高中动词ing形式的被动语态教案优选稿
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现在进行时的被动语态教案第一章:引言1.1 目的通过本章学习,使学生掌握现在进行时的被动语态结构,并能够正确运用该语法知识进行日常交流。
1.2 教学内容现在进行时被动语态的结构:am/is/are being + 过去分词现在进行时被动语态的用法第二章:现在进行时被动语态的结构2.1 目的通过本章学习,使学生能够掌握现在进行时被动语态的结构。
2.2 教学内容介绍现在进行时被动语态的结构:am/is/are being + 过去分词举例说明现在进行时被动语态的构成及用法第三章:现在进行时被动语态的用法3.1 目的通过本章学习,使学生能够理解现在进行时被动语态的用法。
3.2 教学内容解释现在进行时被动语态表示的动作正在进行中,强调动作的承受者举例说明现在进行时被动语态在实际语境中的应用第四章:现在进行时被动语态的练习4.1 目的通过本章练习,使学生能够巩固现在进行时被动语态的知识。
4.2 教学内容提供练习题,让学生填空、改写句子等,运用现在进行时被动语态学生互相练习,教师进行点评和指导5.1 目的5.2 教学内容提供一些实际情境,让学生运用现在进行时被动语态进行交流第六章:现在进行时被动语态的语法规则6.1 目的通过本章学习,使学生能够了解现在进行时被动语态的语法规则。
6.2 教学内容解释现在进行时被动语态的构成规则,如be动词的变形和过去分词的formation强调现在进行时被动语态在句子中的语态和时态特点第七章:现在进行时被动语态的常用表达7.1 目的通过本章学习,使学生能够掌握现在进行时被动语态的常用表达。
7.2 教学内容介绍现在进行时被动语态中常用的短语和表达方式举例说明这些表达方式在实际语境中的应用第八章:现在进行时被动语态的实践应用8.1 目的通过本章学习,使学生能够将现在进行时被动语态应用到实际情境中。
8.2 教学内容提供一些实际情境,让学生运用现在进行时被动语态进行交流和表达学生分组讨论,进行角色扮演,模拟实际场景第九章:现在进行时被动语态的复习与测试9.1 目的通过本章复习,使学生巩固现在进行时被动语态的知识,并检测学习效果。
要点语法复习被动语态合用英语合用年级高三学科合用全国人教版课不时长2 课时地区(分钟)知识被动语态的与主动语态的差别点被动语态的组成主动语态变被动语态的方法主动表示被动的几种状况教课知识:1. 掌握被动语态的观点、构造和用法。
目标2. 掌握主动变被动的方法。
3. 掌握主动表示被动的几种状况。
方法:要切记被动语态的组成,主动变被动的方法,主动表示被动的几种状况,并能灵巧运用。
能力:能经过语境剖析出正确的语态。
教课1. 被动语态的应用。
要点2. 主动表示被动的几种状况。
教课1. 时态和语态的联合使用。
难点2. 主动表示被动的几种状况。
教课过程一、讲堂导入本单元我们将在原有知识的基础上学习新的单词和词组,扩大词汇量和知识面,进一步提升英语水平。
英语学习需要从“听闻读写”各个方面着手,提升整体运用能力。
二、复习预习教师指引学生复习上节课重难点,并引入本节课程内容。
由主动语态引出被动语态。
词语辨析1. personal / private / individual2. after all/above all/at all/in all3. type / kind /sort第 1 页4. deal with/do with词形变化1.explore vt. & vi. 勘探; 探测; 探险exploration n. 勘探 ; 探测; 探险exploratory adj. 勘探的 ; 探测的 ; 探究的2. universe n. 宇宙; 世界 universal adj. 全体的 ; 共同的 ;广泛的;宇宙的3. appear v. 出现;展现; 体现appearance n. 出现;展现; 体现外表; 相貌; 外观要点单词1. sum n. 金额; 款项;总数;总和2. advantage n优. 点;优势;有益条件3. goal n. 球门;进球得的分;目标4. signal n. 信号, 手势, 声音, 暗号 v.发信号 ; 用信号传达 ; 用信号与⋯⋯通信5. arise vi.(arose, arisen)出现;发生要点词组1. in common 共同的;共有的;共用的2. in a/one way 在某种程度上 , 从某种意义上说3. watch over 看守;监督; 照看4. make up 化妆;化妆;假造,虚假(故事,诗等)要点句子1. By the1940s 工 had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if Iwould grow larger!第 2 页2. However,this reality also worried my designers三、知识解说知识点1主动语态和被动语态的差别:1.Many people speak Chinese.2. Chinese is spoken by many people.1 句是主动语态,表示主语是动作的履行者。
教学过程一、复习预习一、概念1、v-ing形式的种类功用和各种形式:V-ing 包括动名词和现在分词两种,分别可作:主语、宾语、表语; 动名词定语、状语、宾/主语补足语现在分词注意:其否定形式是在其前边加:not/never.其各种形式如下表:被动式用法及种类当v-in g与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时,要用其被动式, v-ing的被动式有两种:一般被动式:being done;完成被动式:having been done; V-ing形式的被动式包括动名词被动式和现在分词的被动式两种;二、知识讲解考点/易错点1动名词的被动式动名词的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语,且在句中只表被动,不表进行;1、作主语So being killed by sharks was a common thing. 因此被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事;Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing.在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事;Being exposed to the sun does harm to health.暴漏在阳光下对身体有害;The president’s being killed led to serious consequences.总统被杀导致了严重后果;2、作宾语V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语;He was afraid of _________________ abandon by did it without ___________ ask You can’t eat anything before _____________operate onI remember having been told the story.3、作表语What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.