第2讲A land of diversity 语法篇
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1.掌握名词性从句的结构与功能；
2.能够熟练选用合适的引导词。
一. 概述：
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
二. 分类
（一）主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
引导主语从句的连词有：that，whether，who，whom，what，whatever，whose
1.常规主语从句，既复合句在句中充当一个主语，那么这个句子就是主语从句
(1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
(3)Who will be our monitor hasn’t been decided yet.
(4)Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.
(5)What caused the accident remains is unknown.
(6)What we need is time.
注：连词位于句首不能省略
2. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较（为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末）
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：
a)It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。
b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。
用it 作形式主语的结构:
(1) It is ＋名词＋从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…...
It is an honor that ...…非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that ...…是常识
(2) It is ＋形容词＋从句
It is natural that… 很自然…...
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…...
(3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句
It seems that… 似乎…...
It happened that… 碰巧…...
It appears that… 似乎…...
(4) It ＋过去分词＋从句
It is reported that… 据报道…...
It has been proved that… 已证实…...
It is said that… 据说…...
3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：
（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
（2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.
（3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
（4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
a) What you said yesterday is right.
b) That she is still alive is a consolation
(二)宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词) 或介词之后。
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略)，例如：
I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。
注：that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略:
①that从句位于句首时，that不可省略:
That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
①that宾语从句的状语部分位于从句前部时。
I promised that if anyone could set me free，I would make him king over the earth. 我曾许诺如果有人把我放了，我就让他成为全世界的国王。
①当主句的状语部分位于that宾语从句前时。
Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and a little then. 亚伯拉罕?林
肯自己后来说他只不过是时断时续地接受教育。
①that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略:
I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。
①主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时。
When he got to England，he found，however，that his English was too limited. 然而当他到英国时，他发现他的英语很有限。
①当一个谓语动词带两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句时。(只有第一个可省略）
Then he said （that）French was the most beautiful tongue in the world，and that we must keep it among us and never forget it. 他说，法语是世界上最美的语言，我们必须坚持说法语，永远也不要忘记它。
①宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。
I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth. 我决不能告诉任何人我看不到那布。
①宾语从句的主语是this/that，或用this/that修饰主语时。
He said that that was a good idea. 他说那是个好主意。
①在直接引语中，主句和宾语从句被隔开时。
“I’m sorry to tell you，” he said，“that you didn’t watch carefully enough what I did.”
我很遗憾的告诉大家，你们没有仔细观察我所做的一切。
①宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时。
The old lady then explained that what she was looking for was a pair of gloves for a girl.那位老太太解释说她在为一个女孩找一双手套。
(2)从属连词if/whether。连词whether可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，不可省。if引导宾语从句。
一）宾语从句是肯定句时，whether，if可互换；但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用，宾语从句是否定句时，一般用if引导。如:
I don'；t know if/whether I should tell you.不知我是否应告诉你。
I wonder whether it is true or not.不知这是不是真的。
I don'；t care if it doesn'；t rain.天下不下雨我不会在乎。
二）用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用wheter。试比较：
Please let me know if you want to go.
Please let me know whether you want to go.
if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。
三）作介词宾语时，只能用whether，不能用if。(介词常可省略）如：
Everything depends （on）whether we have enough experience.一切都取决于我们是否有足够的经验。
(3)连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever
连接副词where，when，how，why。
如: Who or what he was，Martin never learned. 他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。
I wonder what he’s writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。
I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。
You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。
有关宾语从句的其它一些要点:
①.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。如：
Do you know why winter is colder than summer?你知道为什么冬季比夏季冷吗?
①.如宾语从句有自己的宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句后置。其句型为：“主语+谓语+it+补足语+宾语从句”。如：We think it important that we should master at least one foreign language.我们认为掌握至少一门外语是重要的。
注意：(1)连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but和in等少数几个介词后。其它一些介词的宾语从句如由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如：
He is a good student except that he is careless. 他是个好学生，只不过有点粗心。
See to it that children don'；t catch cold.当心孩子别感冒了。
(2)that引导表语从句时，在句中无词义，只起连接作用，但不可省去。His idea is that we should go there at once.他主张我们立即去那儿。
①. 宾语从句的否定转移。在think，consider，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，guess，imagine 等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：
I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。
I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。
I don’t suppose he cares，does he? 我想他不在意，是吗？
①.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure，glad，certain，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfied等，连词that可省略。That 引导的从句还常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：Anxious，aware，confident，convinced，determined，proud，worried，sorry，thankful，ashamed，disappointed，annoyed，pleased，hurt，satisfied，content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。如：
I am not sure what I ought to do. 我不能确定我该做什么。
I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said. 恐怕你没领会我说的意思。
I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before. 我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。
Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams. 妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。
①.有关that的忌讳：
①后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有Allow，refuse，let，like，cause，force，admire，condemn，celebrate，dislike，love，help，take，forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如：
I admire their winning the match.
