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Module 2 Fantasy Literature-SectionⅢ一、根据句意和首字母或汉语提示写出单词1．Dust and dirt soon a______ if a house is not cleaned regularly.2．Leaders should share s______ and happiness of the masses.3．The brave college student jumped into the river to save the drowning child without any h____.4．The beggar passed by，______ (拖着)his wounded leg.5．When you are in a strange place，you must ______ (调整)yourself to the new environment.6．Much to everyone's surprise，the billionaire decided to donate most of his ______(财产)to the charity.7．Children are ______(承当)with heavy pressure.8．With all the difficulties ______ (抑制)，he felt relaxed.9．In order to be devoted to writing the novel，he ______ (限制)himself in his study all day long.10．Frightened by the sudden appearance of the man，the girl ______ (大叫起来)．二、选择单词或短语并用其适当形式填空1．Their opponents were __________ the ball for most of the match.2．The campus __________ what it was 20 years ago.3．She studies all the time because she wants to stay __________ her classmates.4．There was no doubt that the idea of camping __________ all the students.5．They __________ to undertake technical innovations in a big way.6．We'll __________ that difficulty when we get to it.7．He __________ the class by giving them extra work.三、翻译句子1．这部小说引起了对历史感兴趣的人的兴趣。
Section Ⅲ Grammar—用作状语的动词-ing形式[语法初识][语法剖析]1等词。
Putting on his clothes, Bill went out in a hurry.穿上衣服后，比尔匆忙离开了。
While waiting at the de ntist’s, I read a short story.在牙医诊所候诊时我读了一篇短篇小说。
2．作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Reading carefully, you’ll learn something new.＝If you read carefully, you’ll learn something new.仔细读，你就会学到新东西。
3．作原因状语时，一般可改写成as或because引导的原因状语从句。
Being tired, he couldn’t walk any f urther.＝As he was tired, he couldn’t walk any further.由于累，他再也走不动了。
4．作让步状语时，其前可加上although, though, even if/though等词。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
Though working hard, he couldn’t earn enough money to pay off hi s debt.尽管努力工作，他也不能挣到足够的钱还清债务。
5．作结果状语时，其前可加thereby, thus, therefore等词。
The book sold more than 500,000 copies a year, making it one of the bestsellers at that time.那本书一年销售五十多万册，使它成为当时的畅销书之一。
Module 2Fantasy LiteratureSection ⅢIntegrating Skills ＆Cultural Corner 阅读The Lord of the Rings，完成练习1．Which of the following doesn’t belong to the creatures that exist in the stories?A．Dwarves. B．Hobbits.C．Humans. D．Robots。
2．Why did Sauron try to find the lost Ring？A．Because it belonged to him.B．Because he wanted to rule the Middle Earth.C．Because he wanted to destroy it.D．Because he wanted to keep it。
3．From this passage，we know that the writing thread of these stories was______。
A．how to find the RingB．how to destroy the RingC．the great power of SauronD．the kindness of Gandaff4．Which of the following is NOT right？A．The Lord of the Rings is considered to be the best fantasy novel.B．All people don’t enjoy reading fantastic stories。
C．All the stories in The Lord of the Rings were based on imagination.D．Sauron and his creatures represented those of evil。
Literature and FantasySpeculative fiction may be a big tent, but "real" literature, when considering the same topics, is not. If a story has science fiction attributes, there is little chance it will be accepted into the canon. Virtually anything future oriented or technological is automatically shuttled into "genre", becoming science fiction by default. There is very little "literature" which is science fiction. Margaret Atwood's A Handmaid's Tale, some Vonnegut, and not a whole lot more."Real literature" is somewhat kinder to fantasy. A hybrid fantasy story can make quite acceptable literature. Literature generally uses three main types of fantastic construction. The first might be called "speculative storytelling". There are often no overt fantasy elements in such a story, but the very premise itself will be fantastical. Often verging on being a schematic mythology, this form is characterized by the use of symbolism and extended metaphor. Here is an example. A woman is born to a man who wants only a son. So he simply goes on as if she was male, raising her as a boy and believing fully in her maleness. In time, enjoying her enhanced place in society, she adopts the role fully. What might be only a specific case of transvestism can become a metaphor for the role of gender, or the place of women in male-dominated society, or for the nature of identity itself. Something fairly normal (or at least conceivable) can become the vehicle of fantastic speculation.