使孩子最为担心的是他不被允许到医院看母亲;What I hate most is ________________ laugh atThe problem is for from _______________ settle注意:①动名词的被动式作主语和表语时,常用其一般式being done,不习惯用完成式;但作宾语时,若其动作发生谓语动词之前或强调动作已经发生,可用其完成式having been done;如:I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad.我很感激能被给与到国外留学的机会;②动名词的被动式在句中作主、宾、表时,其特点是只表被动,不表进行;③动名词的被动式作主、宾、表时,有时可采用其复合结构形式,即:名词所有格/形容性物主代词+ being done;如:Tom’s being admitted to college is a big surprise for us.汤姆被大学入取让我们很是惊讶;The discovery of new evidence led to his being caught.新证据的发现导致他被捕;现在分词的被动式现在分词的被动式常句中作宾补和定语,一般不作状语除个别情形例外;在句中既表被动又表进行.1、作宾补现在分词的被动式being done作宾补时,表示正在进行的被动的动作,常与感官动词连用;I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom.You’ll find the topic _______________ discuss everywhere now.As we approached the village we saw new houses _____________ build注意:与过去分词作宾补的区别:过去分词作宾补表示动作已完成.2、作定语现在分词的被动式being done作定语时时,表示正在进行的被动的动作;The meeting ______________ discuss now is very important.He asked who was the girl _____________ operateon in the operating room.注意:①现在分词的被动式作后置定语时,表示正在进行的被动的动作;过去分词作后置定语表示已经发生的被动的动作;不定式的被动式作后置定语表示未发生或即将发生的被动的动作;如:a meeting being held now 正在被举行的会议a meeting heldyesterday 昨天举行的会议a meeting to be held tomorrow 明天将举行的会议②现在分词的被动完成式having been done 不能做定语和宾补;The building having been built last year ×The building built last year √We found him having been killed. ×We found him killed √考点/易错点2现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语当分词与句子的主语构成被动关系,且此分词动作明确地发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间或持续发生多次时可用现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语;Having been shown around the classroom, we were taken to visit the lab.被领着参观了教室后,我们又被带着参观了实验室;Having been told the news, they put off the trip.被告知此消息后,他们取消了这次旅;Having been separated for many years by the war, they couldn’t recognize each other. 因战争而分离多年后,他们都认不出对方了;Having been told many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do it.尽管被告知多次了,那个小男孩他仍然不知如何去做;注意:①若分词有自己独立的主语可构成独立主格结构;The work having been done,they left the office.All the exam papers having been handed in, the teacher sent the students home.②在这种独立主格结构中,用现在分词的被动完成式形式与用过去分词形式差别不大;而为了简洁,习惯采用过去分词形式,如上面两句常表达成:The work done,they left the office.All the exam papers handed in, the teacher sent the students home.注意:过去分词作状语与现在分词的被动完成式的区别:二者作状语时,都表示与句子的主语构成被动关系,区别不大,可以互换;但是在这种情况下,为了简洁,还是习惯采用过去分词形式作状语;Asked=Having been asked to work overtime,I missed a wonderful film.由于昨晚被要求加班,我错过了一场精彩的电影;Polluted =Having been polluted seriously, the water in the river was not safe to drink.但是如果强调分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前或强调分词动作持续发生多次发或持续一段时间还是习惯采用现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语,但终归区别还是不大;Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.尽管被告诉了多次,他还是犯同样的错误;考点/易错点3动名词的主动形式表被动意义①在want,need,require,deserve等动词之后作宾语时,常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义;②在beworth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义;His suggestion is worth considering.③在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语;如:We don’t allow smoking here. 我们不允许在这儿抽烟We don’t allow students to smoke here.我们不允许学生抽烟三、例题精析例题1题干_______ to sunlight for too much tim e will do harm to one’s skin. 上海, 2002 A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposeD. After being exposed答案C解析本句中expose与one's skin是动宾关系,根据句意,应该是皮肤被暴露在阳光下,所以要用动词-ing形式的被动形式作主语,故答案为C;例题2题干The bird ___ escaped. I didn’t mind at home.