①不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有Envy，order，accuse，refuse，impress，forgive，blame，denounce，advise，congratulate等。例如：
He impressed the manager as an honest man.
介词宾语从句
①.宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。有时介词可以省略。如：
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day. 他对那天发生的事感到很不快。
I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。
I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.
你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。
I don’t care (for) who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。
Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式。
①.作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in，besides 后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如：
He is a good student except that he is careless.（that一般不省）他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。
You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。
介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如：
Are you sorry for what you’ve done? 你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？
介词宾语只能用whether，不能用if。(介词常可省略）
Everything depends (on) whether we have enough experience.一切都取决于我们是否有足够的经验。
补充:"if"、"whether"在名词性从句中的使用
介词的宾语从句，不定式作宾语，都可用whether引导。whether也可引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，这时却不能换成if。引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。不用if，用whether的情况：
①在标语从句和同位语从句中。例如：
The question is whether the film is worth seeing.
The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.
①在主语从句中，只有用it作形式主语时，whether和if都能引导主语从句，否则，也只能用whether。例如：
whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
It hasn，t been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting .
①后面直接跟动词不定式。例如：
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not .
还有关联词只能用whether 或if，不能用that的情况如下:
若doubt一词作“怀疑”解接宾语从句时，主语为肯定句用wether或if，主句为否定句或疑问句用that。例如：
I doubt whether he will come soon.
I do not doubt that he will come soon.
Do you doubt that he will come soon?
注意: (1)下面这个例句中doubt的含义为“认为.....不必可能”。I doubt that he will come.（我认为他不可能来）
(2)whatever可以引导名词性从句，同时起先行词和关系代词的作用。相当于anything that或all that，有任何一切这类意思。此时不能用no matter what替换。
三、表语从句
表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语
系动词有：be，keep，remain，stay，seem，appear，look，feel，smell，sound，taste，become，grow，turn，get，go，等。
构成: 主语+ 连系动词+表语从句（一个句子作表语）
表语从句定义：在一个复合句中，充当表语的是一个句子，那么这个句子就叫做表语从句。
连接表语从句的连接词有:
连词: that（不作成分，没有词义；不能省略）whether （不作成分）
连接代词：what，who，which，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever等
关系副词：when，where，why，how
He has become a teacher. 他已经成为一名教师。
He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。
His suggestion is good. 他的建议是好的。
His suggestion is that we should stay calm. 他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。
注意事项:
A. 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
B. 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。
引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether，位于介词后要用whether，位于句首时要用whether.
引导主语从句时，whether引导的从句可以放在主句前和后，而if从句只能放在主句后。
引导表语从句，同位语从句时要用whether
The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us. 对
C. 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow. 对
D . that在表语从句中具有三个特点：不作成分；不能省略；没有意义。
E. 表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是连系动词。
例如：The problem is how we can get the things we need. 问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)
That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why在表语从句中作原因状语)
F. “That is why...”是常用句型，意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”，其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，如:
That is why you see this old woman before you know，Jeanne.
珍妮，这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。
G. “That is why...” “That is the reason why...” “That is because...”辨析：
(1)“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义，
从语法结构上讲，“That is the reason why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句，将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样，例如：
That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 这就是我不能同意的理由。
(2)“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。
“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于：
“That is because...”指原因或理由，
“That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果，
例如：
He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework. 昨天晚上他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影，因此他昨天晚上没有去看。
H. 当主句的主语为reason，或者是由why引导的从句时，与它们相关的表语从句用that，而不能由because引导；because 引导表语从句时只能用于It/That/This is /was because…_句型中.
1.The reason why I was late was that I missed the train.
2. I was late. It/That/This was because I missed the train.
I. 名词（主语）+系动词+表语从句
主语名词常常是表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact，truth 表示看法，观点、问题、麻烦的名词，如：idea，opinion，belief，view，news，advice，feeling，suggestion，plan，trouble，question，problem，
1.The fact is that our team has won the game.
2.The truth is that she was the very person we are looking for.
必须记住:
1. that引导表语从句时不能省.
2. if不能引导表语从句.
3. 除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。
4. 除that，whether外的所有引导词都须在从句中充当相应的成分
5. what在表语从句中译成“ …东西；…事情；…内容”
1. (2019北京高考)I truly believe _____ beauty comes from within.
A. That
B. where
C. what
D. why
答案: A
解析: 此题为宾语从句，从句中成分完整，所以用不充当成分的that，所以选A。
2. (2019北京高考)____ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
A. Where
B. How
C. Why
D. When
答案: B
解析: 此句是主语从句，根据句意从句部分缺少方式状语，how引导，所以选B。
3. (2019重庆高考)We must find out _____ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.