(The story cited, The Sand Child by Tahar Ben Jelloun, will be reviewed in our upcoming Desert Themes issue, so stay tuned.)A second area of fantasy in literature is the fabulation. The key mark of the fabulation is a subversion of acknowledged reality for the express benefit of the story being told. It is important that the reader recognize the unreality of the tale to appreciate the points of the narrative. This is a very widely used convention in literature, by countless authors. William Burroughs comes immediately to mind, as does Katherine Dunn in the incredibly creepy Geek Love. Most importantly, it is a convention, used with a nod and wink to the reader, and in this strays a bit from what could be called a "pure" fantasy. Where speculative storytelling uses covert fantasy inthe realm of overt reality, the fabulation turns this inside out, hiding the "reality" within a construct of fantasy.A third avenue involves fantastic elements emerging into a conventional setting. There is a lot of this in Kafka, and especially in the genre of "magical realism". Mostly Latin American or Central European, magical realism's three "M's" are mystery, miracle, and magic.Some explanations of magical realism's genesis are, first, the mysteries of alien culture observed by the European invaders of the New World, the acceptance of mystery as an integral part of "pagan" religion. The second is the structural system of belief in miracle which underpins the Catholic faith, the miraculous happening in literary narrative echoing the history of acceptance of miraculous happening in life. Third is the collision of the modern world with remnant traditional belief systems, often magical, which offer a resonant symbolism and structure.The typical magical realism story involves singular, fantastic eruptions into everyday existence, aberrations of reality which hold within them (spiritual) truths. It is half-way fantasy, not forcing the reader to make a full suspension of disbelief, using fantasy only as an element in the story.What literature is most comfortable with is an emergent fantasy, as in magical realism, Kafka, Burroughs, and recently in the excellent work of Jonathan Carroll. (It has an analog in horror fiction, which uses the intrusion of the occult into mundane life). Literature will use the speculative device, but is leary of full speculative investigation.At the sharp end, use of fantasy in "real" literature is not about a full, speculative suspension of disbelief. That is left to science fiction and fantasy, which it ghetto-ises as "genre". The stink of it is that these two step children are not fully literary, that they are somehow less. Unfortunate, but that's just the way things are. It's easy to see why Ursula LeGuin complains about being called a science fiction writer. "I write science fiction. I am not a science fiction writer".*Being taken seriously in the literary world can be a toughie.。
幻想文学核心词汇． .. .．， .．(复仇) ’ .．(积攒) .．，(卡住)．．(舒服的) .．(确定地)“”“”．．’’ .()．’ .()；；高频短语．在……中起重要作用，对……有重要影响．注视，盯着看．对某人有吸引力，引起某人的兴趣．与……有联系，与……联系在一起．对……看不见；无形的．目光集中；注视；决定；确定．出发，动身．伸出．存款．朝……走过来．走开．放下；镇压’ ..()重点句式．，，.然后它向后一跃，脊背拱起，毛发竖立，尾巴僵直地伸着。
．， .车开过去后，他穿过马路，眼睛盯着那只猫一直在打量的地方。
．，...看上去就像有人将空间切开了一块，……．，， .……感觉像在半醒半梦间，他站起来环顾四周寻找他的向导——那只猫。
． .一个年轻人正在穿过一片树林时，他看见地面上有一个戒指。
；；；知识详解．犹豫，迟疑(回归课本) ，’：...他看到的一切使他头晕目眩，心跳加速，但他却丝毫没有迟疑：……【归纳总结】【例句探源】① .该不该再作最后一次努力来救这个人，他犹豫不决。
②(牛津) .如果有疑问就请尽管和我联系。
③ .她毫不犹豫地作了回答。
④’ .他对是否去参加探险仍拿不定主意。
【即境活用】，’， .．．．．解析：选。
.做某事犹豫不决。
．’ .．．．．解析：选。
考查动词辨析。
“乞求”；“犹豫”；“渴望”；“寻求”。
.“犹豫做某事”。
句意：我们(随时)为你服务。
如果你还有什么问题，请不要犹豫找我们帮忙。
．.怀疑；疑惑(回归课本) .但是威尔深信不疑：另一边的那块草地在一个不同的世界里。
【归纳总结】【例句探源】①() .约翰会不会准时来还不太确定。
② .我相信他会成功。
③“”．但是毫无疑问，他无愧于“一代杰出球员”这一称号。
④： .毫无疑问，冰屋很流行，它正吸引着来自世界各地的游人。
⑤’ .我相信你是诚实的。
【即境活用】． .．．．．解析：选。
本题中表示“没有疑问”，是很肯定的事，因此用；而意为“是否”，表示“有疑问”，在此处意义不正确。