答案being caught being left解析V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语;例题3题干_________ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film.A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. Been toldD. Telling答案A解析先被告诉了故事的内容再决定不去看电影,分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前四、课堂运用基础1. ________ that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain.A. Having toldB. Having been toldC. TellD. Telling2.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ________.A. catchingB. to be caughtC. being caughtD. to catch答案:A C解析:1.动名词的完成被动式表示非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前;2.被抓住,所以用动名词的一般被动式巩固1.________ many times, he finally understood it.B. TellingC. Having toldD. Having been told2. Your car needs ____________fill. 你这车要充气This city deserves _____________visit. 这座城市值得光顾一下;The problem requires ___________ studycarefully.这个问题需要认真研究;The trees want ___________ water.这些树需要浇水了;答案:2.filling visiting studying watering解析:1尽管被告诉了多次,他还是犯同样的错误;被告诉发生在犯错误之前2.在want,need,require,deserve等动词之后作宾语时,常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义;拔高1. __________ by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.A. Having been misunderstood misunderstoodC. Having understoodD. Misunderstood2. Tony was very unhappy for _________ to the party. 2000, 上海A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC. having not invitedD. not having been invite3The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _________ at the end of last March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launchedD. to be launched 答案:解析:现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语,当分词与句子的主语构成被动关系,且此分词动作明确地发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间或持续发生多次时可用现在分词的被动完成式having been done 作状语;课程小结1、V-ing的一般被动式being done可作主语、宾语、表语、后置定语、补语,一般不作状语; 作主语、宾语、表语时是动名词的用法,只表被动不表进行;作后置定语、宾/主补语时是现在分词的用法,既表被动又表进行;2、现在分词的被动完成式having been done,只表被动不表进行,可作宾语和状语,表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作;3、V-ing的一般被动式being done一般不用作状语,因为过去分词形式已经替代它作了状语;所以像这句话:Being badly wounded, the whale soon died.这种表达不常见,习惯性表达是把Being去掉, 而且这种表达也不作为考试测试中的依据;课后作业基础请看下列句子,看看动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分;1. So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.2. He didn’t mind being left at home.3. That building being repaired is our library.4. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.5. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away巩固将下列句子翻译成英语;1. 他受不了别人那样开他的玩笑;2. 这问题远远没有解决;3. 没有谁请他做,是他自己做的;4. 在动手术之前你不能吃任何东西;5. 既然已做出了决定,下个问题就是如何制定一个好的计划;拔高改错Losing in thought, he went to home at night. Walking on a dark road, His head was hit by a fallen glass. His head was badly injured. Having suffering the great pain, he went to the hospital at once. Having trained for a week, he wentill. Now he still regrets to walk carelessly.答案基础1主语2宾语3定语4状语5状语巩固1. He could not bear being made fun of like that.2. This question is far from being settled.3. He did it without being asked.4. You can’t eat anything before being operated on.5. The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a goodplan拔高.1. losing--- lost2. he walking3. having 删除4. having been trained5. walking。