A. When
B. how
C. where
D. why
答案: A
解析: 此题考查宾语从句，从句中缺少状语，根据句意为时间，所以选A。
4. (2019湖南高考) You have to know _____ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
A. what
B. that
C. where
D. who
答案: C
解析: 此题考查宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，用where引导，所以选C。
5. (2019浙江高考)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate _____ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
A. what
B. who
C. that
D. whoever
答案: A
解析: 此句考查宾语从句的引导词，从句部分缺少主语，根据句意应该填what，所以选择A。
基础演练
1. _______the earth is round is true.
A. What
B. That
C. Where
D. How
2. ________ you need is more practice.
A. What
B. That
C. All which
D. How
3. _________ leaves the classroom last will turn off the lights.
A. Whatever
B. Whoever
C. Who
D. Whom
4. _________ was said here must be kept secret.
A. Whatever
B. Whoever
C. Who
D. What
5. It is said ________ his father will come back from Japan.
A. what
B. that
C. all which
D. how
Key: 1-5 BABAB
巩固提高
6. ____you don’t like him is none of my business.
A. What
B. That
C. Who
D. How
7.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.
A. What；what
B. That；that
C. what；that
D. That ；what
8. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.
A. What
B. It
C. All that
D. That
9. It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.
A. believed
B. think
C. say
D. hoped
10. ____caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What
B. That
C. How
D. Where
11. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.
A. while
B. that
C. if
D. for
12.When and why he came here ________ yet.
A. is not known
B. are not known
C. has not known
D. have not known
13. ________ Tom liked to eat was different from ________.
A. That…that you had expected
B. What …that you had expected
C. That…what you had expected
D. What…what you had expected
14.________ we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good.
A. If...do
B. That...do
C. If...does
D. That...does
15.It’s uncertain ________ the experiment is worth doing.
A. if
B. that
C. whether
D. how
Key: 6-10 BCBAA 10-15 BACDC
1．____he does has nothing to do with me.
A. Whatever
B. No matter what
C. That
D. If
2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____
A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about
C. had the quarrel come about
D. had the quarrel come about
3. Energy is ____makes thing work..
A. what
B. something
C. anything
D. that
4. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while
B. that
C. when
D. as
5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.
A. there
B. in which
C. where
D. when
6. They have no idea at all____.
A. where he has gone
B. where did he go
C. which place has he gone
D. where has he gone
7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.
A. that
B. which
C. of which
D. of that
8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.
A. that ；had to leave
B. that；should leave
C. /；must leave
D. when；should leave
9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A. There；that
B. It；that
C. there；whether
D. It；whether
10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.
A. that
B. which
C. whether
D. if
11. Is _____he said really true?
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. whether
12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.
A. That
B. Whether
C. If
D. Where
13. It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.
A. while
B. if
C. that
D. for
14. _____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.
A. Whether
B. This
C. who
D. If
15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.
A. What
B. That
C. Whether
D. If
Key: 1-5 ABABC 6-10 AABAC 11-15 BBCAB
_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________
一.单项选择
1. ________that they found an unusual plant in the forest.
A. It is said
B. They are said
C. It said
D. It says
2. _____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What
B. That
C. How
D. Where
3. ____surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.
A. That；what
B. What；that
C. That；that
D. What；what
4. _____ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who
B. Anyone
C. Whoever
D. The person
5. _______he passed the important but difficult exam is a very good thing.
A. What
B. As
C./
D. That
6. _______he saw in his office the day before yesterday is still a puzzle.
A. That
B. Whose
C. Which
D. Whom
7. ______will be in charge of our company is still being discussed by the leaders of our city.
A. Who
B. Whom
C. Which
D. Whoever
8. ______they settled that social problem interests every one of us.
A. How
B. What
C. Which
D. That
9. _____we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If
B. Whether
C. That
D. Where
10.________ makes mistakes must correct them.
A. What
B. That
C. Whoever
D. Whatever
Key: 1-5 AABCD6-10 DAABC
二. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
About a year ago，I went to stay at a Detroit hotel. I didn't want to 1 too much money with me，so I asked the desk clerk to put a hundred-dollar bill in the safe for me.
The next morning， 2 ，the clerk said that he knew nothing about my money. I didn't have any proof 3 I had given the man the money. There was clearly nothing left to do but go to the 4 lawyer.
The lawyer 5 me to return to the hotel with him and give another hundred dollar bill to the desk. So we did. An hour later，I went 6 to the desk and asked for my money. 7 I had the lawyer as an eyewitness to the 8 hundred dollar bill，the clerk could not say he 9 nothing about it.
Another hour later，I put the second part of the lawyer's 10 into action. This time both the lawyer and I went to the hotel to 11 for the hundred-dollar bill once again，and 12 the clerk insisted that he had given 13 to me，I said it was not true. The lawyer said to him，“ I 14 this gentleman give you a hundred-dollar bill. If you don't hand it 15 immediately，I will be forced to call the 16 ”. The clerk realized he had been 17 ，so he gave me back the first hundred-dollar bill.
