(必备)武汉大学近年研究生英语期末试题

Intercultural CommunicationIn recent years, it is widely acknowledged that interculturalcommunication has been becoming an increasingly common phenomenon. From my point of view, a number of factors could account for this trend.First and foremost, the development of transportation.Now jet planes fly everywhere. It used to take months to travel from Shanghai to Los Angeles, but now it takes only 12 hours. It is now much easier for people to move from one country to another. People of different countries and races get together much oftener than before.What’s more, the advancementof communication means. Nowadays people get in touch with each other in various ways, through internet, telephone, mobile phone and so on. These efficient means sharply promote intercultural communication to a large extent.Besides, the ongoingof economicglobalization.Since economic globalization lead to the production and market globalization, more and more multinational corporations now operate in quite a few countries. Theiremployees are of different ethnic groups and from different countries.Last but not the list, the increasing of lions of people now move across national borders every year.Therefore, all these causes contribute to the fact that intercultural communication is now a daily occurrence. Its importance now is being recognized by a growing number of people.StepfamilyAs is known to all, with the notable increase of divorce rate,stepfamilyhas been becoming an increasingly common phenomenon.A stepfamily, also known as a blended family or reconstituted family, is a family in which one or both members of the couple have children from a previous relationship.In the United States today, at least one third of all children will live in a step-family before they turn 18. Step-families are becoming more typical than ever before. Peoplehave figured out a variety of methods to deal with stepfamily.First and foremost, before marrying into a stepfamily, it is vital for you to keep in mind that you are not onlyjust marrying a man or a woman, but also marrying the children too! Andyou are marrying into a system that is, by definition, difficult, frustrating and lonely at times. Even though you have a house full of people you call family, when you're a stepdad or stepmother, you will feel isolated and lonely. This is almost certain - with few exceptions.Last but not the list, with blended families, it is vital to take things slowly but surely. If children are still reeling from a divorce or the absence or one of their biological parents, it may be difficult for them to accept or appreciate a stepparent at first. If a child is hesitant, do not hold that against him. One conflict that is common with children is feeling like they are betraying their "real" parent by liking the new stepparent. Try to understand the point of view of your children and give them sufficient time, space and love.There is no denying that it is not an easy thing to cope with a step family.It takes time for stepfamily members to truly know one another, develop new traditions and form long lasting emotional bonds.Human Capital and Economic DevelopmentIn recent decades, people in growing number are come to realize the importance of human capital. It is widely acknowledged that human capital plays an increasingly important role in economic development. Some economists insist that the effect of human capita on economic development is greater than that of physical capital.Human capital promotes the economic development in a few ways. First and foremost, it enhance the skill as well as knowledge of the employee notably, as a result, the workers become more and more productive. For instance, if you train a individual to be a better accountant, the accountingperformance of that individual will rise. If you train a worker to fix an engine, the worker will be more productive in fixing engines. These are the obvious direct effects of making people more skilled. Last but not the list, human capital also improves the adaptability and allocative efficiency in society. It allow agents to allocate resource more effectively across tasks. It enhances the ability of agents to adapt to changes and to respond to new opportunities.From my point of view, we have reason to believe that human capital is of great importance in economic development and we’d better spare no effort to make full use of it. Consequently, there is no denying that we must pay more attention to education and improve the qualityofpopulation.Gender Differencefor college graduate in EmploymentIt is widely acknowledged that the gender difference between man and woman in employment have been becoming increasingly obvious.It is not uncommon that female college students seems have more difficulty in job searching compared with boys. What’s worse, quite a few companies in china are unwilling to employ female college students.In my view, a number of factors could account for this problem. First and foremost, it has much to do with our traditional concept. In Chinesehistory, woman’status has been lower than that of the man. This more or less may have a negative effect on the thoughts of some employer. What’s more, some stereotypes isolate female college students from quite a few jobs.Some insist that women are always fragile, tender and emotional, and they don’t think woman could be competent at some jobs. Last but not the list, most companies are less like to employ female college students because they don’t want to undertake social responsibilities. Considering that female college students are going to get married as well as have a baby after a year or two and they may ask for a long leave, many employers are really reluctant to employ them.From my point of view, it is obvious that thephenomenon above are totally unreasonable and even illegal.There is no denying that enough concern must be paid to this problem. The authorities concerned should strengthen supervision, and at the same time female college students also should enhance the awareness of right.。

武汉大学英语试题及答案a卷一、听力理解（共20分）1. What does the man mean by saying "It's not my day"?A. He's feeling very tired.B. He's having bad luck.C. He's not feeling well.D. He's not working today.2. What does the woman imply by saying "I'm all ears"?A. She's bored.B. She's eager to listen.C. She's not interested.D. She's busy.3. What is the man's opinion about the movie?A. It's too long.B. It's very exciting.C. It's boring.D. It's educational.4. Why does the woman refuse the man's offer?A. She doesn't like the color.B. She doesn't need it.C. She doesn't like the style.D. She's already got one.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. A trip.B. A book.C. A movie.D. A restaurant.二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 1In this passage, the author discusses the importance of environmental protection. The article highlights the consequences of pollution and the need for sustainable practices.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Environmental protection is crucial.B. Pollution is a minor issue.C. Sustainable practices are unnecessary.D. The consequences of pollution are unknown.7. According to the passage, which of the following is a result of pollution?A. Improved air quality.B. Increased biodiversity.C. Loss of wildlife habitats.D. Reduced energy consumption.8. What does the author suggest as a solution to environmental problems?A. Ignoring the issue.B. Implementing sustainable practices.C. Relying on technology alone.D. Waiting for natural processes to correct the problem.Passage 2This passage is about the history of the internet and its impact on society. It explores the origins of the internet and how it has transformed communication, business, and education.9. When was the internet first developed?A. In the 1960s.B. In the 1970s.C. In the 1980s.D. In the 1990s.10. Which of the following is NOT an impact of the internet on society?A. Faster communication.B. Increased privacy concerns.C. The rise of e-commerce.D. A decline in the use of landlines.11. What does the author believe about the future of the internet?A. It will become obsolete.B. It will continue to evolve.C. It will be replaced by a new technology.D. It will have no further impact on society.三、完形填空（共20分）In this section, you will read a short passage with blanks. Choose the best word from the four options to complete the passage.12. A: I'm really worried about the final exam.B: Don't ________. Just do your best.A. give upB. worryC. hurryD. forget13. The ________ of the old building was completed last year.A. constructionB. destructionC. protectionD. renovation14. She has a ________ for classical music.A. passionB. fearC. dislikeD. doubt15. The company is ________ a new product.A. developingB. testingC. sellingD. advertising四、翻译（共15分）Translate the following sentences into English.16. 随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越方便。

2019武汉大学博士学位英语考试重点复习一、段落分析第一课的第三段：Our second major discovery was that the Information Marketplace will dramatically affect people and organizations on a wide scale. Besides its many uses in commerce, office work, and manufacturing, it will also improve health care, provide new ways to shop, enable professional and social encounters across the globe, and generally permeate the thousands of things we do in the course of our daily lives. It will help us pursue old and new pleasures, and it will encourage new art forms, which may be criticized but will move art forward, as new tools have always done. It will also improve education and training, first in specific and established ways and later through breakthroughs that are confidently awaited. Human organizatio ns from tiny companies to entire第一课的第十二段：The wise eye will also see that the Information Marketplace is much influential than its parts—the interfaces, middleware and pipes that make up the three-story building on which we stand. Once they are integrated, they present a much greater power—the power to prevent an asthmatic from dying in a remote town in Alaska, to enable an unemployed bank loan officer to find and succeed at a new form of work, to allow a husband and wife to revel in the accomplishments of a distant daughter while also providing emotional and financial support. These powers are far greater than第八课的第一段：Countless cultures around the world have disappeared, along with their mythologies. In Mesoamerica, dozens of ornate Mayan temples lie mute, as do an untold number of Incanmonuments in Peru, Celtic cairns in Wales, Khmer statues in Cambodia, and magnificent第八课的第二段Easter Island, celebrated for the giant statues left by its vanished civilization, is unique in archaeology because of its isolation from its neighbors. Current archaeological evidence indicates that some 1,600 years ago the island's first settlers, explorers from Polynesia, found themselves in a pristine paradise with subtropical forests, dozens of wild bird species, and no predators. They multiplied and prospered, distributing resources in a manner that suggests a sophisticated economy and complex political system. Rival clans erected ever-larger statues on platforms, emulating the stone carvings of their Polynesian forebears, trying to surpass each other with displays of power and wealth.第八课的第四段：It is likely that changes in the forest occurred over decades and would have been difficult to detect immediately. An islander might easily have missed the long-term trend, thinking: “This year we cleared those woods over there, but trees are starting to grow back again over here.”Furthermore, any islander who issued a warning against the oncoming disaster would have been silenced by the ruling class. Chiefs, priests, and stone carvers all depended on the status quo to第八课的第六段：Humanity may not act in time to prevent the decimation of the rain forests, fossil fuels, arable land, and fisheries. In only 40 years, Ethiopia’s forest cover shrank from 30% to 1%. During the same time period, the rest of the world lost half of its rain forests. Powerful decision-making groups ignore those who sound an alarm; their political, economic, and religious agendas fail to address the第八课的第八段：If we are going to avoid the fate of the Easter Islanders, we must change the myths that are leading us toward extinction and find inspiring visions of a plausible and appealing future. The old myths have collapsed, but no new ones have emerged to fill the vacuum. For transformation to occur, human beings must actively shape the future, an enterprise that goes to the heart of mythmaking. If we are each a cell in what Peter Russell calls “The Global Brain,”then this is an第八课的第十二段：But as the Grand Narrative of Progress came to dominate other values and views, it cast a malignant shadow. The invention of the automobile was the quintessence of progress, but it left overcrowded highways, air pollution, and deforestation in its wake. Fertilizers increased crop production but also increased the growth of algae in lakes and canals. The discovery of powerful insecticides——first greeted with enthusiasm and a Nobel Prize——was followed by the unintentional poisoning of fish, birds, and animals. Nuclear power plants increased available energy but led to storage problems, life-threatening contamination, and at least one accident with worldwide repercussions. The waste products of technological living began to choke great cities and foul once-pristine lands. Although Western housing, clothing, and religion were brought to aboriginal people, and the rate of infectious disease went down, the rate of alcoholism, drug第八课的第二十五段：The third principle is to identify real-life situations in which antagonists can find common ground. With a recognition of the limitations of linguistic exchange, postmodernists urge that groups “press beyond dialogue.”For example, athletes and musicians from all walks of life can generate smooth and effective teams or musical groups. Business executives and scientists from conflicting backgrounds are often able to work together to generate multinational corporations and二、文章结构分析第八课1-4段Countless cultures around the world have disappeared, along with their mythologies. In Mesoamerica, dozens of ornate Mayan temples lie mute, as do an untold number of Incan monuments in Peru, Celtic cairns in Wales, Khmer statues in Cambodia, and magnificent ziggurat-like structures in central Africa.Easter Island, celebrated for the giant statues left by its vanished civilization, is unique in archaeology because of its isolation from its neighbors. Current archaeological evidence indicates that some 1,600 years ago the island’s first settlers, explorers from Polynesia, found themselves in a pristine paradise with subtropical forests, dozens of wild bird species, and no predators. They multiplied and prospered, distributing resources in a manner that suggests a sop histicated economy and complex political system. Rival clans erected ever-larger statues on platforms, emulating the stone carvings of their Polynesian forebears, trying to surpass each other with displays of power and wealth.Eventually, as the island’s population grew to 20,000 people, the forests were cut more rapidly than they regenerated. Trees were transformed into fuel, canoes, and houses, as well as rollers and ropes to transport the gigantic stone heads. In time, the absence of wood for sea going canoesreduced the fish catches, while erosion and deforestation diminished crop yields. The growing populace consumed the local bird and animal populations. When the island could no longer feed its human population, the political and religious oligarchy that had directed and distributed the local resources began to languish. Many archaeologists believe the ruling class was overthrown by warriors. In the ensuing disorder, clan fought clan fought clan, toppling and desecrating each other’s statues. When the Europeans arrived on Easter Sunday, 1772, the once-fertile island was barren and desolate. Its remaining inhabitants, only a fraction of the numbers a few generations earlier, were heirs to a once-greater society that had degenerated into violence, starvation, and cannibalism.It is likely that changes in the forest occurred over decades and would have been difficult to detect immediately. An islander might easily have missed the long-term trend, thinking: “This year we cleared those woods over there, but trees are starting to grow back again over here.”Furthermore, any islander who issued a warning against the oncoming disaster would have been silenced by the ruling class. Chiefs, priests, and stone carvers all depended on the status quo to retain their positions and privileges.附：武汉大学博士研究生英语试题Part I Documental Analysis 20%Attention: Analyze the following paragraph according to the requirements of perspective, method and skill, and questions.But as the Grand Narrative of Progress came to dominate other values and views, it cast a malignant shadow. The invention of the automobile was the quintessence of progress, but it left overcrowded highways, air pollution, and deforestation in its wake. Fertilizers increased crop production but also increased the growth of algae in lakes and canals. The discovery of powerful insecticides--first greeted with enthusiasm and a Nobel Prize--was followed by the unintentional poisoning of fish, birds, and animals. Nuclear power plants increased available energy but led to storage problems, life-threatening contamination, and at least one accident with worldwide repercussions. The waste products of technological living began to choke great cities and foul once-pristine lands. Although Western housing, clothing, and religion were brought to aboriginal people, and the rate of infectious disease went down, the rate of alcoholism, drug addiction, suicide, and spouse and child abuse went up.Part II Article Analysis 15%Attention:Fill the chart according to the requirements based on your understanding of the following article.1. We live in times that are harsh but exciting, where everyone agrees that we are moving to a new level of civilization. Principles, values, ways of life, will no longer be the same; but as yet we are not really ready for these changes; we are faced with inventing the future and also bringing it into operation, progressively; we make experiments and we frequently make mistakes; but we are beginning to know what we want when we talk of justice, freedom and democracy. The scientific and technological community is directly involved in the questions that arise. Following those ofour generation, the demands of your generation will continue until these aims have been at least partially achieved.2. The closeness of scientific problems to political problems is such that scientific workers are not, far from it, protected from socio-economic vicissitudes. So much so that they sometimes express the same needs as all other workers and join them in this context; but they also call for specific measures. Like everyone else we need freedom but we especially need freedom of expression for our scientific and technological ideas; we need this even if it is only to put them forward for criticism. We don't ask for any particular privilege but we would like the efforts made to be evaluated at their actual worth, in the interests of society.3. If our federation is so active in working for a statement of the rights and responsibilities of scientific workers, it is because we wish to resolve this problem in a way appropriate to most countries.4. So you will certainly play an important part in society, even if this is not always readily recognized by society, because scientific and technological knowledge and expertise are the context in which future economic, social and political changes will take place. Whatever you do, you cannot ignore them and, whatever is said, society will not be able to ignore you. You will also have a decisive part to play, and perhaps an even more difficult one, in the scientific and technological community itself. The whole extension of this community and its interaction with society as a whole leads scientific workers to get involved in all political debates, crises and decisions. You will have to note the essential demands of science as such; it is not simply a matter of protecting society from unacceptable consequences; one must also protect scientific activity from political and financial meddling.5. It is vital to safeguard the basic honesty of science, the honesty that is basic to its metho d. Whenever, in the history of science, this honesty has been set aside, the consequences have been serious. I am not speaking merely of the suicide or disgrace of an individual but of the social and economic damage arising from such lapses. There are worse possibilities: at a time when problems are increasingly complex, with ever widening political implications, we need science to be technically dependable and socially credible. In a world of turbulence, science's saving grace is not simply material but lies in its rationality.Part III Writing 25%Attention: Write an essay on the following topic with substantial evidence and good reasoning (e.g.in a linear way) in more than 300 words.How to Write English Well as a PhD Candidate---- On My Class ExperiencePart I. Documental Analysis 20% Topic: ______________________________ ______________________________Perspective(s): ____________________________________________________Method(s): ______________________________________________________Skill(s): _______________________________ _______________________________Questions: ________________________________________________________Part II. Article Analysis 15%。