教学过程一、复习预习一、概念1、v-ing 形式的种类功用和各种形式:V-ing 包括动名词和现在分词两种,分别可作:主语、宾语、表语; (动名词)定语、状语、宾/主语补足语 (现在分词)注意:其否定形式是在其前边加:not/never.其各种形式如下表:2. V-ing 形式的被动式用法及种类当v-in g 与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时,要用其被动式, v-ing 的被动式有两种:一般被动式:being done ;完成被动式:having been done; V-ing 形式的被动式包括动名词被动式和现在分词的被动式两种。
二、知识讲解考点/易错点1动名词的被动式动名词的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语,且在句中只表被动,不表进行。
1、作主语So being killed by sharks was a common thing. 因此被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。
Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing.在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事。
Being exposed to the sun does harm to health.暴漏在阳光下对身体有害。
The president’s being killed led to serious consequences.总统被杀导致了严重后果。
2、作宾语V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。
He was afraid of _________________ (abandon) by us.He did it without ___________ (ask)You can’t eat anything before _____________(operate on)I remember having been told the story.3、作表语What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.使孩子最为担心的是他不被允许到医院看母亲。
高中英语被动语态教学设计一、教学任务及对象1、教学任务本教学设计的任务是针对高中英语被动语态的教学。
被动语态是英语语法的重要组成部分,对于提高学生的英语阅读理解能力和书面表达能力具有重要意义。
通过本节课的学习,学生将掌握被动语态的构成、用法以及在实际语境中的应用,培养学生在口语和写作中正确运用被动语态的能力。
2、教学对象本节课的教学对象为高中一年级的学生。
经过初中阶段的学习,他们已经具备了一定的英语基础,但在被动语态方面,可能还存在理解不透彻、运用不熟练等问题。
因此,本教学设计将从学生的实际出发,采用生动、形象的教学方法,帮助他们更好地理解和掌握被动语态。
同时,针对不同学生的学习能力、兴趣和需求,设计分层教学活动,使每个学生都能在课堂上获得提高。
二、教学目标1、知识与技能(1)理解被动语态的定义,掌握被动语态的构成及其用法;(2)能够正确运用被动语态进行句子转换,提高英语句式表达的丰富性;(3)能够运用被动语态进行日常口语交流,提高口语表达能力;(4)能够在写作中灵活运用被动语态,提高书面表达能力。
2、过程与方法(1)通过教师引导、实例讲解,使学生掌握被动语态的基本知识;(2)运用互动讨论、小组合作等教学活动,让学生在实践中掌握被动语态的运用;(3)采用情境教学法,创设生活场景,让学生在真实语境中运用被动语态;(4)通过课后练习和拓展阅读,巩固所学知识,提高学生的自主学习能力。
3、情感,态度与价值观(1)激发学生对英语学习的兴趣,培养他们积极的学习态度;(2)鼓励学生主动参与课堂活动,培养合作精神,增强团队意识;(3)引导学生关注语言学习中的文化差异,培养跨文化交际能力;(4)培养学生善于发现、总结、反思的学习习惯,提高解决问题的能力;(5)通过学习被动语态,使学生认识到语言学习是一个长期的过程,需要持之以恒的努力和积累。
在本节课的教学过程中,教师将关注学生的知识掌握、技能提升以及情感、态度与价值观的培养。
非谓语动词————动词-ing形式一、教学目标1、掌握现在分词的四种基本形式。
2、掌握现在分词的时态及语态。
3、掌握现在分词的基本用法及在句中所作的成分。
二、教学重难点1、分清现在分词在句中所作成分。
2、现在分词时态和语态的选择。
3、动词-ing作状语与独立主格结构的区别。
三、教学过程(一)、导入非谓语动词定义:不能作谓语,但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式(没有人称和数的变化,有时态和语态的变化),主要有动词不定式,动名词及分词。
Eg: To see is to believe.Reading makes a full man.Barking dogs don’t bite.(二)、教学步骤动词-ing 形式时态语态主动语态被动语态现在时doing being done完成时having done having been done其否定式在肯定形式前加not动词-ing 形式时态及语态1、现在时, 表泛指的时间,不明确发生在过去现在还是将来,或表与谓语动词同时发生。
Being careless is not a good habit, whatever you do.The children surrounded the teacher, listening attentively to her story.I don’t like being laughed at in public, and I’m sure no one would do so.2、完成式,表动作发生在谓语动词前。
Having lived in New York for years, I know each part of it very well.I am very pleased at your having been chosen a member of the school volleyball team.动词-ing形式可作成分动词-ing 形式具有名词、代词、形容词、副词等特征可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、主补、定语、状语。
统一教育学科教师个性化授课教案讲义编号: J H R 教务主任审核签字27. Most of the artists ______ to the party 'were from South Africa.