华中师范大学(地理复试真题)(汇编)

2003一2013年湖北华中师范大学地理学科考研真题2003年湖北华中师范大学地理学科考研真题一、论述题：每小题20分1、运用地理课程理论，说明现行中学地理课程的基本特征，并结合当前进行的“地理课程改革”，谈谈你的认识；2、以一节中学地理教材为例，说明编制中学地理教材应坚持的基本原则；3、联系实际说明影响学生地理课堂学习动机的主要因素，并论述激发学习动机的基本策略；4、自选一段中学地理教材内容，设计3种或3种以上的教学策略，并说明设计思想（理由）。

二、专业外语(英译汉): 满分20分Water PollutionEverybody needs fresh water. Without water people, animals and plants cannot live. Although a few plants and animals can make do with saltwater, all humans need a constant supply of fresh water if they are to stay fit and healthy. Of the total supply of water on the Earth, only about 3 percent of it is fresh, and most of that is stored as ice and snow at the poles, or is so deep under the surface of the Earth that we cannot get to it. Despite so much of the water being out of reach, we still have a million cubic miles of it that we can use. That's about 4,300,000 cubic kilometers of fresh water to share out between most of the plants, animals and people on the planet.Whether water is clean enough to use, or too polluted depends on many things such as where it is, whether there is enough for everyone to use, what we do with it, and how we deal with the water we have used before we let it run back to join the rivers and lakes.The Developing WorldIn the developing world the biggest problem is the shortage of water and the lack of clean supplies. When water is very scarce people have to make good use of it. That might mean using the same source of water for drinking and cooking, a place to wash, a place to clean clothing, pots and pans and a place to let the farm animals drink as well.The same water is used by many people for many different purposes, and each time the water becomes a little more polluted.Imagine a river that is the only source of water for a series of farming villages along its banks.The people in the first village might be very careful and always get their drinking water from above the village, do all their washing a little further down stream, and let their animals drink in the river as it leaves their village. By being very careful and aware of basic hygiene they can try to stay healthy. They can do very little to protect themselves from dead animals decaying in the river further upstream, or from germs and parasites introduced to the water by wild animals. As the river leaves their village the water will have been polluted by washed bodies, food scraps from washed pots and pans, and body waste from the farm animals and village dwellers. The people in the next village will have to drink this polluted water, and will suffer from the diseases that accompany dirty water.If an animal dies and falls into the only water supply for miles around, the people still have to drink the water. If the water is thick with mud and snails, but is the only water within reach, people have to drink it. Whether the water source is a river, a lake or a well, the problems are similar throughout the developing world&#59; little piped and sterilized water, and not enough water to go round means that the same source has to be used for everything, and the risk of pollution and disease is very high .2013年湖北华中师范大学地理学科考研真题地理科学导论：一、简答题1、杜能学说的意义是什么？2、地球系统演化特征是什么？二、分析题1、简析月球对地球物理过程的影响2、试分析非地带性形成机制，并分析非地带性对社会、经济、文化的影响3、何谓生态文化，中国生态文化区有哪些4、分析可持续发展的原则三、综合论述题1、论述海陆梯度地带性对社会、经济、文化的影响2、现代地理科学面临的挑战是什么？结合十八大报告中提出的建设“美丽中国”，谈谈地理工作者的责任和作用3、阅读以下材料（关于宁波镇海PX项目），论述中国工业化、城镇化过程中如何正确处理经济发展和环境保护的关系。

