonstrateeffectiveforhepaticthan5cmthatmaybemalignancy,especiallyforthenodulesizedsmallercompletelyablatedinsitu.Thecombinedprotocolisexpectedtobeanimportant7methodforunresectablehepaticneoplasms.Keywords:liverneoplasm,transcatheterarterialchemoembolization,percutaneousmicrowavecogulationtherapy8刖舌肝癌是一种常见的严重威胁人类健康的疾病,手术切除是其最佳疗法,但由于患者就诊时肝功能储备不佳、病灶巨大或多发、位置险恶以及全身健康状况差等诸多因素,致使只有不到20%的患者能获得手术机会{1l。