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研究生期末考试汉译英第一套试题Section B1.他期末得了一个A。
He finished out the semester with an A.2.我都不知道自己是怎么拿到高中文凭的。
I don't know how I ever got a high-school diploma.3.尽管有这些困难，他们还是决定把接受教育放在首位。
In spite of these difficulties, they have decided to make education a priority.4.让学生不及格，作为一种常规手段，其优点在今天依然和两代之前一样多。
Flunking as a regular policy has just as much merit today as it did two generations ago.5.这是一个在过去有效，在今天也会有效的政策。
This is a policy that worked in the past and can work today.第二套试题Section B1.比如说，人人都一致认为与家人共度更多时间是人们幸福的关键。
For example, everyone would agree that spending more time with family is crucial to happiness.2.人们花在因特网上的时间越长，与真人交往的时间就越短。
The more hours people use the Internet, the less time they spend with real human beings.3.电子邮件，我们不能靠它生活但离开它也不行。
E-mail .Can’t live with it, can’t live without it.4.在进步教育的影响下，让学生了解历史事实、数学、地理似乎都不如感觉重要。
1.Since we are through with the customs formalities, we feel rather released.我们办完了海关手续，感觉如释重负。
2.Repeated failures at making experiments may be too much for many talented would-be scientists.在实验过程中屡遭失败，对于许多有天赋的将要成为科学家的人来说可能是难以承受的。
3.Despite our efforts at quality-oriented education, many teachers and parents are still keen on marks.尽管我们努力推进素质教育,许多老师和家长还是热衷于分数。
4.Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool.人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。
5.They build roads, houses, bridges, ships, pipelines, and canals.他们修路、盖房、架桥、造船、铺管道、挖运河。
6.The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that ofcurrent.电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。
7. A new kind of aircraft—small, cheap, pilotless—is attracting increasing attention.一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意—这种飞机体积不大，价钱便宜，无人驾驶。
武汉大学翻硕英汉互译真题1.APEC 亚太经合组织2.CAT 计算机辅助翻译(Computer Aided Translation) ; （结合：CAD 计算机辅助设计）3.NATO 北大西洋公约组织（North Atlantic Treaty Organization）4.FIT 国外个人旅行（Foreign Independent Tour）5.GPS 全球定位系统（Global Position System）；6.IMF 国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)7.subtitling 字幕8.Morse code 摩尔斯电码9.Translation studies 翻译研究10.Jerusalem 耶路撒冷11.General Assembly 联合国大会12.Gallup poll盖洛普民意测验13.money order汇款单14.Think-Aloud Protocols有声思维15.translation norms翻译规范汉译英：16.双赢Win-win17.三国Three Kingdoms18.直译Literal translation19.信达雅faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance20.民族政策Ethnic policies21.科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development；22.节约型社会conservation-oriented society23.节能减排Energy conservation and emission reduction24.次贷危机Sub-prime mortgage crisis25.服务型政府Service-oriented government26.扫黄打非Eliminate pornography and illegal publications27.灾害救助制度the natural disaster relief system28.和谐社会harmonious society29.职业翻译者professional translator30.国际关系民主化practice democracy in international relations1 ASEAN:东南亚国家联盟（东盟）（Association of Southeast Asian Nations)2 CPI:消费者物价指数（Consumer Price Index）；3 EQ:情商（Emotional Quotient）4 GMT:格林威治标准时间（Greenwich Mean Time）5 GNP：国民生产总值（gross national product）6 OPEC：石油输出国家组织（Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries）7 UNCF:联合国儿童基金会（the United Children's Fund ）8 UNESCO:联合国教科文组织（United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization)9 NGO:民间组织；非政府组织（Non-Governmental Organization）10 Dynamic Equivalence 动态对等11 Foreignizing Method 异化12 Intersemiotic Translation 符际翻译【扩展：翻译可从5种不同的角度来分类：从译出语和译入语的角度来分类，翻译可分为本族语译为外语、外语译为本族语；1）从涉及到的语言符号来分类，翻译分为语内翻译（intralingual translation）、语际翻译（interlingual translation）和符际翻译（intersemiotic translation）；2）从翻译的手段来分类，翻译可分为口译（oral interlingual translation）、笔译（written interlingual translation）和机器翻译（machine translation）；3）从翻译的题材来分类，翻译可分为专业文献翻译（translation of English for science and technology）、文学翻译（literary translation）和一般性翻译（practical writing translation）；4）从翻译的处理方式来分类，翻译可分为全译（full translation）、摘译（partial translation）和编译（translation plus editing）】13 Lingua Franca 通用语14 Polysystems Theory 多元系统理论15 Department of Homeland Security 国土安全局汉译英：1 即席翻译unseen translation2 稀土rare earth3 产品导向product-driven4 民族的先知prophet of a nation5 操纵汇率Exchange Rate Manipulation6 第三产业The tertiary industry7 宏观调控macro-control efforts8 虚拟经济Virtonomics9 生态补偿机制ecological compensation mechanism10 西部大开发largescale development of the western region11 抑制流动性curb liquidity12 可持续发展sustainable development13 全面战略伙伴关系the comprehensive strategic partnership14 转变政府职能The transformation of governmental functions15 国际金融新秩序a new international financial order。