资料来源：中国教育在线 /
资料来源：中国教育在线 / 一、简答题（共70分——特别提示：在12个简答题中，考生只能任选7个，每题10分。

）
1.简述构造运动的几种方式
2.地球表面的基本特征。

3.地貌对地理环境的影响。

4.河流与自然环境的关系。

（待确定）
5.人文地理学的主要理论。

6.人文地理学的哲学方法论。

7.人们日常的日常行为空间。

8.影响工业分布的重要因素。

9.信息的基本特点……
10.关系数据库的逻辑设计。

11.空间数据库设计的传统模型有哪些及其意义。

12.拓扑关系类型及其意义。

二、论述题（共80分——特别提示：在9个论述题中，考生只能任选4个，每题20分。

）
1.地貌对自然地理环境的影响。

2.谈谈你对全球气候变化的认识。

3.论述自然地域分布规律。

4.结合可持续发展谈我国资源节约型和环境友好型社会建设。

5.说明文化扩散的过程以及与与社会主义新农村文化建设的关系。

6.试说明河流与城市发展的相互关系。

7.GIS 总体设计的主要内容。

（待确定）
8.结合你的专业论述GIS 运用和发展前景。

华中师范大学2003年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（复试）（答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸上无效）考试科目：中国古代文学华中师范大学2003年课程与教学论地理学方向复试试题一论述题：每小题20分1 运用地理课程理论，说明现行中学地理课程的基本特征，并结合当前进行的“地理课程改革”，谈谈你的认识；2 以一节中学地理教材为例，说明编制中学地理教材应坚持的基本原则；3 联系实际说明影响学生地理课堂学习动机的主要因素，并论述激发学习动机的基本策略；4 自选一段中学地理教材内容，设计3种或3种以上的教学策略，并说明设计思想（理由）。

二专业外语(英译汉): 满分20分Water PollutionEverybody needs fresh water. Without water people, animals and plants cannot live. Although a few plants and animals can make do with saltwater, all humans need a constant supply of fresh water if they are to stay fit and healthy. Of the total supply of water on the Earth, only about 3 percent of it is fresh, and most of that is stored as ice and snow at the poles, or is so deep under the surface of the Earth that we cannot get to it. Despite so much of the water being out of reach, we still have a million cubic miles of it that we can use. That's about 4,300,000 cubic kilometers of fresh water to share out between most of the plants, animals and people on the planet.Whether water is clean enough to use, or too polluted depends on many things such as where it is, whether there is enough for everyone to use, what we do with it, and how we deal with the water we have used before we let it run back to join the rivers and lakes.The Developing WorldIn the developing world the biggest problem is the shortage of water and the lack of clean supplies. When water is very scarce people have to make good use of it. That might mean using the same source of water for drinking and cooking, a place to wash, a place to clean clothing, pots and pans and a place to let the farm animals drink as well.。

学问点 2：大气环境以以下图为“某月 19 日 18 时澳大利亚海平面等压线分布图”。

读图答复1~2 题。

1.该月最可能是( )A.3 月B.6 月C.8 月D.10 月2.此时,澳大利亚( )A.①地天高云淡B.②地干热风大C.③地南风暴雨D.④地北风炎热以以下图为某地近地面垂直方向气温、气压分布示意图(图中虚线为等温线、实线为等压线)。

完成 3-4 题。

3.假设该地位于我国西北沙漠地区,则其成因和空气垂直运动正确的选项是( )A.动力辐合上升B.热力辐合上升C.动力下沉辐散D.热力下沉辐散4.易形成这种大气物理状况的是( )A.夏季白天的内陆湖面B.冬季晴朗夜晚的谷底C.夏季晴朗白天的郊区D.冬季暖流流经的海面读全国某日降水量分布图(图 1)和不同日期某时刻海平面气压分布图(单位:百帕)(图 2),答复5-6 题。

5.在形成图1 所示降水分布状况的当天,最有可能消灭的气压场分布形势是( )A.甲B.乙C.丙D.丁6.图2 中所示的气压场分布形势,最可能消灭在我国冬季的是( )A.甲B.乙C.丙D.丁以以下图为“2023年 5 月 10 日 2 时亚洲局部地区海平面气压形势图”。

读图答复7-8 题。

7.该日,甲地政府部门可能公布( )A.台风预警B.森林火灾预警C.寒潮预警D.滑坡、泥石流预警8.北京市将来两天的天气状况可能是( )A.雨过天晴,气温将显著上升C.降雨后,可吸入颗粒物削减B.气压下降,消灭连续性降水D.风向转为偏南风,风速降低以以下图为北半球某日 02 时海平面气压分布图(单位:百帕).读图,答复第 9-10 题。

9.据图推断( )A.北京风速大,风向偏东南C.极地气温低,气压值最高10.依据气压分布,该日最接近( ) B.甲地可能消灭强降水天气D.热带太平洋洋面生成台风A.冬至B.小满C.夏至D.立秋我国某地为保证葡萄植株安全越冬,承受双层覆膜技术(两层覆膜间留有确定空间),效果显著。