2019-2020年高中英语 Module 2 Fantasy Literature The Second PeriodSpeaking教案外研版选修6Teaching goals教学目标1. Target language目标语言a. 重点词汇和短语fantasy story, adult, bear, creature, extraordinary, hero, heroine, philosophical, witch, play a part, take placeb. 重点句式 (P18)Look at the time!It’s your turn.See what I mean?Give me a moment.2. Ability goals能力目标Enable the students to retell a fantasy story.3. Learning ability goals学能目标Help the students learn how to retell a fantasy story.Teaching important & difficult points教学重难点Retell a fantasy story using the present simple tense.Teaching methods教学方法Discussion.Teaching aids教具准备A puter and a projector.Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方法Step I RevisionT: Good morning / afternoon, boys and girls!Ss: Good morning / afternoon, Sir / Madam!T: Let’s check the homework first. You have learned The Cat That Vanished, and you were asked to retell the passage. Now work in groups of four and take turns to retell thestory. You’d better not read the passage while retelling the story. If necessary, you can turn to your partners for help. One student one or two sentences at one time. All right, now let’s begin.A sample version:Sa: One night, Will was on his way back home. He was very tired.Sb: Because it was too late, he could hardly see any buses, cars and travelers. Everything was very quiet.Sc: Perhaps he was too tired to think clearly. He stood there not knowing what to do.Sd: Just then he saw a cat. She seemed to know Will.Sa: The cat came up to Will when Will held out his hand.Sb: But the cat, then, turned away and went across the road.Sc: And when she was going towards the bushes just past the trees, she stopped as if she were waiting for Will.Sd: Will stood there, watching the cat. And the cat began to behave strangely.Sa: The cat raised her paw to touch something in the air in front of her. But Will could see nothing in front of the cat.Sb: The cat leapt back, with her tail held up.Sc: The cat moved to the place again and patted the air in front of her again.Sd: Then she leapt back again, but less far and she was not afraid any more.Sa: After a few seconds the cat vanished.Sb: Will could hardly believe his eyes.Sc: Will kept his eyes on the place where the cat vanished, though it was not very easy.Sd: He crossed the road after a truck passed by.Sa: He came to the place where the cat vanished and looked more closely.Sb: Of course, he saw the patch in the air.Sc: The patch looked as if it had been cut in the air. And it was almost square in shape.Sd: And the patch was less a meter across.Sa: On the other side of the patch was also a patch of grass, just like this side.Sb: Will bent down and looked through. He was frightened by what he saw.Sc: However, Will climbed through the patch and went into the new world.Sd: He was in the centre of the road in a different world.Sa: He knew nothing about the new world. But he came here.Sb: Then he had to look for his guide, the cat.Sa: Will found the cat in the bushes. The cat spoke, and Will was surprised. She told him, “I was ordered to guide you to this magical world. You will bee a great hero here.” Then she showed Will a handbook, telling him to follow the instructions in the book. After that, the cat vanished again. But this time Will failed to find her again. He had no choice but to read the book...Sb: Will suddenly changed into a cat, too. How terrible! He had paws instead of hands, and also a long tail behind him. On the other side of the road stood his guide, the cat that vanished. He began to regret what he had done. But the patch was nowhere to be found again. He said to himself, “OK, I’ll have to follow my guide to see what will happen to me.”Step Ⅱ SpeakingTask 1: Rearrange the storyAsk the students to do Activity 1 in LISTENING AND VOCABULARY. Then ask the students to listen and check the answers. Then ask the students toread the story.A sample version:A king goes out hunting and es to a cottage. A beautiful woman es out and the king falls in love with her. The king takes the woman to his palace and marries her, not knowingthat she is a wicked witch. The witch put a spell on the king and bees the ruler of the land. Argon, the king’s brother, who rules a nearby kingdom, goes to war with the witch. Before he leaves for the war, Argon asks his handsome son, Ferdinand, to revenge if he gets killed. The witch wins the war and kills Argon and his army. A frog jumps out of a pool and tells Ferdinand that he can help him kill the witch.Task 2: Continue the storyFirst, ask the students to retell the above story.Then ask them to read the end of the story and then continue it.T: Now let’s work in groups of four and continue the story.A sample version:Sa: One afternoon, while sitting by a pool, Ferdinand sees a frog. The frog jumps out of the water and says, “Oh King, I will tell you how to kill the wicked witch.”Sb: Ferdinand is very surprised and happy as well, because he wants to revenge, but he doesn’t