“ I don't know 18 to thank you enough for 19 my money back.” I said to the lawyer. And what do you suppose he answered? He said，“ Oh，don't 20 me. That will be one hundred dollars，please.”
1. A. carry B. lend C. spend D. hold
2. A. but B. yet C. however D. instead
3. A. where B. which C. why D. that
4. A. nearest B. farthest C. good D. native
5. A. advised B. promised C. agreed D. followed
6. A. up B. down C. back D. along
7. A. Though B. When C. Unless D. Since
8. A. one B. another C. first D. second
9. A. believed B. had C. knew D. heard
10. A. law B. way C. plan D. words
11. A. search B. ask C. make D. beg
12. A. when B. though C. because D. as
13. A. these B. this C. them D. it
14. A. agreed B. saw C. let D. matched
15. A. over B. in C. up D. out
16. A. policeman B. officer C. official D. clerk
17. A. punished B. helped C. cheated D. understood
18. A. why B. how C. when D. where
19. A. returning B. giving C. getting D. asking for
20. A. believe B. thank C. leave D. Fool
Key: 1-5 ACDAA6-10 CDDCC 11-15 BADBB 16-20 ACBCB
三. 阅读理解
TURIN，Italy，Feb. 15，2019 (Xinhua net) -- Chinese Wang Meng won the women’s 500m short track speed skating Wednesday night，reaping China's first gold medal in the Turin Winter Olympic Games. The Olympic debutant (初次参赛者) led all the way to clock 44.345 seconds，winning the nation's third winter Olympic gold medal after Yang Yang's two in 2019.
Bulgarian Evgenia Radanova，world record holder and 2019 silver medalist，had to settle for a silver again with a time of 44.374 seconds. Canada's Anouk Leblang-Boucher got the bronze in 44.759 with Chinese Fu Tianyu disqualified for cross tracking.
The 20-year-old Wang，who has won four World Cup races over 500m，proved herself as the most consistent short tracker in the world. Her victory helped ease China's pain of losing an expected gold in the women's 500m long-track speed skating when World Cup leader Wang Manli came second to Russia's Svetlana Zhurova on Tuesday.
Like China's Athens Olympic champion Liu Xiang，Wang jumped onto the podium and waved excitedly to the cheering crowd. "Until I jumped onto the podium did I know my name had not yet been announced，" Wang said，laughing. "I was just so excited and anxious to get onto the podium."
South Koreans Kang Y un-Mi and Jin Sun-Yu，tipped as biggest threats to Chinese skaters before the competition，were edged out in the semifinals.
41. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Wang Manli had been expected to win the women's 500m long track speed skating but she failed
B. Evgenia Radanova became world record holder in 2019.
C. Wang Meng won the first gold medal in the Turin Winter Olympic Games.
D. Svetlana Zhurova came second together with Wang Manli.
42.Why did Wang Meng jumped onto the podium before her name was announced?
A. Because Liu Xiang had done so before.
B. Because she didn't understand the language.
C. Because the cheering crowd wanted her to do so.
D. Because she was so excited and anxious.
43. How many skaters are mentioned in this passage?
A. 10
B. 9
C. 11
D. 8
44. Which of the following explanations is closest in meaning with the underlined word “edged out” in the last paragraph?
A. forbidden to take part
B. kicked out
C. chosen
D. picked out
Key: ADBB
外研版高中英语必修8 全册教学设计教案