武⼤研究⽣英语教材课后翻译汉译英1.中国和欧洲是两⼤战略⼒量，肩负推动全球经济发展、促进⼈类⽂明进步、维护世界和平的崇⾼使命，双⽅正在形成不断放⼤的战略交集。
中国是最⼤的新兴市场国家，欧盟是最⼤的发达经济体，"最⼤"与"最⼤"交融,⼀切都有可能，"新兴"与"发达"携⼿，优势就会倍增，中欧在新兴和发达经济体合作中可以成为典范。
China and Europe are two major strategic forces. We both undertake the lofty mission of promoting global economy, advancing human civilization and progress and safeguarding world peace. The two sides are expanding their converging strategic interests. China is the largest emerging market and the EU the largest developed economy. Nothing is impossible when the two "largests" converge.And strength will be multiplied if the "emerging" meets the "developed".China-EU cooperation may serve as a fine example of that between the emerging and developed economies.2.近40年的中欧关系，已由⼀棵⼩苗长成枝繁叶茂的⼤树，这棵树上挂满了累累果实。
XI.Unit 11. 这种植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成长。
The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2. 研究结果表明，无论我们白天做了些什么事情，晚上都会做大约两个小时的梦。
Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3.有些人往往责怪别人没有尽最大努力，以此来为自己的失败辩护。
Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.我们忠于我们的承诺：凡是答应做的，我们都会做到。
We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do,we would do it.5.连贝多芬的父亲都不相信自己的儿子日后有一天可能成为世界上最伟大得音乐家。
爱迪生也同样如此，他的老师觉得他似乎过于迟钝。
Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6.当局控告他们威胁国家安全。
They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.unit 21.要是这部喜剧中的任务更幽默些的话，就会吸引更多的观众。
研究生期末考试英译汉第一套试题Section A1.Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaninglessdiplomas.今年将有好几万的十八岁青年毕业，他们都将被授予毫无意义的文凭。
2.They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.他们还将发现他们被我们的教育体系欺骗了。
3.Early in each session I ask my students to write about an unpleasant experience they had inschool.每学期开始的时候，我会让我的学生写一下他们在学校的不快体验。
4.That is to reveal the trump card of failure.这个办法就是亮出失败的王牌。
5.I regained my composure and managed to say that I thought she was right.我恢复镇定，艰难地表示我认为她是对的。
第二套试题Section A1.Well-being, not just wealth, should mark the progress of our societies.人们的身心健康与快乐，并非财富，才是我们社会进步的标志。
2.Any time when you have something that is difficult to say ,e-mail can make it easier.每当你有什么难以开口的事要说，写个电子邮件会使之变得简单的多。
3.Tens of thousands of 18-year-olds will graduate this year and be handed meaninglessdiplomas.今年将有好几十万的十八岁青年毕业，他们将被授予毫无意义的文凭。
英语专业期末考试翻译试题,汉译英翻译下列词语。
（1）雪中送炭 help a lame dog over a stile（2）好好先生 yes-man(3)一寸光阴一寸金 an inch of time is an inch of gold(4)西部大开发 western development(5)破产 have/wear a green bonnet二．.翻译下列句子。
（1）幽默是智慧、学识、机敏的结晶，幽默在我们社会、家庭、工作、学习、生活中不可或缺。
Humor is the crystallization of wit, knowledge, and resourcefulness. It is also indispensable to our work, study ,family ,society ,and life in general.(2) 她使我知道人间的温暖;她使我知道爱与被爱的幸福。
It was to her that I owed my awareness of the fact that there is warmth in the world—that to show love is no less happiness than to be loved.(3)中国有两点是靠得住的，一是讲原则，二是说话算数。
（邓小平）China can be counted on. Among other things, first, it upholds principles and second, it honors its words.(4) 月光如水一般，静静地泻在这一片叶子和花上。
薄薄的青雾浮起在荷塘里，叶子和华仿佛在牛乳中洗过一样；又像笼着轻纱的梦。
Moonlight cascaded like water over the locus leaves and flowers, and a light blue mist floating up from the pool made them seem washed in milk or caught in a gauzy dream.(5)专家们认为，这种流行病不是由空气污染，就是由食物污染所引起。