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. had been invited28. English is a language ______ in many countries.A. spokenB. speakingC. be spokenD. to speak29. "Can you read?" Mary said to the notice.A. angrily, pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily, pointedD. and angrilypointing30. There was a terrible noise _______ the sudden burst of Tight.A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed31. ____ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given32. _____their students, the famous teacher came into the hall.A. FollowedB. Followed byC. Being followedD. Having been followed33. Your flat needs _____ . Would you like me it for you?A. to clean, to doB. cleaning, doingC. cleaning, to doD. to be cleaned, doing34. Does your new secretary ____ short hand?A. know to takeB. know how to takeC. know how takeD. know how taking35. Tommy had his big brother _____ his shoes for him.A. to tieB. tieC. tiedD. tying36. Would you please ______ write on the textbooks?A. don'tB. not toC. notD. to not37. I'd ______ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary.A. rather not haveB. rather not to haveC. not rather hadD. rather not having38. Your mother and I are looking forward________ you.A. of seeingB. for seeingC. to seeD. to seeing39. The girl couldn't_____ how red his face was.A. help to noticeB. be helping to noticeC. be helping noticingD. help noticing40. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature ______.A. takingB. to takeC. takeD. taken1~5 CDDAB6~10 BAACB11~15 BCADC16~20 BCCDB21~25 CDDAD 26~30 DAAAB 31~35 ABCBB 36~40 CADDD。
被动语态教案(共五则范文)第一篇:被动语态教案Teaching Plan Teaching Contents Passive Voice Teaching Aims 1.Knowledge aims: To make the students understand the passive voice.2.Ability aims: To let the students use the passive voice correctly.3.Emotion aims: To cultivate students teamwork spirit Teaching Important Points 1.To master the passive voice correctly.2.To let the students use the passive voice freely.Teaching Difficult PointsThe students can understand the passive voice correctly and master some sentence structure correctly Teaching Methods 1.Explanation 2.White-board 3.Pair-work Group-work Teaching Procedures Step 1 Preparation1.Greet the students with each other.2.Review all the tenses that have learnt.Step II Presentation1.英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如:Many people speak Chinese.谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
高中英语被动语态教案【篇一:高中英语被动语态学案】被动语态一导入新课:阅读下面的一段文章,注意所用的语态。
it’s very important for us to protect the environment. every day many trees are cut down. waste is thrown away. the air is polluted. waste water is poured into rivers. wild animals are killed……1.一般现在时的被动语态结构: ________【对点训练】1).cameras _________ (use) for taking photos.2.) the toys in the supermarket ________ (make) in china.2一般过去时的被动语态结构: ________.eg a new machine1) our school has a long history. and it ___________ (build) in 1958.2) the book _____________ (write) by him last year.3.一般将来时的被动语态结构: ___________eg. a new film next week1).the hard work ________(finish) tomorrow and then we’ll have a two-day off.2).a party _____________(hold) for grandma’s birthday next week4.过去将来时的被动语态结构: __________he told us that the new railway 5.现在进行时的被动语态结构:_________eg the child a new cinema_________ now.(build)6.过去进行时的被动语态结构_________eg the railway this time last year.a meeting_________( hold) when i was there.7.现在完成时的被动语态结构______eg the boy to work for five years.the new railway____ already____ ____ (build).8.过去完成时______eg by the end of last year, another new gymthe newrailway______ (build) by the end of last year9.带有情态动词的被动语态: _________1).waste paper into the paper basket.2).everything 1)english _________________(learn) well. 英语必须被学好.2) the raising of the flag can _________ (see) every morning at tiananmen square.二.被动语态的定义,结构和用法:1被动语态定义:被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