目录 Module 1 Deep South Period II Module 1 Deep South Period III Module 1 Deep South Period IV Module 1 Deep South Period V Module 1 Deep South Period VI Module 1 Deep South Period Ⅰ Module 1《Deep South》 Module 2 The Renaissance--cultural corner and task Module 2 The Renaissance--function and grammar Module 2 The Renaissance--reading and vocabulary 1 Module 2 The Renaissance--reading practice Module 2 The Renaissance--Vocabulary and writing Module 2 The Renaissance--word list and introduction Module 3 Foreign Food--function and grammar Module 3 Foreign Food--reading and vocabulary Module 3 Foreign Food--reading practice Module 3 Foreign Food--vocabulary and writing Module 3 Foreign Food--word list and introduction Module 4 Which English--Cultural corner Module 4 Which English--Grammar Module 4 Which English--Introduction Module 4 Which English--Listening Everyday English Speaking Module 4 Which English--Reading and Vocabulary Module 4 Which English--Reading Practice Module 4 Which English--Speaking-Reading and Vocabulary (2)-Writing-Task Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Introduction Reading and speaking Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Listening Everyday English Speaking Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe-- Reading and Vocabulary Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Grammar Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Reading and Vocabulary (2) Writing Task Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe--Reading Practice Module 6 《War and Peace-grammer》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Introduction》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Language Points》 Module 6《The Tang Poems-Reading and writing》
高中英语学习材料 ***鼎尚图文理制作*** 单元质量评估(一) 一、单项选择（共10小题；共10分） 1. Travelling has really helped to broaden our , which makes us wiser. A. differences B. horizons C. shortcomings D. hardships 2. I didn't mean to tell you his name; it was a of my tongue at that time. A. fault B. coincidence C. dilemma D. slip 3. Thousands of young college students have the job, because it provides a high salary, a long paid vacation every year and many other attractive benefits. A. applied for B. turned down C. thrown away D. complained of 4. --- How did you make such rapid progress in your English? Do you have any secrets? --- No. Only hard working. A. in terms of B. in honor of C. by means of D. on behalf of 5. I'd like Jim Jack, to go to the farewell party on behalf of our class. A. more than B. less than C. rather than D. or rather 6. --- Why are you so late, Tom? --- I was on half the way when it to me that I had left my notebook at home, so I had to fetch it. A. occurred B. hit C. happened D. reminded 7. --- Miss Brown is very busy, isn't she? --- Yes, she is. She has greater responsibilities so far. A. taken off B. taken out C. taken in D. taken on 8. the courses(跑道) for the sports meeting gave us much pleasure as well as knowledge. A. Looking out B. Marking out C. Taking out D. Breaking out 9. The maths examination was rather difficult; to our joy, the students passed it. A. a great many B. a great many of C. a great deal of D. plenty of 10. Such differences that we're moving from one level of understanding to another. A. suppose B. control C. indicate D. improve 二、完形填空（共20小题；共30分）