(仅供参考)第一课1.For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Y et English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually(actually) all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and W elsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.1. 因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了凯尔特语、康沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡。
这些岛上的分地区依然还有很多社区的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。
然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。
英语对仅存的三种凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，人们一定认为它们遥远的未来是岌岌可危的。
s2.He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism [a condition parallel to(equal to/ similar to) racism and sexism]. As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have [by design(=deliberately) or default(=mistake)] encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some (about) three centuries ago as (when) economic and colonial expansion.2.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（与种族歧视、性别歧视等类似）的偏见密切相关。
读思研英译汉重点句子第一课：1. 所有的人都会生儿育女，组成家庭或社会，发展一种语言以及适应他们周围环境的这种倾向特别具有欺骗性，因为它带来了一种期望，这种期望就是这些行为的形式以及围绕这些行动的态度与价值观念将是相似的。
(段二倒6排)The tendency for all people to reproduce, group into families or societies, develop a language ,and adapt to their environment is particularly deceiving because it leads to the expectation that the forms of these behaviors and the attitudes and values surrounding them will also be similar.2. 力求证明达尔文关于面部表情是共同的这一理论的跨文化研究给人极大的希望，研究者发现脸部的某些看得见的表情，即因愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、悲伤、厌恶、幸福而紧缩的肌肉组合，我们人类成员都是一样的。
但是这似乎无济于事，只要我们意识到一个人生长的文化决定了这种情感是否会表露或压抑,决定了在何种场合和多大的程度上会表露或压抑。
(段三正1句)Promising are the cross-cultural studies seeking to support Darwin’s theory that facial expressions are universal and researchers found that the particular visible pattern on the face, the combination of muscles contracted for anger, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, happiness is the same for all members of our species, but this seems helpful until it is realized that a person’s cultural upbringing determines whether or not that emotion will be displayed or suppressed, as well as on which occasions and to what degree.3. 由于似乎没有普遍的人性可以作为自动理解的基础，所以我们必须把每交往当作个别案例来处理，寻求任何共同的认知和交流方法并以此作为出发点。
汉译英unit11、当今的大学生，尽管他们努力地想使自己成才，但对未来还是很模糊的。
（estabish oneself）Today's university students are struggling to establish themselves, but they still have ambiguous feelings about their future.2、一个人如果不能找到自我以外的中心，就不能实现他的自我价值。
所以，理想的本科教育必须使学生超越自我。
（transcend）A man cannot find himself without finding a center beyond hi. So the idealism of the undergraduate experience must help the student transcend himself.3、我们强烈地希望在大学所学到的知识在今后的工作与学习中能起到重要作用。
（reveal ）We eagerly hope that the lessons leaned in the university will reveal themselves in our performance in the workplace and further education.4. 四年的本科学习班是走向成功生活的唯一道路，这种说法是无法接受的。
(go unchallenged)We eagerly hope that the lessons leaned in the university will reveal themselves in our performance in the workplace and further education.5.对一个关键问题作结论时，如果只是相信所谓专家的意见而不相信自己，不根据调查的结果、不根据数据、那是冒险。
Unit oneStumbling block in intercultural communication1 在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。
It’s appropriate at this time of major changes in the international scene to take a look at some of the disappointing results of attempts at communication. They are actually stumbling block in international communication.7 本国居民可能会被灌输有这种期望：既然外国人穿着合适，并且能说一些本国话，那么他或她也有同样的非语言的准则、想法和感觉。
The native inhabitants are likely to be lulled into the expectation that ,since the foreign person is dressed appropriately and speak some of the language,he or she will also have similar nonverbal codes ,thoughts and feelings.8 更糟糕的问题是死死抱住新语言中一个词汇或短语的一种意义，而不顾隐含义和语境。
A worse language problem is the tenacity with which someone will cling to just one meaning of a word or phrase in the new language, regardless of connotation or context.11 先入为主和程式化思维的现象第四个绊脚石是先入为主的观念和程式思维现象。