重要考点：可持续发展、水资源、地域分异规律、气候特征、人口、南水北调（中线）、旅游、城镇化、土地退化、灾害、胡焕庸线、海洋、能源、地理格局、植物土壤、土地利用、空气污染重点区域：青藏高原、华北、东北、长江中下游、中部、新疆、内蒙古、黄土高原第二章中国地理景观格局及其演变第一节大地构造与地貌格局1.大地构造格局显著特点一是线性构造密集的地带地壳活动强烈，线性构造不发育的地区地壳活动相对稳定。

二是山地、高原、盆地、平原等主要地貌单元的排列具有一定的方向性，边界与主要构造线吻合，且具有一定的几何形态。

2.中国地势基本特征：地势高，高差巨大，地表起伏度大，西高东低，呈阶梯状分布。

3.地势高大的地理意义①西高东低的地势趋向，使得水循环呈反时针方向，加强了东部季风的大陆性；控制着大河的走向；便于东西航运②地形阶梯的变化，使得中国水力资源丰富，便于水能梯级开发；同时边坡山地也成为交通开发的地热障碍③地势高及起伏较大的区域影响各不相同。

三大自然区差异加大；形成了典型的垂直带谱，呈现出多样化第二节季风气候与水热结构1.中国气候基本特征：大陆性季风显著①冬夏盛行风向随季节变化，特别是随季风的进退，降水有明显的季节性变化②大陆性强，气温年较差大，降水集中于夏季③雨热同季，利于农牧业生产，但降水不稳定，加剧旱涝等气象灾害发生的频率和影响范围2.青藏高原的空间特征：面积大、高度大、中低纬度。

3.青藏高原的动力作用1）对季风的分支作用青藏高原北部对冬季风分支的分点在95 E附近，冷空气堆积并分化为两支:一支沿阿尔金山成东风吹入塔里木盆地；另一支则沿着祁连山成西或偏西北风吹向河西走廊，顺地势南下，形成冬季风通道，加剧了冬季风向东南的势力。

夏季，西南季风抵达孟加拉湾再向北推进时，碰到青藏高原，即分为东、西两支：一支沿喜马拉雅山转为东风向西吹去；另一支则沿着山脉的走向流向我国西南地区，加剧藏东南水汽通道作用，使高原边缘降水增多，并进而因雨影作用使高原内部干旱加剧。

答题要求：1、总分100分。

2、答卷要求打印。

无条件打印者，必须卷面整洁，字迹清楚；3、论述题的回答每个不得少于1500字，且必须条理清晰、观点明确、言之成理、持之有据，重要参考文献须注明。

一、将下面的英文翻译成中文（20分）The period from the fifth to the fifteenth century was one of sporadic and limited geographic work in Europe. Elsewhere，however，especially in the Islamic world and China，geography flowered. Again，what we find is a close relationship between geography on the one hand and societies experiencing expansion，and hence a thirst for geographic knowledge，on the other.Medieval Europeans knew little beyond their immediate domain as geographic horizons retreated and mapping deteriorated. Many of the advances made by the Greeks were lost and it was only in monasteries that serious geographic work continued. During the Middle Ages，geography as such no longer existed；the word “geography” did not enter the English language until the sixteenth cegogo. Greek maps were drawn by scholars with expertise in astronomy，geometry，and mathematics. Medieval map makers，although scholarly，are less easily described. Their maps were symbolic，not geographic. They stylized geographic reality to arrive at a predetermined desired structure. These maps are less detailed and accurate than maps produced some 1，500 years earlier. The best example is the twelfth to the fifteenth century's T-O maps，which are a T drawn within an O. T-O maps show the world as a circle divided by aT-shaped body of water. East is at the top of the map. Above the T is Asia，below left is Europe，and below right is Africa. The cross of the T is the Danube——Nile axis and the perpendicular part of the T is the Mediterranean. These maps are ones of scriptural dogma；what was drawn was what Christians were expected to believe. Symbols triumphed over facts. A second type of medieval map divided the world int0 climatic zones，largely hypothetical，on either side of the equator. Other medieval maps were replete with decoration；the Ebstorf Mappemonde （c.1284）had as background a picture of the crucifixion，while the Hereford map （c. 1 300）is really an encyclopedia. Overall，medieval maps reflect medieval European geography，which，in turn，reflects medieval scholarship. Possibly the exceptions are the maps known as Portolano charts，which date from about 1300. These maps were used at sea and utilized a series of radiating lines. The lines did not serve to locate positions on the map，nor did the maps use any projection. Nevertheless these maps often succeeded in locating coastlines accurately.Medieval Europeans made very few additions to geographic knowledge. Norsemen sailed to Greenland and North America，but no books resulted. Christian Europeans indulged in a series of crusades and military invasions to the Holy Land，but the result，as far as geographic knowledge was concerned，was minimal. The most significant exploratory journey was that of Marco Polo （1254-1323），a Venetian who visited China and wrote a description of the places he visited. However，Marco Polo was unable to add to Greek knowledge because he was largely unaware ofit. The distinction is not always an easy one，but Marco Polo was an explorer，not a geographer. It was outside Europe that the major geographic advances took place during the period after the Greeks and prior to the fifteenth century. Two contributions need to be noted.In China，a great civilization，clearly the parent of contemporary China，developed before 2000 BC. The longest-lasting civilization in the world，China inevitably made major contributions to geographic knowledge. Chinese writings describing their known world date back to at least the fifth century BC. The Chinese also explored and described areas beyond China；in 128 BC，for example，Chang Chi…en discovered the Mediterranean region，described his travels，and initiated a trade route. Other Chinese geographers reached India，central Asia，Rome，and Paris. Indeed，Chinese travelers reached Europe prior to the travels of Marco Polo. There is one important aspect in which early Chinese geography differed from the European equivalent. It is a difference of geographic perspective，that is，a different way of looking at the world. Traditionally，Chinese culture views the individual as a part of nature whereas Greek and subsequent European culture typically view the individual as apart from nature. This distinction is closely tied to the differing attitudes incorporated in Confucianism （which dates from about the sixth century BC）and Christianity. Given the concern with humans and land as one，it is evident that Chinese descriptive geographies often focused on an integrated human and physical description. Maps were also central to geography in China. There is evidence of a grid system used during the Han dynasty （third century BC to third century AD）。