know what to do.Sc: The frog says that he was a wizard long ago, but the witch put a spell on him and turned him into a frog. He has lived in the pool for many years.Sd: Ferdinand is told that the witch is very powerful, but she has a weak point. She can never live in darkness. No matter where she is, she burns a lot of candles, even when she is asleep. If she is kept in dark for two minutes, she will bee weak and cannot use her magic.Sa: Ferdinand thinks it over, and has an idea. He calls on his friends and begins to carry out his plan.Sb: Everyone may wonder what the plan is and what the King will do. After meeting the frog, Ferdinand just stays in his palace, talking and laughing with his friends. Strangely enough, they never light a candle, even at night. Even the witch is puzzled.Sc: One night, Ferdinand calls on his men and goes to war with the witch. Just as the frog told him, the witch has a lot of candles and sticks burning around her as if it were in the daytime.Sd: The witch is about to catch Ferdinand when it suddenly begins to rain. The rain is being heavier and heavier, with wind blowing hard. Just as you can imagine, all the candles and sticks go out. Ferdinand and his men are used to the darkness, and they can see clearly in the darkness. They find the witch and kill her.Step Ⅲ Everyday EnglishTask 1:Ask the students to make sentences with the expressions in bold type in EVERYDAY ENGLISH.Sample answers:1. Go on, I’m listening.2. Give me a moment, and I’ll finish the work as soon as possible.3. See what I mean? You should have listened to me carefully.4. Fortunately, the girl was on time for class.5. It’s your turn to clean the blackboard.6. I’m stuck. I think the maths problem is too difficult for me.7. Look at the time! What’s your excuse for being late?Task 2: Ask the students to do the Activity in EVERYDAY ENGLISH.Step Ⅳ Homework1. Review the words and expressions learned.2. Ask the students to find more information on “fantasy stories”.。
Module2 FantasyLiteratureⅠ.阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A(2017河南商丘三模,B)Sherlock Holmes was the greatest detective in history. His ast onishing power of observation and analysis meant that he wa s able to solve cases which left the real police completely per plexed. As a problem solver in the law-forced business, he was a knowledgeable person equal to Su perman, the comic book hero.Like Superman, of course, Holmes did not exist. He was the creation of a Scottish doctor and novelist Arthur Conan Doyle, and remains one of the most famous literary fiction characters of all time.Holm es’ general rule when trying to solve a case was as follo ws: completely get rid of the impossible. Then whatever remai ns, however improbable, must be the truth.It’s said that Holmes’ powers of deduction (推理) were superhuman, particularly his ability to process inform ation from what he observed. In a story called The Boscombe Valley Mystery, Holmes examines the area near a lake where a murder has been committed. The local police have already searched the area and found no clues. Holmes spends ten mi nutes in the area, and announces that the murderer “is a tall man, left-handed, limps with the right leg, wears thick-soled shooting boots and a gray coat, smokes Indian cigars, u ses a cigar holder, and carries a penknife in his pocket. There are several other indications, but these may be enough to aid us in our search.” Needless to say, he has found evidence to support all of these statements.The fictional Holmes lived in an apartment at 221 Baker Stree t, a real street in Central London. When Conan Doyle wrote a bout Holmes, there was no 221 Baker Street, but after the str eet was extended northwards, there was. There is currently abank at that address.The fact that Holmes didn’t actually exist doesn’t stop thousan ds of people writing to him for help every year.The bank kindly responds to every letter they receive with the following mess age:“Mr. Holmes thanks you for your letter. At the moment he is retired in Sussex, keeping bees, and does not undertake de tective work nowadays.”1.In the first paragraph the underlined word “perplexed” sugge sts that the police were .A.confidentB.worriedC.confusedD.sure2.How does the writer describe Holmes and Superman?A.Neither Superman nor Holmes was a real character.B.Both Superman and Holmes used super intellect to solve pr oblems.C.Superman was a comic