教学过程一、复习预习一、概念1、v-ing形式的种类功用和各种形式:V-ing 包括动名词和现在分词两种,分别可作:主语、宾语、表语; (动名词)定语、状语、宾/主语补足语 (现在分词)注意:其否定形式是在其前边加:not/never.其各种形式如下表:2.V-ing形式的被动式用法及种类当v-in g与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时,要用其被动式, v-ing的被动式有两种:一般被动式:being done;完成被动式:having been done; V-ing形式的被动式包括动名词被动式和现在分词的被动式两种。
二、知识讲解考点/易错点1动名词的被动式动名词的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语,且在句中只表被动,不表进行。
1、作主语So being killed by sharks was a common thing. 因此被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。
Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing.在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事。
Being exposed to the sun does harm to health.暴漏在下对身体有害。
The president’s being killed led to serious consequences.总统被杀导致了严重后果。
2、作宾语V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。
He was afraid of _________________ (abandon) by us.He did it without ___________ (ask)You can’t eat anything before _____________(operate on)I remember having been told the story.3、作表语What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.使孩子最为担心的是他不被允许到医院看母亲。
高中动词i n g形式的被动语态教案内部编号:(YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128)教学过程一、复习预习一、概念1、v-ing形式的种类功用和各种形式:V-ing 包括动名词和现在分词两种,分别可作:主语、宾语、表语; (动名词)定语、状语、宾/主语补足语 (现在分词)注意:其否定形式是在其前边加:not/never.其各种形式如下表:2. V-ing形式的被动式用法及种类当v-in g与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时,要用其被动式, v-ing的被动式有两种:一般被动式:being done;完成被动式:having been done; V-ing形式的被动式包括动名词被动式和现在分词的被动式两种。
二、知识讲解考点/易错点1动名词的被动式动名词的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语,且在句中只表被动,不表进行。
1、作主语So being killed by sharks was a common thing. 因此被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。
Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing.在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事。
Being exposed to the sun does harm to health.暴漏在阳光下对身体有害。
The president’s being killed led to serious consequences.总统被杀导致了严重后果。
2、作宾语V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。
He was afraid of _________________ (abandon) by us.He did it without ___________ (ask)You can’t eat anything before _____________(operate on)I remember having been told the story.3、作表语What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.使孩子最为担心的是他不被允许到医院看母亲。
What I hate most is ________________ (laugh at)The problem is for from _______________ (settle)注意:①动名词的被动式作主语和表语时,常用其一般式(being done),不习惯用完成式;但作宾语时,若其动作发生谓语动词之前或强调动作已经发生,可用其完成式(having been done)。
如:I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad.我很感激能被给与到国外留学的机会。
②动名词的被动式在句中作主、宾、表时,其特点是只表被动,不表进行。
③动名词的被动式作主、宾、表时,有时可采用其复合结构形式,即:名词所有格/形容性物主代词+ being done。
如:Tom’s being admitted to college is a big surprise for us.汤姆被大学入取让我们很是惊讶。
The discovery of new evidence led to his being caught.新证据的发现导致他被捕。
现在分词的被动式现在分词的被动式常句中作宾补和定语,一般不作状语(除个别情形例外);在句中既表被动又表进行.1、作宾补现在分词的被动式(being done)作宾补时,表示正在进行的被动的动作,常与感官动词连用。
I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom.You’ll find the topic _______________ (discuss) everywhere now.As we approached the village we saw new houses _____________ (build)注意:与过去分词作宾补的区别:过去分词作宾补表示动作已完成.2、作定语现在分词的被动式(being done)作定语时时,表示正在进行的被动的动作。