武汉大学硕士研究生英语期末考试资料包考试题型及出题范围基本如下，(期末卷面成绩占70%,平时上课及作业20%,口语考试10%)(1)听力理解20题(20%):课内(听说课本的part1and2)占15%,课外5%.均为选择题(四选一)(2)词汇25题(25%):阅读课本五个单元TextＡ中的黑体字是重点，均为选择题(四选一)．(3)阅读理解20题（20％)课外两篇长度大约1000字的阅读文章，均为选择题(四选一)．(4)翻译（15％）：英译汉4句，选自(1/3/4/5/7单元/)五篇课内阅读文章；汉译英3句（或一小段），选自翻译课本（汉译英那一章）(5)写作（20％）：给两篇文章，长度1000字左右，选读一篇并写出约180字的summary．Unit1translation1.it’s appropriate at this time of major changes in the international scene to take a look at some of the reasons for the disappointing results of attempts at communications.在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。

2.one answer to the question of why misunderstanding or rejection happens might be that many of us naively assume there are sufficient similarities among peoples of the world to enable us to successfully exchange information or feelings,solve problems of mutual concerns,cement business relationships,or just make the kind of impression we wish to make.为什么误解或反对会产生呢？这个问题的一个回答就是，大部分的人天真地认为世界上的人有足够的相似之处，可以让我们成功地交流信息或感受，解决共同关注的一些问题，加强商业关系，或者只是产生我们所希望产生的印象。