必修1 第一单元ANNE’S BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hide away for two years before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15, June, 1944 Dear kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I came here. …For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 人教版高中英语单词表选修八-带音标人敃版高中英语卑词表选修八Unit 1 California /’kli’f ?:nj?/ n.加利福尼亚Californian /’kli’f?:nj?n/ n.adj.加利福尼亚(州)人(癿) illustrate /’il?streit/ vt.说明；阐明distinct /dis’ti?kt/ adj.清晰癿；明显癿；明确癿 distinction /dis’ti?k??n/ n.巩别；区分；卐著immigrant /’imigr?nt/ n.秱民 live on 继续存在；继续生存 strait /streit/ n.海峡 Bering Strait n.白令海峡Arctic /’ɑ:ktik/ adj.北枀癿；北枀区癿 the Arctic 北枀 means /mi:nz/ n.手段；斱法 by means of... 用...办法；借劣... prehistoric /’pri:hi’st?:rik/ adj.史前癿majority /m?’d??riti/ n.大多数；大半ministry /’ministri/ n.(政府癿)部；(全体)牧师Catholic /’k?lik/ adj.天主敃癿 n.天主敃徒 Alaska /?’lsk?/ n.阿拉斯加(州) San Francisco 圣弗兰西斯科(旧釐山) adventurer /?d’vent??r?/ n.冎险家 make a life 习惯于新癿生活斱式、工作等despite /dis’pait/ prep.尽管；不管hardship /’hɑ:d?ip/ n.苦难；困苦elect /i’lekt/ vt.选择；决定做某事；选丼某人federal /’fed?r?l/ adj.联邦制癿；联邦政府癿 rail /reil/ n.铁路；扶手；横条 percentage /p ?’sentid?/ n.百分比；百分率 Los Angeles 洛杉机Italy /’it ?li/ n.意大利Italian /i’tlj?n/ n.意大利人；意大利语 adj.意大利人癿；意大利语癿Denmark /’denmɑ:k/ n.丹麦 keep up 坚 1/ 13
人教版高中英语选修十单词表 unit1 1. venture['vent??]n.（有风险的）商业、企业 2. web[web]n．（蜘蛛等的）网查看详细 3. Scottish['sk?ti?]adj.苏格兰的；苏格兰人的； 4. suffering['s?f?ri?]n．苦楚；受难 5. gall-bladder[ɡ?:l'bl?d?]n. 胆囊 6. strengthen['stre?θn]vt.加强；巩固 7. endurance[in'dju?r?ns]n.忍耐；持久；耐（性）
8. hut[h?t]n.小屋；棚屋 9. stove[st?uv]n.炉子 10. unbearable[,?n'bε?r?bl]n.无法忍受的；承受不住的 11. cosy['k?uzi]adj.舒适的；安逸的 12. block out[bl?k aut]封闭 13. breathless['breθlis]adj.喘不过气来的 14. rotten['r?tn]adj.腐烂的；变质的 15. blacken['bl?k?n]vt.使变黑 16. circumstance['s?:k?mst?ns]n.环境；详情；境况
17. blast[bl?st]n.一阵（风）；一股（气流） 18. hoarse[h?:s]adj.嘶哑的 19. bless[bles]vt.祝福；保佑 20. selfish['selfi?]adj.自私的 21. hook[h?k]n.钩；吊钩vt.钩住；入迷 22. aboard[??b?:d]adv.＆perp.在船（飞机） 23. seasickness['si:siknis]n. 晕船 24. anyhow['enihau]adv.无论如何 25. steward[stju?d]n.（轮船、飞机等）乘务员；膳
Test for Module 8 Unit 1-2 I. 词汇检测（共10小题, 每空1分, 满分10分） 1)单词拼写(5分) 1. He was late for school, so he s____________ into the classroom by the back door in order not to be noticed by his teacher. 2. Don't b____________ me with your silly questions. I have a lot of work to do now. 3. Thoughts are expressed by m____________ of words. We should learn to express ourselves. 4. If I could o____________ $9000 scholarships annually, I would be able to complete my studies. 5. Thanks to the good policy, economy is b____________, which has created job opportunities. 2）请用所给词的适当形式填空(5分) 6. She could not resist ________________ (laugh) at him in those clothes. 7. I really object to __________________ (treat) like this. It is unfair to me. 8. If you go on working like this, you're bound _________________ (break) down sooner or later. 9. Builders sometimes have to wait up to 2 years from submitting an _________________ (apply) until permission is granted. 10. I __________________ (forbid) from going out with my friends last night. II. 完形填空（共20小题；每小题2分, 满分40分） Yesterday was a very rainy day. My back garden was miserable. The sunflowers tried to keep __11__ by covering their faces with their petals(花瓣). The poor fir tree was so cold that his needles(针叶) were __12__. Our willow tree made matters worse __13__ crying so hard that little “rivers” flowed down his leaves onto the other plants __14__. They were all annoyed. The willow tree said he was sorry and __15__ that he was always unhappy when it rained. “That's silly, ” his neighbor, the apple tree, told him. “__16__ is good for willow trees!” “Be brave, ” said the giant cherry tree. “The rain won't __17__ forever. ” Then the cherry tree shook her branches, sending __18__ flying through the air and into the fishpond. The fish swam __19__ to the water surface. They had been studying fish dancing. “Do you know how hard it is to __20__ our lesson with the rain dropping on our roof?” asked the biggest fish.