英译汉Unit 1(1)Promising are the cross-cultural studies seeking to support Darwin’s theory that facial expressions are universal and researchers found that the particular visible pattern on the face, the combination of muscles contracted for anger, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, happiness is the same for all members of our species, but this seems helpful until it is realized that a person’s cultural upbringing determines whether or not that emotion will be displayed or suppressed, as well as on which occasions and to what degree.力求证明达尔文关于面部表情是共同的这一理论的跨文化研究给人极大的希望，研究者发现脸部的某些看得见的形状，即因愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、悲伤、厌恶、幸福而紧缩的肌肉组合,我们人类各成员都是一样的。
但是这似乎无济于事，只要我们意识到一个人生长的文化决定了这种情感是否会表露或压抑,决定了在何种场合和多大的程度上会表露或压抑。
(2)The stumbling block of assumed similarity is a “trouble m,” as one English learner expressed it, not only for the foreigner but for the people in the host country with whom the international visitor comes into contact.正如一个学习英语的人所表达的那样，相似性的假设这个的绊脚石是一个“麻烦”，不仅仅是对于来访的外国人，就连这个外国人接触的东道国的人也都是个问题。
汉译英1、如果没有他的帮助，我早就误入歧途了。
But for his help, I should have gone astray.2、使我们失望的是，他不顾大局。
To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account.3、有一项调查发现，不吸烟的妇女，如果在吸烟的家庭环境中生活40年或者更长的时间，那么就有加倍患肺癌的危险。
An investigation indicates that non-smoking women living in a smoking family environment for 40 years or still longer will have double risk of developing lung cancer.4、人不可貌相Beauty is but skin deep.5、他任然没有弄懂我的意思。
He still could not understand me.6、无论如何，他算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。
She can hardly be rated as a bright student.1、在1996年，要为”新经济”做一个定义，那就是新经济是以科技为动力的经济，五年以后，新现象产生，新经济的定义，也要改了，它还是以技术为动力，但要加上一句，创新与进取精神使得它蓬勃发展。
In 1996,one would probably define …new economy‟as an economy powered by technology . Now, five years later, various new advancements are calling for a modified view, It is true that new economy is driven by technology ,but that is not all. A spirit of innovation and initiative is also fueling its progress.2、人格缺陷的精英时代当年中学华文老师在我的毕业纪念册写上“人无求时品自高”几个字，那个时候我根本无法理解，也一直无法接近这样的高标准，只能把他看做是一个传统的华语老师的期许和勉励，面对近日沸沸扬扬的奖学金得主“预谋”毁约的新闻，我又想起了这句话。
10武大The style of Dryden is capricious and varied, that of Pope is cautious and uniform; Dryden obeys the motions of his own mind, Pope constrains his mind to his own rules of composition. Dryden is sometimes vehement and rapid; Pope is always smooth, unif orm, and gentle. Dryden’s page is a natural field, rising into inequalities, and diversified by the varied exuberance of abundant vegetation; Pope’s is a velvet lawn, shaven by the scythe, and levelled by the roller.Of genius, that power which constitutes a poet; that quality without which judgment is cold, and knowledge is inert; that energy which collects, combines, amplifies, and animates; the superiority must, with some hesitation, be allowed to Dryden. It is not to be inferred, that of this poetical vigor Pope had only a little, because Dryden had more; for every other writer since Milton must give place to Pope; and even of Dryden it must be said, that, if he has brighter paragraphs, he has not better poems. Dryden’s performances were always hasty, ei ther excited by some external occasion, or extorted by domestic necessity; he composed without consideration, and published without correction. What his mind could supply at call, or gather in one excursion, was all that he sought, and all that he gave. The dilatory caution of Pope enabled him to condense his sentiments, to multiply his images, and to accumulate all that study might produce, or chance might supply. If the flights of Dryden therefore are higher, Pope continues longer on the wing. If of Dryde n’s fire the blaze is brighter, of Pope’s the heat is more regular and constant. Dryden often surpasses expectation, and Pope never falls below it.汉译英顾名思义，这是一束再放的花朵。