English Examination for Graduates (Paper A)(January 18th, 2010)I.Listening Comprehension (20%)Directions: In this part, you are going to listen to four passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be read only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.1. A. Because they don’t know the custom.B. Because they emphasize equality of the sexes.C. Because it’s customary for ladies to push chairs for men at a dinner table in America.D. Because usually the host or hostess pushes the chairs for women at a dinner table .2. A. Americans hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Europeans dothe opposite.B. Americans use both hands while Europeans use only one hand when eating.C. Europeans hold the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Americans dothe opposite.D. Europeans keep the knife in the right hand and the fork in the left while Americans usejustone hand and keep the other one on their lap.3. A. Europeans are more apt to drink coffee after the meal while Americans between bites.B. Americans are more apt to drink coffee after the meal while Europeans between bites.C. Americans drink coffee before the meal while Europeans after the meal.D. Europeans drink coffee before the meal while Americans after the meal.4. A. Leaving a spoon in a soup bowl or a coffee cup.B. Leaving a spoon in any dish.C. Putting a coffee spoon on the saucer or a soup spoon on the service table.D. Putting all the spoons on the tablecloth.5. A. As long as you like. B. Two or three hours.C. As long as the host and hostess ask.D. Less than one hour.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.6. A. Indifferent. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Neutral.7. A. Discipline, discovery, mutuality, locality, potentiality, enhancement.B. Discipline, discovery, mutuality, locality, historicity, enhancement.C. Discovery, mutuality, locality, historicity, potentiality, enhancement.D. Sustainability, discovery, mutuality, locality, potentiality, enhancement.8. A. It believes that the community is only a socially constructed experience.B. It believes that the community is only an ecologically grounded place.C. It denies conflicts among stakeholder groups.D. It is a community tourism planning approach uniting the themes of social development andecological sustainability.9. A. Because it not only generates hospitality that helps make a community a desirabledestination, but also helps share scarce resources.B. Because it helps mitigate conflicts arising over resource distribution and use.C. Because it respects individual perspectives.D. Because it provides capital to tourism community.10.A. Sustainable Tourism. B. Travel Ecology.C. Sustainable Tourism Models.D. Community Tourism Models.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.11.A. Because they don’t know the relationship between tobacco and disease.B. Because they have a strong inclination to smoke.C. Because they have been forbidden to smoke by the governments.D. Because there were no institutions which persuade them not to smoke.12.A. Because they are unusually subject to cigarette advertising.B. Because tobacco taxes take up a large part of their revenue.C. Because they don’t think tobacco can do harm to people’s mind.D. Because they are innocent of the link between tobacco and disease.13.A. Cigarette advertising only appeals to the young men.B. Cigarette advertising appeals to adults.C. Cigarette advertising is attractive to people who already smoke.D. Cigarette advertising also appeals to kids.14.A. Because they regard smoking as a symbol of sexual ability and even success.B. Because they are addicted to nicotine.C. Because they want to get more tobacco taxes.D. Because they regard smoking as a kind of sports.15.A. Smoking and tobacco taxes. B. Smoking in developing countries.C. Smoking and cigarette advertising.D. Tobacco industry.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.16.A. Putting a roof on a barn. B. Harvesting water reedsC. Using stone as a building materialD. Daily farm operations17.A. Clay tiles. B. Slate or stone.C. Wooden shingles.D. Reeds or straw.18.A. Later colonists did not know how to thatch.B. Thatching was considered dangerous.C. Other roofing materials were available.D. Thatching was unsuitable for the climate.19.A. It’s manufactured to be strong. B. It bends without breaking.C. Thatchers nail it down securely.D. The winds can pass through it easily.20.A. If people had more time to learn how to do it.B. If its cost went down.C. If it could make buildings more attractive.D. If people realized its many advantages.II. Vocabulary (25%)Directions: There are 25 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.21. We have a certain stereotypical ______ of a person from a culture and we interpret his/herbehaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it.A. connotationB. preconceptionC. recuperationD. ambiguity22. Gap in educational investment across regions will ______ the national economic developmentas a whole.A. warrantB. rationC. thwartD. retard23. Opening the labor market might risk some increase in inequality in wages at least in the shortrun, as the wages of skilled workers are ________.A. bid forB. bid onC. bid upD. bid to24. The market will goods that yield social benefits in excess of private benefits and willconsequently produce too few of these goods.A. undervalueB. devalueC. underweightD. value25. You have taken a ______ hatred to Peter; and you are unreasonably angry with me because Iwon’t hate him.A. perseveringB. perverseC. perfectD. previous26. One of the conditions of ______ is that you must keep the land under cultivation.A. tenantB. terminalC. temperamentD. tenure27. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dipinto funds for Social Security.A. markedB. commissionedC. earmarkedD. commanded28. Unfortunately, what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was ______by the heavylosses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.A. offsetB. optimizedC. subsidizedD. unleashed29. The Arabs, on the other hand, coming from a culture where much closer distance is the norm,may be feeling that the Americans are being _______.A. friendlyB. warmC. standoffishD. selfish30. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually ______ their mothers and fathersuntil they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time a nd money must be spent on “Tom” or “B ill”.A. peterB. pesterC. worryD. whine31. As television, and to an extent the internet have _____further through our society, the effectsare perhaps more significant than even we realize.A. perpetuatedB. persecutedC. persistedD. permeated32. “John has no______. So when his parents passed away, he inherited everything from thefamily---properties, bank savings, stocks and a big ho use. He’s really living on easy street.”A. siblingsB. soberingsC. sibilantsD. stillbirths33. Great efforts have been made to coordinate unemployment ______ and economic developmentthroughout the country.A. aggravationB. exaggerationC. eliminationD. alleviation34. Upon this, Jones began to beg earnestly to be let into this secret, and faithfully promised not to ______ it.A. divulgeB. dispenseC. dissolveD. disperse35. In Sudan, deforestation in the last decade led to a quadrupling of the time women spentgathering fuel wood. This stimulated efforts to promote _______ .A. deforestationB. afforestationC. forestsD. forestry36. In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a (an)_______ smile.An amazing journey!A. incuriousB. sweetC. incredulousD. inscrutable37. There was so much pain there, _______ caused by both sides over the years. I didn’t want tohurt them, nor they me, but the harm had done and it was irreversible.A. invisiblyB. inappreciablyC. inadvertentlyD. inadequately38. Nobody will support such a government that ______ on the rights of individuals.A. encroachesB. invadesC. involvesD. interrupts39. The development of national ______ will be sped up if its officials at all levels become moreconscious of its significance in economic growth.A. substructureB. portfolioC. infrastructureD. asset40. With the rapid development of modern society, the ______ of the ancient civilization in thetown is being erased step by step.A. prestigeB. vestigeC. fameD. symptom41. The ______ of “white” in Chinese includes something unhappy. At funerals, Chinese payrespect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white. In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.A. configurationB. conjunctionC. connotationD. connection42. When people can’t explain a new phenomenon using their knowl edge, they will firstly try tounderstand the new phenomenon using the logic reference of______.A. comparisonB. analysisC. counterpartD. analogy43. He has more endurance; he can swim longer and ______ a canoe better than any of his people.A. conquerB. dominateC. steerD. lead44.There’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot. I want to _____ our friendshipbefore I start a serious relationship.A. cementB. limeC. clayD. concrete45._______implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively being carried along outof inability to imagine anything else.A. TenancyB. TenacityC. TendencyD. TensionIII. Reading Comprehension (20%)Directions: Read the following passages and choose the best answer to each question.Passage 1Science fiction (SF) can provide students interested in the future with a basic introduction tothe concept of thinking about the possible futures in a serious way, a sense of emotional forces intheir own culture that are affecting the shape the future may take, and a multitude of extrapolations (prediction) regarding the results of present trends . There is one particular type of story that can be especially valuable as a stimulus to discussion of these issues both in courses on the future and in social science courses in general----the story which presents well-worked-out, detailed societies that differ significantly from the society of the reader. In fact, whatever the reliability of its predictions, SF is actually a more important vehicle for speculative visions about macroscopic social change. At this level, it is hard to deal with any precision as to when general value changes or evolving social institutions might appear, but it is most important to think about the kinds of societies that could result from the rise of new forms of interaction, even if one cannot predict exactly when they might occur.In performing this “what if …”function, SF can act as a social laboratory as authors ruminate upon (think about) the forms social relationships could take if key variables in their own societies were different, and upon what new belief systems or mythologies could arise in the future to provide the basic rationalizations for human activities. If it is true that more people find it difficult to conceive of the ways in which their society, or human nature itself, could undergo fundamental changes, then SF of this type may provoke one’s imagination to consider the diversity of paths potentially open to society.Moreover, if SF is the laboratory of the imagination, its experiments are often of the kind that may significantly alter the subject matter even as they are being carried out. That is, SF has always had a certain cybernetic effect on society, as its visions emotionally engage the future-consciousness of the mass public regarding especially desirable and undesirable possibilities. The shape a society takes in the present is in part influenced by its image of the future; in this way particularly powerful SF images may become self-fulfilling or self-avoiding prophecies for society. For that matter, some individuals in recent years have even shaped their own life-styles after appealing models provided by SF stories. The reincarnation (reappearance) and diffusion of SF futuristic images of alternative societies through the media of movies and television may have speeded up an augmented SF’s social feedback effects. Thus SF is not only change speculator but change agent, sending an echo form the future that is becoming into the present that is sculpting it. This fact alone makes imperative in any education system the study of the kinds of works discussed in this section.It must be noted that this perspective of SF has been questioned by some critics. It is often pointed out that, however ingenious they may be about future technologies, many SF writers exhibit an impact conservative bias in their stories, insofar as social projections (new ideas ) are either ignored or based on variations of the present status quo or of historical social systems reshuffled whole-cloth into the future. Robert Bloch has conveniently summarized the kind of future society presented by the average SF writer as consisting of a totalitarian state in which psychochemical techniques (the use of mind- altering drugs) keep the populace quiet; an underground which the larger-than-life hero can join; and scientists who gladly turn over their discoveries to those in power. Such tales covertly assume that human nature as we know it will remain stable and that twentieth-century Anglo-American culture and moral values, especially traditional economic incentives, will continue to dominate the world. Most SF authors have found it as hard as most other mortals to extrapolate (guess)social mores different from those operating within their own milieu (environment), so that, it has been charged, far from preparing the reader for future shock, SF is a literature that comfortably and smugly reassures him that the future willnot be radically different from the present.There is much truth to this analysis of SF. It is not easy to explain why so many stories seem to take as their future social settings nothing more ambiguous than the current status quo or its totally evil variant. Part of the answer may be that many authors of commercial SF writing received their professional training in science and engineering prior to World War II and were therefore not equipped or inclined to devise sophisticated social backgrounds in their plots. Be that as it may, the situation has changed dramatically in recent decades. There are an increasing number of stories which explicitly assume that future social patterns of family, government, religion, and the like need not be exactly the same as those of the present and that the forces which motivate men may also be subject to change. It is from such stories, and their predecessors in classical SF, that one may study examples of the impact of SF on the individual and collective imagination.46. Science fiction shows us happen in the future.A. what mayB. what must c. when changes will D. what we wish to47. Science fiction plays an important role in .A. forming social value and institutionsB. providing the basic rationalizations for human activitiesC. predicting the future societyD. providing the possible vision of social change in macro-scope48. A self-fulfilling prophecy is one that .A. predicts something unpleasantB. predicts something pleasantC. helps prediction to come trueD. does not come true49. Science fiction images will surely .A. influence the images of the present society partiallyB. influence the images of the present society negativelyC. influence the images of the present society positivelyD. influence the images of the present society imperatively50. The author’s opinion appears to be that SF .A. has little to offer societyB. can help to shape the way we behave in the present societyC. is always conservativeD. is unable to prepare the reader for future shock51. The inability of some SF writers to imagine alternative forms of society wasdue to their professional training.A. possiblyB. definitelyC. occasionallyD. known to be52. The author thinks the criticism that SF writers usually show a conservative biasis .A. justB. unjustC. becoming less true than it wasD. only true of classical SF53. In some critics’ eyes, classical science fiction is a literature .A. that displays the radically different social images in the futureB. that reveals what science fiction writers sincerely believedC. that does not show totally imaginary images of the future societyD. that informs readers of the future society54. The author’s main aim would seem to be to show how useful SF can be to .A. politiciansB. scientistsC. cyberneticistsD. students55. The overall tone of the piece is best described as .A. ironicB. humorousC. indignantD. informativePassage 21 Many years ago trying to help people with every kind of trouble left me with one sure conviction: In case after case the difficulty could have been overcome --- or might never have arisen --- if the people involved had just treated one another with common courtesy.2 Courtesy, politeness, good manners --- call it what you will, the supply never seems to equal the demand. “It’s not so much what my husband says,” a tearful wife confides, “as the way he says it. Why does he have to yell at me?”“I hate my boss,” a grim-faced office worker mutters. “He never shows appreciation for anything.”“All we get from our teenagers,” a harassed parent says, “is a sullen surliness.”3 Such complaints are not limited to people who sit in my study. Human beings everywhere hunger for courtesy. “Good manners,” said Ralph Waldo Emerson, “are the happy way of doing things.” And the reverse is equally true. Bad manners can ruin a day --- or wreck a friendship.4 What are the basic ingredients of good manners? Certainly a strong sense of justice is one; courtesy is often nothing more than a highly developed sense of fair play. A friend once told me of driving along a one-lane, unpaved mountain road. Ahead was another car that produced clouds of choking dust, and it was a long way to the nearest paved highway. Suddenly, at a wider place, the car ahead pulled off the road. Thinking that its owner might have engine trouble, my friend stopped and asked if anything was wrong. “No,” said the other driver. “But you’ve endured my dust this far; I’ll put up with yours the rest of the way.” There was a man with manners, and an innate sense of fair play.5 Another ingredient of courtesy is empathy, a quality that enables a person to see into the mind or heart of someone else, to understand the pain or unhappiness there and to do something to minimize it. Recently in a book about a famous restaurant chain I came across such an episode.6 A man dining alone was trying to unscrew the cap of a bottle of catsup but his fingers were so badly crippled by arthritis that he couldn’t do it. He asked a young busboy to help him. The boy took the bottle, turned his back momentarily and loosened the cap without difficulty. Then he tightened it again. Turning back to the man, he feigned a great effort to open the bottle without success. Finally he took it into the kitchen and returned shortly, saying that he had managed to loosen it --- but only with a pair of pliers. What impelled the boy to take so much trouble to spare the feelings of a stranger? Courtesy, compassionate courtesy.7 Yet another component of politeness is the capacity to treat all people alike, regardless of all status or importance. Even when you have doubts about some people, act as if they are worthy of your best manners. You may also be astonished to find out that they really are.8 I truly believe that anyone can improve his or her manners by doing 3 things. First, by practicing courtesy. All skills require constant repetition to become second nature; good manners are no exception.9 One simple way is to concentrate on your performance in a specific area for about a week. Telephone manners, for example. How often do you talk too long, speak abruptly, and fail to identify yourself, keep people waiting, display impatience with the operator or fail to return a call?10 One difficult but essential thing to remember is to refuse to let other people’s bad manners goad you into retaliating in kind. I recall a story told by a young man who was in a car with hisfather one night when a driver in an oncoming vehicle failed to dim his lights. “Give him the brights, Dad!”the young man urged in exasperation. “Son,”replied the father, “that driver is certainly discourteous and probably stupid. But if I give him the brights he’ll be discourteous, stupid and blind --- and that’s a combination I don’t want to tangle with!”11 The second requirement for improving your manners is to think in a courteous way. In the long run, the kind of person you are is the result of what you’ve been thinking over the past 20 or 30 years. If your thoughts are predominantly self-directed, a discourteous person is what you will be. If on the other hand you train yourself to be considerate of others, if you can acquire the habit of identifying with their problems and hopes and fears, good manners will follow almost automatically.12 Nowhere is thinking courtesy more important than in marriage. In the intimacy of the home it is easy to displace disappointment or frustration or anger onto the nearest person, and that person is often a husband or wife.13 “When you feel your anger getting out of control,” I have often said to married couples, “force yourself for the next ten minutes to treat your married partner as if he or she were a guest in your home,” I knew that if they could impose just 10 minutes of good manners on themselves, the worst of the storm would blow over.14 Finally, to have good manners you must be able to accept courtesy, receive it gladly, rejoice when it comes your way. Strangely, some people are suspicious of gracious treatment. They suspect the other person of having some ulterior motive.15 But some of the most precious gifts in life come with no strings attached. You can’t achieve a beautiful day through any effort on your part. You can’t buy a sunset or even the scent of a rose. Those are the world’s courtesies to us, offered with love and no thought of reward or return. Good manners are, or should be, like that.16 In the end, it all comes down to how you regard people --- not just people in general, but individuals. Life is full of minor irritations and trials and injustices. The only constant, daily, effective solution is politeness --- which is the golden rule in action. I think that if I were allowed to add one small beatitude as a footnote to the other it might be: Blessed are the courteous.(1048 words)56.In Para.1, the underlined part “one sure conviction” is the closest in meaning to ______.A. a convinced beliefB. an assured thoughtC. a definite evidenceD. a deep idola57.Courtesy is important to human relationships for the reason that _________.A.it can help people avoid troublesB.it can eliminate complaintsC.people need to be treated politelyD.it is so scarce58.In the first sentence of Para.10, there is a word “retaliating”. Which of the following do youthink is similar to it?A.guidingB. imitatingC. stimulatingD. revenging59.In the author’s opinion, courtesy is a matter of __________.A.how you control yourselfB. how you look at other peopleC. how you compromiseD. how you communicate with others60.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage?A.Good manners are the golden rule in interpersonal relationships.B.People are often easy to get out of control in front of their intimate persons.C.People can be directed by their thoughts about what kind of persons they will be.D.Bad manners account for part of the difficulty of interpersonal relationships.61.Courtesy is especially important in marriage, because ___________.A.the intimacy of family life makes people forget mannersB.people tend to be rude to their husband or wifeC.husband and wife are disappointed with each otherD.at home people have more difficulties62.In paragraph 14, the underlined part “rejoice when it comes your way” means ________.A.take it for granted when you meet itB.behave happily when it happens to youC.enjoy it when it stands on your wayD.refuse it in your deep heart when you come across it63.Which of the following is not true of courtesy?A.Courtesy is offered without expecting return.B.Courtesy is the happy way of doing things.C.Courtesy is an innate quality rather than a learnt skill.D.Courtesy should be applied to every individual.64.In paragraph. 15, what does the author mean by saying “with no strings attached”?A.without extra costB.without concern or consciousnessC.without additional thoughts about return or rewardD.without motives and expectations.65.Which of the following is not mentioned as the basic ingredients of good manners?A.The capacity to treat all people alike.B.The quality to understand the pain or unhappiness of others.C. A strong sense of fair play.D. A feeling of compassion and self-control.IV. Translation (15%)Part A Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. (7%)1. 中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。