“You just made it twice as annoying and __21__ in here. I have such a headache!” The cherry tree __22__ for being so thoughtless. She promised to shake her branches in a different __23__ next time. There was so much water in the gutter(排水沟) that a river __24__. Two green-and-gold ducks came and went for a __25__ in the river. As it was only wide enough for one duck, they began __26__ with each other about who should be the leader.
选修8 Unit 1 大课文多样性的土地 加州 加州是美国第三大洲,但是人口最多。它也有不同的是最多元文化国家在美国,有吸引了来自世界各地的人们。的习俗和语言的移民活在新居。这个文化多样性并不令人惊讶当你知道他的历史加州。本土美国人 什么时候到的第一批人我们现在知道的加利福尼亚,没有人真的知道。然而,很可能在加利福尼亚居住美国印地安人是至少一万五千年前。科学家们认为这些定居者穿过白令海峡在北极到美国的一种方法中存在的陆地桥在史前时期。在16世纪,欧洲人到来之后,当地人中蒙受了重大损失。数千人的死亡或被迫成为奴隶。另外,许多人死于这种疾病所带来的欧洲人。然而,从一些这些可怕的时代,今天还有更多的美国人住在加州比任何其他国家。 西班牙 在18世纪,加州被西班牙。名西班牙士兵初到南美洲,在16世纪早期当他们攻打当地人,把他们的土地。两个世纪以后,西班牙人定居在大部分南美和沿西北海岸的我们现在所称的美国。第一个西班牙去加州,大多数都是虔诚的教徒。他们的部门是要教导天主教给当地人。1821年,墨西哥取得了他们的从西班牙独立。加州的一部分则成了墨西哥。1846年美国宣战墨西哥和战争结束后获美国、墨西哥不得不给加州
到美国。然而,仍有强烈的西班牙影响国家。这就是为什么今天超过40的加州人说西班牙语作为第一或第二语言。 俄罗斯人 在19世纪初,俄罗斯的猎人,这些原本,开始去阿拉斯加定居在加州。在那里的今天是大约2.5万美籍俄裔住在旧金山市区和郊区。 黄金生产商 1848年1月24日,美墨战争后不久,有人在加州发现了黄金。快速致富的梦想吸引了来自世界各地的人们。最近的,因此第一个到达,是来自美国人民和来自美国。然后从欧洲和亚洲的冒险者随之而来。事实上,一些达到了他们的梦想成为富足。一些死亡或回到家,但是大多数住在加利福尼亚使自己的生活不顾大的困难。他们就住在新城镇或在农场工作。在加州成为31日当选美国的联邦州在1850年,已经是一个多元文化的社会。 晚来者 尽管中国移民开始到在淘金热期间,他们的建筑……（文件丢失）从西方的铁路网络到东海岸带来了更大的编号到加州十九世纪六十年代。今天,美藉华人住在加州的所有部分,尽管大部分选择呆在“唐人街”的洛杉矶和旧金山。 意大利人等其他移民,主要渔民还酿酒师,到达了加州在十九世纪。在1911年移民建立了镇来自丹麦的自己,今天仍然继续他们的丹麦文化。到了二十世纪二十年代电影产业被确立在美国加利福尼亚州的好莱坞。因此本行业的繁荣——吸引了欧洲人包括许多犹太民族主
人教版《英语选修10》(普通高中课程标准实验教科书)单元词汇、音标、词义。Unit 1 venture/'vent??/n.(有风险的)商业、企业vi.vt.冒险；敢于去web/web/n.(蜘蛛)网 Scottish adj.苏格兰(人)的；苏格兰英语的 suffering/'s?f?ri?/n.苦楚；受难 gall-bladder n.胆囊 strengthen/'stre?θ?n/vt.加强；巩固 Perce Blackborow珀斯.布莱克鲍罗 Sir Ernest Shackleton欧内斯特.沙克尔顿爵士 endurance/in'dju?r?ns/n.忍耐；持久；耐(性) hut/h?t/n.小屋；棚屋 stove/st?uv/n.炉子 unbearable/?n'b??r?bl/adj.无法忍受的；承受不住的 cosy/'kouzi/adj.舒适的，安逸的 block out封闭 breathless/'breθlis/adj.喘不过气来的 rotten/'r?tn/adj.腐烂的；变质的 blacken/'bl?k?n/vt.使变黑 circumstance/'s?:k?mst?ns/n.环境；详情；境况 blast/blɑ:st/n.一阵(风)；一股(气流) hoarse/h?:s/adj.嘶哑的 bless/bles/vt.祝福；保佑 selfish/'selfi?/adj.自私的 Tom Orde-Lees汤姆.奥德.利兹 hook/huk/n.钩；吊钩vt.钩住；迷上 aboard/?'b?:d/adv.在船(飞机、车等)上；上船(飞机、车等) seasickness n.晕船 anyhow/'enihau/adv.无论如何 steward/stju?d/n.乘务员；膳务员 crush/kr??/vt.碾碎；粉碎；(使)变形 mourn/m?:n/vi.哀悼；忧伤 urgent/'?:d??nt/adj.急迫的；紧急的 bedding/'bedi?/n.被褥；草垫 Hussey赫西 banjo/'b?nd??u/n.班卓琴；五弦琴 vital/'vaitl/adj.生死攸关的；重要的
选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-Reading CALIFORNIA California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California. NATIVE AMERCANS Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, t he native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases b rought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state. THE SPANISH In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. RUSSIANS In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco. GOLD MINERS In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.