book figure, while Holmes was a re al detective.D.Superman and Holmes were equally intelligent and brave.3.How did Holmes use his powers of deduction in the third par agraph?A.He spent a long time thinking about possible solutions.B.He found clues to help him create a full description of a sus pect.C.He observed the crime area and guessed what happened.D.He searched the area with the police and discussed with th em.4.When letters are written to Holmes, .A.he answers letters when he receives themB.his secretary answers them for himC.the bank at 221 Baker Street where he used to live sends t he letters backD.the bank at his address replies that Holmes is no longer wo rking as a detectiveB(2017福建莆田模拟,B)Big Blue WhaleNicola DaviesIllustrated by Nick MalandNicola Davies provides a look at nature’s largest living creatur e in Big Blue Whale. The text often uses examples from the c hild’s world to help youngsters understand this great creature. For example, the blue whale’s skin is “smooth like a hard-boiled egg” and its eye is “as big as a teacup”. Nick Maland’s pen-and-ink illustrations capture the majesty of the blue whale, of which only 10,000 remain.Ages 3 to 8, $ 19.99.Life in the Coral ReefBobbie Kalman & Niki WalkerPhotographed by Tom StackThis educational book has outstanding photographs and illustr ations. The bright colors are attention grabbing. The importan ce of the coral reefs(珊瑚礁) in the ecology of the earth is explained as well as how the coral reefs are being harmed and destroyed. The author then offers solutions and suggestions to help prevent the destructio n of these beautiful natural resources.Ages 7 up, $16.95.North American Endangered SpeciesColleayn O. MastinIllustrated by Jan SovakThis is a beautifully illustrated book by the award winner Jan Sovak featuring fifteen North American animals that are in da nger of becoming extinct. Each animal is introduced with a sh ort poem, followed by factual information and why the species is considered to be endangered.Ages 6 up, $ 9.95.WhaleVasilli PapastavrouPhotographed by Frank GreenawayThis reference book takes a close look at the fascinating worl d of majestic sea mammals including whales, dolphins, seals, and sea lions. The author describes how whales adapt to sea life and explores whale communication, socialization, behavio rs, reproduction, life cycles, habitats and physical characteristi cs.Ages 10 up, $ 19.00.5.What do we learn from Big Blue Whale?A.The number of the blue whale is increasing.B.Many animals are in danger of dying out.C.There used to be more than 10,000 blue whales.D.The blue whale has strong survival abilities.6.What is special about North American Endangered Species ?A.It uses examples from the child’s world.B.The author introduces animals with poems.C.It contains bright colors.D.It takes a close look at sea animals.7.Who has won an award as an illustrator or a photographer?A.Nick Maland.B.Tom Stack.C.Jan Sovak.D.Frank Greenaway.8.A child who wants to learn about how whales communicate will buy .A.Big Blue WhaleB.Life in the Coral ReefC.North American Endangered SpeciesD.WhaleⅡ.语法填空(2017山东聊城三模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Period Three Integrating Skills & Cultural CornerⅠ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)1．revenge v．报仇，复仇2．envelope n．信封3．literary adj.文学的4．anecdote n．趣闻，轶事5．swift adj.快的，迅速的6．stubborn adj.顽强的，坚持的7．automatic adj.自动的，习惯性的，自然发生的8．curriculum n．课程9．distribute v．(书报的)发行10．status n．身份，地位Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共15小题；每题2分，满分30分)11．结婚，娶，嫁v.marry12．惩罚v.punish13．吸引力，魅力n.appeal14．有天才的，有天赋的adj.gifted15．负担，重负n.burden16．克服v.overcome17．调整n.adjustment18．(批评等的)对象n.target19．积累，积聚v.accumulate20．因此，所以adv.thus21．达到，得到v.attain22．悲哀，伤心，苦难n.sorrow23．应该，应当v.ought24．力量，能力n.power25．拥有v.possessⅢ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)26．在……前面aheadof27．回头看lookbackoverone’sshoulder28．瞥见catchaglimpseof29．出发，动身setout30．以便；为了soasto31．发生takeplace32．putaspellon用咒符镇住33．(be) associatedwith与……有联系，与……联系在一起34．appealtosb.对某人有吸引力，引起某人的兴趣35．(be) restrictedto限于Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每题6分，满分30分)36．...becauseshewastoopoortoownatypewriter，shewrotebyhand.……由于贫穷，买不起打字机，她只好手写书稿。
Section Ⅲ Grammar ——动词ing 形式(Ⅰ)一、动词ing 形式作状语的基本用法动词ing 形式作状语时可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随动作，作方式状语和伴随状语时可以变为并列分句，作其他状语时也可以变为相应的状语从句。
它的位置比较灵活，可以置于句首、句中或句末，有时用逗号分开，有时不用。