武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版武汉大学是一所享有盛誉的高等学府，其英语教育水平一直处于国内领先地位。

每学期，武汉大学都会对硕士生进行英语期末考试，以确保学生的英语能力达到学校的要求。

以下是武汉大学硕士生英语期末考试试卷真题扫描版，供读者参考。

一、选择题1、The train _____ in an hour. A. leaves B. left C. is leavingD. will leave 答案：A 解析：根据时间状语“in an hour”可知，本题应使用一般将来时。

2、--- Shall we go for a walk? --- _____. A. It's a good ideaB. That's all rightC. You're welcomeD. Not at all 答案：A 解析：根据问句“shall we...”可知，本题应回答肯定回答，即“It'sa good idea”是正确答案。

3、--- How was your trip to Beijing? --- _____. A. It was greatB. It was terribleC. Yes, it was greatD. No, it was terrible 答案：A 解析：根据问句“How was your trip to Beijing?”可知，本题应回答“It was great”。

二、阅读理解4、The passage mainly discusses the relationship between language and culture. 答案：TRUE 解析：本文主要讨论语言和文化之间的关系，说明语言反映文化，文化影响语言。

41、The word "etiquette" in the passage refers to good manners. 答案：TRUE 解析：根据文章第二段中的句子“etiquette is a code of behavior that is based on rules of good manners”可知，“etiquette”指的是良好的礼仪。

武汉大学研究生英语期末考试选择题(附参考答案)2022年挑选题21. We have a certain stereotypical ______ of a person from a culture and weinterpret his/her behaviour according to this preconception, whether or not the reason for the behaviour is what we think it.A. connotationB. preconceptionC. recuperationD. ambiguity22. Gap in educational investment across regions will ______ the nationaleconomic development as a whole.A. warrantB. rationC. thwartD. retard23. Opening the labor market might risk some increase in inequality in wages atleast in the short run, as the wages of skilled workers are ________.A. bid forB. bid onC. bid upD. bid to24. The market will goods that yield social benefits in excess of privatebenefits and will consequently produce too few of these goods.A. undervalueB. devalueC. underweightD. value25. You have taken a ______ hatred to Peter; and you are unreasonably angry withme because I won’t hate him.A. perseveringB. perverseC. perfectD. previous26. One of the conditions of ______ is that you must keep the land under cultivation.A. tenantB. terminalC. temperamentD. tenure27. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down otherspending or dip into funds for Social Security.A. markedB. commissionedC. earmarkedD. commanded28. Unfortunately, what the farmers had gained in the autumn harvest was______by the heavy losses caused by a snowstorm in the winter.A. offsetB. optimizedC. subsidizedD. unleashed29. The Arabs, on the other hand, coming from a culture where much closerdistance is the norm, may be feeling that the Americans are being_______.A. friendlyB. warmC. standoffishD. selfish30. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually______ theirmothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the sweet little thing has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on “Tom” or “B ill”.A. peterB. pesterC. worryD. whine31. As television, and to an extent the internet have _____further through oursociety, the effects are perhaps more significant than even we realize.A. perpetuatedB. persecutedC. persistedD. permeated32. “John has no______. So when his parents passed away, he inherited everythingfrom the family---properties, bank savings, stocks and a big house. He’s reallyliving on easy street.” A. siblings B. soberings C. sibilantsD. stillbirths33. Great efforts have been made to coordinate unemployment______ andeconomic development throughout the country.A. aggravationB. exaggerationC. eliminationD. alleviation34. Upon this, Jones began to beg earnestly to be let into this secret, and faithfully promised not to ______ it.A. divulgeB. dispenseC. dissolveD. disperse35. In Sudan, deforestation in the last decade led to a quadrupling of the timewomen spent gathering fuel wood. This stimulated efforts to promote _______ .A. deforestationB. afforestationC. forestsD. forestry36. In Egypt, I saw the pyramids and the damaged face of the Sphinx, smiling a(an)_______ smile. An amazing journey!A. incuriousB. sweetC. incredulousD. inscrutable37. There was so much pain there, _______ caused by both sides over the years. Ididn’t want to hurt them, nor they me, but the harm had done and it wasirreversible.A. invisiblyB. inappreciablyC. inadvertentlyD.inadequately38. Nobody will support such a government that ______ on the rights of individuals.A. encroachesB. invadesC. involvesD. interrupts39. The development of national ______ will be sped up if its officials at all levelsbecome more conscious of its significance in economic growth.A. substructureB. portfolioC. infrastructureD. asset40. With the rapid development of modern society, the ______ of the ancientcivilization in the town is being erased step by step.A. prestigeB. vestigeC. fameD. symptom41. The ______ of “white” in Ch inese includes something unhappy. At funerals,Chinese pay respect to the dead and express their sorrow by wearing white.In the West, however, white is the traditional color for the bride at weddings, and to wear white at funerals would be offensive.A. configurationB. conjunctionC. connotationD. connection42. When people can’t explain a new phenomenon using their knowledge, theywill firstly try to understand the new phenomenon using the logic reference of______.A. comparisonB. analysisC. counterpartD. analogy43. He has more endurance; he can swim longer and ______ a canoe better than any of his people.A. conquerB. dominateC. steerD. lead44.There’s this new girl coming to my school, and I like her a lot. I want to _____our friendship before I start a serious relationship.A. cementB. limeC. clayD. concrete45._______implies an active choice to cling to something, not passively beingcarried along out of inability to imagine anything else.A. TenancyB. TenacityC. TendencyD. TensionKey：21-30 B D C A B D C A C B31-45 D A D A B D C A C B C D C A B2022挑选题21. Cash flows should be managed to ________ the return from cash received and to minimize the cost of finance on conditions for its own uses.A. chooseB. spendC. expandD. optimize22. Teachers? unions attacked the plans as ________ the skills and work of early yea r teachers, and creating a two-tier profession.A. praisingB. promotingC. undervaluingD. developing23. The government could then instruct all banks not to push companies into default and not to dispose of any ________.A. collateralB. corporationC. debtD. exchange24. Fourthly, a successful terminal at Stratford would inevitably and inexorably __ ______ on the Lea Valley regional park and reduce leisure facilities.A. increaseB. encroachC. stepD. ride25. The evening air had its accustomed November nip, but the groups making the ir way from Celtic Crescent were ________ to it.A. ignorantB. imperviousC. resentedD. responsive26. As far as I am concerned, it is the only body that represents the prison officer s, who work under great ________.A. pressB. backfireC. duressD. screen21. Cash flows should be managed to ________ the return from cash received and to minimize the cost of finance on conditions for its own uses.A. chooseB. spendC. expandD. optimize22. Teachers? unions attacked the plans as ________ the skills and work of early yea r teachers, and creating a two-tier profession.A. praisingB. promotingC. undervaluingD. developing23. The government could then instruct all banks not to push companies into def ault and not to dispose of any ________.A. collateralB. corporationC. debtD. exchange24. Fourthly, a successful terminal at Stratford would inevitably and inexorably __ ______ on the Lea Valley regional park and reduce leisure facilities.A. increaseB. encroachC. stepD. ride25. The evening air had its accustomed November nip, but the groups making the ir way from Celtic Crescent were ________ to it.A. ignorantB. imperviousC. resentedD. responsive26. As far as I am concerned, it is the only body that represents the prison officer s, who work under great ________.A. pressB. backfireC. duressD. screen27. Margate is sure that the scientific and technological ________ that has been dev eloped is real and extremely valuable.A. synergyB. formationC. energyD. match28. They suggest therefore that greater emphasis be given to housing ________ in evaluating relative deprivation.A. terminationB. removalC. provisionD. tenure29. Are you sure that my staying here won?t be an/a ________ into your domestic af fairs?A. intentionB. troubleC. threatD. intrusion30. She remained there until last night when an ambulance took her to ________ wi th a family in nearby Newton.A. discoverB. revitalizeC. recuperateD. reformulate31. Sunlight streamed into the church and through the stained glass windows, and a smell of grass and flowers ________ the air.A. flowedB. permeatedC. penetratedD. indulged32. Loss of license contact is a real ________ to potential traders in smuggled cigare ttes.A. deterrentB. detailC. detainD. determine33. As these problems multiply and ________ resources, the range of options availa ble to the organization increasingly narrows.A. depleteB. decreaseC. lessenD. formulate34. For years, frequent flooding eventually ________ all traces of the community tha t used to live there.A. killedB. releasedC. obliteratedD. measured35. Even the increase proposed will put pressure on Congress to hold down other spending or dip into funds ________ for Social Security.A. remarkedB. earmarkedC. reboundD. reduced36. Members of extreme right wing parties are completely opposed to the ________ of blacks into white South African society.A. combinationB. formulationC. integrationD. segregation37. Nevertheless, to conceive of parents as utterly static in the child?s psychologic al life is likely to become the ________ of the picture grossly.A. distortionB. reflectionC. representationD. confusion38. Clinton also asked Glickman to report back within 30 days with recommendat ions to help the ________ of debt problems afflicting cattle producers.A. involvementB. releaseC. alleviationD. reflection39. The Piscataway school district in New Jersey had to dismiss one high school business teacher because of budgetary _______ both by the government and local a uthorities.A. inflationB. provisionC. concentrationD. constraints40. By setting up such a system yourself, you are potentially________ any security s ystems your company has in place.A. providingB. alleviatingC. promotingD. circumventing41. The policy by EU that imposes serious constraints on textileimports from Chi na will definitely the bilateral trade in other areas.A. widenB. thwartC. recoverD. complete42. Friction between the generations is ________ when younger staff grasp the new idea and their creativity is suddenly released.A. widenedB. exacerbatedC. recoveredD. competitive43. Many Americans who are learning Chinese think that the term “Lao Wai” is so mehow an insult, and in fact the term “Lao Wai”doesn?t have a negative _______ in Chinese.A. positionB. intentionC. extensionD. connotation44. Henry Kissinger was also ________ and frustrated by the让知识带有温度。