硕士英语课后翻译(unit 1 text A)Text A注：自己查找结合老师课堂所讲的内容翻译的，有疏漏之处希望能在评论中指出1-a-1Since there seems to be no universals of "human nature" that can be used as a basis for automatic understanding, we must treat each encounter as an individual case, searching for whatever perceptions and communication means are held in common and proceed from there.既然没有普遍的人性可以作为自动理解的基础，所以我们必须把每次交往当作个别案例来处理，寻求任何共同的认知和交流方法并以此作为出发点。
1-a-2Without being alert to possible differences and the need to learn new rules for functioning, persons going from one city to the other will be in immediate trouble, even when acting simple roles such as pedestrian and driver.如果没有意识到可能存在的差异和学习生活的新规则的需要，从一个城市去另一个城市人将会立刻陷入困境，甚至在完成诸如行人、司机之类的简单角色时也会如此。
1-a-3The confidence that goes with the myth of similarity is much more comfortable than the assumption of differences, the latter requiring tentative assumptions and behaviors and a willingness to accept the anxiety of "not knowing".相信相似性的错误观念比设想存在差异更让人觉得舒服，因为后者要求试探性的设想和行为并且乐意接受由于“不知道”而产生的焦虑。
1．It was a big, frame squarish house that had once been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies, set on what had once been our most select street. （Para 2）那是一幢过去漆成白色的四方形大木屋,坐落在当年一条最考究的街道上,还装点着有十九世纪七十年代风格的圆形屋顶,尖塔和涡形花纹的阳台,带有浓厚的轻盈气息2．only Miss Emily's house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps 一an eyesore among eyesores. （Para 2）只有爱米丽小姐的屋子岿然独存,四周簇拥着棉花车和汽油泵.房子虽已破败,却还是桀骜不驯,装模作样,真是丑中之丑.3．Colonel Sartoris invented an involved tale to the effect that Miss Emily’s father had loaned money to the town, which the town, as a matter of business, preferred this way of repaying. （Para 3）沙多里斯上校编造了一大套无中生有的话,说是爱米丽的父亲曾经贷款给镇政府,因此,镇政府作为一种交易,宁愿以这种方式偿还.4．When the Negro opened the blinds of one window, they could see that the leather was cracked；and when they sat down, a faint dust rose sluggishly about their thighs, spinning with slow motes in the single sun-ray．（Para 5）黑人掀开一扇窗帘,这时,便可看出皮套子已经坼裂;等他们坐了下来,大腿两边就有一阵灰尘冉冉上升,尘粒在那一缕阳光中缓缓旋转.5．Her skeleton was small and spare; Perhaps that was why what would have been merely plumpness in another was obesity in her: Because of her small frame, extra weight became much more visible and exaggerated on her. （Para 6）她的身架矮小，也许正因为这个缘故,在别的女人身上显得是丰满的东西,而她却给人以肥大的感觉.6．Her eyes, lost in the fatty ridges of her face, looked like two small pieces of coal pressed into a lump of dough as they moved from one face to another while the visitors stated their errand. （Para 6）当客人说明来意时,她那双凹陷在一脸隆起的肥肉之中,活像揉在一团生面中的两个小煤球似的眼睛不住地移动着,时而瞧瞧这张面孔,时而打量那张面孔。
武汉大学硕士英语汉译英重点1、走社会主义道路，就是要逐步实现共同富裕。
共同富裕的构想是这样的：一部分地区有条件先发展起来，一部分地区发展慢点，先发展起来的地区带动后发展的地区，最终达到共同富裕……解决的办法之一，就是先富起来的地区多交点利税，支持贫困地区的发展。
翻译：To take the road of socialism is to realize common prosperity step by step. Our plan is as follow: where conditions permit, some areas may develop faster than others; those that develop faster can help promote the progress of those that lag behind, until all become prosperous… One way is for the areas that become prosperous first to support the poor ones by paying more taxes or turning in more profits to the state.3、现阶段中国已经实现了粮食基本自给，在未来的发展过程中，中国依靠自己的力量实现粮食基本自给，客观上具备诸多有利因素。
翻译：China has basically achieved self-sufficiency in grain at the present stage, and there are many favorable objective factors for her to maintain such achievement by her own efforts in the course of future development.4、社会主义中国应该用实践向世界表明，中国反对霸权主义、强权政治，永不称霸。
Translation Exercises(50)增词法:补充汉语句子中省略的成分1) 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
翻译：Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.2)我国社会主义工业化的建设及其成就，正在日益促进他们的这种积极性。
翻译：Their enthusiasm is being constantly heightened by China’s socialist industrialization and its achievement.3)会谈中，双方集中讨论了保护知识产权方面的问题。
翻译：During the talks, their discussion has been centered around the protection of intellectual property rights.4) 孩子们看电视过多会大大的损伤视力。