一般来说，作时间、原因、条件或让步状语时，通常位于句子的前部；作结果、方式或伴随状语时，通常位于句子的后部。
①If you read carefully, you'll learn something new.→Reading carefully, you'll learn something new.②As he was very tired, he couldn't walk any further.→Being very tired, he couldn't walk any further.③Although he worked as hard as he could, he didn't pass the exam.→Working as hard as he could, he didn't pass the exam.二、动词ing形式的时态和语态1．在逻辑上，当动词ing形式表示的动作和句子谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生时用一般式；当动词ing形式表示的动作发生在句子谓语动词之前时用完成式。
Seeing the stranger coming towards him, little Tom ran away as fast as he could.看见陌生人朝他走来，小汤姆尽可能快地跑开了。
( see和run几乎同时发生)Having studied English for three years, he could read brief stories in English.由于学习了三年英语，他能用英语读简单的故事。
(study发生在read之前)2．在逻辑上，当句子的主语执行动词ing形式表示的动作时，动词ing形式用主动式；当句子的主语承受动词ing形式表示的动作时，动词ing形式用被动式。
He listened to the tape, making notes now and then.他听着磁带，偶尔记笔记。
(he执行make表示的动作)Being called by a stranger, he realized what had happened.由于一个陌生人打电话，他意识到出事了。
(he承受call表示的动作)[即时训练2] 用动词ing形式完成句子①Having written an important letter(写完一封重要的信后), I listened to the music for a while.②Being well taken care of(受到了很好的照顾), she recovered quickly.三、动词ing形式作状语时需注意的几个问题1．动词ing形式作状语时，有时前面可用一个连词或介词，表示强调或出于表达需要。
常用的词有：when, while, after, before, if, unless, though/although等。
“从属连词＋动词ing形式”可以视为状语从句的省略。
Don't talk while having dinner (＝while you are having dinner)．吃饭时不要说话。
Though working hard(＝Though he worked hard), he couldn't earn enough money to pay off his debt.尽管努力工作，他也不能挣到足够的钱还清债务。
2．动词ing形式的否定形式是在其前加not或never。
She was puzzled, not knowing what had happened.她迷惑了，不知道发生了什么。
Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam.由于没有尽最大努力，他这次考试没通过。
3．动词ing形式与不定式作结果状语时的比较动词ing形式作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。
而不定式作结果状语则表示出乎意料的结果，且常与only 连用。
He ran all the way, reaching the school out of breath.他跑了一路，到达学校时上气不接下气。
Yesterday I went to see him, only to learn that he had gone abroad two days ago.昨天我去看他，结果了解到他两天前已经去了国外。
4．动词ing形式与独立主格结构作状语时的比较动词ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语要与主句的主语相一致，如果不一致，通常要在动词ing形式前加上它自己的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的动词ing形式被称为独立主格结构。
Arriving at the station, he found the train had left.到达车站时，他发现火车已经开走了。
(he是arriving的逻辑主语)She walked along the path, her daughter following close behind.她沿着小路走，其女儿跟在后面。
(following的逻辑主语是her daughter，而不是句子的主语she)5．有少数动词ing形式并不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人的态度，被称作独立成分，它不受句子主语的限制。
常见的有：generally speaking一般来说；judging from/by 根据……来判断；considering考虑到，鉴于；supposing假设等。
Generally speaking, the more you practise, the more skillfully you can write in English.一般来说，你练习越多，用英语写作就越熟练。
[即时训练3] 用动词ing形式完成句子①Although working hard from morning till night(虽然从早到晚拼命干), his father didn't get enough food.②Not knowing how to deal with(不知道如何应对) the difficult situation, he turned to his teacher for help.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．When leaving(leave) the airport, they waved again and again to us.2．Having spent(spend) nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.3．Judging(judge) from his expression, he was frightened of spiders.4．I built all my hopes on his promises, only to find(find) that he was not an honest person.5．The guide leading(lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.6．Being talked(talk) to, you should look into the eyes of the person.7．Having been asked(ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.8．There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, staring(stare) at the night sky.9．He did his homework carelessly, making(make) a lot of mistakes.10．Making(make) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Heard the bad news, she couldn't help crying.Heard→Hearing2．Not know her address, we can't get in touch with her.know→knowing3．It rained heavily, caused severe flood in the area.caused→causing或caused 前加and4．Seen from here, you will get a wonderful view of the city.Seen→Seeing 5．Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful ways of communication as well.speak→speaking6．Tasted good and sweet, this kind of apple was soon sold out in the market.Tasted →Tasting7.Ordering over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive right now.Ordering →Ordered8．Taking good care of ourselves and don't let our parents worry about us.Taking →Take9．Stand in front of the school gate, I wondered what to do next.Stand→Standing 10．Judged from his words, he has been to America.Judged→Judging。