2012－2013学年度第一学期期末考试说明一、试题构成1. 听力理解25％1）出题形式：单选题、听写题2）考点：考查学生综合听力理解能力，检查推荐的听力内容。

3）出题范围：*8个短对话，2篇短文或长对话，占15％。

单选题，8个短对话每题一分，2篇短文或长对话7个问题，每题一分，共15分。

*1－2篇听写填空题，出自《大学英语听说》（外教社版）第二册，占10％。

填空题总共留出10个空格由学生填词，每题一分，共10分。

4）分数比例：占整个考试25％，每题1分，共25分。

出题内容教材内占15分，其中听写占10分；教材外占10分。

5）答题要求：Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear eight short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, youmust read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decidewhich is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two short passages/two long conversations.At the end of each passage/conversation, you willhear some questions. Both the passage/conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the centre.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear 2 conversations/passages. Each conversation will be read TWICE. Listen carefully and fill in theblanks with the information you get from the recording.(注意：本部分请直接把答案写在主观答题纸上。

华中师范大学研究生英语期末考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1华中师范大学研究生英语期末考试真题Instructions:1. This test is divided into three sections: reading comprehension, listening comprehension, and writing.2. Total test time: 3 hours.3. All answers must be written in English.Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:Technology continues to advance at a rapid pace, altering the way we live, work, and communicate. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has gained significant attention and is being integrated into various aspects of our daily lives. Some view AI as a breakthrough technology that has the potential to enhanceefficiency and productivity, while others express concerns about its impact on jobs and personal privacy.Questions:1. What is the main focus of the passage?2. What are the two contrasting views on AI mentioned in the passage?3. How is AI described in terms of its potential impact on society?Listening ComprehensionListen to the audio clips and answer the questions that follow.Clip 1: A news report on the latest technological innovations.Questions:1. What new technology is mentioned in the report?2. How is this technology expected to benefit society?Clip 2: An interview with a renowned AI researcher.Questions:1. What are the key challenges faced by researchers in the field of AI?2. How do you see AI evolving in the future?WritingIn 300-500 words, discuss your perspective on the role of artificial intelligence in today's society. Consider both the benefits and challenges associated with the widespread adoption of AI technologies. Provide examples to support your argument.Good luck!篇2华中师范大学研究生英语期末考试真题Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Read the passages and answer the questions that follow. For each question, choose the best answer from the four choices.Passage 1The Rise of the Gig EconomyIn recent years, the gig economy has been on the rise, transforming the way people work. With the rise of digital platforms like Uber, Airbnb, and TaskRabbit, more and more people are choosing to work as freelancers and independent contractors instead of traditional full-time employment.This shift in the labor market has both positive and negative effects. On one hand, it provides flexibility and autonomy for workers to choose when and where they work. It also creates opportunities for people to earn extra income outside of their regular jobs. On the other hand, it can lead to job insecurity, lack of benefits, and uncertainty about future income.Despite the challenges, the gig economy is here to stay. As technology continues to advance and more people seek flexible work arrangements, the gig economy will only continue to grow in the coming years.1. What is the gig economy?A. Traditional full-time employmentB. Freelance and independent workC. Digital platforms like Uber and AirbnbD. Job insecurity and lack of benefits2. What are some of the positive effects of the gig economy?A. Job insecurity and lack of benefitsB. Flexibility and autonomy for workersC. Uncertainty about future incomeD. Traditional full-time employment3. Why will the gig economy continue to grow in the coming years?A. Technology advancementB. Lack of benefitsC. Job insecurityD. Traditional full-time employmentPassage 2The Benefits of ExerciseRegular exercise has numerous benefits for both the body and mind. Not only does it help you stay physically fit and healthy, but it also has positive effects on your mentalwell-being.On a physical level, exercise can help reduce the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. It can also improve your cardiovascular health, strengthen your muscles and bones, and increase your overall energy levels.But the benefits of exercise go beyond just physical health. Research has shown that regular exercise can also have a positive impact on mental health. It can help reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, improve cognitive function, and boost your mood.In conclusion, making exercise a regular part of your routine can have a lasting impact on your overall health and well-being.4. What are some of the benefits of exercise on a physical level?A. Increase symptoms of depression and anxietyB. Reduce the risk of chronic diseasesC. Improve cognitive functionD. Decrease overall energy levels5. How can exercise benefit mental health?A. Increase symptoms of depression and anxietyB. Boost your moodC. Strengthen your muscles and bonesD. Reduce the risk of chronic diseases6. What is the conclusion regarding the benefits of exercise?A. Exercise has no impact on overall health and well-beingB. Exercise can have positive effects on both physical and mental healthC. Exercise can only improve cognitive functionD. Regular exercise is not important for maintaining good healthPart II Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are twenty incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.7. I have never seen such a beautiful sunset before, ______ this one over the ocean.A. asB. likeD. except8. ______ the rain, the game will still go on as planned.A. WhetherB. AlthoughC. UnlessD. Since9. The new manager has made some significant changes in the company, ______ morale has improved.A. whateverB. whichC. thatD. whose10. ______ I have known her for years, I still don't know her very well.A. BecauseB. AlthoughC. SincePart III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question.Passage 1The Rise of Remote WorkRemote work has become increasingly popular in recent years, with more and more companies allowing employees to work from home or other locations outside of the office. This shift has been driven by advances in technology, as well as the desire for more flexible work arrangements.11. What has driven the rise of remote work?A. Advances in technologyB. Lack of desire for flexible work arrangementsC. More companies requiring employees to work from homeD. None of the above12. Why have more companies allowed employees to work remotely?A. To increase employee productivityB. To save on office space and overhead costsC. To give employees more flexibility in their work arrangementsD. To force employees to work longer hours13. What are some of the benefits of remote work?A. More employee surveillanceB. Increased face-to-face interactionsC. Greater flexibility for employeesD. More rigid work schedulesPassage 4The Importance of Work-Life BalanceMaintaining a healthy work-life balance is essential for overall well-being. It is important to take breaks and disconnect from work in order to recharge and prevent burnout. Finding time for leisure activities, hobbies, and spending time with loved ones is equally important.16. Why is maintaining a healthy work-life balance important?A. To prevent burnoutB. To work longer hoursC. To increase stress levelsD. To avoid leisure activities17. How can taking breaks and disconnecting from work benefit you?A. Decrease energy levelsB. Increase stress levelsC. Recharge and prevent burnoutD. None of the above18. What should be included in a healthy work-life balance?A. Working longer hoursB. Neglecting leisure activities and hobbiesC. Spending time with loved onesD. None of the aboveConclusion:The gig economy, the benefits of exercise, remote work, and work-life balance are all important topics in today's society. It's crucial for individuals to understand these concepts and howthey can impact their lives both professionally and personally. By staying informed and making conscious choices about how we work and live, we can create a more fulfilling and balanced life for ourselves. Good luck on your exam!篇3华中师范大学研究生英语期末考试真题Part A: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the statement or answers the question. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Computers are an indispensable part of our contemporary world. Their generality, versatility and performance have made them an important tool in everyday life. While computers offer many benefits, their rapid development has also brought about new challenges to society.1. According to the passage, computers have become an important tool for what reason?A. Their generality and versatility.B. Their rapid development.C. Their performance.D. None of the above.2. What has computers' rapid development brought about, according to the passage?A. Challenges to society.B. Benefits to society.C. More jobs for people.D. Better communication among people.3. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of computers in our contemporary world.B. The challenges brought about by the rapid development of computers.C. The benefits of computers in everyday life.D. The generality and versatility of computers.4. What word can best describe computers, according to the passage?A. Indispensable.B. Limiting.C. Optional.D. Outdated.5. What is the author's tone in the passage?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Neutral.D. Indifferent....Part B: Writing (60 points)Directions: In this part, you are required to write an essay of about 500 words on the following topic. You should first draft your essay, and then proofread it. Your essay should bewell-organized, and your ideas should be clearly stated. Youshould avoid repetition, and use proper grammar, punctuation, and vocabulary.Topic: Discuss the impact of artificial intelligence on society.In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant advancements and has started to permeate various aspects of our lives. Some argue that AI has the potential to revolutionize society, while others fear the consequences of its rapid development. In your essay, discuss the impact of artificial intelligence on society. Consider both the positive and negative aspects of this technology and provide examples to support your arguments.Overall, the final exam for the graduate students at Huazhong Normal University covers a range of topics related to English language proficiency and critical thinking skills. Students are expected to demonstrate their understanding of the material and their ability to analyze and synthesize information effectively. This exam serves as a comprehensive assessment of their academic progress and readiness for future challenges in their academic and professional careers.。

武汉大学博士英语期末考试资料整理(2018.6.5 更新 )1．段落分析Developing Paragraph/Body（正文 /主体）1.Unity (一致性 )—topic sentence切题，与开篇提出的论点相关2.Development 发(展性 )—supporting sentences no more than 5 aspects论据是否充分Common Methods of Developmentexemplification 例证1)facts 事实2)citation 引证3)comparison and contrast比较与对比4)analysis分析5)classification 分类3.Coherence (连贯性 ):主要指段落中的句子与句子之间在逻辑上和结构上的相互连贯—条理清楚、层次分明、衔接自然。

General rule by classification 总原则： from the most important to the least important or versa vice 由重到轻，反之亦然（由轻到重：hierarchical structure/build-up expansion）1)by transitions/signposts过渡词 /路标词2)by repetition of key words3)by synonyms or variations of key words4)by reference words (e.g.: this, these, that, those, one, ones)5)from material to spiritual aspects从物质到精神6)from physical to psychological aspects从身体到心理7)from individual to social aspects从个体到社会8)from oneself to others从自身到他人9)from direct to indirect aspects从直接到间接10)from physical environment to economic, social and cultural structure从地理环境到社会、经济和文化结构Concept-defining1. Content 内容（ from paragraph level 段落）Topic 话题—笼统→ Perspective 角度—抽象→ Aspect方面—具体1） Topic 话题： what to write –general 笼统（ topic sentence）2） Perspective (point of view/viewpoint) 角度 /视点→展开素材3） Aspect (part/side) 方面 /层面→体现素材 (supporting sentences)from material to spiritual aspects从物质到精神from physical to psychological aspects从身体到心理 from general to specific 从笼统到具体from idea/mentality to behavior 从思想到行为from people to organization/governmentfrom technological to social aspects = from technology to society/from science to society from individual to social aspects从个体到社会 from oneself to others从自身到他人from direct to indirect aspects从直接到间接from physical environment to economic, social and cultural structure从地理环境到社会、经济和文化结构2.Form/Function 形式（ from passage level篇章）Structure: the organization of the wholearticle Introduction (what)Body (why)Conclusion (how)3.Paragraph development 段落的展开How to arrange the material to develop/illustrate/elaborate/support the topic sentence1)Skill: knowledge & ability that enables you to so sth wellSkill form:技巧/形式→展开素材：支持句的表现形式，外在的（supporting sentence）Skill > method1)(by) Statistics 统计2)(by) Examples 例证3)(by) Statements阐述4)(by) Quotation 引言2)Method/order: way of arrangementMethod/order/pattern: content方法 /布局→排列组合素材；支持句排列组合方式，内在的1)topic order（subtitle）2)causal order = cause and effect3)spatial order = space order4)chronological order = time order5)problem and solution6)means and ends7)process and result8)classification9)hierarchical structure 分层次、等级的 (from least to most)10)antithesis对照（ from positive to negative）11)progression递进：a gradual process of change or developing over period of time一段时间内的变化发展过程12)comparison and contrast比较与对比13)by definition 下定义Note：平行结构是指在论证某个观点或论题时，将其分解成具有一定联系的几个方面加以论述，而这几个方面都是从属于中心论题或观点的，他们之间地位平等，呈平行关系。