翻译：Too much exposure to TV program will do great harm to the eyesight of children.5) 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。
翻译：Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved.6) 作者在文章中，对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。
翻译：In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment.7) 学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。
翻译：All the students should develop morally, intellectually, physically.句子结构转换：汉语复合句转换成英语简单句8) 这架波音747飞机起飞了，机上载有347名乘客。
翻译：The Boeing 747 took off with 347 passengers on board.9) 因为他滥用职权，他严重损害了自己在下属面前的形象。
翻译：Abuse of power seriously damaged his image among his subordinates.10) 即使是最好的厨师，有时又有做不好的菜。
翻译：The best cook sometimes makes bad dishes.11) 江山易改，本性难移。
翻译：You can never scare a dog away from a greasy hide.句子结构转换:汉语简单句转换成英语复合句12) 这家商店里的商品品种多、花色全、样式新。
翻译：The commodities in this store are great in variety, new in style, and their design and color are rich.汉语意合句：小句组成，需弄清楚语义关系，按主次原则分别译成主从句，加上关联词13) 济南地段的黄河，夏天河面宽，水流急，泥沙沉淀淤积，河床逐年加高，水位高出地面十多米。
翻译：The Yellow River at Jinan is wide and turbulent in summer. With years of precipitation and deposition of silt, its bed has become higher and higher so that its average water level is about 10 meters above the ground.14) 七股大水，从水库的桥孔跃出，仿佛七幅闪光黄锦，直扑下去，碰着嶙峋的乱石，激起一片雪白水珠，脱线一般，撒在洄漩的水面。
翻译：Seven torrents were rushing through the archways of the bridge like seven glittering rolls of cloth of gold cascading(倾泻) on to the jagged rocks below and scattering snow-white bubbles like a string of broken beads on the swirling water.主题句：主题语+评论语英译时，评论语往往作为主句而前移15) 我们的三个孩子是在接受了8年到11年左右的华文教育后，才转入英文学校，对此我们感到非常的欣慰。
翻译：We are gratified that our three children had between 8 and 11 years of Chinese schooling before switching over to English schools.16) 期望大学毕业生即使在竞争激烈的时代中也要活得正直，彬彬有礼，富有爱心是否要求过高了？翻译：Is it too much to expect that, even in this competitive age, a college graduate will live with integrity, civility, even compassion?17) 嘴甜心苦，两面三刀，上头笑着，脚底下使绊子，明是一盆火，暗是一把刀，她全占了。
翻译：She will give you sweet talk when there is hatred in her heart, she is so double-faced and tricky. All the time she is smiling she tries to trip you up, making a show of great warmth while she stabs you in the back. That’s the way she is.从句结构相互转换18) 任何一个人，如果不努力学习新东西，都会被时代所淘汰。
翻译：Any person who fails to master new things will be left behind the times.19) 他患了严重的急性肺炎之后，就奉命退伍了。
翻译：He was invalided( 退役) out of the army because of a nasty attack of acute pneumonia.主动、被动语态保留或转换20) 在任何情况下，中国决不首先使用核武器。
翻译:Under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.21) 在有些欧洲国家里，人民享受最广泛的社会福利，如医疗保险等。
翻译：In some European countries, the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance.22) 没有知识分子，我们的事情就不能做好，所以我们要好好团结、依靠他们、使他们富强起来。
翻译：Without intellectuals, our work cannot be done well, and we should therefore do a good job of uniting with them, relying on them and making them rich.23)据谣言，那场火灾是由于玩忽职守造成的。
翻译：It is rumored that the fire break-out was due to negligence.24)在我们这个时代，任何人都想要在社会上起到所希望的作用，必须接受必要的教育。
随着科学的进步，在中小学开设了越来越多的课程。
与过去相比，现代教育更重视实用性。
翻译：In our times, anyone who wants to play an important role in a society as he wishes must receive necessary education. With the development of science, more courses are offered in primary schools and middle schools. Compared with the education in the past, modern education places its stress on practicality.合句法：利用连词、分词介词、不定式、从句等把汉语短句连成长句25) 中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。
翻译：China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.26) 英联邦各国尤其如此，他们认为英国加入欧共体，将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。
翻译：This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account.27) 我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。
中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻名世界。
翻译：I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.拆译法：按内容层次或从主语变换处，关联词处切断长句。