人教版高中英语选修8 课文及翻译 选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity-Reading CALIFORNIA California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California. NATIVE AMERCANS Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state. THE SPANISH In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took their land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. In 1821, the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state. That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. RUSSIANS In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in California. Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco. GOLD MINERS In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. The dream of becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. In fact, few achieved their dream of becoming rich. Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. By the time California elected to become the
必修1 Unit 1 Friendship 语法点直接引语与间接引语Ⅰ（陈述和疑问语序) 考点1. 辨别宾语从句 2. 宾语从句连接词选用。 3. 宾语从句用陈述语序。 存在的问题1.分不清主句和宾语从句。 2. 不能根据句意选择正确连接词。 3. 疑问语序和陈述语序的辨别。 Unit 2 English around the world 语法点进行时用法总结 考点1. 进行时表正在进行的动作或存在的状态 2. 进行时表将来 存在的问题1. 进行时的正确结构不明确。 2. 进行表将来和将来表将来的异同点不明确。 Unit 3 Travel journal 语法点进行时用法总结 考点1. 进行时表正在进行的动作或存在的状态 2. 进行时表将来 存在的问题1. 进行时的正确结构不明确。 2. 进行表将来和将来表将来的异同点不明确。 Unit 4 Earthquakes 语法点定语从句Ⅰ(关系代词)
考点1. 定语从句辨别。 2. 定语从句中先行词的辨别。 3. 定语从句中选用关系代词。 存在的问题1. 主从复合句中分不清主句和定语从句。 2. 找不出定语从句的先行词 3. 分辨不清先行词在定语从句中担当句子成分Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero 语法点定语从句Ⅱ（关系副词） 考点1. 定语从句辨别。 2. 定语从句中先行词的辨别。 3. 定语从句中选用关系副词。 存在的问题1. 找不出定语从句的先行词 2. 分辨不清先行词在定语从句中担当句子成分 必修2 Unit1 Cultural relics 语法点限制定从和非限定从 考点1. 辨别定从和非限定从 2. that 不能用于非限定从 3. as与which 引导非限定从的区别 存在的问题1. 关系代词和关系副词的选择 2. 分不清关系副词也能引导非限定从 Unit 2 The Olympic Games 语法点一般将来时的被动语态
人教版选修10课文译文 一次成功的失败经历 如果起初不成功，就要一次又一次地尝试。——W·C·菲尔兹 1914 年 8 月，珀斯·布莱克鲍罗参加了欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士的“持久号”轮船南极探险。沙克尔顿是他那个时代最负盛名的探险家，加入他的探险活动被认为是一种巨大的荣耀。现在请看读帕斯所讲故事的第一部分。 1916 年 8 月 29 日慢慢地，我把头探出睡袋，向四周看了看。一切都是灰色的：小屋里面看上去是灰色的，晨曦看上去是灰色的，燃油炉上噗噗作响的罐子也是灰色的。同往常一样，气味中混合着汗液、海豹油脂和脏内衣的味道，几乎让人难以忍受。我尝试着想一些快乐的事情：温暖和干爽的衣服、舒适的卧室、阳光灿烂的日子、妈妈的脸庞，以及返家后得到的庆贺，因为我是试图横穿南极大陆的一次失败探险活动的成员之一，这种事以前还没有人做过。正想到这儿，一条黑毛毯掉下来把我盖住，几乎把美好时光的记忆封闭住了。 一想到由于冻伤变黑而必须截去的腐烂的脚趾头，我就感到喘不过气来。我们的境况让人绝望，谁也不清楚会不会活着回去。也许好些年后，我们的尸体会被其他探险队所辨认并搜集起来。 正当我快要变得自我怜惜起来时，我们营棚的门开了，一股冷空气穿过营棚。“把门关上!”我用一种自己都快辨认不出来的沙哑的嗓音嚷嚷道。“坚持下去，珀斯。不要变成另一个汤姆。”一个声音在应答。“我们又逮住了一只企鹅，今晚有企鹅汤喝了!”保佑弗兰克一吓尔德，他可是我们的头儿欧内斯特·沙克尔顿之外最好的人啦。我怎么能像汤姆·奥德·利兹那样自私自利和脾气暴躁呢!我挣扎着下床，新的一天开始了。 当初宣布探险活动时，我才 20 岁，老梦想着要去冒险。所以在 1914 年 7 月的一个早晨，我是怀着无比激动的心情读以下这则广告的： 为危险之旅招募人手：工资低廉、寒冷无比、数月不见天日、无法确保安全返回。如果成功，荣耀和报酬将会接踵而至。欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士。 同伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士去南极探险——我被深深地迷住了!我是探险的门外汉，但我年轻，身体健康而且精力充沛。我偷偷地上了“持久号”轮船，藏在一个小橱里。直到轮船已开始航行了，我才被人发现，而且晕船晕得很厉害。不管怎么说，沙克尔顿似乎对我傻乎乎的行为感兴趣，并且接受了这种局面。他让我当一名伙计，协助做 28 个人一天三顿的饭菜。 1915 年 1 月 18 日，正当我们接近南极时，“持久号”被海上的浮冰(有的坚固无比，有的破裂成若干巨大的冰块浮在水上)卡住了。周围的冰都冻结了，我们千真万确地被困住了!轮船在我们的眼前慢慢地被挤坏。我相信沙克尔顿肯定会对这次探险意想不到的结局而痛心，但他并没有把时间浪费在遗憾和悔恨中。他镇静地把大家召集在一起，然后紧急宣布我们必须在船沉下去之前，只抢出基本给养，尤其是小船、食物、炊具、蜡烛、卧具和衣服。为了显示自己的决心，沙克尔顿把一些金币和他的金表扔到冰上。然而，让我感到惊讶的是，他竟鼓励赫西带上班卓琴。他把班卓琴描述成让我们保持精神振奋的关键。 他的顽强精神赢得了我们对他的完全信赖。他对我们也总是坦诚相待(就像广告中那样)，他从不灰心丧气，从不放弃，甚至当轮船沉下去时也是如此。1916 年 4 月 9 日，我们搬到了大象岛上现在的宿营地。不久沙克尔顿给我们这里的生活列出了规矩：取消级别和社会地位上的差异，每个人都得忙起来；公平分配食物和卧具；关心每一个人。这种团队精神鼓舞了船员们的士气，并挽救了我们的生命。 我们在大象岛上一安顿好，沙克尔顿就马上向大家解释了他的营救计划：22 人留在这里，他挑选其他五个人去南乔治亚求援。由于谁也不知道我们身处何地，所以不能指望任何外部救援。我永远也不会忘记眼看着小船从哗哗作响的波浪中消失在波涛汹涌的大洋里的情景。留在大象岛上的人发誓要按他所主张的那样做：在他返回来救我们之前要保持乐观、恢复健康。