English for Graduates (Paper A No. 20180110)I.Listening Comprehension (20%)Part One Directions:In this part you will hear 3 short talks. Each talk is followed by some questions. You will hear the talk and questions only once. Listen carefully and answer each question by choosing one from the four choices marked A, B, C or D. Then mark your answers on the Answer Sheet. (15%)Talk 1Questions 1-5 are based on the talk you have just heard.I. A. It will be the same size as the US economy.B.It will be almost the same size as the US economy.C.It will be twice the size of the US economy.D.It will be larger in size than the US economy。

2. A. In 2020 B. In 2025 C. In 2027 D. In 20503. A. China will be the first developing country with the world's largest economy.B.China will reverse the trend of westernization as a result of economic development and globalization.C.China will become the world's dominant country with very different civilizational rootsfrom the West.1D.Both A and C.4. A. He believes that it is general truth.B.He warns that it is a sign of hostility.C.He criticizes it as wishful thinking.D.He thinks that it is an illusion.5. A. They use western ideas and terms.B.They overestimate their cultural influence.C.They don't speak the Chinese language.D.They ignore the power of civilization.Talk 2Questions 6-10 are based on the talk you have just heard.6. A. A change of government.B.The map of deaths.C.Snow and Whitehead's continued efforts.D.Both B and C.7. A, Building the sewers in London.B.Responding immediately to the cholera outbreak in 1866.C.Providing better medical care to city dwellers.居民D.Telling everybody to start boiling their water in 1866.18. A. critical 批评的B. pessimistic 悲观的C. optimistic 乐观的 D. appreciative 赏识的9. A.People slowly realized that living in big metropolitan（大都会）cities is unsustainable as the crowdedness made outbreaks of diseases like cholera unavoidable.B.People began to realize that keeping domesticated animals and bad living habits increase the change of cholera outbreaks.C.People no longer think that it is a healthy thing to take drinking water from wells andpumps in crowded neighborhoods.D.People finally realized that sustainable living is possible in large metropolitan cities with the help of science and improved city management.10. A. New York City will be only 10% of its size.B.It has created a whole new way of life.C.New York City will collapse in on itself like Rome.D. H has spread the influence of Christianity.Talk 3Questions 11-15 are based on the talk you have just heard.11. A. My drawing will show them what God looks like.B.They will draw a picture of God.1。

武汉大学研究生英语期末考试解析
一、听力
三篇来源于听说教程Part Ⅱ，一篇源于课外。

听说教程可以在学校的复印店里复印。

2013年1月8日听力为uint 10的ExcersizeⅠ，uint 8的ExcersizeⅡ，uint 11的Excersize Ⅰ
二、词汇
课本1，3，4，5，7单元的黑体单词（没有书的同学只需复印1，3，4，5，7单元的课文，2，6，8单元不讲）可参考往年试卷，有部分相同的试题。

三、阅读
两篇课外较长文章，每篇10题
四、翻译
汉译英部分占七分，来源于翻译教程第三单元（不要买课本了，只复印第三单元）13年1月8日的翻译为
1．环境学家指出……
2．与中国高速发展的经济相比……
英译汉部分占八分，来源于阅读教程中的1，3，4，5，7单元
五、写作180字的summary
总共两个半小时，时间很紧张
考试题型及出题范围(期末卷面成绩占80%, 平时上课及作业10%, 口语考试10%)
(1) 听力理解20题(20%) : 课内(听说课本的part 1 and 2) 占15%, 课外5%.
均为选择题(四选一)
(2) 词汇25题(25%): 阅读课本五个单元TextＡ中的黑体字是重点，均为选
择题(四选一)．
(3)阅读理解２０题（２０％），课外两篇长度大约１０００字的阅读
文章，均为选择题(四选一)．
.(4)翻译（１５％）：英译汉４句，选自五篇课内阅读文章；汉译英３句（或一小段），选自翻译课本（汉译英那一章）
（５）写作（２０％）：给两篇文章，长度１０００字左右，选读一篇并写出约１５０字的summary．。

目　录2015年武汉大学242二外英语考研真题及详解2014年武汉大学242二外英语考研真题及详解2011年武汉大学242二外英语考研真题及详解2010年武汉大学242二外英语考研真题及详解2009年武汉大学213二外英语考研真题及详解2008年武汉大学213二外英语考研真题及详解2007年武汉大学213二外英语考研真题及详解2006年武汉大学213二外英语考研真题及详解2005年武汉大学213二外英语考研真题2004年武汉大学213二外英语考研真题2003年武汉大学206二外英语考研真题2002年武汉大学206二外英语考研真题2001年武汉大学106二外英语考研真题2000年武汉大学106二外英语考研真题1999年武汉大学903二外英语考研真题2015年武汉大学242二外英语考研真题及详解Part I Reading Comprehension (2×20=40%)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneThe past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like “Palaeolithic Man”, “Neolithic Man”, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label “Legless Man”. Histories of the time will go something like this: “In the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of their extraordinary way of life. In those days, people thought nothing of travelling hundreds of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks.”“The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird’s-eye view of the world—or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what? And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: “I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? I saw the sea.” The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says “I’ve been there.” You mention the remotest, most evocative place—names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say “I’ve been there”—meaning, “I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else.”When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travelers.1.What’s the best title of the passage?A. How to use your legs in travel.B. The best way to travel.C. The reward of true travel.D. Possible ways to travel.2. Anthropologists label man nowadays “Legless” (line 3-4, para 1. because _____.A. lifts prevent people from walkingB. people forget how to use their legsC. people prefer cars, buses and trainsD. modern vehicles have replaced walking3.While traveling at high speeds, _____.A. people can get more pleasure from itB. people always focus on next destinationC. people can enjoy the view of the destinationD. people care much about the arrangement of the journey4. The author says “we are deprived of the use of our eyes” because _____.A. people can’t get a clear picture of the view alongB. eyes become useless in traveling at high speedsC. people want to sleep during travelingD. people won’t use their eyes5.What does the author want to tell us?A. Legs become weaker.B. There is no need to use legs or eyes.C. Modern means of transportation make the world a small place.D. We should experience the present heart and soul while traveling.【答案与解析】1.B 归纳题。

Intercultural CommunicationIn recent years，it is widely acknowledged that intercultural communication has been becoming an increasingly common phenomenon. From my point of view, a number of factors could account for this trend.First and foremost， the development of transportation. Now jet planes fly everywhere. It used to take months to travel from Shanghai to Los Angeles, but now it takes only 12 hours。

It is now much easier for people to move from one country to another。

People of different countries and races get together much oftener than before.What’s more, the advancement of communication means。

Nowadays people get in touch with each other in various ways, through internet， telephone，mobile phone and so on。

These efficient means sharply promote intercultural communication to a large extent。

Besides, the ongoing of economic globalization. Since economic globalization lead to the production and market globalization, more and more multinational corporations now operate in quite a few countries。

IntroductionThe Wuhan University Graduate English Exam is an important part of the graduate school application process for students at Wuhan University. The exam is designed to evaluate the English language proficiency of students who wish to pursue graduate studies at the university. The exam consists of four parts: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, writing, and oral interview.Part I: Listening ComprehensionThe listening comprehension section of the exam consists of multiple choice questions. Students are required to listen to a passage and then answer questions based on the information they have heard. The passages are typically about academic topics, and students are expected to have a good understanding of academic vocabulary and sentence structures.Part II: Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section ofthe exam consists of multiple choice questions and short-answer questions. Students are required to read passages and then answer questions based on the information they have read. The passages are typically about academic topics, and students are expected to have a good understanding of academic vocabulary and sentence structures.Part III: WritingThe writing section of the exam is designed to evaluate students' ability to express their ideas clearly and effectivelyin English. Students are required to write on a given topic within a specific time limit. They are expected to structure their writing effectively, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and support their ideas with evidence and examples.Part IV: Oral InterviewThe oral interview section of the exam is designed to evaluate students' ability to communicate effectively in English. Students are required to answer questions posed by the interviewer within a specific time limit. They areexpected to speak clearly and coherently, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and demonstrate a good understanding of the topic under discussion.ConclusionThe Wuhan University Graduate English Exam is an important part of the graduate school application process for students at Wuhan University. Students who wish to pursue graduate studies at the university are expected to have a good command of English. The exam isdesigned to evaluate their English language proficiency in listening, reading, writing, and speaking. By preparing well for the exam, students can demonstrate their ability to succeed in a rigorous academic environment.。