学问点 3：地表形态的塑造以以下图为某次地质野外考察时拍摄的照片。

照片中界面M 之上的“甲”是一水平岩层,界面 M 之下的“乙”是一向斜,“丙”是地表沟谷,N 是岩层层面。

读图答复 1~2 题。

1.界面M 反映的地质含义不同于N 的是( )A.沉积物变化2.该区域( )B.古气候变化C.古环境变化D.构造运动变化A.甲抬升前持续承受沉积C.乙形成后经受长期侵蚀B.乙形成时代晚于甲岩层D.丙是背斜受侵蚀的结果以以下图为某湖泊区域地质构造示意图。

图中等值线为该区域250 万年以来沉积物等厚度线。

完成 3-4 题。

3.该湖湖盆形成主要因( )A.风化侵蚀B.搬运沉积C.构造抬升D.断裂下陷4.在外力作用下,该湖盆区的湖泊最简洁形成陆地的是( )A.甲B.乙C.丙D.丁图 1 为全球海陆分布及六大板块分布示意图。

图2 为四种板块边界类型示意图。

完成5-6 题。

5.图 1 中四地与图 2 板块边界类型对应正确的选项是( )A.①一甲②一丙③一乙④一丁C.①一丙②一甲③一乙④ 一丙B.①一乙②一丁③一甲④一丙D.①一丁②一乙③一甲④一丙6.图 1 中四海疆,由于上升流形成渔场的是( )A.①B.②C.③D.④某中学开展研学活动.在晋陕间黄河峡谷某地段魂察地质地貌景观。

以以下图为黄河峡谷地貌景观。

在峡谷西侧的大路边观看由黄土层、砂砾石层和砂页岩层构成的地层剖面。

在峡谷东侧的峭壁上砚察到砂页岩层中的褶皱构造。

完成7-8 题。

7. 此地地层和地质构造的形成时间,从老到的挨次为( )A.①②③④B.④③①②C.②①④③D.③④②①8.此地地层与构造的形成与黄河有关的是( ) A.①B.②C.③D.④以以下图示意某河流上游河段的单侧断面。

该河段两岸依次分布着海拔不同的四个平坦面T 、 0T1、T 、T ,平坦面上均积存着河流沉积砾石。

砾石的平均砾径T >T >T >T 。

洪水期河水23321仅能漂移T 。

华中师范⼤学2009-2012年地理初试+复试真题2009华中师范⼤学城环院《中国地理》试题⼀、简答（本⼤题共60分，每⼩题15分）1、中国的⼈⽂景观分布特点和空间特征。