The meeting ______________ (discuss) now is very important.He asked who was the girl _____________ (operate)on in the operating room.注意:①现在分词的被动式作后置定语时,表示正在进行的被动的动作;过去分词作后置定语表示已经发生的被动的动作;不定式的被动式作后置定语表示未发生或即将发生的被动的动作。
如:a meeting being held now 正在被举行的会议a meeting heldyesterday 昨天举行的会议a meeting to be held tomorrow 明天将举行的会议②现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 不能做定语和宾补。
The building having been built last year (×)The building built last year (√)We found him having been killed. (×)We found him killed (√)考点/易错点2现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语当分词与句子的主语构成被动关系,且此分词动作(明确地)发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间(或持续发生多次)时可用现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语。
Having been shown around the classroom, we were taken to visit the lab.被领着参观了教室后,我们又被带着参观了实验室。
Having been told the news, they put off the trip.被告知此消息后,他们取消了这次旅。
Having been separated for many years by the war, they couldn’t recognize each other.因战争而分离多年后,他们都认不出对方了。
Having been told many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do it.尽管被告知多次了,那个小男孩他仍然不知如何去做。
注意:①若分词有自己独立的主语可构成独立主格结构。
The work having been done,they left the office.All the exam papers having been handed in, the teacher sent the students home.②在这种独立主格结构中,用现在分词的被动完成式形式与用过去分词形式差别不大。
而为了简洁,习惯采用过去分词形式,如上面两句常表达成:The work done,they left the office.All the exam papers handed in, the teacher sent the students home.注意:过去分词作状语与现在分词的被动完成式的区别:二者作状语时,都表示与句子的主语构成被动关系,区别不大,可以互换。
但是在这种情况下,为了简洁,还是习惯采用过去分词形式作状语。
Asked(=Having been asked) to work overtime,I missed a wonderful film.由于昨晚被要求加班,我错过了一场精彩的电影。
Polluted (=Having been polluted) seriously, the water in the river was not safe to drink.但是如果强调分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前或强调分词动作持续发生多次发(或持续一段时间)还是习惯采用现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语,但终归区别还是不大。
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.尽管被告诉了多次,他还是犯同样的错误。
考点/易错点3动名词的主动形式表被动意义①在want,need,require,deserve等动词之后作宾语时,常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。
②在(be)worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。
His suggestion is worth considering.③在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如:We don’t allow smoking here. 我们不允许在这儿抽烟We don’t allow students to smoke here.我们不允许学生抽烟三、例题精析【例题1】【题干】_______ to sunlight for too much tim e will do harm to one’sskin. (上海, 2002)A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposeD. Afterbeing exposed【答案】C【解析】本句中expose与one's skin是动宾关系,根据句意,应该是皮肤被暴露在阳光下,所以要用动词-ing形式的被动形式作主语,故答案为C。
【例题2】【题干】The bird ___ escaped. I didn’t mind at home.【答案】being caught being left【解析】V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。
【例题3】【题干】_________ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film.A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. Been toldD. Telling【答案】A【解析】先被告诉了故事的内容再决定不去看电影,分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前四、课堂运用【基础】1. ________ that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put offtheir attempt on the highest mountain.A. Having toldB. Having been toldC. TellD. Telling2. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ________.A. catchingB. to be caughtC. being caughtD. to catch答案:A C解析:1.动名词的完成被动式表示非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前。