Passage 1 Kyoto Protocol: The Unfinished Agenda1.Most mainstream scientists agree that the burning of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and petroleum that is known as oil or crude oil) and other industrial activities have led to a buildup of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. They also agr ee that the earth’s surface has warmed during the last century and that further warming of several degrees Celsius is likely in the next century.This broad scientific consensus has played an important role in convincing many national governments that immediate action is necessary to limit global greenhouse gas emissions.2.Developing countries, however, have portrayed themselves as victimized by the wealthier industrialized nations.On one hand, these countries believe they have the most to lose from continued global warming. Because much of the developing world occupies warmer regions, where many species of crops and domesticated animals live at the upper limit of their natural temperature tolerance, higher temperatures could lead to widespread livestock declines and crop failures.Moreover, unlike the industrialized world, most developing nations lack the capital and infrastructure to develop new varieties of heat-tolerant crops and animals, build flood control systems, and deploy disaster relief when needed.3.On the other hand, global emission reduction targets also hurt developing countries because such reduction interferes with their plans for economic development through inexpensive, carbon-based energy sources. Indeed, many representatives of developing countries see global warming advocates as part of a conspiracy to maintain the economic advantage of industrialized nations at the expense of poorer nations. Thus, developing countries have argued that they be exempt from emission reduction until their economies approached the strength of those in developed nation.4.Carbon-cycle calculations, however, suggest that allowing developing countries to delay by decades their participation in emission reduction agreements would commit the world to very large increases in levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.The carbon cycle refers to the natural process through which carbon dioxide injected into the atmosphere is slowly removed byphotosynthesis in plants and absorption in thecomplete. Various carbon-cycle models have shown that if fossil fuels are used to power industrialreductions must be achieved everywhere, presumably through a Kyoto or post-Kyoto negotiated protocol.5.Global environmental collapse is not inevitable.But the developed world must work with the developing world to ensure that new industrialized economies do not add to the world’s environmental problems.Politicians must think of sustainable development rather than economic expansion. Conservation strategies have to become more widely accepted, and people must learn that energy use can be dramatically diminished without sacrificing comfort.In short, with the technology that currently exists, the years of global environmental mistreatment can begin to be reversed. (476 words)ARTICLE ANALYSISPassage 21.Some people argue that diversity in the material environment is insignificant so long as we are racing toward cultural or spiritual homogeneity. This view gravely underestimates the importance of material goods as symbolic expressions of human personality differences, and it foolishly denies a connection between the inner and outer environment. Those who fear the standardization of human beings should warmly welcome the destandardization of goods. For by increasing the diversity of goods available to man, we increase the mathematical probability of differences in the way men actually live.2.More important, however, is the very premise that we are racing towards cultural homogeneity, since a close look at this also suggests that just the opposite is true. It is unpopular to say this, but we are moving swiftly towards fragmentation and diversity not only in material production, but in art and education as well.3.One highly revealing test of cultural diversity in any literate society has to do with the number of different books published per million of population. The more standardized the tastes of the public, the fewer titles will be published per million; the more diverse these tastes, the greater the number of titles. The increase or decrease of this figure over time is a significant clue to the direction of cultural change in the society. This was the reasoning behind a study of world book trends published by UNESCO. Conducted by Robert Escarpit, director of the Center for the Sociology of Literature at the University of Bordeaux, it provided dramatic evidence of a powerful international shift towards cultural destandardization.4.The same push towards pluralism is evident in painting, too, where we find an almost incredibly wide spectrum of production. Representationalism, expressionism, surrealism, abstract expressionism, hard-edge, pop, kinetic, and a hundred other styles are pumped into the society at the same time. One or another may dominate the galleries temporarily, but there are no universal standards or styles. It is a pluralistic market place.5.Similarly, a wave of revolt for diversity in education has begun to sweep the college campus. New technology makes destandardization possible. Computers, for example, make it easier for a large school to schedule more flexibly. They make it easier for the school cope with independent study, with a wide range of course offerings and more varied extra-curricular activities. More important, computer-assisted education and other such techniques, despite popular misconceptions, radically enhance the possibility of diversity in the classroom. They permit each student to advance at his own purely personal pace. They permit him to follow an individual-cut path towards knowledge, rather than a rigid syllabus as in the traditional industrial era classroom.6.In education, therefore, as in the production of material goods, the society is shifting irresistibly away from, rather than towards, standardization. It is not simply a matter of more varied automobiles, detergents and cigarettes. The thrust towards diversity and increased individual choice affects our mental, as well as our material surroundings. (488 words)ARTICLE ANALYSISPassage 3Leisure and Leadership(不在老师给出的题目里面)1.Observations and research findings indicate that people in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure and what they can do in their leisure time. The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern.2.As activity carried out as one thinks fit during one’s spare time, leisure has the following functions: relaxation, recreation and entertainment, and personal development. The importance of these varies according to the nature of one’s job and one’s life-style. Thus, people who need to exert much energy in their work will find relaxation most desirable in leisure. Those with a better education and in professional occupations may tend more to seek recreation and personal development (e.g., cultivation of skills and hobbies) in leisure.3.The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual. Even the same leisure activity may be used differently by different individuals. Thus, the following are possible uses of television watching, a popular leisure activity: a change of experience to provide “escape” from the stress and strain of work; to learn more about what is happening in one’s environment; to p rovide an opportunity for understanding oneself by comparing other people’s life experiences as portrayed in the programs. In an urban society in which highly structured, fast-paced and stressful work looms large in life, experiences of a different nature, be it television watching or bird-watching, can lead to a self-renewal and a more “balanced” way of life.4.Since leisure is basically self-determined, one is able to take to one’s interests and preferences and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction. Our likes and dislikes, tastes and preferences that underlie our choices of such activities as reading books, going to the cinema, camping, or certain cultural pursuits, are all related to social contexts and learning experiences. We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our families, schools, jobs, and the mass media. Basically, such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.5.Parents, teachers in schools, work associates and communicators in or using the mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests. For example, the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students. Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the person. The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.(462 words)ARTICLE ANALYSISPassage 41.Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.2.Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at the research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research, and that presents a problem.3.Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged, but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment on the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the basis of teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.4.As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professors: one is the time needed to keep up with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. Thesolution is not to separate teaching and research but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess, and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professors unwilling to teach can be called “distinguished research investigators, or something else”.5.The pace of modern science makes increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system, but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibiliti es.(394 words)ARTICLE ANALYSISPassage 5Post-car Society1.KimiyukiSuda should be a perfect customer for Japan's carmakers. He's a young (34), successful executive at an Internet-services company in Tokyo and has plenty of disposable income. He used to own Toyota's Hilux Surf, a sport utility vehicle. But now he uses mostly subways and trains. Suda reflects a worrisome trend in Japan; the automobile is losing its emotional appeal, particularly among the young, who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic gadgets. While minicars and luxury foreign brands are still popular, everything in between is slipping. Since 1990, yearly new-car sales have fallen from 7.8 million to 5.4 million units in 2007.2.Alarmed by this state of decay, the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association launched a comprehensive study of the market in 2006. It found a widening wealth gap, demographic changes—fewer households with children, a growing urban population—and general lack of interest in cars led Japanese to hold their vehicles longer, replace their cars with smaller ones or give up car ownership altogether. "Japan's automobile society stands at a crossroads," says Ryuichi Kitamura, a transport expert and professor at Kyoto University. He says he does not expect the trend to be reversed, as studies show that the younger Japanese consumers are, the less interested they are in having a car. JAMA predicts a further sales decline of 1.2 percent in 2008.3. But in Japan, the "demotorization" process, is also driven by cost factors. Owning and driving a car can cost up to $500 per month in Japan, including parking fees, car insurance, toll roads and various taxes. Taxes on a $17,000 car in Japan are4.1 times higher than in the United States, 1.7 times higher than in Germany and 1.25 times higher than in the U.K., according to JAMA. "Automobiles used to represent a symbol of our status, a Western, modern lifestyle that we aspired for," says Kitamura. For today's young people, he argues, "such thinking is completely gone."4.Cars are increasingly just a mobile utility; the real consumer time and effort goes into picking the coolest mobile phones and personal computers, not the hippest hatchback. The rental-car industry has grown by more than 30 percent in the past eight years, as urbanites book weekend wheels over the Internet. Meanwhile, government surveys show that spending on cars per household per year fell by 14 percent, to $600, between 2000 and 2005, while spending on Net and mobile-phone subscriptions rose by 39 percent, to $1,500, during the same period.5.For Japanese car companies, the implications are enormous. “Japan is the world’s second largest market, with a 17 to 18 percent share of our global sales. It’s important,” says Takao Katagiri, corporate vice president at Nissan Motor Co. The domestic market is where Japanese carmakers develop technology and build their know-how, and if it falters, it could gut an industry that employs 7.8 percent of the Japanese work force. While surging exports, particularly to emerging markets, have more than offset the decline in domestic sales so far, companies are looking for ways to turn the tide. Nissan, for example, is trying to appeal to the digital generation with promotio nal blogs and even a videogame. A racing game for Sony’s PlayStation, for example, offers players the chance to virtually drive the company’s latest sporty model, the GT-R—a new marketing approach to create buzz and tempt them into buying cars. Toyota Motors has opened an auto mall as part of a suburban shopping complex near Tokyo, hoping to attract the kinds of shoppers who have long since stopped thinking about dropping by a car dealership. It’s a bit akin to the Apple strategy of moving electronics out of the soulless superstore, and into more appealing and well-trafficked retail spaces. It worked for Apple, but then Apple is so 21st century. (638 words)Passage 6 Women Are Crazy for Fashion1.Whenever you see an old film, even one made as little as ten years ago, you cannot help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part. Their hair-styles and make-up look dated; their skirts look either too long or too short; their general appearance is, in fact, slightly ludicrous. The men taking part in the film, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.2.This illusion is created by changing fashions. Over the years, the great majority of men have successfully resisted all attempts to make them change their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. Each year a few so-called ‘top designers’ in Paris or London lay down the law and women the whole world over rush to obey. The decrees of the designers are unpredictable and dictatorial. This year, they decide in their arbitrary fashion, skirts will be short and waists will be high; zips are in and buttons are out. Next year the law is reversed and far from taking exception, no one is even mildly surprised.3.If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they shudder at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are annually blackmailed by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be discarded because of the dictates of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.4.Changing fashions are nothing more than the deliberate creation of waste. Many women squander vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to discard clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Hem-lines are taken up or let down; waist-lines are taken in or let out; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.5.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, providing they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shivering in a flimsy dress on a wintry day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in dainty shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of fickleness and instability? Men are too sensible to let themselves be bullied by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.(515words)ARTICLE ANALYSIS 6Passage 7The Beauty of Mathematics1.The British philosopher and logician Bertrand Russell once wrote: “Mathematics, rightly viewed, possesses not only truth, but supreme beauty — a beauty cold and austere, like that of sculpture.” Sculpture is widely admired in our societies —there is hardly a public space in our cities that does not boast a sculpture of some sort. But mathematical beauty is barely recognized beyond the confines of academia, and it is never celebrated.2.This seems curious, since it is clear that artists have long found inspiration in mathematics. Greek architects appear to have used a number known as the golden ratio when designing the Parthenon, and Leonardo D a Vinci’s Vitruvian Man, which depicts an outstretched figure encompassed by a square and a circle, is an attempt to link human beauty with geometry. And in the 20th century, artists have been exposed even more to mathematical ideas, initially because Victorian mathematicians found ways of visualizing mathematical formulae and functions in physical form. Now computers have made it possible to visualize even more complex functions as fractal patterns, and hence mathematical objects like Mandelbrot set have become household images.3.But mathematicians are not usually thinking of images, models and sculptures when they talk about beauty. Mathematical beauty is not a visual quality, Judging a piece of mathematics by the way it looks when modeled in clay, carved in stone or printed on paper is like judging a book by its typeface –it’s an absurd notion.4.What, then, constitutes beautiful mathematics? This is rarely debated among mathematicians, but there are some generally accepted tests that a piece of work must pass to be deemed beautiful —it must employ a minimal number of assumptions, for example, or give some original and important insight, or throw other work into new perspective. Elegance is perhaps a better term for it. There is a flip side, of course: a piece of mathematics laden with unnecessary assumptions and offering no new insight is deemed ugly. The most famous example of a function that meets all the requirements of beauty is Euler’s formula (e iπ+1=0), which links some of the most fundamental concepts in mathematics and draws together two entirely separate branches of the science –geometry, the study of space, and algebra, the study of structure and quantity.5.So why has mathematical beauty failed to make a cultural impact? One reason could be that this spectrum of aesthetics, with beauty at one end and ugliness at the other, sounds horribly one dimensional. And having rules for mathematical beauty feels, as Russell put in, cold and austere: this is a beauty devoid of emotion, profoundly different to that which we experience and admire in a physical world. The beauty of mathematics can be cold and austere, when viewed in a particular way. But viewed in another, it can be rich and warm, funny and sad, romantic and profound. Just like sculpture —he was right about it.(486words)ARTICLE ANALYSIS 7Passage 81. It’s possible to admire Oprah Winfrey and still wish Harvard hadn’t awarded her an honorary doctor of law degree and the commencement speaker spot at yesterday’s graduation. There’s no question Oprah’s achievements place her in the temple of American success stories. Talent, charm, and an exceptional work ethic have rarely hurled anyone as far as they have this former abused teenage mother from rural Mississippi who became one of world’s most successful entertainment icons and the first African-American female billionaire.2. Honorary degrees are often conferred on non-academic leaders in the arts, business, and politics. Harvard’s list in recent years has included Kofi Annan, Bill Gates, Meryl Streep, and David Souter. But Oprah’s particular brand of celebrity is not a good fit for the values of a university whose motto, Veritas, means truth. Oprah’s passionate advocacy extends, unfortunately, to a hearty embrace of fake science. Most notoriously, Oprah’s validation of Jenny McCarthy’s claim that vaccines cause autism has no doubt contributed to much harm through the foolish avoidance of vaccines.3. Famous people are entitled to a few failings, like the rest of us, and the choice of commencement speakers often reflects a balance of institutional priorities and aspirations. Judging from our conversations with many students, Oprah was a widely popular choice. But this vote of confidence in Oprah sends a troubling message at precisely the time when American universities need to do more to advance the cause of reason. As former Dean of Harvard College, Harry Lewis, noted in a blog post about his objections, “It seems very odd for Harvard to h onor such a high profile popularizer of the irrational…at a time when political and religious nonsense so jeopardize the rule of reason in this allegedly enlightened democracy and around the world.”4. As America’s oldest and most visible university, Harv ard has a special opportunity to convey its respect for science not only through its research and teaching programs but also in its public affirmation of evidence-based inquiry. Unfortunately, many American universities seem awfully busy protecting their brand name and not nearly busy enough protecting the pursuit of knowledge. A recent article in The Harvard Crimson noted the shocking growth of Harvard’s public relations arm in the last five years and it questioned whether a focus on risk management and avoiding controversy was really the best outward-looking face of this great institution.5. As American research universities begin to resemble profile centers and entertainment complexes, it’s easy to lose sight of their primary mission: to produce and spread knowledge. This mission depends on traditions of rational discourse and vigorous defense of the scientific method. Oprah Winfrey’s honorary doctorate was a step in the wrong direction.(445 words)ARTICLE ANALYSIS - Passage 8Passage 91. When Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg launched the in Feb. 2004, even he could not imagine the forces it would let loose. His intent was to connect college students. Facebook, which is what this website rapidly evolved into, ended up connecting the world.2. To the children of this connected era, the world is one giant social network. They are not bound — as were previous generations of humans — by what they were taught. They are only limited by their curiosity and ambition. During my childhood, all knowledge was local. You learned everything you knew from your parents, teachers, preachers, and friends. With the high-quality and timely information at their fingertips, today’s children are rising above the fears and biases of their parents. Adults are also participating in this revolution. India’s normally tame middle class is speaking up against social ills. Silicon Valley executives are being shamed into adding women to their boards. Political leaders are marshalling the energy of millions for elections and political causes. All of this is being done with social media technologies that Facebook and its competitors set free.3. As does every advancing technology,social media has created many new problems. It is commonly addictive and creates risks for younger users. Social media is used by extremists in the Middle East and elsewhere to seek and brainwash recruits. And it exposes us and our friends to disagreeable spying. We may leave our lights on in the house when we are on vacation, but through social media we tell criminals exactly where we are, when we plan to return home, and how to blackmail us.4. Governments don’t need informers any more.Social media allows government agencies to spy on their own citizens.We record our thoughts, emotions, likes and dislikes on Facebook; we share our political views, social preferences, and plans. We post intimate photographs of ourselves. No spy agency or criminal organization could actively gather the type of data that we voluntarily post for them. The marketers are also seeing big opportunities.Amazon is trying to predict what we will order. Google is trying to judge our needs and wants based on our social-media profiles. We need to be aware of the risks and keep working to alleviate the dangers.5. Regardless of what social media people use, one thing is certain: we are in a period of accelerating change.The next decade will be even more amazing and unpredictable than the last. Just as no one could predict what would happen with social media in the last decade, no one can accurately predict where this technology will take us. I am optimistic, however, that a connected humanity will find a way to uplift itself. (450 words)ARTICLE ANALYSIS – Passage 9Passage 10.The Use of Antibiotics in Modern US Agriculture1. One of the most striking patterns in modern US agriculture is the increasing use of antibiotics asa regular supplement in the feed and water consumed by cows, pigs and especially poultry. Most of these drugs are administered in small doses to farm animals not to cure sickness but to promote more growth on less feed and to prevent the infections that come with crowding in feedlots and confinement systems. The practice began in the late 1940s and has accelerated rapidly. Nobody knows precisely what volume of antibiotics is used today. But new estimates released by a public interest group suggest that the amount of antibiotics used nontherapeutically in American livestock has grown to 11.2 million kilograms per year, a number that may be as much as 50% higher than it was in 1985.2.These figures appear in a new report on agricultural antibiotics by the Union of Concerned Scientists, a nonprofit organization based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The numbers are alarming for two reasons. First, 11.2 million kilograms far exceeds previous estimates. Second, it was a very hard number to arrive at because the data for antibiotic production and use, in humans or animals, are, as the report states, “shockingly incomplete”. A trade group for the makers of veterinary medicines has estimated, for example, that far more antibiotics are used in treating human illness than are administered to animals. But the new estimates find just the opposite—that for the nontherapeutic purposes, cows, pigs and poultry receive overall more than eight times the amount of antibiotics that humans receive in the treatment of actual illness.3. The public has a vital interest in this issue because the number of microbes that are resistant to antibiotic treatments is increasing, and much of the problem stems from the overuse of antibiotics, which kill off susceptible microbes but leave the resistant ones to proliferate. Giving large numbers of animals small doses of antibiotics creates the perfect conditions for the development of resistant strains of microbes, which cause disease in humans. There is already widespread concern in the medical community about the prescription of unnecessary antibiotics for human use, but the problem is exacerbated by the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in agriculture. Moreover, the practice of giving animals antibiosis largely unnecessary, as farmers in Sweden, where giving important human antibiotics to farm animals is illegal, have proved.4. The public also has an interest in the quality of the information concerning antibiotic usage. It is difficult to craft a meaningful policy without accurate numbers. As this report convincingly argues, “even the most basic information on anti-microbial usage is not available”—not from either government sources or industry. Indeed, government health officials have complained about the lack of reliable data on antibiotic use.5. The way to ensure that antibiotics rain their efficacy against disease is to know exactly how and in what quantities they are being administered and to eliminate unnecessary usage. But there seems little doubt that antibiotic use will need to be cut back sharply before it produces even more microbes that are resistant to modern medicines. (512 words)。