2、谈谈你对振兴东北⽼⼯业基地的对策和思路。

3、晋陕内蒙古区⼟地退化原因及对策。

4、影响⾼新技术产业布局的因素和中国⾼新技术产业空间特征。

⼆、综合题（本⼤题共90分，第1、2、3题，每题20分，第4题30分）1、何谓两型社会？并对长江中下游发展两型社会说说你的对策和思路。

2、中国⾃然灾害的区域差异以及形成原因。

3、结合西北区的地理特征结合西部⼤开发试说明环境保护与经济发展的关系。

4、黄淮海平原发展及农业治理与开发中的核⼼问题，形成原因以及农业结构调整⽅向。

2010年中国地理试题⼀简答：每题15分1、中国的地表结构对⾃然景观观地域分异的影响2、结合中国⼈⼝的基本特点谈谈计划⽣育政策改⾰⽅向3、东北区发展农业的优势4、新疆的地理环境特点及其⾃然优势⼆、分析题1、何谓低碳经济？结合中国能源及其能源⼯业特点，分析中国发展低碳经济的必要性和主要任务？20分2、西南区环境相对闭塞的原因，谈谈其对外开放对策？20分3、结合中国旅游类型结构和空间结构特点，分析中国旅游业特点及其存在问题和对策？25分4、“中部崛起”的“中部”包括哪些省份？中部的经济地理特征及其在中国区域协调发展中的地位和作⽤？25 2011年中国地理试题⼀，简答题（每题15分）1，谈谈我国⽔资源时空分布特点，以及其对农业发展的影响2，我国⾼速公路发展的特点，指向因素，发展趋势3，我国主要⾃然灾害的种类，以及地域差异4，青藏⾼原对周边地区的影响5，简述⼴西北部湾与珠江三⾓洲发展条件的异同⼆，论述题（每题25分）1，什么是循环经济，结合我国实际情况谈谈其意义以及主要任务2，谈谈长江流域经济发展⽔平的空间地域差异，并⽤经济地理学理论分析其原因3，城市群已不仅仅是发展趋势更是发展战略，分析其结构特征及综合效应2012年中国地理试题⼀、简答题（本⼤题共7分，每⼩题15分）1、简述中国⽓候的基本特征及其对我国旱涝灾害的影响。

华中师范大学中国地理（06—12）、地理科学导论（10—12）等真题部分复试题目★初试：●2006——2012 中国地理▼2006年中国地理一、简答题：（共30分）1、简述青藏区的气候特点（15分）2、华北区水资源短缺的主要表现有哪些？你认为应该如何解决华北区的水资源的短缺问题二、论述题：（共120分）1、纬度地带性有哪些主要表现特征？2、中国气候的基本特征？（共30分）3、东北区的重工业基地主要有哪些？党中央提出的振兴东北区老工业基地的战略具有哪些现实意义？（共30分）4、试述长江中下游区的区域发展战略布局。

▼2007 中国地理一、简答（本大题共60分，每小题15分）1、我国人口的基本特点。

2、北京经济发展的制约因素。

3、东南区的区域范围与资源、环境特点及简要评价。

4、我国后备耕地资源的分布特点。

二、综合题（本大题共90分，第6、7、8题，每题20分，第9题30分）5、试述南水北调中线工程的作用及其可能引起的环境效应。

6、试述我国风景旅游资源的类型结构和空间结构。

7、试述长江中下游区工业发展特点和主要工业基地建设。

8、试述经济区、经济区类型以及我国七大综合经济区中“中部五省经济区”的主要特点，并论述中央关于促进中部崛起战略的现实意义。

▼2008 中国地理1.近百年来，我国气候变化趋势极其主要影响因素。

15’2.我国水资源与人口，耕地，矿产资源匹配组合特点。

15’3.区域规划含义，以及自然结构对生产力布局的影响。

15’4.长江中下游湖群分区以及水资源的主要特点。

15’5论述近年我国村镇建设的发展变化与今后建设发展目标。

30’6试分析长江中下游区区域发展条件，并论述本区主要生态问题和进行生态环境建设的基本策略30’7论述东北区的资源优势和东北区工农业基地建设30’▼2009 中国地理一、简答(本大题共60分,每小题15分)1.中国的人文景观分布特点和空间特征。

2.谈谈你对振兴东北老工业基地的对策和思路。