武汉大学博士英语期末考试资料整理(2018.6.5更新)1．段落分析Developing Paragraph/Body（正文/主体）1. Unity (一致性)—topic sentence切题，与开篇提出的论点相关2. Development (发展性)—supporting sentences no more than 5 aspects论据是否充分Common Methods of Developmentexemplification 例证1)facts事实2)citation引证3)comparison and contrast比较与对比4)analysis分析5)classification分类3. Coherence (连贯性):主要指段落中的句子与句子之间在逻辑上和结构上的相互连贯—条理清楚、层次分明、衔接自然。

General rule by classification总原则：from the most important to the least important or versa vice 由重到轻，反之亦然（由轻到重：hierarchical structure/build-up expansion）1)by transitions/signposts过渡词/路标词2)by repetition of key words3)by synonyms or variations of key words4)by reference words (e.g.: this, these, that, those, one, ones)5)from material to spiritual aspects从物质到精神6)from physical to psychological aspects从身体到心理7)from individual to social aspects从个体到社会8)from oneself to others从自身到他人9)from direct to indirect aspects从直接到间接10)from physical environment to economic, social and cultural structure从地理环境到社会、经济和文化结构Concept-defining1. Content 内容（from paragraph level 段落）Topic 话题—笼统→ Perspective 角度—抽象→ Aspect 方面—具体1）Topic 话题：what to write – general 笼统（topic sentence）2）Perspective (point of view/viewpoint) 角度/视点→ 展开素材3）Aspect (part/side) 方面/层面→ 体现素材(supporting sentences)from material to spiritual aspects从物质到精神from physical to psychological aspects从身体到心理from general to specific从笼统到具体from idea/mentality to behavior从思想到行为from people to organization/governmentfrom technological to social aspects = from technology to society/from science to society from individual to social aspects从个体到社会from oneself to others从自身到他人from direct to indirect aspects从直接到间接from physical environment to economic, social and cultural structure从地理环境到社会、经济和文化结构2. Form/Function形式（from passage level 篇章）Structure: the organization of the whole articleIntroduction (what)Body (why)Conclusion (how)3. Paragraph development 段落的展开How to arrange the material to develop/illustrate/elaborate/support the topic sentence1) Skill: knowledge & ability that enables you to so sth wellSkill form:技巧/形式→展开素材：支持句的表现形式，外在的（supporting sentence）Skill > method1)(by) Statistics统计2)(by) Examples例证3)(by) Statements阐述4)(by) Quotation引言2) Method/order: way of arrangementMethod/order/pattern: content方法/布局→排列组合素材；支持句排列组合方式，内在的1)topic order（subtitle）2)causal order = cause and effect3)spatial order = space order4)chronological order = time order5)problem and solution6)means and ends7)process and result8)classification9)hierarchical structure 分层次、等级的(from least to most)10)antithesis对照（from positive to negative）11)progression递进：a gradual process of change or developing over period of time 一段时间内的变化发展过程12)comparison and contrast比较与对比13)by definition 下定义Note：平行结构是指在论证某个观点或论题时，将其分解成具有一定联系的几个方面加以论述，而这几个方面都是从属于中心论题或观点的，他们之间地位平等，呈平行关系。

武汉大学2016-2017学年度第一学期2017级《大学英语一级》期末试卷（A卷）2016年01月10日学号＿＿＿＿＿姓名＿＿＿＿＿院（系）＿＿＿＿＿考生注意事项：1．本次考试共计120分钟（08：30--10：30）2.09：00正式播放听力录音；3．在答题卡准考证号一栏添入自己的学号：4．准考证号一栏涂黑相应的阿拉伯数字（漏填或填错将影响卷面得分）；5．在试卷类型处涂黑A或B（机读卡的试卷类型在答题卡右上角，主观题答题卡试卷类型在答题卡上方。

两卡都要填写试卷类型，漏填或错填将影响卷面得分）；6．主观题部分（词汇、翻译、作文等）写在主观题答题卡上；7．考试结束时请将机读答题卡，主观答题纸和试题册一并交给监考人员（不交试题册者按零分处理）；8．请将姓名、学号等相关信息填入上栏（重修学生请在姓名后注明“重修”二字）。

9．考生联系方式审题人：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿Part I Listening Comprehension(25%)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear eight short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause. you must read the four choices marked A). BL. C) and D).and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line though the centre.I.A) She mst walk five miks.B)She must walk five or six blocks.C)She must walk to the comer for three blocks.D)She must tour two bbcks.2.A)He will do anything to make the soup.B)He can't eat any soup.C)He prefers another job.D)He doesn't want any dinner.3.A)He ade an improper turmB)He went the wrong direction on a one-way street.C)He got a one-way plane ticket.D)He sbwed down at the wrong time.4.A) She i too shy to apply for the job.B)She is peiful.C)She is quabfied.D)She is inteligent.5.A) The bus has broken down and will not arrive.B)The bus was debiyed by the traffic jamC)The bus will probably arrive at 9:15.D)The bus will arive tonighu.but the man isn't sure.6.A) The report might be short.B)The report might be bngC)The report has been finished.D)The report mighu be easy.7.A)Go to her sister's home.B)Go to make the phone callC)Go to the dinner.D)Go to the concert.8.A)James never comes bate.B)James i always bte.C)James is not surprised.D)James hates to wai.Section BDirectlons:In this section,you will hear TWO shon passages. At the end of each passage. you will hear some questions. Borh the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the bes answer fom the four choices marked A). B).C) and D1.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line though the centre.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the following passage:9.A)It helps the Estener to remember what has been sail.B) It interferes with listening comprehensionC)It has no effect on Estening comprehension.D) It helps the students with poor memory.10.A)50%B)80%C)90%D)100%11.A)They shoukd keep their notes as kong as possible.B)They should check ther notes wih other students.C)They should review their noles from time to time.D) They should never take notes when Estening.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the following passage:12.A)They speak several bngunges.B)They offen travel by air for free.C)They needn't work lke a wairess.D)They eam money and see the world at the same time.13.A)They can speak several langunges.B)They can do the simple job in the routine manner.C)They must kam abou psychology.D)They must work Eke a nurse sometimes.14.A)She must be able to carry oul the necessary procedure wih calm and efficiency.B)She must be able to expbin the situation in several anguages.C)She mst take the advantage of the psychology and the murse.D)She must estirate the work of the pilot exactly.15.A)Because she does the routine job effciently.B)Because she ik a charming waitress.C)Because she is a well-trained essential menber of the crew.D)Because she is able to communicate wih the passengers in several bingunges.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear TWO passages. Each passage will be read TWICE. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with the information you get from the reconding.（注意：本部分请直接把答案写在主观答题纸上。